Academic literature on the topic 'Hebrew paleography'

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Journal articles on the topic "Hebrew paleography"

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Droby, Ahmad, Irina Rabaev, Daria Vasyutinsky Shapira, Berat Kurar Barakat, and Jihad El-Sana. "Digital Hebrew Paleography: Script Types and Modes." Journal of Imaging 8, no. 5 (May 21, 2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8050143.

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Paleography is the study of ancient and medieval handwriting. It is essential for understanding, authenticating, and dating historical texts. Across many archives and libraries, many handwritten manuscripts are yet to be classified. Human experts can process a limited number of manuscripts; therefore, there is a need for an automatic tool for script type classification. In this study, we utilize a deep-learning methodology to classify medieval Hebrew manuscripts into 14 classes based on their script style and mode. Hebrew paleography recognizes six regional styles and three graphical modes of scripts. We experiment with several input image representations and network architectures to determine the appropriate ones and explore several approaches for script classification. We obtained the highest accuracy using hierarchical classification approach. At the first level, the regional style of the script is classified. Then, the patch is passed to the corresponding model at the second level to determine the graphical mode. In addition, we explore the use of soft labels to define a value we call squareness value that indicates the squareness/cursiveness of the script. We show how the graphical mode labels can be redefined using the squareness value. This redefinition increases the classification accuracy significantly. Finally, we show that the automatic classification is on-par with a human expert paleographer.
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Faigenbaum-Golovin, Shira, Arie Shaus, Barak Sober, Israel Finkelstein, David Levin, Murray Moinester, Eli Piasetzky, and Eli Turkel. "Computerized Paleographic Investigation of Hebrew Iron Age Ostraca." Radiocarbon 57, no. 2 (2015): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_rc.57.18565.

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This article surveys ongoing research of the Legibility Enhancement of Ostraca (LEO) team of Tel Aviv University in the field of computerized paleography of Hebrew Iron Age ink-written ostraca. We perform paleographic tasks using tools from the fields of image processing and machine learning. Several new techniques serving this aim, as well as an adaptation of existing ones, are described herein. This includes testing a range of signal-acquisition methodologies, out of which multispectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy have matured into imaging systems. In addition, we deal with semior fully automated facsimile construction and refinement, facsimile, and character evaluation, as well as the reconstruction of broken character strokes. We conclude with future research directions, addressing some of the long-standing epigraphic questions, such as the number of scribes in specific corpora or detection of chronological concurrences and inconsistencies.
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Kerschen, David. "Hebrew Codicology: An Introduction." Judaica Librarianship 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2000): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/2330-2976.1153.

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The codex or so-called manuscript book, the precursor to the printed book, thrived in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The task of the codicologist is to analyze and describe the physical features סf the codex, or in the words סf Professor Malachi Beit-Arie, Director of the Hebrew Paleography Project at the Jewish National University Library in Jerusalem, to conduct an "archaeological examination" of a codex so that it may be correctly localized and dated. This paper explains and illustrates the most prominent features of Hebrew codicology.
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Dayfani, Hila. "The Relationship between Paleography and Textual Criticism: Textual Variants Due to Graphic Similarity between the Masoretic Text and the Samaritan Pentateuch as a Test Case." Textus 27, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589255x-02701001.

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AbstractAlmost from the inception of the textual analysis of the Hebrew Bible, scholars recognized that certain textual variants were caused by the interchange of letters bearing graphic similarity. This article focuses on a small number of interchanges between the Masoretic Text (MT) and the Samaritan Pentateuch (SP) and studies their possible paleographic context. The central claim of the paper is that it is possible to identify the scripts used in which the changes occurred and in some instances, even the specific stage of development of the script. The paleographic conclusion that arises from the evidence presented is that the Samaritan version developed from earlier versions that were transmitted in Paleo-Hebrew and in square script, or that the Samaritan version was transmitted in its early stages in both of these scripts. The SP itself reached us in a still later script, the Samaritan script, which developed from the Paleo-Hebrew script.
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Mazniak, María M., and Oxana V. Tikhonova. "On the paleography of Spanish texts in the Hebrew script: Designation of sibilants." Acta Linguistica Petropolitana 18-3 (2022): 153–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/alp23065737183153180.

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Pang, Tatiana A. "Two Manchu-Chinese <i>Gaoming</i> 誥命 Diplomas from the Collection of Nikolay Petrovich Likhachev." Written Monuments of the Orient 9, no. 1(17) (June 25, 2023): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55512/wmo465750.

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Nikolay P. Likhachev (18621936) was an outstanding specialist in diplomacy, sphragistics, numismatics, paleography and codicology of ancient and medieval manuscripts. His collection of various documents was exhibited in the Museum of Paleography that he founded in 1925. The Museum was closed in 1930, and manuscripts in Oriental languages were sent to the forerunner of the present IOM, RAS. Among the documents in Arabic, Syrian, Coptic, Hebrew, Ethiopian, Persian, Armenian, Georgian, Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, Japanese and other languages there were two Manchu-Chinese diplomas. The diplomas were acquired by N.P. Likhachev from different people. The first one is dated by 1682, and bestows the civil official Yatu the 4th rank title zhongxian dafu, and his wife from the Tunggo clan a corresponding title. The second diploma is dated by 1881. According to its Chinese text, the patent of nobility is given to the official Wei Zhu and his wife from the Liu clan. The Manchu text of this diploma does not make sense, since it is a combination of disconnected phrases. It could be assumed that it was put into the diploma as a formal, decorative part of an official document which was supposed to be in two languages. The second diploma was issued almost at the end of the Qing empire, when the Manchu language was sometimes used as a formal attribute to the official court documents for the Chinese subjects. This statement is supported by other late Manchu-Chinese diplomas from the collection of the IOM, RAS. The article publishes two Manchu-Chinese diplomas from the collection of N.P. Likhachev with transcription and translation of the texts.
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Mathiesen, Robert. "The Characters (Χαρακτῆρες) of the Glagolitic Alphabet: New Light on an Old Puzzle." Slavistica Vilnensis 65, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2020.65(2).44.

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The article calls attention to a neglected source for the over-all “look and feel” of the Glagolitic alphabet as it was first created by Constantine the Philosopher circa 863 ad. This source is the variant forms of the Greek and other alphabets (including Hebrew and Arabic) that consist of so-called Brillenbuchstabe (otherwise charactères à lunettes or ring-letters). These variant alphabets were employed chiefly for esoteric purposes, including astrological and magical ones. Because of their limited use, they have largely been overlooked in standard handbooks of Greek and Oriental paleography. An interest in such subjects as astrology and magic comports poorly with routine assumptions about the inner lives of Medieval Saints such as Constantine. Relying on the extant primary sources for Constantine’s life, however, the article shows that his education, interests and mystical inclinations make a familiarity with some of these esoteric alphabets virtually certain. Thus it is historically plausible that such alphabets were among the inspirations for the general style, that is, the “look and feel”, of the letters of Constantine’s original glagolitic alphabet. (This article supplements the author’s earlier study from 2014, “A New Reconstruction of the Original Glagolitic Alphabet”.)
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Iakerson, Shimon M. "Who was collecting Hebrew books in the capital of Russian Empire and why." Письменные памятники Востока 18, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/wmo63141.

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By the beginning of the 20th century a unique collection of Hebrew manuscripts (more than 20000 units) and first printed books was formed in the capital of the Russian Empire. These books ended up in St.Petersburg as part of several private collections, such as the collection of a Protestant paleographer and Biblical scholar Konstantin von Tischendorf, of the Karaite leader Avraam Firkovich, of the Archimandrite Antonin Kapustin, of the Barons Gnzburg, of a First Guild merchant Moses Aryeh Leib Friedland and of an Orientalist Professor Daniel Chwolson. The history of these collections and the motives of the collecting activity of their owners are the subject of this article.
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Bartolozzi, Giovanni, Andrea Casini, Lisa Castelli, Costanza Cucci, Francesco Grazzi, Anna Mazzinghi, Irene Pieralli, et al. "The Non-Invasive Spectroscopic Study of a Parchment Object from the National Central Library of Florence: The Hebrew Scroll." Heritage 7, no. 1 (January 2, 2024): 206–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage7010011.

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The Hebrew Scroll, catalogued as Magliabekian Manuscript III 43 and belonging to the National Central Library of Florence (BNCF), is a membranous richly decorated scroll, with colorful depictions of sacred sites through the Holy Land to Lebanon along with handwritten texts in Hebrew and notes in Italian. Despite the fact that the manuscript was originally catalogued as an “object of no artistic or scientific value”, recent paleographic studies dated it to the XIV century and highlighted it as the oldest scroll still available, depicting holy places from Egypt to Lebanon. Nevertheless, precise dating, authorship, and the interpretation of its original function are still uncertain. A suite of complementary techniques was used, including photographic documentation in visible (VIS) light in diffuse light, grazing light, and transillumination, luminescence induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, imaging spectroscopy (IS), Macro Area X-ray Fluorescence (MA-XRF), and spot analyses such as fiber-optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) in the UV, VIS, and near-infrared (NIR) regions, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) in external reflectance mode (ER), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The results of the non-invasive diagnostic campaign enabled the identification of several constituting materials (parchment, pigments, binder, and inks). The identified materials were consistent with the proposed dating and geographical manufacturing area of the artefact.
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Belkina, Ekaterina M. "Medieval or Early Pre-Modern? Dating Several Fragments from a Judeo-Persian Manuscript (C40 Hebrew, the IOM RAS)." Orientalistica 4, no. 5 (December 27, 2021): 1219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2021-4-5-1219-1237.

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The article examines some paleographic and codicological aspects of several fragments of the undated manuscript C40 from the Hebrew Collection in the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IOM RAS). This is a codex of Shahin's Musa-name, formed from some different, scattered fragments. Apparently, three large fragments of this manuscript are taken from medieval codices, which were gathered by one person (the so-called “restorer”) in the 19th century. Judging from the results of their comparative and historical analysis, one can suggest some possibilities for dating of each fragment. The author dates these fragments back to the late 15th early 16th centuries C.E. According to her, they were transcribed in the region where the cities of Qum and Kashan are located (the current provinces of Qum and Isfahan in Iran). Unfortunately, it is hardly possible to provide a more accurate localization. However, several dated and previously studied Jewish manuscripts from this period and this area have nearly the same attributes, quality, or characteristics of the writing material and the type of writing, as well as some textual pattern.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hebrew paleography"

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Longacre, Drew. "A contextualized approach to the Hebrew Dead Sea Scrolls containing Exodus." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5780/.

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This thesis suggests a new approach to studying the Hebrew-language Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) containing Exodus. After surveying the history of research, Longacre suggests applying a contextualized approach to the study of these scrolls, which seeks to understand them first as individual material artefacts and then in comparison to other manuscripts which are most closely contextually connected to them. Each manuscript is only subsequently compared with increasingly contextually distant manuscripts according to a hierarchy of contextual proximity. A network of close contextual connections between the Hebrew DSS containing Exodus warrant the isolation of this corpus as a test case for application of a contextualized approach. Based on new transcriptions and reconstructions of each of the included manuscripts (1Q2 2Q2 2Q3 2Q4 4Q1 4Q11 4Q13 4Q14 4Q17 4Q18 4Q19 4Q20 4Q21 4Q22 4Q158 4Q364 4Q365 4Q366 Mur1), Longacre then analyzes patterns that emerge from a comparison of the characteristics of each of these manuscripts. Finally, from a close examination of textual overlaps from a wide variety of qualitative and quantitative perspectives, Longacre suggests several specific groups and clusters of texts and synthesizes them to provide clearer insight into the documented Hebrew-language textual history of the book of Exodus.
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Parker, Heather Dana Davis. "Scribal education in iron age Israel." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p062-0270.

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Mascolo, Maria Giuseppina. "Épigraphie hébraïque dans l’archive de Cesare Colafemmina." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP036.

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L’objet de la thèse consiste en la présentation aux chercheurs du corpus le plus complet possible du patrimoine épigraphique juif des Pouilles et de Basilicate – la zone la plus riche de témoignages juifs de toutes les autres régions du Sud de l’Italie, de l’Antiquité tardive au Moyen-âge –, grâce au catalogage détaillé du matériel subsistant et introuvable. Il s’agit pour cela de confronter les éditions de Cesare Colafemmina (Archivio CeRDEM-Centro Ricerche e Documentazione sull’Ebraismo C. Colafemmina), aux données provenant de nouvelles enquêtes sur le territoire, aux documents d’archives des apographes et aux Fonds photographiques non publiés, en particulier ceux de Nikolaus Müller (Glasplattendias jüdischer Katakombeninschriften - “Sammlung Nikolaus Müller”, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) et de Rocco Briscese (Archivio privato Briscese, Comune di Venosa). La thèse comprend une centaine de Fiches (« Schede ») paléographiques qui analysent pour la première fois en détail les aspects de la paléographie de toute la série des stèles juives. Un des objectifs regarde l'analyse de l'évolution de l’écriture de l’Hébreu, en comparant le matériel épigraphique des Pouilles et de la Basilicate avec le développement de la culture juive du sud de la péninsule italienne entre terre d’origine (Ereṣ Yiśra’el), Méditerranée et Europe du Nord. Les données épigraphiques signalées dans le passé ont été étudiées dans le détail et puis comparées avec les épitaphes encore existant aujourd’hui. L’inventaire des inscriptions perdues a été dresse Ont été utilisées des données épigraphiques signalées dans le passé (XVIIIe-XIXe siècles) pour les comparer avec celles d’aujourd’hui pour dresser l’inventaire des inscriptions perdues. Les reproductions encore existantes ont été identifiées pour dresser un état des lieux et une liste complète mise à jour
The thesis consists in presenting researchers with the most complete as possible corpus of the Jewish epigraphic heritage of Puglia and Basilicata – the area with the greatest amount of Jewish material in all the regions of Southern Italy from late antiquity to the Middle Ages - thanks to the cataloguing of existing and hard to find material, through the comparison of Cesare Colafemmina’s findings (Archivio CeRDEM-Centro Ricerche e Documentazione sull’Ebraismo C. Colafemmina) and the data from the new investigation on the territory, archive documents, apographs and photographic archive, in particular of Nikolaus Müller (Glasplattendias jüdischer Katakombeninschriften - "Sammlung Nikolaus Müller", Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) and Rocco Briscese (Archivio Privato Briscese, Comune di Venosa). The thesis includes one hundred paleographic SCHEDE which, for the first time analyze in detail those aspects linked to the paleography of the entire series of Jewish steles. The project focuses on the evolution of Hebrew script, based on the comparative analysis of the epigraphic material of Puglia and Basilicata in relation to the development of Jewish culture in southern peninsular Italy between Ereṣ Yiśra’el, the Mediterranean and Northern Europe. Among the objectives: the creation of a catalog of this corpus of “stele”. In particular, the project started with Jewish inscriptions already reported in the past (18th-19th century) to compare them with the ones still in existence. The reproductions of the lost inscriptions have been found when possible in order to draw up an up to date inventory
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Friedler, Myriam. "Les différentes versions du Midrash Séder Eliyahou." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3090.

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Cette thèse a cherché à présenter une description des versions de Midrash Séder Eliyahou tout en se polarisant sur la recherche de la version authentique, aussi précise que possible. Cette étude interdisciplinaire tente d'allier les aspects paléographiques des manuscrits, la langue hébraïque ainsi que la littérature comparée. Le corpus de ce Midrash contient six éléments manuscrits. Seul le Codex, BAV, Vat. ebr. 31 est complet et en excellent état. Les trois éditions imprimées complètes, sont celles de : Venise (1598), première édition, copie d'un incunable, Prague (1677) et de Vienne (1901), l'édition critique de Friedman, basée sur BAV, Vat. ebr.31. Nous avons choisi ce dernier comme référent. Nous proposons l'hypothèse suivante : La fidélité est pas uniforme, il y a deux dimensions de fidélité, pouvant sembler contradictoires : paléographique et / ou exégétique. L'étude de sources de la Genizah génère deux cas de figure possibles : Il y aurait soit une seule famille du Midrash Séder Eliyahou, plus ou moins fidèles à la version de BAV, Vat. ebr. 31. Soit il existerait une autre version de SER, inconnue et divergente de celle de Vatican 31, générant une ou plusieurs autres familles de manuscrits. Si la seconde hypothèse se vérifie, il pourrait s'agir d'un Midrash en formation. La version occidentale est entièrement développée et fixée tandis que la version orientale aurait été transmise oralement sans avoir atteint sa forme définitive
This thesis has sought to present a description of the versions of Midrash Seder Eliyyahu while polarizing on the search for the authentic version, as accurate as possible. This interdisciplinary study tries to use the palaeographic aspects of the manuscripts, the Hebrew language as well as comparative literature. The corpus of this Midrash contains six manuscripts elements. Only the Codex BAV, Vat. ebr. 31 is complete and in excellent condition. The three printed editions complete, are those of: Venice (1598), first edition, copy of incunabula, Prague (1677) and Vienna (1901), the critical edition of Friedman, based on BAV, Vat. ebr.31. This manuscript version was chosen as a referent. We propose the following hypothesis: The fidelity is not uniform, there are two loyalty dimensions, may seem contradictory : paleographic or/and exegetical. The study of the sources from the Genizah generated two possible cases : There would be only one family of the Midrash Seder Eliyyahu, referring to the version of BAV, Vat. ebr. 31. Either exist another version of SER, unknown and divergent from the Vatican 31, which will form one or more other family of manuscripts. If this second assumption proves true, Seder Eliyyahu could be a processing Midrash. The Western version is fully developed and secured while the eastern version be transmitted orally and not having reached its final form
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Books on the topic "Hebrew paleography"

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Shṿarts, Yoʼel ben Aharon. Sefer ha-Ketav ṿeha-mikhtav: Toldot ha-ketav ṿekha-yotse bo bi-yeme ḳedem uve-yamenu ṿa-ḥashivuto le-ʻam Yiśraʼel ṿela-enoshut kulah. Yerushalayim: Devar Yerushalayim, Zikhron Tsevi, 2003.

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I︠A︡kerson, S. M. Ot︠s︡ar sefarad--Sefardskai︡a︡ sokrovishchnit︠s︡a: Sefardskai︠a︡ kniga X-XV vv. ot rukopisnoĭ k pechatnoĭ traditsii = Ozar Sepharad--Sephardic treasury. Sankt-Peterburg: Filologicheskiĭ fakultet, Sankt-Peterburgskiĭ Universitet, 2015.

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Institute, European University, and Médiathèque de l'agglomération troyenne, eds. A la rencontre des manuscrits hébreux. Troyes: Institut universitaire européen Rachi, 2008.

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Sassoon, Solomon David. Meḥḳar maḳif ʻal ketav yado shel ha-Rambam. [Jerusalem]: [ḥ. mo. l.], 1990.

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Olszowy-Schlanger, Judith. Les manuscrits hébreux dans l'Angleterre médievale: Étude historique et paléographique. Paris: Peeters, 2000.

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Zuckerman, Bruce. Puzzling out the past: Making sense of ancient inscriptions from biblical times : an exhibition at the Dubin/Wolf Exhibition Center, Wilshire Boulevard Temple, April 5th to November 15th, 1987. Los Angeles, California]: [West Semitic Research Project], 1987.

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Jewish Theological Seminary of America. and Yivo Institute for Jewish Research., eds. Evreĭskai͡a srednevekovai͡a kniga: Kodikologicheskie, paleograficheskie i knigovedcheskie aspekty. Moskva: Rossiĭskiĭ gos. gumanitarnyĭ universitet, 2003.

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Beit-Arié, Malachi. The makings of the medieval Hebrew book: Studies in palaeography and codicology. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1993.

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Sassoon, Solomon David. Meḥḳar maḳif ʻal ketav yado shel ha-Rambam. Yerushalayim: D.S. Śaśon, 1990.

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Phillips, David Lee. The Samaritan Version of the Book of Numbers with Hebrew Variants: A Close Textual Study. Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hebrew paleography"

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Droby, Ahmad, Berat Kurar Barakat, Daria Vasyutinsky Shapira, Irina Rabaev, and Jihad El-Sana. "VML-HP: Hebrew Paleography Dataset." In Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2021, 205–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86337-1_14.

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Droby, Ahmad, Daria Vasyutinsky Shapira, Irina Rabaev, Berat Kurar Barakat, and Jihad El-Sana. "Hard and Soft Labeling for Hebrew Paleography: A Case Study." In Document Analysis Systems, 492–506. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06555-2_33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hebrew paleography"

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Shaus, Arie, and Eli Turkel. "Towards Letter Shape Prior and Paleographic Tables Estimation in Hebrew First Temple Period Ostraca." In HIP2017: The 4th International Workshop on Historical Document Imaging and Processing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3151509.3151511.

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