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Nogwanya, Thembalethu. "Feasibility of Nuclear Plasma Interaction studies with the Activation Technique." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6440.
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Magister Scientiae - MSc (Physics)Electron-mediated nuclear plasma interactions (NPIs), such as Nuclear Excitation by Electron Capture (NEEC) or Transition (NEET), can have a signi cant impact on nuclear cross sections in High Energy Density Plasmas (HEDPs). HEDP environments are found in nuclear weapons tests, National Ignition Facility (NIF) shots and in the cosmos where nucleosynthesis takes place. This thesis explores the impact of NPIs on highly excited nuclei. This impact is understood to be more intense in highly-excited nuclei states in the quasi-contiuum which is populated by nuclear reactions prior to their decay by spontaneous -ray emission.
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Fazio, Steve, and Tom DeGomez. "Pruning Hedges to Provide Screening." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560972.
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Revised; Originally Published: 19832 pp.
An ideal hedge for screening patio areas should have dense foliage from the base to the very top of the plants. In order to develop a hedge with these qualities, the gardener should prune the plants in such a manner as to encourage the plants to develop branches and leaves at the lower portion at the time of planting and until the desired height is reached. The procedures for pruning shrubs are simple, but in many instances the basic principles are overlooked or not put into practice simply because the gardener does not want to sacrifice the growth of the plants before they reach the desired height.
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Schuch, Ursula K. "Pruning Shrubs in the Low and Mid-Elevation Deserts in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/593581.
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Revised; Originally published: 10/200910 pp.
This publication presents reasons for pruning, and how and when to prune. Pruning recommendations of individual regional plants are provided and shrubs for formal and informal hedges are listed.
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Engström, Andriette. "I’m sure women use more hedges, I think : A study comparing male and female usage of hedges." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26186.
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This study reexamines Lakoff’s (1973) claim that women use more hedges than men is true. Because of the vast number of hedges, this study focuses on two hedges: I think and I’m sure. It also investigates how the included hedges are used by men and women to express belief and opinion. The study has been carried out with the help of a corpus called British National Corpus 2014 (BNC2014). From this database, authentic conversations that include these hedges in clause-final position have been extracted. By using the extracted and processed data, a conclusion can be drawn regarding similarities and differences in how often men and women use these hedges and in what context they are used. The results show that Lakoff’s (1973) claim has a certain truth to it, since 63.0% of the valid I think tokens and 67.6% of the valid I’m sure tokens were produced by women. As for the expression of belief or opinion, the results points towards I think and I’m sure upholding traditional gender traits.
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Mak, Ming-chung Mandy, and 麥明宗. "The use of hedges in news interviews." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31949587.
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Strelčiūnas, Eugenijus. "GYVATVORĖS IR JŲ ĮVAIROVĖ PASVALIO MIESTE." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100903_082849-82597.
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Gyvatvorės mus pasiekė nuo neatmenamų laikų. Gyvatvorių funkcijos: oro sudėties gerinimas, oro temperatūros reguliavimas, oro užterštumo dujomis, aerozoliu, dulkėmis mažinimas, triukšmo mažinimas, užuovėjų sudarymas, estetinio vaizdo gerinimas, vėjo greičio mažinimas, saugumas, ribų nustatymas, pastatų ir jų kompleksų aplinkos kompozicijų formavimas, aktualios ir šiais laikais.
Darbo objektas – gyvatvorės, auginamos Pasvalio mieste skirtingo laikmečio privačių namų kvartaluose. Tyrimui pasirinkti du senos statybos (1967-1970 m.) ir du naujos statybos (1989-1990 m.) privačių namų kvartalai. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti Pasvalio miesto individualių namų gyvatvorių funkcijas, tipus, aukščius, augalų įvairovę, įvertinti jų būklę bei palyginti skirtingo laikmečio statybos privačių namų kvartaluose auginamas gyvatvores.
Informacija buvo renkama 2009 m. liepos – rugpjūčio mėn. Tyrimo metu buvo apeitos, apžiūrėtos, išmatuotos ir apibūdintos gyvatvorės. augančios nuo gatvės pusės ar besiribojančios su gatve. Duomenys surašyti į tiriamų gyvatvorių augalų charakteristikos lenteles kuriose nurodyta: gyvatvorės augimo vieta (gatvės pavadinimas, namo numeris), augalo rūšies vardas, augalų būklės įvertinimas (balai), matmenys (ilgis, plotis, aukštis), tipas (laisvai auganti, karpoma (tradicinė, meniška), mišri), funkcijos (ribos, izoliacinė, maskuojanti). Tiriamų gyvatvorių bendras ilgis ~ 2778,5 m.
Nustatyta, kad Pasvalio mieste tirtuose privačių namų kvartaluose gyvatvorėse auginama 18... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Hedges reached us from the time immemorial. The functions of the hedges: the improvement of air composition, temperature’s regulation, the reduction of air impurity with gas, aerosol and dust, the reduction of noise, lee formation, esthetical view improvement, the reduction of wind speed, security, limits’ determination, formation of buildings and their environmental composition of complexes, are relevant and for these days. The object of the research – the hedges are grown up in Pasvalis city in the squares of private houses of different time. For the research the squares of private houses of two old construction’s houses (1967-1970) and two new construction’s houses (1989-1990) were chosen. The objective of the research – to determine the hedges’ function of individual houses, their types, height, plants varieties, to evaluate their condition and to compare the grown hedges in the squares of private houses of different times of construction. The information was gathered on July-August, 2009. During the research the hedges, which grow from the side of street or are adjacent to it were bypassed, examined, measured and described. The data was written on plants characteristics’ tables of tested hedges that indicates: the place of hedge growth (street, house number), plant species, the evaluation of plant condition (scores), measurements (length, width, height), type (freely growing, clipping (traditionally, artistically), mixed), functions (limits, isolating, camouflage)... [to full text]
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Ward, Lacey L. "Profitability of storage hedges for Kansas wheat producers." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19054.
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Master of ScienceAgricultural Economics
John A. Fox
Hard Red Winter Wheat is an extremely important part of the Kansas agricultural industry. In Kansas, this type of wheat is planted in the fall and harvested in mid-June. After harvest, producers have the option to either store or sell their wheat. If they decide to store, the wheat can be stored on-farm or in a commercial facility. Another storage decision is whether to store the wheat hedged or unhedged (speculative) storage. Hedging is a technique to limit the price risk associated with selling or buying commodities. This study compared hedged and speculative decisions for both on-farm and commercial storage scenarios for 108 locations geographically dispersed across Kansas. Wednesday prices were gathered for each location during the 10-year time period from 2004 to 2013. All monthly storage period possibilities from July to May were examined to determine the storage returns potential. All results are displayed as the profit or loss achieved compared to selling in June at harvest. Averages for Kansas were negative or slightly positive for all storage scenarios, but hedged returns showed much less variability in results compared to speculative returns. Regional differences showed that North Central Kansas displayed the highest level of basis improvement over the 10-year period followed by South Central Kansas. A regression analysis using nearby basis in June, harvest price, and futures contract spreads as independent variables and storage returns as a dependent variable showed emphasis on the futures spread having the biggest influence on storage profits.
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Löfgren, Märta. "Nyeds-Hedås 1880-1910 : En bystudie." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-77902.
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Denna uppsats handlar om byn Nyeds-Hedås. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka demografiska förändringar i byn under perioden 1880-1910: hur Hedås befolkningsstorlek, befolkningssammansättning och näringsliv förändrats under tidsperioden samt vilka förändringar som kan kopplas till de stora samhällsförändringar som skett i Sverige som helhet. Materialet har bestått av folkräkningar från åren 1880, 1890, 1900 och 1910, in- och utflyttningslängder och den häradsekonomiska kartan. En kvantitiv och demografisk metod har använts för att sammanställa statistik, utifrån folkräkningarna och in- och utflyttningslängderna, om befolkningsstorlek, ålders- och yrkesstruktur och utflyttningsgrad i byn som sedan analyserats för att komma fram till möjliga kopplingar till samhällsförändringarna i Sverige. Den häradsekonomiska kartan var den enda tillgängliga användbara kartan över byn under tidsperioden och därför har inte två kartor kunnat ställas mot varandra för en direkt jämförelse av förändringar i bebyggelsen. Istället har slutsatser kring bebyggelse och näringsliv grundats i en analys av den enskilda kartan. Mellan åren 1880 och 1910 minskade Hedås befolkning från 216 invånare till 133. Den största orsaken var utflyttning. Det kan konstateras med säkerhet att flera utflyttningar orsakades av emigrationsvågen till Amerika, vilken var aktuell i hela Sverige, men många kan även ha lockats av den höga efterfrågan på arbetskraft inom industrin, grundat i den pågående industrialiseringen. Majoriteten av de utflyttade var kvinnor och många var i ung ålder, vilket reflekteras i en anmärkningsvärd nedgång i den unga befolkningen. Undersökningen har inte visat några stora förändringar i yrkesstruktur då många invånares yrken inte var specificerade i materialet. Byn är lokaliserad där flera vägar som leder till kringliggande byar sammanstrålar. Detta innebär att Hedås troligtvis hade många genomresande och var ett sorts centrum för näringsliv, vilket kan förklara varför bebyggelsen var tätare än byarna runt i kring. Befolkningsminskningen, med minskat utbud och efterfrågan på varor som följd, påverkade troligtvis näringslivet i byn negativt.
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Hegarty, Carol A. "The ecology and management of hedges in Northern Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482019.
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Itani, Reiko. "Semantics and pragmatics of hedges in English and Japanese." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318049/.
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Hedges are expressions used to communicate the speaker's weak commitment to information conveyed; i.e. by hedging, speakers may moderate the assertive force of their utterances. They include sentence adverbials such as probably and technically, adjectives such as regular and typical, particles such as ne and kedo in Japanese etc. Hedges crosscut parts of speech and therefore do not form a natural syntactic class. This thesis argues that existing analyses of hedging devices fall short of full adequacy and presents a Relevance-theoretic account. In Chapter 1, I argue that hedging is a pragmatic phenomenon as the effect may be derived via features of the ostensive stimulus other than encoded linguistic content; e.g. the speaker can communicate her weak commitment by using certain prosodic features, facial expressions, shoulder shrugging etc. Discussions of hedging often arise in sociolinguistic contexts. However, I argue that the moderation of social relations such as the consideration of politeness is not its intrinsic function. The inadequacy of existing analyses I point out in Chapter 1 is due to the lack of a sufficiently articulated pragmatic framework, and for this reason, I turn to Relevance theory. In Chapter 2, I outline Relevance theory which provides a cognitively based explanation of communication. The theory makes rigorous distinctions between encoded meaning and inferred meaning, between the explicit and implicit content of an utterance, between descriptive and interpretive representations, etc. which provide the concepts necessary to isolate the semantics of the hedging devices as I explain in Chapters 3 and 4. In Chapter 3 and 4, I propose Relevance-theoretic analyses of particular English and Japanese expressions, which appear regularly in the literature on hedging. I try to capture the intrinsic semantic content of these elements and show how the familiar hedging effects arise as a result of the interaction between this encoded content, the particularities of context and considerations of relevance.
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Lamberterie, Charles de. "Les adjectifs grecs du type de hedus." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040063.
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Les adjectifs grecs du type de hedus constituent en grec ancien une catégorie peu productive (moins de 40 unités), cohérente et constituée dès la préhistoire de la langue. Certains d'entre eux, comme barus "lourd" ou okus "rapide", appartiennent au plus vieux fonds du vocabulaire indo-européen. Aussi l'étude est-elle orientée en grande partie vers la grammaire comparée des langues indoeuropéennes, et nombre d'étymologies nouvelles sont proposées (ainsi pour ligus "sonore", bradus "lent" ou takhus "rapide"). On se propose de montrer que le suffixe d'adjectif -u- avait en indoeuropéen une double fonction, que le grec a conservée fidèlement: (1) fonction syntaxique: formation d'adjectifs sur thèmes verbaux de valeur stative, et notamment sur thèmes de parfait, ce fait étant en relation avec le lien morphologique qui unit le suffixe -u- d'adjectif au participe parfait i. E. En -we os-. Contrairement à une idée largement répandue, les adjectifs en -u- ne sont pas, au moins dans leur principe, des dérivés primaires, mais des formations secondaires. (2) fonction sémantique: formation d'adjectifs dans un champ déterminé du lexique, celui des dimensions et des qualités physiques. De là découle la propriété qu'ont ces adjectifs de s'associer par couples antonymiques, ainsi oksus barus "aigu grave", takhus bradus "rapide lent", et bien d'autres du même type. Ce principe de fonctionnement se retrouve dans d'autres langues indoeuropéennes, à preuve en hittite assus idalus "bon mauvais", en sanskrit uru- amhu- "large étroit" ou guru- laghu- "lourd léger" (cf. En latin gravis levis), et bien d'autres exemples. Il apparait, en fin de compte, qu'une partie notable du vocabulaire fondamental de l'indoeuropéen était fortement structurée sur le plan du signifiantIn ancient greek, this well-structured adjectival class (i. E. Of the hedustype) is practically non-productive (less than 40 items); it was already formed in proto-greek. Some of these adjectives (barus 'heavy', okus 'swift', etc. ) Are known to belong to the oldest stratum of indo-european lexicon. This is why the author is mostly concerned with ie comparative grammar, and he puts forward a number of original etymologies (ligus 'shrill', bradus 'slow', for instance). Both in ie and greek the adjectival u-suffix fulfilled both a syntactic and a semantic role: (1) syntactic role: it was used to derive adjectives from stative verbal stems, notably perfect stems (see relationship between -u- in such adjectives and -we os- in perfect participles). It is argued here that originally u-adjectives were not primary, but secundary derivatives, even though many scholars hold the opposite view. (2) semantic role: -u- was used to form adjectives belonging to a specific semantic field, that of such qualities in the physical world as can be perceived by human senses. Terms of this kind, generally, exhibit polarity; hence many antonyms, pairs such as oksus barus 'sharp low', takhus bradus 'fast slow', and so on. Such pairs of antonymic-u-adjectives are found in many sister-languages too: in hittite, assus idalus 'good bad", in sanskrit uru- amhu- 'wide narrow' or gurulaghu'heavy light' (see latin gravis levis), for instance
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Wang, Letian. "Global supply chain risk management through operational and financial hedges." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95041.
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This thesis comprises two papers that investigate the impact of operational and/or financial hedging on risk management in a global supply chain environment. The problems are derived from the current climate in which many North American firms are heavily contracting overseas suppliers located in China, India, Vietnam and other countries. The theoretical and numerical results obtained in this thesis provide managerial insights to mitigate demand and exchange rate risks in outsourcing in the event that firms are risk averse. The first paper studies operational hedging strategy for firms that face both exchange rate and demand uncertainties. Operational hedging comes in the form of real option to switch production between domestic suppliers and offshore outsourcing suppliers. It demonstrates that these firms benefit from maintaining capacities with both suppliers. The value of the operational option increases as the exchange rate uncertainty or demand uncertainty increases. In addition, when firms become risk-averse, they may use domestic capacity as a hedge against offshore capacity. As a result, the firms may choose to sustain local capacity even if it exhibits negative marginal contribution to the profit. Furthermore, risk-averse firms may retain more total capacity than risk-neutral firms. The second paper expands on the first paper by including financial hedging strategy. It studies a capacity planning problem in which a risk-averse firm plans to reserve capacities with potential suppliers located in multiple countries to hedge demand and exchange rate risks. It provides both analytical and numerical results from a general model with n suppliers, as well as a special case with two suppliers in China and Vietnam. With financial hedging, the risk-averse firm has access to financial markets so that it is able to adjust capacity and production allocation decisions conditional on financial information, the result of which always increases optimal utility. In generalLa thèse consiste en deux papiers qui étudient l'impact de la couverture opérationnelle et/ou financière sur la gestion du risque dans la chaine de distribution globale. Les problèmes proviennent du fait que beaucoup de firmes nord-américaine sous-contracte une bonne partie de leurs opérations à des fournisseurs situé outre-mer, notamment en Chine, en Inde, au Vietnam ainsi que dans d'autres pays. Les résultats théoriques et numériques obtenu dans cette thèse donnent un aperçu des méthodes de gestion pour mitiger le risque de demande et le risque de taux de change, lors de la sous-traitance à des firmes situés à l'étranger. Le premier papier étudie les stratégies de couverture opérationnelles pour les firmes qui font face à la fois à des incertitudes sur le taux de change et sur la demande. La couverture opérationnelle se présente sous la forme d'une option réelle de changer la production entre des fournisseurs locaux et outre-mer. Nous démontrons que les firmes bénéficient à conserver des capacités de production avec les deux types de fournisseurs. La valeur de l'option opérationnelle augmente avec l'incertitude sur les taux de change et sur la demande. De plus lorsque les firmes sont averse au risque, elles peuvent utilisées les capacités locales pour se couvrir contre les capacités outre-mer. Il en résulte que les firmes peuvent choisir de maintenir la capacité locale même si elle montre une contribution marginale négative au profit. De plus des firmes averses au risque peuvent maintenir encore davantage de capacité. Le deuxième papier étend le premier papier and incluant les stratégies de couverture financière. Dans ce papier nous étudions les problèmes de planification de la capacité de production, dans lesquels les firmes planifient de réserver des capacités de production avec des fournisseurs potentiels situés dans plusieurs pays afin de se couvrir contre le risque de demande et de taux de change. Nous off
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Iida, Eri. "Hedges in Japanese English and American English medical research articles." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99723.
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The present study analysed the use of hedges in English medical research articles written by Japanese and American researchers. The study also examined the relationship between Japanese medical professionals' employment of hedges and their writing process. Sixteen English medical articles: eight written by Japanese and eight by Americans were examined. Four of the Japanese authors discussed their writing process through questionnaires and telephone interviews.The overall ratio of hedges in articles written by the two groups differed only slightly; however, analyses revealed a number of specific differences in the use of hedges between the groups. For example, Japanese researchers used epistemic adverbs and adjectives less frequently than the American researchers. The results were discussed in relation to the problems of nonnative speakers' grammatical competence, cultural differences in rhetorical features, and the amount of experience in the use of medical English.
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Torok, S. J., and W. E. Beach. "A Comparison of Selected Cotton Hedges for Arizona Cotton Producers." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219723.
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The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.Cotton options on futures began trading in the fall of 1984 offering Arizona cotton producers an alternative risk management tool. Advantages of hedging with cotton options include: limiting risk, preserving unlimited profit potential, providing increased marketing flexibility and greater liquidity. This study compared selected cotton option hedges utilizing mean net revenues and standard deviations. Also, computed premiums were calculated with a modified Black-Scholes option pricing model to identify a historical price volatility that consistently signaled favorable cotton option trades.
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Delaney, Kris. "Applications of many-body perturbation theory within Hedin's GW approximation." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397838.
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Carvalho, EdnÃsia Pinto de. "hedges in research articles: a contrative studie based in corpora." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6779.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoThis thesis investigates, from a rhetoric-contrastive perspective, the uses and functions of rhetoric mitigation metadiscursive marks (here hedging devices) in research articles produced by Brazilian and German authors and understood as specialized texts (HOFFMANN, 1998), inserted in the expert-expert communicative context (PEARSON, 1998). To achieve this goal, the present study aims at answering the following questions: (a) how often are hedging strategies employed in the introduction and conclusion sections? (b) what is the relationship between the number of hedges in each subcorpus and the rhetorical characteristics of each analyzed section? (c) how often do the lexico-grammatical items performing the role of hedges appear in each subcorpus? The starting point for the investigation was the assumption that texts belonging to the same genre but written in different languages present striking rhetorical distinctions. Such differences in academic writing can be described by the use of hedges as discourse-pragmatic elements which characterize the "modus dicendi" of a given knowledge area; in the present case, Medicine. A corpus of 120 research articles from national and international medical journals was built, including texts written in German and Portuguese; the articles were collected from the CAPES periodics website. This corpus consists of 60 Medicine articles written in Portuguese and 60 articles written in German, divided into two subcorpora, namely, Corpus 1: Medicine-German and Corpus 2 : Medicine-Portuguese. The former is made of two subcorpora, (i) German Medicine Introduction (MAI) and (ii) German Medicine Discussion (MAD); the latter is also subdivided into two parts, (i) Portuguese Medicine Introduction (MPI) and (ii) Portuguese Medicine Discussion (MPD). The data were analyzed and processed in accordance with the Corpus Linguistics methodological principles, in an instrumental application of its methods. The data were treated with the help of a linguistic analysis software called WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 1997), version 3.0, especially the Wordlist and Concord tools. In order to investigate and analyze the uses and functions of the hedges, from the Interactional Metadiscourse (HYLAND, 2005) and Intercultural Rhetoric (CONNOR, 2008) perspectives, given the corpora collected, we have proposed a classification model, in accordance with the taxonomies proposed by Hyland (2005), Cabrera (2004) and MartÃn-MartÃn (2008). The results of the analysis have pointed to the occurrence of a largest number of hedges, in both languages, in the discussion section of the articles, followed by the introduction section. Both present a high number of occurrences of indetermination devices (epistemic expressions, such as modal verbs, lexical verbs, semi-auxiliary verbs, and modal adjectives / adverbs) and disagentivization (impersonal expressions, passive voice).We can therefore conclude that the authors of the Medicine research articles, both those in Portuguese and in German, employ the same amount of hedges in order to achieve the communicative purposes of the research paper genre, given the position the authors occupy in the academic community and the interpersonal relationship they wish to establish with the audience. This research contributes to minimize the gap in the studies on hedging under a contrastive perspective, based on corpora of scholarly texts in Portuguese and German in the Medicine area.
Esta tese investiga sob uma perspectiva retÃrico-contrastiva, os usos e as funÃÃes das marcas metadiscursivas de atenuaÃÃo retÃrica (hedges), em artigos de pesquisa, considerados, aqui, textos especializados (HOFFMANN, 1998), pertencentes ao contexto comunicativo: especialista-especialista (PEARSON, 1998), produzidos por autores (as) brasileiros (as) e alemÃes (as). Para cumprir tal objetivo, a pesquisa intenciona responder aos seguintes questionamentos: (a) qual a freqÃÃncia das estratÃgias de atenuaÃÃo retÃrica utilizadas nas seÃÃes introduÃÃo e conclusÃo? (b) qual a relaÃÃo existente entre o nÃmero de marcas metadiscursivas de atenuaÃÃo retÃrica em cada subcorpus e as caracterÃsticas retÃricas de cada seÃÃo em anÃlise? (c) qual a freqÃÃncia dos itens lÃxico-gramaticais que realizam as marcas metadiscursivas de atenuaÃÃo retÃrica em cada subcorpus. Para tanto, parte-se do pressuposto de que textos pertencentes a um mesmo gÃnero discursivo, porÃm escritos em lÃnguas distintas apresentam diferenÃas retÃricas marcantes. Tais diferenÃas no discurso acadÃmico escrito podem ser descritas pelo uso das marcas de atenuaÃÃo retÃrica como elemento discursivo-pragmÃtico caracterizador de um âmodus dicendiâ de uma determinada Ãrea do conhecimento, no caso, a Medicina. Para a investigaÃÃo dessas marcas de atenuaÃÃo, selecionamos um corpus composto por 120 artigos de pesquisa em Medicina de periÃdicos nacionais e internacionais, coletados, no site de periÃdicos da CAPES, escritos em lÃngua alemà e em lÃngua portuguesa. O referido corpus de estudo compÃe-se de: 60 artigos em Medicina escritos em portuguÃs e 60 artigos escritos em lÃngua alemÃ, divididos em dois subcorpora, a saber, Corpus 1- Medicina AlemÃo, composto por dois subcorpora: (i) Medicina AlemÃo IntroduÃÃo (MAI) e (ii) Medicina-AlemÃo DiscussÃo (MAD) , Corpus 2- Medicina PortuguÃs, com dois subcorpora: (i) Medicina PortuguÃs IntroduÃÃo (MPI) e (ii) Medicina PortuguÃs DiscussÃo (MPD). Na anÃlise e tratamento dos dados, utilizamos os princÃpios metodolÃgicos da LingÃÃstica de Corpus, aplicando seu carÃter instrumental. Para avaliar os dados dessa pesquisa, utilizamos o programa computacional de anÃlise lingÃÃstica, WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 1997), versÃo 3.0, as ferramentas Wordlist e o Concord. Para investigar e analisar os usos e as funÃÃes das marcas metadiscursivas de atenuaÃÃo, sob uma perspectiva do Metadiscurso Interacional (HYLAND, 2005) e da RetÃrica Intercultural (CONNOR, 2008), tendo em vista os corpora em anÃlise, propomos um modelo classificatÃrio, em conformidade com as taxonomias propostas por Hyland (2005), Cabrera (2004) e MartÃn-MartÃn (2008). Conforme os resultados, a seÃÃo de discussÃo concentra o maior nÃmero de ocorrÃncias das marcas de atenuaÃÃo retÃrica nas duas lÃnguas, seguida da seÃÃo de introduÃÃo. Ambas apresentam um elevado nÃmero de ocorrÃncias das estratÃgias de indeterminaÃÃo (as expressÃes epistÃmicas, como verbos modais, lexicais, semi-auxiliares) e os adjetivos/advÃrbios modais,) e desagentivaÃÃo (as expressÃes impessoais, voz passiva). A partir desses resultados, conclui-se que os autores tanto em portuguÃs como em alemÃo nos artigos de pesquisa na Medicina fazem uso na mesma proporÃÃo de estratÃgias de atenuaÃÃo para atender aos propÃsitos comunicativos do gÃnero textual-artigo de pesquisa, como tambÃm pela posiÃÃo que ocupam na comunidade acadÃmica e pela relaÃÃo interpessoal que desejam estabelecer com a audiÃncia. Essa pesquisa contribui para minimizar a lacuna existente com relaÃÃo aos estudos sÃcio-retÃricos das marcas metadiscursivas de atenuaÃÃo, sob uma perspectiva contrastiva, em corpora escritos em portuguÃs e alemÃo de artigos acadÃmicos na Medicina.
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Ayhan, Reyyan. "Gender differences in the use of modal adverbs as hedges." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-34030.
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The aim of this essay is to investigate the claims made by Robin Lakoff regarding women’s language, where she claims that women use hedges more than men. The aim of this essay is to investigate whether this statement is true. To put it differently, this essay aims to look at gender differences in the use of modal adverbs as hedges. As a method, a frequency analysis has been conducted, where data from the British National Corpus 2014 (BNC2014) has been used. Since hedging involves various linguistic forms, this essay focuses on the modal adverbs presented by Huddleston and Pullum. The results show that women do use more hedges than men. Regardless, there are not any major dissimilarities across genders. Although there were some findings that supported Lakoff’s claims, there were also some that contradicted her claims.
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Oldeweme, Daniel Johannes. "Die Bilanzierung von Commodity-Hedges nach International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) /." St. Gallen : [s.n.], 2008. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00240573.pdf.
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Rousseau, Nicolas. "How to keep the smile ? : dynamic vega hedges and volatility derivatives." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4078.
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Cette thèse traite le problème de couverture du risque de volatilité à travers les modèles consistants et les produits de volatilité. Nous étudions ce problème dans deux cadres différentes, lorsque seule l’action est négociable et lorsque l’action et les options vanilles (puts et calls européens) sont négociables. Dans le premier cas, nous supposons que l’information disponible est déterminée par les moments risque-neutre du logreturn. Nous proposons alors un modèle consistant avec les moments risque-neutres grâce à une extension du modèle à volatilité locale (Dupire 1994). De plus, nous obtenons des formules fermées pour le call européen du type formule de Jarrow-Rudd (Jarrow et Rudd 1982) ainsi que pour la surface de volatilité implicite. Dans le second cas, dex approches distinctes sont proposées : le modèle de marché de skew (SMM) et les produits de volatilité. Le SMM décrit la dynamique du smile de volatilité implicite grâce à la dynamique de la volatilité à la monnaie, du skew et de la curve. , i. E. Le niveau de convexité. Ces quantités sont systématiquement négociables à partir des options vanilles et permettent des couvertures dynamiques contre les mouvements du smile, appelées ouvertures en vega. Nous étudions les conditions d’absence d’arbitrage de ce modèle. Enfin, nous présentons les produits de volatilité, qui permettent une couverture statique du risque de volatilité. Nous verrons qu’à l’exception de quelques produits de volatilité dont le fameux swap de variance (Dupire 1992), leur développement dépend fortement de modèles de marché sans arbitrage proposant des couvertures dynamiques en vegaIn this thesis, we study the problem of hedging the volatility risk with consistent models and with volatility derivatives in two different cases : only the stock is traded and both the stock and vanilla options (European puts and calls) are traded. In the first case, we assume that the information content is the risk neutral moments of the logreturn. Then, we give a moment consistent model thanks to an extension for the local volatility model (Dupire 1994). We dynamically delta hedge the volatility risk. Moreover, we obtain closed-form formulas for the price of a European call similar to the Jarrow-Rudd formula (Jarrow and Rudd 1982) and for the smile of implied volatility. In the second case, we choose two different ways : the skew market model (SMM) and the volatility derivatives. The SMM describes the dynamics iod the smiles of implied volatility with the ATM (at-the-money) volatility, the skew and the curve, i. E. The convexity level. These processes are synthetically tradeable, i. E. Replicable, with vanilla options. They provide dynamic hedges, called vega hedges, against the main moves of the smile : the SMM dynamically delta-vega hedge the volatility risk. We give conditions of absence of arbitrage in this model. Finally, we introduce the volatility derivatives. They are used for statically hedging the volatility risk (static vega hedge), in addition to the dynamic delta hedge. After a presentation of the volatility derivatives, we will see that, except for a few volatility derivatives as the famous variance swap (Dupire 1992), their development strongly depends on an arbitrage free market model which provides efficient dynamic vega hedges
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Player, Pellby Ellen. "Hedging in Political Discourse : An Analysis of Hedging in an American City Council." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14603.
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This thesis seeks to investigate the usage of hedges in political discourse in the Tampa City Council for the purpose of examining whether or not women hedge more than men in this area. An analysis of the occurrence of hedges illustrated that women hedged more than men for various purposes in this meeting. These occurrences mostly involved the epistemic modal function and shields which indicate uncertainty about the utterance and certainty about the utterance respectively. The results also illustrate how political discourse is still an area dominated by men in the sense that men had significantly more speech time than women during this meeting. However, the results also disprove Lakoff’s claim that women hedge simply to signal uncertainty and tentativeness.
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Karlsson, Nordqvist Rebekka. "Gender Roles Via Hedging in Children’s Films." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16216.
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Campbell, John L. "The Fair Value of Cash Flow Hedges, Future Profitability and Stock Returns." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195374.
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I examine the information content of unrealized cash flow hedge gains/losses for future profitability and stock returns. An unrealized gain on a cash flow hedge suggests that the price of the underlying hedged item (i.e. commodity price, foreign currency exchange rate or interest rate) moved in a direction that negatively affects the firm. Based on this inverse relation, I find that unrealized cash flow hedge gains/losses are negatively associated with future gross margin. This association is weaker for firms that have the ability to pass input price changes through to customers. Finally, I find that investors do not immediately price the information conveyed by cash flow hedges. Instead, investors appear surprised by future realizations of gross margin, consistent with the view that a lack of transparent disclosure on future hedged transactions leads to a delay in pricing. These results may inform current policy decisions of both the FASB and SEC.
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Seydel, Bianca. "Probably certain : Translating hedges in academic research articles from Swedish to English." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98126.
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While it certainly can be argued that translation is a quite demanding discipline in general, some areas within this field are, naturally, more challenging than others. One of these is hedging, which serves a broad variety of purposes both with regard to the author and to the intended readership, and hence must be translated accordingly. This paper investigates hedges in scientific research articles, the types and frequency of hedges in the analysed Swedish sourcetext (ST) compared to the English target text (TT), and the methods used for translating these hedges and their distribution by means of a short study conducted on two Swedish runology articles. The study’s quantitative analysis shows that the Swedish ST has a clear preference for adverbial hedges, and to an extent, also for modal verb hedges, whereas the English TT – while yielding an even higher preference for adverbials and also for lexical verbs – uses modal verbs much less frequently. It becomes evident that adverbials may feature so strongly in translations because they are easier to recall and to use than more complex structures, especially for L2 speakers. This practice does, however, result in a somewhat less flexible translation. The by far most frequently used translation strategy is faithful translation, particularly for content-oriented hedges. However, a fair number of adaptations (both in modal strength and word class change) and omissions – mostly of modal verbs – as well as numerous additions occurred, initiated by influential factors such as cultural differences regarding natural sounding text, L2 speaker perception of equivalence and/or lack of suitable linguistic equivalents. Thereby, the English translation showed a tendency toward adapting weaker modals compared to their Swedish ST equivalents, confirming the greater reader-orientation of English research articles.
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Schuch, Ursula. "Pruning Shrubs in the Low and Mid-Elevation Desert in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144774.
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Chachan, Mariham, and Susanne Henriksson. "Det handlar om att bygga broar mellan de kulturella enklaverna och samhället : En kvalitativ studie om hedersrelaterad utsatthet och integration." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-3949.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur professionella inom Sveriges kvinnojourer beskriver vad hedersrelaterad utsatthet innebär på individ –och strukturell nivå och hur hederskontexten och samhället påverkar män och kvinnors förutsättningar för integration och delaktighet i det svenska samhället. Individer som lever i hederkontexten lever med en dubbel utsatthet. Detta innebär att dessa individer är dubbelt förtryckta, dels från kontexten de lever i men även samhället har en bidragande roll till utsattheten då vi har kommit fram till att det finns mycket inbäddad diskriminering i samhället. Integrationen för individer inom hederskontexten påverkas också av faktorer som kan relateras till individerna inom hederskontexten och samhällets bemötande av individerna. Hedersrelaterad utsatthet har ofta förknippats med kulturella normer och våld mot kvinnor, den här uppsatsen vill belysa hur problematiken och integrationen av dessa individer kan se ut ur ett individ – och samhällsperspektiv. Uppsatsen kommer att ha en kvalitativ utgångspunkt där vi besvarar syftet genom att intervjua kvinnojourer från sex av Sveriges kvinnojourers berättelser. Intervjuerna har varit semistrukturerade vilket bidragit till att undersökningen fått fylliga berättelser då intervjupersonerna själva kunnat påverka vad de ansetts som viktigt att belysa. Anledningen till att vi valt kvinnojourer var att de kunde bidra med den information som krävdes då de är insatta i hedersrelaterad utsatthet och deras integration.Vi har tagit hjälp av fem stycken teoretiskautgångspunkter för att kunna förklara den problematik som förekommer inom några av Sveriges familjer och för att förstå hur hederskontexten och samhället påverkar integrationen. Dessa teorier omfattar teorin om patriarkatet och genus, ackulitivering, socialisering och teorin om strukturell diskriminering.The purpose of this paper is to examine how professionals in some of Swedens shelterhomes describes what honor related vulnerability involves on an individual and structural level and how the honorcontext and society affect men 's and women's opportunities for inclusion and participation in the Swedish society. Individuals living in the honourcontext live with a double vulnerability. This means that these individuals are doubly oppressed, both from the context in which they live but also the society has a contributory role of the vulnerability. We have come to the conclusion that there are a lot of embedded discrimination in society. The integration of individuals within the honorcontext is also affected by factors that can be related to the individuals within the context and societies treatment of individuals. Honour related vulnerability has often been associated with cultural norms and violence against women, this paper wants to illustrate how the honorproblems and the integration of these individuals can look like from an individual - and societal perspective. The essay will have a qualitative perspective where we answer the purpose by interviewing professionals from six of Sweden's shelterhomes. The interviews were semi-structured, which contributed to rich stories when interviewees themselves were able to influence what they regarded as important to highlight. The reason we chose sheltershomes was that they could provide the necessary information about honor related vulnerability and integration. We have taken the help of five theoretical bases to explain the problems that exist in some of Sweden's families and to understand how the honorkontext and society affect integration. These theories include the theory of patriarchy and gender, ackultivisation, socialization and the theory of structural discrimination.
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Rubinsztein, Anna. "Examensarbete Violin : reflektion Examenskonsert & Stilanalysarbete Stämspel-en analys av Johan Hedins spel." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för folkmusik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-2068.
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Algi, Sedef. "Hedges And Boosters In L1 And L2 Argumentative Paragraphs:implications For Teaching L2 Academic Writing." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614579/index.pdf.
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This study investigates the types, frequencies and functions of hedges and boosters employed in L1 and L2 argumentative paragraphs written by Turkish learners of English with pre-intermediate level of proficiency. It aims to uncover whether or not Turkish learners of English writing in L1 and L2 display any transfer in their employment of hedges and boosters. The extent to which the academic writing teaching materials result in any measurable change in the employment of hedges and boosters is also pursued. To this end, the data that is comprised of 104 (52 Turkish and 52 English) argumentative paragraphs written as a response to a TOEFL essay prompt are collected. The analysis of the data is done manually and each paragraph is coded and formatted in CLAN CHILDES. Later, PASW is used to run the descriptive statistics and calculate the frequency and percentages of hedges and boosters.
The results show that the types, frequencies, and meanings of hedges and boosters are culture and language-specific and they are topic and genre dependent. Research
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findings also reveal that the participants in this study often express appropriate degree of certainty and pragmatic vagueness while writing in L1 and L2. However, there are some cases in which the evidence of rhetorical transfer are observed with respect to functions of certain hedges. The findings further indicate that there is a parallelism between the teaching materials used in academic writing classes and the types, frequencies and functions of hedges and boosters produced in L2 paragraphs.
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Wong, Kuen Kolya. "The influence of gender on the use of hedges by Cantonese speakers in English." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36877682.
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Wong, Kuen Kolya, and 黃娟. "The influence of gender on the use of hedges by Cantonese speakers in English." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36877682.
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Yuqi, Sun. "A produção de Hedges por falantes brasileiros de português e aprendizes chineses de PLA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4182.
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Previous issue date: 2011This work aims at contrasting the use of hedges by native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese and Chinese learners of Portuguese as an additional language. After a theoretical study of the historical evolution of linguistic vagueness and hedges, the thesis proposes a list of possible hedges in the Brazilian Portuguese linguistic system and tries to give a new definition on hedges. We also made a new classification of hedges for the analysis of data from this study, based on the discussions about the limitations of the former studies and the pragmatic theories. In the second part of the study, a brief introduction on corpus linguistics is given, which helped to build two small corpora – CTOB and CTOC. This separately stands for Portuguese native speaker from Brazil and Chinese learners of PLA, through a nine-month longitudinal research. The data analysis is based on the new classification of hedges. First of all, we did a general comparison on the use of hedges in two corpora. Next, we analyzed the main distinctions in the application of hedges, revealed in the collected data. Finally, after a comparison of the Chinese who had learned Portuguese for two years in China, we tried to find the acquisition process of hedges in PLA. Thus, the data showed that there is no regularity during the nine-month study in Brazil. The research demonstrates that the study of theories is considered as a new way to analyze Portuguese hedges, with the help of the construction of corpora, which indirectly contributes to language teaching.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar o uso de hedges por falantes brasileiros de português e por aprendizes chineses de português como língua adicional. Após um estudo teórico da evolução histórica da vaguidade linguística, procuramos uma nova definição do fenômeno e uma listagem dos possíveis hedges no sistema linguístico de português. Fizemos ainda uma nova classificação de hedges para a análise dos dados da presente pesquisa, com base nas discussões das limitações dos antigos estudos e nas teorias pragmáticas. Na segunda etapa, fizemos um breve estudo sobre a linguística de corpus, através do qual, elaboramos a nossa metodologia de compilação de dois corpora orais – o CTOB e o CTOC, sendo um de falantes brasileiros e outro de aprendizes chineses de PLA, através de uma pesquisa longitudinal de nove meses. A análise dos dados foi feita com base na nova classificação de hedges. Primeiramente fizemos uma comparação geral do uso de hedges em dois corpora. Analisamos, em seguida, as principais distinções na aplicação de hedges, reveladas nos dados coletados. E, finalmente, após uma comparação da fala dos aprendizes chineses, tentamos analisar o processo de aquisição de hedges em PLA. No entanto, os dados demonstraram que não há uma regularidade de uso durante os nove meses de estudo aqui no Brasil. A pesquisa, baseada em estudos teóricos, é considerada como uma tentativa de análise de hedges em língua portuguesa com o aporte da linguística de corpus, que tem como objetivo mediato, também, contribuir com a metodologia de ensino e aprendizagem de língua adicional.
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Gudinavičius, Justas. "Gyvatvorės ir jų įvairovė Šiaulių daugiabučių namų kiemuose." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100907_095102-78473.
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Dauguma mūsų vienaip ar kitaip stengiamės padaryti, kad mus supanti aplinka taptų patogesnė ir jaukesnė. Tokia aplinka neįsivaizduojama be želdinių. Šio bakalauro darbo tyrimo objektas yra gyvatvorės, jų asortimentas, urbanizuotose Šiaulių miesto mikrorajonuose. Tai vienas iš želdinių tipų, kuriuos kuriame pagal savo poreikius, norint sukurti vieningą sklypų, teritorijų, aikščių sistemą, besijungiančią į vieną visumą.
Bakalauro darbo tikslas – nustatyti gyvatvorių įvairovę, Šiaulių miesto daugiabučių namų kiemuose. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Pateikti literatūros analizę apie gyvatvorių tipus, funkcijas, bei jose auginamus augalus; 2. Nustatyti gyvatvorių augalų rūšis, auginamas Šiaulių miesto daugiabučių namų kiemuose; 3. Nustatyti gyvatvorių tipus, aukščius, bei formas; 4. Įvertinti augalų, auginamų gyvatvorėse, būklę.
Pasirinktos tyrimo vietos – Šiaulių miesto daugiabučių namų mikrorajonai: Dainų mikrorajonas, Lieporių mikrorajonas, Centro mikrorajonas. Tyrimui atlikti vadovautasi duomenų rinkimo metodu, faktine analize, faktų konstatavimais, duomenų nagrinėjimu. Tyrimas buvo atliktas 2009 m. Liepos mėn. – spalio mėn. laikotarpiu.
Iš 3 pasirinktų tyrimo vietų (Dainų mikrorajono, Lieporių mikrorajono, Centro mikrorajono) iš viso buvo tiriami 94 daugiabučiai gyvenamieji namai. 35 - Dainų mikrorajono, 35 – Lieporių mikrorajono, 24 – Centro mikrorajono. Iš 94 daugiabučių, gyvatvorės auginamos 65 daugiabučių namų kiemuose. Dainų mikrorajone iš 35, augančios gyvatvorės rastos 16 - oje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Most of us are somehow trying to make our surroundings more comfortable and cozier. Such an environment can not be imagined without the green. The aim of this thesis is the subject of hedges, their range of urban neighborhoods of the city of Siauliai. This is one of the types of plantations, which, according to their needs, in order to create a single parcel, land, squares system, merging into a single whole. The objective of this thesis - to establish variety of hedges in apartment house courtyards Siauliai. Job tasks: 1. To submit literary analysis of hedge types, functions, and their crops, 2. To set hedge plant species grown in Siauliai city of apartment house courtyards, 3. To identify the types of hedge, height, and form, 4. To evaluate plants grown hedges the state. Selected test sites - in Siauliai city apartment house block: Dainai region, Lieporiai region, the Center region area. The study was guided by a data collection method, the actual analysis of the facts, findings, examining the data. The study was conducted in 2009 July. - October. period. In three selected test sites (region of Dainai, region of Lieporiai, region of Center) in total were examined in 94 apartment houses. 35 – region of Dainai, 35 – region of Lieporiai, 24 – region of Center. Of the 94 blocks, 65 grown hedges of apartment house courtyards. Dainai microdistricts of 35, were found growing hedges 16 - Part of apartment house courtyards, Lieporiai - 35/33 from the Center - 16 from the 24th. An... [to full text]
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Koskus, Marius. "Gyvatvorių įvairovė pakapėje." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20140227_150959-53814.
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Privačių gyvenamųjų namų savininkams tampa aktualus gyvatvorių pasirinkimas, norint susikurti akiai ir širdžiai malonią aplinką tuo pačiu atsiriboti nuo kaimynų smalsių žvilgsnių, apsaugoti teritoriją nuo triukšmo, vėjo, nepageidaujamų gyvūnų patekimo.
Šio bakalauro darbo tyrimo objektas yra gyvatvorės, augalų įvairovė. Tyrimo vieta - Pakapės gyvenvietė, esanti Šiaulių rajone. Darbo tikslas - nustatyti Pakapės gyvenvietės privačių sklypų gyvatvorių ypatybes bei įvertinti būkles: pakantumą žemoms temperatūroms, defoliacijos laipsnį. Tyrimas buvo atliktas 2012 metų rugsėjo-gruodžio mėnesiais, taip pat buvo tęsiamas 2013 balandžio –birželio mėn. Informacija apie gyvatvores buvo renkama jas fotografuojant, tuo pačiu atkreipiamas dėmesys į tipą, aukštį, plotį, augalų būklę. 2013 metų pavasarį buvo stebima sumedėjusių augalų ištvermingumo žemai temperatūrai būklė.
Nustatyta, kad Pakapėje gyvatvorėse auginama 12 rūšių augalų, iš kurių 7 vasaržalės ir 5 visžalės. Dauguma gyvatvorių yra vidutinio aukščio ir žaliosios sienos. Gyventojai labiau renkasi laisvai augančias gyvatvores, nors karpomų gyvatvorių kiekis panašus. Defoliacijos pažeistų augalų aptikta Picea abies, Juniperus communis, Buxus sempervirens, Syringa vulgaris, Ligustrum vulgare, Thuja occidentalis gyvatvorėse. Po 2012 metų žiemos dėl vėlyvo ir sauso pavasario nemažai visžalių augalų silpnai apšalo spyglius bei lapus. Vasaržaliai augalai nukentėjo mažiau, nors dalis apšalo pumpurus, ūglius. Nustatyta, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Private residential home owners to become the current selection to create a hedge to the eye and the heart of a pleasant environment at the same time moving away from neighbor's curious glances, to protect the territory from the noise, the wind, the entry of unwanted animals. This bachelor object of research is hedge, plant variety. Research location – the village of Pakapė in the area of Šiauliai. The aim – to establish the properties of hedges in private plots of Pakapė village and to evaluate conditions: tolerance to low temperatures, the degree of defoliation. Research was done in September to December 2012, and was continued in April to June 2013. Information about the hedges were collected by taking pictures, at the same time drawing attention to the type, height, width, condition of the plant. In the spring of 2013 was observed the low - temperature condition of woody plant endurance. It was discovered, that total 12 types of the plants for the hedges grows in Pakape, 7 of them are deciduous and 5 evergreen. Most of hedges are middle height and the Green Wall. Populations more prefer free-growing hedges, though clipped hedges is similar. The damaged plants of defoliation were detected in the Picea abies, Juniperus communis, Buxus sempervirens, Syringa vulgaris, Ligustrum vulgare, Thuja occidentalis hedges. After the 2012 winter, due to the late and dry spring many evergreen plants slightly frosted needles and leaves. Deciduous plants less affected, although some... [to full text]
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Koech, Eric Kipyegon Arap. "Disease incidence and severity on beans in alleys between Leucaena leucocephala hedges in Western Kenya." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283794.
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VanHoudnos, Nathan. "The Efficacy of the Hedges Correction for Unmodeled Clustering, and Its Generalizations in Practical Settings." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/435.
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The aim of the evidence based education movement is two-fold: (i) to determine the best practices from scientifically rigorous studies and (ii) to apply those best practices to educational decision making. To assist the adoption of evidence based practices by US educators and policy makers, congress created the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) with a mission to evaluate evidence about educational interventions and to disseminate information about best practices. the WWC synthesizes the results of education research and publishes these recommendations for use by educators and policy makers. Throughout its history, however, the evidence based education movement has struggled with the low quality of education research. For example, a common analytic error used by education researchers is that a an experiment will be designed to randomize entire schools to treatment and control ideas , but then the experiment will be analyzed ignoring the grouped nature of the randomization. this error is well know to lead to invalid conclusions because it overstates the statistical significance of the treatment effect. The WWC chose to address this common error by attempting to remove the anti-conservative bias of these misspecified analyses by calculating a correction to the test statistic. In this thesis I investigate the properties of this correction and generalize it to a larger class of experimental designs. I find that: (i) these exists a correction that the WWC could feasibly calculate , and (ii) the Hedges correction approaches this more general asymptotically, but (iii) for common experimental designs these corrections can be so conservative as to have nearly zero statistical power. I illustrate this result with an example from the WWC,s own recommendations, where a math curriculum was rated as having "Potentially Positive Effects" in 2004, "No Discernible Effects" in 2006, and "Potentially Positive Effects" in 2008, depending on whether a single experiment was (i) analyzed incorrectly, corrected with the WWC process, or (iii) re-analyzed with a reasonable model, respectively. I recommend that the WWC stop attempting to correct misspecified analyses, and instead work closely with researchers to improve the quality of analysis in education research
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Monaro, Fernando. "Efeitos da utilização de hedges cambiais nos resultados de empresas não financeiras: uma abordagem empírica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5737.
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Previous issue date: 2007-01-31T00:00:00ZMaking business in a globalized world implies in increasing the exposure of nonfinancial companies to several financial risks as foreign exchange rates, commodities and interests rates; depending on the evolution of these variables, companies results may be affected significantly. There are plenty of academic theories which focus on benefits generated by risk management programs in non-financial companies as reduction of costs of financial distress and agency costs as well as the use of hedging strategies for tax purposes. These initiatives may contribute to the value creation for the business and may offer a better forecastability of future cash flows, reducing companies vulnerability to adverse market conditions. This study presents two business cases with Brazilian non-financial companies which had exposure on foreign currency and transactions with foreign currency derivatives were not identified from 1999 up to 2005, a period with high volatility of foreign currency rates. By the use of simulation models, some hedge strategies were proposed for the identified exposures for each company aiming at evaluating the effects of derivatives utilization on companies results for both value creation and volatility reduction for expected cash flows perspectives. This study does not recommend hedge strategies for a specific market situation but only demonstrates, empirically, which results would be achieved if specific strategies were implemented, considering that several others could be created for the same market situation. Results suggest some insights on derivatives utilization by non-financial companies – a brand new theme for Brazilian companies.
A realização de negócios em um mundo globalizado implica em aumentar a exposição das empresas não-financeiras a diversos riscos de origem financeira como câmbio, commodities e taxas de juros e que, dependendo da evolução destas variáveis macroeconômicas, podem afetar significativamente os resultados destas empresas. Existem diversas teorias acadêmicas que abordam sobre os benefícios gerados por programas de gestão de riscos em empresas não-financeiras como redução dos custos de financial distress e custos de agência bem como o uso de estratégias de hedge para fins fiscais. Tais iniciativas contribuiriam, em última instância, para a criação de valor para o negócio e poderiam garantir uma melhor previsibilidade dos fluxos de caixa futuros, tornando as empresas menos vulneráveis a condições adversas de mercado. Este trabalho apresenta dois estudos de caso com empresas não-financeiras brasileiras que possuíam exposições em moeda estrangeira e que não foram identificadas operações com derivativos cambiais durante o período de 1999 a 2005 que foi caracterizado pela alta volatilidade da taxa de câmbio. Através de modelos de simulação, algumas estratégias com o uso de derivativos foram propostas para as exposições cambiais identificadas para cada empresa com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da utilização destes derivativos cambiais sobre os resultados das empresas no que se refere à agregação de valor para o negócio e redução de volatilidade dos fluxos de caixa esperados. O trabalho não visa recomendar estratégias de hedge para determinada situação de mercado mas apenas demonstra, de forma empírica, quais os resultados seriam obtidos caso certas estratégias fossem adotadas, sabendo-se que inúmeras outras poderiam ser criadas para a mesma situação de mercado. Os resultados sugerem alguns insights sobre a utilização de derivativos por empresas não-financeiras sendo um tema relativamente novo para empresas brasileiras.
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Lipp, Tobias. "Numerical methods for optimization in finance : optimized hedges for options and optimized options for hedging." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066104.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'optimisation en finance par des méthodes numériques. La thèse se présente en deux parties. Dans la première partie, nous proposons une méthode numérique pour calculer une stratégie de trading pour la couverture d'un produit financier dérivé avec plusieurs instruments de couverture. Le cadre mathématique sous-jacent est la minimisation du risque local en temps discret. La méthode combine la simulation de Monte-Carlo et la régression des moindres carrés - analogue à la méthode de Longstaff et Schwartz. Nous l'appliquons à deux exemples particuliers. Les instruments de couverture sont l'actif sous-jacent, des options vanilles et des swaps de variance. Dans la seconde partie, nous proposons une approche par contrôle optimal pour l'optimisation des options paniers à barrière double de type européen. Le panier est constitué de deux actifs. L'objectif est de contrôler le versement à la barrière supérieure et le versement à la date d'échéance de sorte que le delta de l'option soit aussi proche que possible d'une constante prédéfinie. Cela donne lieu à un problème de contrôle optimal de type contrôle restreint pour l'équation aux dérivées partielles de Black-Scholes avec des conditions de Dirichlet au bord contrôlées et de condition terminale contrôlée. En utilisant la formulation variationnelle du problème dans un cadre d'espace de Sobolev à poids, on prouve l'existence et l'unicité de la solution. Les discrétisations par la méthode des éléments finis et par le schéma d'Euler implicite conduisent à un problème de contrôle optimal entièrement discret. Des résultats numériques sont donnésThis dissertation contributes to optimization in finance through numerical methods. The input consists of two parts: In part 1, we propose a numerical method to compute a trading strategy for the hedging of a financial derivative with N hedging instruments. The underlying mathematical framework is local risk minimization in discrete time. The method combines Monte Carlo simulation with least squares regression in analogy to the method of Longstaff and Schwartz. We study the proposed method on two example problems. For both problems the number of hedging instruments is two. One of the hedging instruments is always the underlying asset of the hedging objective. The other hedging instrument is a vanilla put option in the first example and a variance swap in the second example. In part 2, we propose an optimal control approach for the optimization of European double barrier basket options. The basket consists of two assets. The objective is to control the payoff and the rebate at the upper barrier such that the delta of the option is as close as possible to a predefined constant. This gives rise to a control constrained optimal control problem for the (two-dimensional) Black-Scholes equation with Dirichlet boundary control and finite time control. Based on the variational formulation of the problem in an appropriate Sobolev space setting, we prove the existence of a unique solution and state the first order necessary optimality conditions. Discretization in space by P1 finite elements and discretization in time by the backward Euler scheme results in a fully discrete optimal control problem. Numerical results illustrate the benefits optimized double barrier options
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Scarazzato, Tatiana. "Tratamento de efluente contendo HEDP por eletrodiálise." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-11072014-102330/.
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Em processos de eletrodeposição, substâncias à base de cianeto são empregadas como complexantes e portadores do metal a ser depositado. Entretanto, a toxicidade associada ao cianeto e a evolução das legislações ambiental e trabalhista impulsionaram a exploração de matérias-primas alternativas aos sais cianídricos. Um estudo desenvolvido no Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas avaliou a modificação de um banho comercial isento de cianeto para processos de deposição de cobre em substratos de Zamac. Neste estudo, foi utilizado um banho à base do ácido 1,hidroxietano-1,1- difosfônico, ou HEDP, um composto orgânico capaz de formar complexos estáveis com íons metálicos. Para viabilizar a substituição do cianeto pelo HEDP, deve-se consolidar uma metodologia para o tratamento do efluente gerado nas operações que o envolvam. A técnica de eletrodiálise surge como uma alternativa considerada limpa, que dispensa mudanças de fase e adição de produtos químicos ao processo. O método consiste na utilização de membranas íon-seletivas para promover a separação de espécies iônicas entre soluções utilizando a diferença de potencial elétrico entre dois pólos como força motriz. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a aplicação da eletrodiálise no tratamento de um efluente galvânico à base de HEDP. Foram utilizadas soluções sintéticas simulando as águas de lavagem de um banho toque composto por complexos de cobre e HEDP. A construção das curvas de polarização permitiu a determinação da densidade de corrente limite a ser empregada na eletrodiálise. Nos ensaios de eletrodiálise, foi avaliada a extração percentual dos íons de cobre e de HEDP das soluções sintéticas. As membranas utilizadas também foram analisadas para investigação de possíveis alterações estruturais. Os resultados mostraram extração de até 99,7% de cobre e 94,4% de HEDP, possibilitando o reaproveitamento das soluções tratadas nos tanques de lavagem e, simultaneamente, a reutilização dos íons extraídos, compensando perdas por arraste. As análises químicas comprovaram a presença de complexos aniônicos formados entre o cobre e o HEDP. A alteração na acidez do meio permite a separação deste complexo e a recuperação de cobre e de HEDP em compartimentos separados. As análises realizadas por MEV/EDS mostraram a presença de picos de cobre e fósforo nas superfícies das membranas. A avaliação feita por um processo de lixiviação indicou a ocorrência de depósitos nas superfícies das membranas. Os incrementos na acidez das soluções finais indicam recuperação do HEDP e as análises de foto-oxidação do ácido orgânico apontaram degradação inferior a 7% nos ensaios avaliados.In electroplating processes, cyanide-based substances are used as complexing agents and as raw materials in form of metal salts. However, the toxicity associated with cyanide and the evolution of environmental and employment laws have been promoting research for the development of new raw materials in electroplating processes. A study conducted at the Institute for Technological Research evaluated the modification of commercial cyanide free bath for processes of copper coating on zinc alloys. In the performed study, a news alkaline copper bath was formulated using 1 hydroxyethane-1, 1 diphosphonic, or HEDP, an organic compound known for forming stable complexes with metal ions. To support the replacement of cyanide, it becomes necessary to consolidate a methodology for treatment of the wastewaters generated by operations involving HEDP. Electrodialysis is considered a clean technology which dispenses phase changes and the addition of chemicals to the treatment process. The method consists in the use of ion-selective membranes to promote the separation of ionic species from solutions, using as driving force the difference of electrical potential between two electrodes. In this study the application of electrodialysis in the treatment of electroplating wastewaters containing HEDP was evaluated. Synthetic solutions were prepared, simulating the rinsing water from a bath composed of copper and HEDP complexes. The construction of the current-voltage-curves allowed the determination of the limiting current density applied in the electrodialysis stack. During electrodialysis, the percentage of extraction of copper and HEDP from synthetic solutions were evaluated. The membranes used were analyzed to investigate possible structural changes. The results showed extracting rates up to 99,7% copper and 94,4% HEDP, allowing the reuse of solutions in rinse steps and simultaneously reuse of copper and HEDP ions to compensate drag-out losses. Chemical analysis confirmed the presence of anionic complexes formed between copper and HEDP. The decrease of pH allows the separation of these complexes and the recovery of copper and HEDP in separate compartments. The results of SEM/EDS analysis of membranes showed the presence of peaks of copper and phosphorus. The analysis made by a leaching process showed the occurrence of deposits on the membranes surface. The increases in acidity of the final solutions indicate recovery of HEDP and the photooxidation analysis indicated degradation of the organic acid under 7% in evaluated samples.
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Melin, Thomas. "”Slutligen kommer skogens ogräs till heders” : - En ekokritisk analys av Vilhelm Mobergs Din stund på jorden." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Litteraturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-18941.
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Den har uppsatsen ar en ekokritisk analys av Din stund på jorden med inriktning på att åskådliggöra retoriska grepp. Syftet ar att undersöka hur manniskan förhåller sig till naturen i boken samt ringa in uttryck, bilder och metaforer som skulle kunna inspirera lasaren till ett stallningstagande för miljömedvetenhet och hållbar utveckling. Med narlasning och kvalitativ textanalys som metod tolkas texten och de bilder som målas upp ur ett ekokritiskt perspektiv vars retoriska grepp sedan analyseras och diskuteras. Analysen visar att romanen innehåller ekokritiskt intressanta troper och teman samt att naturen och naturens krafter spelar en vasentlig roll i karaktarernas liv. Relationen mellan manniska, djur och natur återfinns i metaforer och uttryck som leder lasaren i en riktning mot ett ansvarstagande och respektfullt förhållande till naturen.
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Rachman, Achmad. "Influence of grass hedges on soil hydraulic properties, runoff and soil erosion in a small watershed /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115583.
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Sun, Yuqi. "A produ??o de Hedges por falantes brasileiros de portugu?s e aprendizes chineses de PLA." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/2004.
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Previous issue date: 2011-01-05This work aims at contrasting the use of hedges by native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese and Chinese learners of Portuguese as an additional language. After a theoretical study of the historical evolution of linguistic vagueness and hedges, the thesis proposes a list of possible hedges in the Brazilian Portuguese linguistic system and tries to give a new definition on hedges. We also made a new classification of hedges for the analysis of data from this study, based on the discussions about the limitations of the former studies and the pragmatic theories. In the second part of the study, a brief introduction on corpus linguistics is given, which helped to build two small corpora CTOB and CTOC. This separately stands for Portuguese native speaker from Brazil and Chinese learners of PLA, through a nine-month longitudinal research. The data analysis is based on the new classification of hedges. First of all, we did a general comparison on the use of hedges in two corpora. Next, we analyzed the main distinctions in the application of hedges, revealed in the collected data. Finally, after a comparison of the Chinese who had learned Portuguese for two years in China, we tried to find the acquisition process of hedges in PLA. Thus, the data showed that there is no regularity during the nine-month study in Brazil. The research demonstrates that the study of theories is considered as a new way to analyze Portuguese hedges, with the help of the construction of corpora, which indirectly contributes to language teaching.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar o uso de hedges por falantes brasileiros de portugu?s e por aprendizes chineses de portugu?s como l?ngua adicional. Ap?s um estudo te?rico da evolu??o hist?rica da vaguidade lingu?stica, procuramos uma nova defini??o do fen?meno e uma listagem dos poss?veis hedges no sistema lingu?stico de portugu?s. Fizemos ainda uma nova classifica??o de hedges para a an?lise dos dados da presente pesquisa, com base nas discuss?es das limita??es dos antigos estudos e nas teorias pragm?ticas. Na segunda etapa, fizemos um breve estudo sobre a lingu?stica de corpus, atrav?s do qual, elaboramos a nossa metodologia de compila??o de dois corpora orais o CTOB e o CTOC, sendo um de falantes brasileiros e outro de aprendizes chineses de PLA, atrav?s de uma pesquisa longitudinal de nove meses. A an?lise dos dados foi feita com base na nova classifica??o de hedges. Primeiramente fizemos uma compara??o geral do uso de hedges em dois corpora. Analisamos, em seguida, as principais distin??es na aplica??o de hedges, reveladas nos dados coletados. E, finalmente, ap?s uma compara??o da fala dos aprendizes chineses, tentamos analisar o processo de aquisi??o de hedges em PLA. No entanto, os dados demonstraram que n?o h? uma regularidade de uso durante os nove meses de estudo aqui no Brasil. A pesquisa, baseada em estudos te?ricos, ? considerada como uma tentativa de an?lise de hedges em l?ngua portuguesa com o aporte da lingu?stica de corpus, que tem como objetivo mediato, tamb?m, contribuir com a metodologia de ensino e aprendizagem de l?ngua adicional.
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Hall, Alison. "The Shelter photographs 1968-1972 : Nick Hedges, the representation of the homeless child and a photographic archive." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6534/.
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The thesis examines the work of photographer Nick Hedges (b. 1953) who made photographs for the housing charity Shelter between 1968 and 1972. It concentrates on Hedges’ methodology, his representation of the homeless child, and how this was deployed in Shelter’s campaign strategy. Moreover, it examines the wider political, sociological and cultural debates surrounding the conception, production, dissemination and reception of the Shelter photographs. The thesis argues that Hedges’ photographs, although contextualised by an ostensibly radical charity agenda, were shaped by an established photographic and art historical tradition reaching back to the nineteenth century. This is examined in the light of a shifting conception of what constituted an ethically sound representation of homelessness amongst leftist critics in Britain from the 1970s onwards. The thesis equally discusses the archive as a site of photographic accession, interpretation and display, and outlines the issues that face archive professionals charged with the presentation of the Shelter photographs to a contemporary audience. By combining art historical analysis of Hedges’ photographs with research into their current framing in the archive, the thesis offers a distinctive contribution to scholarship, exploring how photographic meaning is shaped, subverted and disseminated by individuals, organisations and institutions alike.
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Calderón, Paulo Henrique Galleguillos. "Mercado futuro do açúcar da BM&F: influência dos cross hedges e da taxa de juros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-20181127-161828/.
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Nesse trabalho busca-se identificar e analisar fatores que podem ter se constituído em restrições à utilização mais intensa do contrato de futuros de açúcar da BM&F desde o seu lançamento, em setembro de 1995 até julho de 2000. A pesquisa foi conduzida empregando-se um conjunto de procedimentos para a realização de análises quantitativas, tanto no contexto microeconômico quanto no âmbito macroeconômico. Os procedimentos utilizados foram selecionados junto à literatura relacionada por se apresentarem adequados ao propósito da presente pesquisa. A investigação é feita abordando aspectos tais como: (i) análise do grau com que esse mercado futuro vem sendo eficiente, para o hedger brasileiro, em fornecer previsões não viesadas dos preços spot; (ii) análise da Eficiência de Hedge, ou seja, como o Mercado Futuro da BM&F é eficiente em proporcionar proteção contra o risco de variação não esperada de preço, relativamente aos principais Mercados Futuros de Açúcar de expressão internacional: CSCE (Nova Iorque) e LIFFE (Londres); (iii) influência dos cross hedges sobre o montante transacionado do contrato brasileiro; e (iv) verificação de como a variação da taxa de juros pode influenciar o volume de negócios do Contrato Futuro Cambial do Açúcar da BM&F. De forma geral, conclui-se que não se pode afirmar que a existência de mercados futuros internacionais alternativos tenham sido um empecilho para a utilização mais ampla desse instrumento brasileiro de gerenciamento de risco de preçonot available
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McCann, Thomas. "The woody species diversity of hedges in relation to environment, landscape, history, management and structure in Northern Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588588.
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The Northern Ireland landscape was stratified random sampled by 288 25 ha squares, within which hedges and other field boundaries were mapped and surveyed to estimate extent and change between 1998 and 2007. The woody species composition in a 30 m length of each hedge was also recorded to determine the ecological structure of the hedges and to monitor change. The species composition of hedges was assessed against variables describing the physical environment, landscape structure and land use history. Hedges have an estimated length of 113648 km, the result of a net decrease of -4.6% between 1998 and 2007, as losses (mainly due to building construction or field enlargement, and hedges subsumed within woodland planting or scrub habitat development), exceeded gains (mainly due to hedge creation by management or planting). These hedge transitions also affected the mean number of woody species per 30 m which decreased slightly to 4.73. Hedges with higher woody species diversity are: town land boundaries; in smaller townlands with a higher perimeter-area ratio; sinuous in shape; at lower elevation; closer to ancient woodland and to raths; on soil groups classified as moderate to poor quality agricultural land; and have associated species-rich herbaceous ground layers, wet ditches or earth banks. Hedges with lower diversity are: closer to buildings; more intensively managed (flat-topped); on better quality agricultural land. No significant difference in road-side and internal field boundary hedge diversity was found. Native woody species are associated with variables related to higher diversity, e.g. hazel (Gory/us avellana) is more frequent in townland boundary hedges. The opposite is the case for non-native species. These occur in 30% of hedge 30 m lengths and in ca. 90% of sites with hedges, indicating a potential for further expansion. The research highlights the interconnectedness of ecological and historical variables and related landscape metrics which affect patterns of hedge woody species diversity in agricultural landscapes. This has important implications for landscape-level management and planning policies.
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Cant, Elizabeth Tamzyn. "Do roads and hedges influence patterns of pollinator foraging movement and consequent plant gene flow in a UK agricultural landscape?" Thesis, University of Northampton, 2005. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2999/.
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This thesis investigates the influence of hedges and roads (linear landscape features) on the patch-to-patch foraging movements of insect pollinators and consequent pollen- mediated gene flow in white clover, Trifolium repens. Experimental arrays were located within the lowland UK agricultural landscape incorporating a range of patch separation distances from 25m to 250m (using both artificial and natural linear features). Mark-re-sight, “residence” (the number of visits per foraging bout) and pollen transport observations were used to observe pollinator movement characteristics between experimental patches and re-parameterise an existing model of patch-to-patch gene flow. Levels and directions of plant gene flow were observed with phenotypic and isozyme markers, allowing validation of model predictions. Harmonic radar technology was used for the first time to track butterfly flight paths; data support the hypothesis of a 150 to 200m perceptual range, and non-random flight direction but limited association to wind direction, hedges, tracks or fence lines. Mark-re-sight observations indicated similar levels of patch visitation regardless of patch location, and trap-lining by Bombus spp. only between patches 50m or less apart. A single track road significantly enhanced gene flow between connected patches and was not a barrier to gene flow across it. In contrast, a hedge did not facilitate enhanced gene flow between connected patches and was a partial barrier where it occurred between patches. Model predictions of gene flow (1.3%, range 0.8 to 2.5%) agreed well with observed levels (ranging from 0.2 to 31.4%). It is proposed that pollinator movement observations alone could not provide an accurate means of estimating low level gene flow unless the variables of residence and pollen carryover were also considered. The possible influence of spatial and temporal variables including the role of hetero-specific forage on pollinator foraging movements and consequent plant gene flow from the local to landscape scale is also discussed
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LIU, JIA. "Possible Factors Affecting Women’s Conversational Style : An Investigation of Hedges Used by Women in the American TV-series Desperate Housewives." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Lärarutbildning, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-7793.
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Panoyan, Anna. "Facework in a Faceless Environment : A Contrastive Analysis of Hedges in Readers' Comments on Political and Personal Issues in E-newspapers." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-103407.
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The present study investigates the use of hedging devices in the readers’ comment section of the newspaper The Guardian Online. Two comment sections were chosen for the contrastive study: ‘Politics’ in the subsection ‘Comment is free’ and the series ‘Problem solved’ in the subsection ‘Life and style’. The corpus-based analysis of the frequency of hedges has revealed that the incidence of hedging devices in comments on personal issues is higher (by 19.2%) than on political articles. Three of the most frequently occurring hedging devices, namely, might, SEEM and I (don’t) think underwent further contextual analysis: the utterances containing these items were classified according to their illocutionary force, applying Bach’s (2003) classification of illocutionary acts. The most commonly hedged speech act types, characteristic of each section, were revealed. Subsequently, an attempt was made to account for these findings from the perspective of ‘face’ and ‘facework’ as represented by Brown and Levinson (1987), Lim and Bowers (1991), MacGeorge, Lichtman and Pressey (2002), Ting-Toomey and Kurogi (1998). Since hedging is considered to be an effective strategy in minimizing ‘threats’ to the face of the addressee, it has been possible to conclude that in discussions of personal issues participants are more concerned to ‘save’ the addressee’s face than in the case of political matters where the comment writers’ ‘self-face seems to be in the forefront.
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Lipp, Tobias [Verfasser], and Ronald H. W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoppe. "Numerical methods for optimization in finance: optimized hedges for options and optimized options for hedging / Tobias Lipp. Betreuer: Ronald H. W. Hoppe." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1077701640/34.
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Heidenfors, Hanna. "Traduction au cœur des émotions : Pronoms porteurs de valeurs, relation auteur-lecteur et hedging dans un texte sur le développement émotionnel de l’enfant." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89822.
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This paper presents dilemmas that arose in the process of translation to Swedish of parts of a French book on children’s emotional development and parenting. Three specific domains are discussed: 1) The choice of pronoun for child. A new genderneutral personal pronoun that has gained ground in Swedish in recent years presents a practical solution, but implies some editing in order not to be too salient and repetitive. 2) The relationship between author and readers created by an inclusive and personal language. 3) The need in the target text to add « hedges », a form of metadiscourse markers defined by Hyland (1998 :1) as « any linguistics means used to indicate either a) a lack of complete commitment to the truth value of the accompanying proposition, or b) a desire not to express that commitment categorically ». The problems and the choices made have been put into the context of the functionalist approach to translation presented by Ingo (2007). The feelings of the target text readers have been in focus in all three instances of discussion and the need for translators to be aware of metadiscourse and rhetorical conventions have been explored.
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Kjellström, Antonia. "What may or may not be certain : A Study of the Translation of Hedging Devices from English to Swedish in a Non-Fiction Text." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86270.
Full textAbstract:
Hedges, or hedging devices, are strategies that the writer or speaker can use in order to convey probability, impreciseness or vagueness. Hedges can appear in most parts of speech, for example as adjectives, adverbs or modal or lexical verbs. This study investigates the translation of hedging devices in a non-fiction text from English to Swedish. It also discusses the translation strategies used when rendering the hedging devices in the target language. The primary source of this study was a non-fictional academic text on American architectural history. The method consisted of identifying and categorizing the hedging devices of the source text and then identifying the manner in which they were translated. In the quantitative analysis, it was found that the most frequently used translation strategy was retention, i.e. literal translation, but modification and omission were also found. It was also determined that the target text used a slightly higher number of hedging devices, which could suggest a cross-cultural difference between the languages. The qualitative analysis, supported by corpora and parallel texts, found that modification occurred due to cross-cultural differences or translator preferences. Omission mainly occurred when multiple hedging devices appeared in the same sentence and the function of the omitted hedge could be inferred by the surrounding hedges.
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Nair, Dev. "State Medicaid Agencies Approaches to Quality Improvement: Implications for Policy, Practice and Health Outcomes." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/59.
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Medicaid provides coverage to approximately 60 million individuals and is the largest single payer of healthcare for children. Given this scope of the program and the concentration of low-income and minority recipients, improvements to the quality of care delivered to Medicaid members represents a significant opportunity to reduce health care disparities and improve the overall delivery and quality of healthcare within the U.S. The current study sought to evaluate the various approaches that state Medicaid agencies are taking to assess and improve the quality of care to their managed care enrollees and the degree to which they have implemented recommendations of various policy experts. A survey was distributed to the Medicaid Directors of all 50 states. A total of 23 states with risk based managed care programs responded, representing 62% of the states that have managed care programs. The results indicated that nearly all states are utilizing standard performance measures as one method to assess quality, with virtually all relying on HEDIS measures for this purpose. Additional strategies that are being used include public reporting of quality data and the use of pay-for-performance incentives; few states are currently focusing on health information technology. Recommendations are made for steps that the Medicaid program could take at both the state and federal level to further develop quality improvement programs.