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Journal articles on the topic 'Heavy nucleus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

WONG, C. Y. "NUCLEAR STOPPING POWER IN NUCLEON-NUCLEUS AND NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 20 (October 10, 1989): 1965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389002227.

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The nuclear stopping power, as revealed by nucleon-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions, indicates that the incident nuclear matter loses a substantial fraction of its energy in the collision process. As this energy lost by the nuclear matter is converted into the energy of the hadron matter produced in the center-of-mass region, the nuclear stopping process in high-energy heavy-ion collisions appears to be an excellent tool to produce regions of very high energy density, with a possibility of leading to the formation of a quark-gluon plasma.

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2

Nardi, Marzia. "Heavy flavors in nucleus-nucleus and proton-nucleus collisions." EPJ Web of Conferences 126 (2016): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201612602022.

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3

Rahman, A., Sirajum Munir, and H. M. Sen Gupta. "Heavy ion nucleus scattering." Il Nuovo Cimento A 112, no. 6 (June 1999): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03035870.

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4

Foteinou, V., M. Axiotis, A. Lagoyannis, P. Demetriou, H. W. Becker, D. Rogalla, and S. Harissopulos. "Proton capture reactions in medium-heavy nuclei relevant to p-process nucleosynthesis." HNPS Proceedings 22 (March 8, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1938.

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Cross-section measurements of proton-capture reactions on Molybdenum isotopes have been performed at beam energies from 2.0 to 6.2 MeV. The cross-section data obtained in this work are compared with those predicted by theory. The latter were calculated using the latest version of the TALYS Hauser-Feshbach (HF) theory code [1] (version 1.6). In these calculations, various phenomenological and (semi)microscopic models were used for the nucleon-nucleus and the α-particle-nucleus optical model potential, the nuclear level densities and the γ-ray strength function.

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5

PARIZET, M. J., J. P. ALARD, A. RAHMANI, G. MONTAROU, J. AUGERAT, N. BASTID, P. DEMAISON, et al. "PROTON PRODUCTION IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLISIONS: COMPARISON WITH A THERMODYNAMICAL MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, no. 14 (August 20, 1989): 3689–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89001473.

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Experimental results concerning proton production in nuclear collisions, obtained at Saturne with the Diogene 4π facility, are compared with the predictions of a thermodynamical model, using collective velocity distributions combined with a statistical thermodynamics in local rest frames. Experimental differential cross sections for alpha + nucleus and Neon + nucleus central collisions at incident energies between 200 and 800 MeV per nucleon are well reproduced by the model, for an angular range 30–110 degrees in the laboratory system. Extracted values of the temperatures are compared with those given by other authors.

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6

Li, Xuan, Ivan Vitev, Melynda Brooks, Lukasz Cincio, J. Matthew Durham, Michael Graesser, Ming X. Liu, et al. "A New Heavy Flavor Program for the Future Electron-Ion Collider." EPJ Web of Conferences 235 (2020): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023504002.

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The proposed high-energy and high-luminosity Electron–Ion Collider (EIC) will provide one of the cleanest environments to precisely determine the nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) in a wide x–Q2 range. Heavy flavor production at the EIC provides access to nPDFs in the poorly constrained high Bjorken-x region, allows us to study the quark and gluon fragmentation processes, and constrains parton energy loss in cold nuclear matter. Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory are developing a new physics program to study heavy flavor production, flavor tagged jets, and heavy flavor hadron-jet correlations in the nucleon/nucleus going direction at the future EIC. The proposed measurements will provide a unique way to explore the flavor dependent fragmentation functions and energy loss in a heavy nucleus. They will constrain the initial-state eﬀects that are critical for the interpretation of previous and ongoing heavy ion measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider. We show an initial conceptual design of the proposed Forward Silicon Tracking (FST) detector at the EIC, which is essential to carry out the heavy flavor measurements. We further present initial feasibility studies/simulations of heavy flavor hadron reconstruction using the proposed FST.

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7

Lebedev, Alexandre. "PHENIX Measurements of Heavy Flavor in Small Systems." EPJ Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817201001.

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The study of heavy flavor production in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions is a sensitive probe of the hot and dense matter created in such collisions. Installation of silicon vertex detectors in the PHENIX experiment, and increased performance of the BNL RHIC collider allowed collection of large amount of data on heavy flavor production in small colliding systems. In this talk we will present recent PHENIX results on open heavy flavor and quarkonia production in p+p, p+A, d+A, and He3+A colliding systems in a broad rapidity range, and discuss how these measurements help us to better understand all stages of nuclear collisions at high energy.

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8

Behera, Nirbhay K., Raghunath Sahoo, and Basanta K. Nandi. "Constituent Quark Scaling of Strangeness Enhancement in Heavy-Ion Collisions." Advances in High Energy Physics 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/273248.

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In the framework of a nuclear overlap model, we estimate the number of nucleons and quark participants in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions. We observe the number of nucleon- (NN-part-) normalized enhancement of multistrange particles, which shows a monotonic increase with centrality and turns out to be a centrality-independent scaling behavior when normalized to number of constituent quarks participating in the collision (Nq-part). In addition, we observe that theNq-part-normalized enhancement, when further normalized to the strangeness content, shows a strangeness-independent scaling behavior. This holds good at top RHIC energy. However, the corresponding SPS data show a weakNq-part-scaling. Moreover, the strangeness scaling seems to be violated at top SPS energy. This scaling at RHIC indicates that the partonic degrees of freedom play an important role in the production of multistrange particles. Top SPS energy, in view of the above observations, shows a coexistence of hadronic and partonic phases. Therefore we give a comparison of data with HIJING, AMPT, and UrQMD models to understand the particle production dynamics at different energies.

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9

BERTULANI, CARLOS A. "PHOTON EXCHANGE IN NUCLEUS–NUCLEUS COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 05 (February 20, 2003): 685–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03012357.

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The strong electromagnetic fields in peripheral heavy ion collisions give rise to photon–photon and photon–nucleus interactions. I present a general survey of the photon–photon and photon-hadron physics accessible in these collisions. Among these processes I discuss the nuclear fragmentation through the excitation of giant resonances, the Coulomb dissociation method for application in nuclear astrophysics, and the production of particles.

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10

Bandyopadhyay, D., S. K. Samaddar, K. Krishan, and J. N. De. "Energy dependent nucleus-nucleus potential in heavy ion collisions." Nuclear Physics A 462, no. 3 (February 1987): 587–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(87)90407-6.

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11

Townsend, L. W., J. W. Wilson, and J. W. Norbury. "A simplified optical model description of heavy ion fragmentation." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-021.

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The fragmentation of 213 MeV/nucleon 40Ar ions by 12C targets is described within the context of a simple abrasion–ablation fragmentation model. The abrasion part of the theory utilizes a quantum-mechanical formalism based upon an optical model potential approximation to the exact nucleus-nucleus multiple-scattering series. The ablation stage of the fragmentation is treated as a compound nucleus evaporation. The decay probabilities for the various particle emission channels are computed using the EVAP-4 Monte Carlo computer program. Predictions for production cross sections for isotopes of sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, and aluminum are made and compared with experimental data. The model is also used to compare predicted and experimental element production cross sections for 1.88 GeV/nucleon 56Fe colliding with 12C and 208Pb targets.

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12

Nardi, Marzia, A. Beraudo, A. De Pace, M. Monteno, and F. Prino. "Heavy flavor in nucleus-nucleus and proton-nucleus: quenching, flow and correlations." Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings 276-278 (July 2016): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2016.05.075.

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13

ABE, YASUHISA, CAIWAN SHEN, GRIGORY KOSENKO, DAVID BOILLEY, and BERTRAND G. GIRAUD. "DI-NUCLEUS DYNAMICS TOWARD FUSION OF HEAVY NUCLEI." International Journal of Modern Physics E 17, no. 10 (November 2008): 2214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301308011367.

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The Two-Step Model for fusion of massive systems is briefly recapitulated, which clarifies the mechanism of so-called fusion hindrance. Since the neck changes the potential landscape, especially the height of the conditional saddle point, time evolution of the neck degree of freedom plays a crucial role in fusion. We analytically solve time-evolution of nuclear shape of the composite system from di-nucleus to mono-nucleus. The time-dependent distribution function of the neck is obtained, which elucidates dynamics of fusion processes in general, and thus, is useful for theoretical predictions on synthesis of the superheavy elements with various combinations of incident heavy ions.

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14

El-Gebaly, H. "The behavior of reaction cross-section at low and intermediate energies by considering in-medium effects in σNN for light and heavy target nuclei." Material Science Research India 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2010): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/070117.

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The in-medium effects in nucleon-nucleon cross-section were treated using different approaches. We study the variation of σR with different values of rms. Also we study the variation of sR with different values of incident energy per projectile nucleon for light interacting pair 12C-12C and heavy target nucleus pair12C-208Pb. The coulombs repulsion was taken into consideration by assuming a simple model. We found that the in-medium effects on σR are small when the target nucleus becomes heavy.

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15

Tellier, H., M. Coste, C. Raepsaet, and C. Van der Gucht. "Heavy Nucleus Resonant Absorption Calculation Benchmarks." Nuclear Science and Engineering 113, no. 1 (January 1993): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse93-a23991.

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16

Schäfer, Wolfgang, Anna Cisek, and Antoni Szczurek. "Exclusive production of heavy vector mesons in nucleus-nucleus collisions." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 219-220 (October 2011): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2011.10.072.

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17

Nardi, Marzia, W. M. Alberico, A. Molinari, A. Beraudo, A. De Pace, M. Monteno, F. Prino, and M. Sitta. "Heavy flavors in nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC and LHC." EPJ Web of Conferences 71 (2014): 00098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20147100098.

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18

Hüfner, J. "Heavy fragments produced in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at relativistic energies." Physics Reports 125, no. 4 (August 1985): 129–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(85)90124-3.

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19

ISMAIL, M., and A. SH GHAZAL. "MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF HEXADECAPOLE DEFORMATION ON BOTH FUSION CROSS-SECTION AND BARRIER DISTRIBUTION." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 38n39 (December 21, 2000): 2315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300002978.

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The interaction potential for deformed-spherical nuclear pair is derived microscopically in the framework of double folding model with M3Y-Paris nucleon–nucleon interaction. The heavy target nucleus 238 U together with the light projectile nucleus 16 O are considered as an example. The exchange part of the heavy ion (HI) potential has been calculated using finite-range exchange NN force instead of the zero-range pseudoforce. Neutron thickness and the difference in kinetic energy densities between neutrons and protons have been taken into consideration in calculating the exchange HI potential. For this pair the fusion cross-section as well as the barrier distribution are calculated. These calculations have been done using three different values of hexadecapole deformation parameter of 238 U . The effect of using both the finite-range exchange NN force and the hexadecapole deformation on the fusion cross-section and the barrier distribution have been discussed.

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20

ANCHISHKIN, D., A. MUSKEYEV, and S. YEZHOV. "COLLISION THERMALIZATION OF NUCLEONS IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 24 (September 30, 2009): 4437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09044668.

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We consider a possible mechanism of thermalization of nucleons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Our model belongs, to a certain degree, to the transport ones; we investigate the evolution of the system created in nucleus–nucleus collision, but we parametrize this development by the number of collisions of every particle during evolution rather than by the time variable. We based on the assumption that the nucleon momentum transfer after several nucleon–nucleon (–hadron) elastic and inelastic collisions becomes a random quantity driven by a proper distribution. This randomization results in a smearing of the nucleon momenta about their initial values and, as a consequence, in their partial isotropization and thermalization. The trial evaluation is made in the framework of a toy model. We show that the proposed scheme can be used for extraction of the physical information from experimental data on nucleon rapidity distribution.

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21

LIU, JIAN-YE, WEN-JUN GUO, ZHONG-ZHOU REN, WEI ZUO, XI-GUO LEE, and YONG-ZHONG XING. "AVERAGE PROPERTY OF FRAGMENTATION REACTION AND MOMENTUM DISSIPATION INDUCED BY HALO-NUCLEI IN HEAVY ION COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 15, no. 05 (July 2006): 1069–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301306004752.

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We study systematically the average property of fragmentation reaction and momentum dissipation induced by halo-nuclei in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions for different colliding systems and different beam energies within the isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model (IQMD). This study is based on the extended halo-nucleus density distributions, which indicates the average property of loosely inner halo nucleus structure, because the interaction potential and in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in IQMD model depend on the density distribution. In order to study the average properties of fragmentation reaction and momentum dissipation induced by halo-nuclei we also compare the results for the halo-nuclear colliding systems with those for corresponding stable colliding systems with same mass under the same incident channel condition. We find that the effect of extended halo density distribution on the fragment multiplicity and nuclear stopping (momentum dissipation) are important for the different beam energies and different colliding systems. For example the extended halo density distributions increase the fragment multiplicity but decrease the nuclear stopping for all of incident channel conditions in this paper.

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22

GUPTA, RAJ K., SHAM K. ARUN, DALIP SINGH, RAJ KUMAR, NIYTI, S. K. PATRA, P. ARUMUGAM, and B. K. SHARMA. "CLUSTERS IN LIGHT, HEAVY, SUPER-HEAVY AND SUPER-SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI." International Journal of Modern Physics E 17, no. 10 (November 2008): 2244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301308011422.

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Clustering phenomenon in nuclei is studied within the relativistic as well as non-relativistic mean field approaches, and also as a collective clusterization process in the decaying hot compound nucleus.

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23

Andronic, A., P. Braun-Munzinger, K. Redlich, and J. Stachel. "Statistical hadronization of heavy quarks in ultra-relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions." Nuclear Physics A 789, no. 1-4 (June 2007): 334–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.02.013.

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24

Gross-Boelting, T., C. Fuchs, and A. Faessler. "Dirac structure of the nucleus-nucleus potential in heavy ion collisions." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 42 (January 1999): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0146-6410(99)00061-7.

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25

Lokhtin, I. P., and A. M. Snigirev. "Production and rescattering of heavy quarks in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 65, no. 9 (September 2002): 1733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1508703.

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26

Sujan Islam, M., R. Majumder, S. Hossain, Athoy Nilima, M. A. Sayed, M. Shariful Islam, M. M. Billah, et al. "Non-monotonic shallow nucleus-nucleus potential for heavy-ion elastic scattering2." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1718 (January 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1718/1/012009.

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27

Hào, Trần Viết Nhân. "FISSION CROSS SECTION IN THE SYNTHESIS OF THE 264Rf NUCLEUS VIA 26Mg+238U COMBINATION." Hue University Journal of Science: Natural Science 127, no. 1A (August 6, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26459/hueuni-jns.v127i1a.4830.

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Our understanding of the fission mechanism has been still limited up to date, especially, for mass distribution of heavy nuclei or actinide ones. Since the heavy isotopes on the neutron-rich side of the nuclear chart cannot be accessed via capture reactions, it is thought that the mechanism can be studied via compound nuclei produced by multi-nucleon transfer reactions. In which, the fission process should be understood. In this report we mention the role of the transfer reaction <sup>26</sup>Mg + <sup>238</sup>U and an estimation of the cross section of the fission leds by the compound nucleus, <sup>264</sup>Rf.

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28

LUKYANOV, V. K., and E. V. ZEMLYANAYA. "HIGH-ENERGY APPROXIMATION FOR NUCLEUS–NUCLEUS SCATTERING." International Journal of Modern Physics E 10, no. 03 (June 2001): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301301000526.

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The high-energy approximation is adapted for heavy ion scattering at energies of several dozen MeV/nucleon. It is shown that the closed form of the eikonal phase suggested for the realistic Woods–Saxon type potential is a hopeful one for further applications. The Glauber–Sitenko small angle approach is analyzed, and a role of the Coulomb deviation of the straight trajectory of motion is investigated. Methodical calculations and comparison with experimental data are made.

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29

Silver, Joshua. "Heavy-ion physics: Giant nucleus at Darmstadt?" Nature 315, no. 6017 (May 1985): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315276a0.

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30

FRIEDLANDER, E. M., F. S. NAVARRA, and R. M. WEINER. "SUBTHRESHOLD MULTIPLE PION PRODUCTION IN NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 03, no. 15 (November 1988): 1461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388001756.

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With the intermediate energy heavy ion accelerators which will begin operation soon, multiple subthreshold pion production will become more feasible. We derive within a geometrical model the distribution function of available energy for particle production of secondaries and calculate the ratio between the probability of double and single pion production in subthreshold processes. This quantity is model dependent and its measurement could thus help in discriminating between different models.

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31

Osman, Ahmed, and A. A. Farra. "Contributions of density-dependent interactions in heavy-ion transfer reactions." Canadian Journal of Physics 72, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1994): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p94-028.

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Heavy-ion reactions with particle transfer are studied using the distorted-wave Born-approximation formalism. Different forms of the distorting optical model potentials are introduced in the initial and final channels. The form factors of the reactions are presented explicitly using modified real Woods–Saxon potentials for the nucleus–nucleus bound-state interactions in the entrance and exit channels. The differential cross sections of heavy-ion transfer reations are calculated numerically using the double-folding model for distorting potentials with an effective density-dependent nucleon–nucleon interaction. The present analyses of the angular distributions introduce good descriptions of the experimental data. The observed backward oscillations are described successfully by the explicit inclusion of the density- and the parity-dependent terms in the distorting optical-model potential calculations. The values of the extracted spectroscopic factors and normalization coefficients obtained are reasonable.

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32

Sadhu, Samrangy. "Study of in-Medium Energy Loss with Heavy-Flavour Correlations in pp and Pb-Pb Collisions with ALICE at the LHC." Proceedings 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019010043.

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The azimuthal correlations between heavy-flavour hadrons or heavy-flavour decay electrons with charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions give insight on the modification of charm-jet properties in nucleus-nucleus collisions and the mechanisms through which heavy quarks in-medium energy-loss takes place. Studies in pp collisions, besides constituting the necessary baseline for nucleus-nucleus measurements, are important for testing expectations from pQCD-inspired Monte Carlo generators. In ALICE heavy-flavour hadrons are studied via their fully reconstructed hadronic decays (D mesons and Λ c baryon), via semileptonic decays of charmed baryons ( Λ c , Ξ c ) and via leptons coming from heavy-flavour hadron decays. In particular in the central barrel, η < | 0 . 8 | , the electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays are investigated. This proceeding will include the study of azimuthal correlations of D mesons with charged particles in pp collisions and heavy-flavour decay electrons with charged particles in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at different energies available at the LHC. The Experimental results will also be compared with the expectations from POWHEG and PYTHIA event generators.

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33

Nasim, Md, Roli Esha, and Huan Zhong Huang. "An Experimental Review on Heavy-Flavorv2in Heavy-Ion Collision." Advances in High Energy Physics 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7140231.

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For over a decade now, the primary purpose of relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been to study the properties of QCD matter under extreme conditions—high temperature and high density. The heavy-ion experiments at both RHIC and LHC have recorded a wealth of data in p+p, p+Pb, d+Au, Cu+Cu, Cu+Au, Au+Au, Pb+Pb, and U+U collisions at energies ranging fromsNN=7.7 GeV to 7 TeV. Heavy quarks are considered good probe to study the QCD matter created in relativistic collisions due to their very large mass and other unique properties. A precise measurement of various properties of heavy-flavor hadrons provides an insight into the fundamental properties of the hot and dense medium created in these nucleus-nucleus collisions, such as transport coefficient and thermalization and hadronization mechanisms. The main focus of this paper is to present a review on the measurements of azimuthal anisotropy of heavy-flavor hadrons and to outline the scientific opportunities in this sector due to future detector upgrade. We will mainly discuss the elliptic flow of open charmed meson (D-meson),J/ψ, and leptons from heavy-flavor decay at RHIC and LHC energy.

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34

Świαtecki, Władysław J., Krystyna Siwek-Wilczyńska, and Janusz Wilczyński. "The Physics of Nucleus - Nucleus Fusion and Synthesis of Super Heavy Nuclei." Old and New Concepts of Physics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 645–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10005-007-0048-1.

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35

Beraudo, A., W. M. Alberico, A. De Pace, A. Molinari, M. Monteno, M. Nardi, and F. Prino. "Heavy-quark Langevin dynamics and single-electron spectra in nucleus-nucleus collisions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 270 (January 1, 2011): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/270/1/012029.

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36

Denisov, V. Yu, and O. I. Davidovskaya. "Elastic scattering of heavy nuclei and nucleus-nucleus potential with repulsive core." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 73, no. 3 (March 2010): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778810030026.

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37

ROWLEY, NEIL, and NABILA GRAR. "MEASURING CAPTURE CROSS SECTIONS FOR HEAVY-ELEMENT PRODUCTION." International Journal of Modern Physics E 13, no. 01 (February 2004): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301304002077.

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The creation of the nucleus of a superheavy element follows an extremely complex reaction path starting with the crossing of an external potential barrier (or distribution of barriers). This is followed by the evolution towards an equilibrated compound nucleus, which takes place in competition with pre-compound-nucleus fission (quasi-fission). Once formed the equilibrated compound nucleus must still survive against true fusion to yield a relatively long-lived evaporation residue. Much of this path is poorly understood, though recently, progress has been made on the role of the entrance-channel in quasi-fission. This will be briefly reported and a method proposed to measure the total capture cross section for such systems directly.

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38

Abrosimov, V. I., and O. I. Davydovska. "Nature of Isoscalar Dipole Resonances in Heavy Nuclei." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, no. 12 (December 9, 2018): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.12.1043.

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The isoscalar dipole nuclear response reveals low- and high-energy resonances. The nature of isoscalar dipole resonances in heavy spherical nuclei is studied, by using a translation-invariant kinetic model of small oscillations of finite Fermi systems. Calculations of the velocity field at the centroid energy show a pure vortex character of the low-energy isoscalar dipole resonance in spherical nuclei and confirm the anisotropic compression character of the high-energy one. The evolution of the velocity field as a function of the excitation energy of the nucleus within the resonance width is studied. It is found that the low-energy isoscalar dipole resonance retains a vortex character, while with this collective excitation also involves a compression, as the energy increases. The high-energy resonance keeps the compression character with a change in the excitation energy within the resonance width, but the compression-expansion region of the velocity field related to this resonance shifts inside the nucleus.

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39

Ismail, M., A. Y. Ellithi, A. Adel, and Hisham Anwer. "Structural properties of heavy and superheavy nuclei in a semi-microscopic approach." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 01 (January 2016): 1650004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830131650004x.

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The structure of some heavy and superheavy nuclei with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is studied using a semi-microscopic model. In this approach, the macroscopic energy part of the total energy of a nucleus is obtained from the Skyrme nucleon–nucleon interaction in the semi-classical extended Thomas–Fermi approach. The microscopic shell-plus pairing correction energies are calculated in Strutinsky’s approach. Within this semi-microscopic approach, the total energy surfaces are investigated in multidimensional deformation space. For each nucleus, the model predictions for the binding energy, deformation energy, the deformation parameters and comparison with other theoretical models are presented. The proposed model shows a significant consistency with other models, and it is found to be successful in reproducing the structural properties of nuclei in heavy and superheavy region.

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Osman, Ahmed, and A. A. Farra. "Erratum: Contributions of density-dependent interactions in heavy-ion transfer reactions." Canadian Journal of Physics 72, no. 9-10 (September 1, 1994): 686–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p94-090.

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Heavy-ion reactions with particle transfer are studied using the distorted-wave Born-approximation formalism. Different forms of the distorting optical model potentials are introduced in the initial and final channels. The form factors of the reactions are presented explicitly using modified real Woods–Saxon potentials for the nucleus–nucleus bound-state interactions in the entrance and exit channels. The differential cross sections of heavy-ion transfer reations are calculated numerically using the double-folding model for distorting potentials with an effective density-dependent nucleon–nucleon interaction. The present analyses of the angular distributions introduce good descriptions of the experimental data. The observed backward oscillations are described successfully by the explicit inclusion of the density- and the parity-dependent terms in the distorting optical-model potential calculations. The values of the extracted spectroscopic factors and normalization coefficients obtained are reasonable.

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White, John W., and Ailsa B. White. "The Neutron – The Curie Family's Legacy." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 7 (2011): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11214.

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This article is concerned with the scientific developments that led to the discovery of the neutron by Sir James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge in 1932. The Rutherford atom with a heavy nucleus and the problem of the ‘intra-nuclear’ electrons (needed to reconcile nuclear mass and charge) coupled with Marie Curie's discovery of radium as a prime example of natural radioactivity coming from the nucleus were key milestones. Frédéric Joliot and Irène Curie–Joliot almost discovered the neutron in 1931. But the predisposition of the thinking in Chadwick's laboratory allowed conclusive identification of the emission of a heavy neutral particle to be published about a month after the Curie–Joliot experiment. Their Nobel Prize came a few years later with the discovery of artificial radioactivity.

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ISMAIL, M., A. Y. ELLITHI, H. EL GEBALY, M. M. BOTROS, and A. ADEL. "ON THE SHARP SURFACE MODEL FOR COULOMB AND NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TWO DEFORMED NUCLEI." International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, no. 03 (March 2010): 371–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301310014807.

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The Coulomb and nuclear heavy ion (HI) potentials are derived for an interacting pair of deformed nuclei assuming sharp surface model for each nucleus. The orientation and separation dependences of the Coulomb and nuclear interactions are studied. It is assumed 238 U + 238 U as an example, and the effect of quadrupole term is investigated. For the nuclear potential part based on M3Y nucleon–nucleon interaction, the sharp surface model shows much difference compared with the more accurate frequently used multipole expansion method while the success of this model in calculating the Coulomb potential between this deformed pair of nuclei exists in the physically important surface region.

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El-DAHSHAN, EL-SAYED, AMR RADI, and MAHMOUD Y. El-BAKRY. "GENETIC PROGRAMING MODELING FOR NUCLEUS–NUCLEUS COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 20, no. 11 (November 2009): 1817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183109014758.

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High Energy Physics (HEP), due to the vast and complex data expected from current and future experiments, is in need of powerful and efficient techniques for various analysis tasks. Genetic Programing (GP) is a powerful technique that can be used such complex tasks. In this paper, Genetic programing is used for modeling the functions that describe the pseudo-rapidity distribution of the shower particles for 12 C , 16 O , 28 Si and 32 S on nuclear emulsion and also to predict the distributions that are not present in the training set and matched them effectively. The proposed method shows a better fitting with experimental data. The GP prediction results prove a strong presence modeling in heavy ion collisions.

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Stecka, E., M. Krajewska, and B. Gabara. "Calcium effect on the content of DNA and NYS-stained nuclear, nucleolar and cytoplasmic proteins in cortex cells of pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots treated with heavy metals." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 64, no. 3 (2014): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1995.031.

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Using cytophotometric procedures, following Feulgen-NYS staining, the measurements of DNA and nuclear, nucleolar and cytoplasmic protein contents in cortex cells of pea roots growing for 144 h in calcium and/or heavy metals (Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>) presence were made. All tested metals treatment reduced the number of nuclei in 4C DNA class and induced appearance of nuclei with DNA amount below 2C, that was expressed in diminished DNA content. The level of NYS proteins in cells underwent also reduction. In lead presence protein content diminished in nucleus. On the other hand, increased amount of nuclear, nucleolar and cytoplasmic proteins was observed in material treated with cadmium while only of nucleolar protein content in chromium presence. In root cells treated with tested metals protein content in nucleus was related with ploidy level, disturbances in this relation appeared in nucleolus and mostly in cytoplasm. Calcium added to chromium and mostly to lead solutions diminished the toxic effect of these metals that was demonstrated by an increase in DNA content, although calcium alone reduced DNA amount in nucleus due to lower number of 4C nuclei accompanied by appearance of 1C and 1-2C DNA classes. Calcium in different ways affected protein content changed by metal treatment. Present in cadmium solution it caused a further reduction in protein content in nucleus, nucleolus and cytoplasm but increased nuclear and cytoplasmic protein when added to lead, and nucleolar proteins - in chromium solution. Moreover, calcium ions presence in metal solutions did not restore the relationship between ploidy level and nucleolar and cytoplasmic NYS stained proteins and it did not disturbe the relation existing in nucleus.

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Dutta, Nirupam, and Nicolas Borghini. "Sequential suppression of quarkonia and high-energy nucleus–nucleus collisions." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 37 (November 16, 2015): 1550205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315502053.

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According to the usual application of the sequential-suppression picture to the dynamics of heavy quarkonia in the hot medium formed in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions, quark–antiquark pairs created in a given bound or unbound state remain in that same state as the medium evolves. We argue that this scenario implicitly assumes an adiabatic evolution of the quarkonia and we show that the validity of the adiabaticity assumption is questionable.

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AHMAD, I., and M. A. ALVI. "EIKONAL PHENOMENOLOGY FOR HEAVY-ION SCATTERING AT INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 13, no. 06 (December 2004): 1225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301304002685.

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Working within the framework of the Coulomb modified Glauber model and the optical limit approximation, we propose a phenomenological method of analysis for heavy-ion elastic scattering data at intermediate energies. Instead of using the commonly employed Gaussian approximation for the input NN amplitude that is deficient in some respects at low intermediate energies, we evaluate it in terms of a three parameter phenomenological NN phase shift function. The application of the method to some 12 C -nucleus and 16 O -nucleus systems shows that a very good description of the elastic scattering data at several energies can be obtained in this way. In particular, the 12 C –12 C elastic scattering data at 200 MeV/nucleon is very well reproduced. We also calculate the effective NN potential using the phenomenological NN phase shift function by the method of inversion. The calculated potential shows the expected behavior and is found to vary smoothly with energy.

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ABUMURAD, K. M. "PION PRODUCTION DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTION OF HEAVY ION COLLISIONS AT SUBTHRESHOLD ENERGIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 26 (October 20, 1993): 4667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93001879.

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The Lorentz-invariant differential cross section (LIDCS) for π production in heavy ion collisions was studied through the two-step process, NN→NΔ→NNπ. A phenomenological interaction potential containing central and tensor terms was used. The effect of inclusion of the tensor term on the LIDCS was little. The target nucleus 12C was excited to one of its giant resonance states, Jπ=1+, T=1, while the projectile nucleus 16O was excited to an isobar Δ (M=1232 MeV , ΓΔ=115.11 MeV ) which decayed (NΔ→NNπ), giving a nucleon and a pion mπ=138 MeV . In comparison with available experimental data, the shape was reproduced, but the theoretical results were higher.

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Eliseev, Sergey M., and Bekhzad S. Yuldashev. "Monte Carlo model for neutrino-nucleus interactions: past, present and future." EPJ Web of Conferences 204 (2019): 06013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920406013.

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Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the correct theory of strong interactions. The main direction of investigations in physics of elementary particles and nuclear physics is testing of QCD. QCD predicts that at high energy density there will be a transformation from ordinary nuclear matter to a plasma of free quarks and gluons, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). In order to reach new knowledge of QCD from the interaction of relativistic heavy ions, one needs directly comparable data sets from systems of various sizes, different energies and different experimental probes. Lepton-nucleus scattering provides a nontrivial possibility to study space-time evolution of jets inside the nuclear matter. Using QCD-inspired time dependent cross sections for pre-hadrons we have introduced a space-time model for propagation and hadronization of quark and gluon jets in the nuclear matter in DIS. The aim of this work is to examine a multiproduction process of charged-current deep inelastic vμ-nucleus and nuclear emulsion scattering and estimate quantitatively the value of the formation time. These studies may help to explain the jet quenching in heavy ion collisions. In conclusion, the role of neutrino generators in modern neutrino experiments with nuclear targets will be discussed.

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JACHIMOWICZ, P., M. KOWAL, P. ROZMEJ, J. SKALSKI, and A. SOBICZEWSKI. "NON-AXIAL OCTUPOLE DEFORMATION OF A HEAVY NUCLEUS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 04 (April 2009): 1088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309013300.

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The effect of the non-axial octupole deformation a32(Y32+Y3-2) of heavy nuclei on their potential energy is studied. The study is performed within a macroscopic-microscopic approach. It is found that the largest effect appears for the nucleus 238 Fm and consists in a lowering of the energy by more than 3 MeV with respect to the energy at the spherical configuration.

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Noumi, H. "Sigma-nucleus interactions in medium to heavy nuclei." Nuclear Physics A 721 (June 2003): C995—C998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(03)01268-5.

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