Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hégélianisme'
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Tanguay, Alain. "L'hyper-hégélianisme du jeune Marx." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21833.pdf.
Full textTanguay, Alain. "L'hyper-hégélianisme du jeune Marx." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1996. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5225.
Full textHürstel, Sylvie. "Néo-hégélianisme et philosophie du droit de la République de Weimar au Troisième Reich." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120003.
Full textThe initial project to study the so-called "neo-hegelian" tendency among the german jurists "from weimar up to the third reich" is contained within a larger debate, which implicates the hegelian philosophy in its alleged ties with authoritarian or totalitarian regimes, in this instance nazism. Our attention has been particularly drawn to the philosophy of law, insofar as the political transposition of hegelian concepts is here the most apparent. But to capture the interest and specificity of the neo-hegelian discourse on the state and law, one must first beware of all finalist points of view and put in abeyance the question of hegelian filiation itself: in this way, we have tried to study this or these discourses on law from the point of view of the historical actors themselves, and through their strategic envolvment in the philosophical and political weimarian field. By these words, we mean the proper position of one's "selfs image" (selbstbild) which the actors attempted to spread in order to establish the presence and specificity of a "neo-hegelian" discourse in the fight against judicial positivism, first under weimar, then under the third reich. Therefore the center of the work has consisted in a historical and textual study of the strategies put in place by this trend in the weimarian juridicial debate, and in questionning the philosophical and strategic continuity under the third reich. At the end of the historical and discursive study, it appears that these jurists, far from forming a coherent group and from showing solidarity around a common reference - hegel - and a common explanatory line, joined in a battle of harsh intellectual fights in their reappropriation of hegel and his philosophy of law, and also revived a century-old debate on the primacy of history or philosophy within the german university
Vuillerod, Jean-Baptiste. "L’anti-hégélianisme de la philosophie française des années 1960 : constitution et limites d’un renversement philosophique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100105.
Full textThis thesis is about anti-Hegalianism of French philosophy during the 1960s. Focusing on Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze, its aim is to understand why a lot of philosophers, at that time, criticized Hegel even though his philosophy had been very successful in France from 1930s to 1950s. The comprehension of this phenomenon aspires also to show its limits, in order to go beyond the false opposition between anti-Hegelianism and Hegelianism and to think about the relevancy of Hegel’s philosophy today. In a first part, the text analyzes Althusser’s work from the master’s thesis on Hegel (1947) to the very anti-Hegelian books For Marx and Reading Capital (1965) ; then it studies Foucault’s thought to understand why he defended Hegel in 1949 and after became an anti-Hegelian philosopher during the 1950s and the 1960s ; finally, it searches why Deleuze evolved until developping a violent anti-Hegelianism in Nietzsche and Philosophy (1962) and in Difference and Repetition (1968). The conclusion tries to seize this collective phenomenon as an intellectual constellation, but also to problematize it
Sakamoto, Takashi. "Le problème de l'histoire chez Michel Foucault." Bordeaux 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR30013.
Full textHow can philosophy think its outside? What is the limit between philosophy and non-philosophy? The Hegelian philosophy tried to answer those questions by setting up a philosophic totality through dialectics and a certain philosophic way of thinking history. Our goal is to consider this relation between philosophy and non-philosophy that clearly appears in the thought of Michel Foucault, which seeks, all along its course, to free itself from the Hegelian philosophy of totality and of history, by carrying out various historical investigations. For Foucault, the main point is to call into question the naturality of objects, such as madness, crime and sexuality. Foucault constantly brings to light the multiplicity of the empirical forms of objectivation, and of subjection or subjectivation as well, inasmuch as a proliferation of histories goes against Hegel’s dialectical totality of history. As this discharge never ends once and for all, the Foucauldian thought becomes a set of attempts in order to philosophize in the non-philosophy that is history. Being against Hegel always involves thinking with him. Our analysis aims at understanding the Foucauldian efforts, by following their unfolding in the three periods that are the archaeology, the genealogy and the problematisation, and to show how they are formed and transformed around the theme of history, by a series of sometimes very minor changes. In this sense, the thought of Michel Foucault is an examination of philosophy itself facing non-philosophy
Jambois, Fabrice. "Hégélianisme et schizo-analyse : l'idée de mort et la formation de la psychiatrie matérialiste dans la philosophie de Gilles Deleuze." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20059.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the « materialist psychiatry » (also referred to as « schizoanalysis ») which Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari detailed in their 1972 work entitled Anti-Œdipus. Our project is to outline the conceptual contents of this practical theory which has too often been misapprehended and discarded as mere abstraction. Schizoanalysis, which was set up both along and against psychoanalysis, aims at reorienting the basis of psychoanalytical cures by remodelling the metapsychological theory, using the clinical study of schizophrenia. Our concern is to show evidence of a functionalist metapsychology within Anti-Œdipus and to measure exactly how and how much it bends the ways of psychoanalysis by modifying the concepts that lie at the core of its operations. In our first chapter we will pore over the concept of the “body without organs”, which falls into several distinct parts, each corresponding to a vital station, in order to show that the synthesis of the production of the unconscious is exposed in agreement with different dialectical schemes, and then to examine under which conditions this dialectic of desire is incorporated into the theory of social production. In our second chapter, we infer from Deleuze and Guattari’s metapsychology the principles of subjective interactions and we strive to determine the precise nature of the perversion that affects them, in order to get a thorough grasp of the analytical relationship which, according to Anti-Œdipus, amounts to the paradigm of a perverse relationship. Our third chapter examines to what extent psychoanalysis can be rejuvenated thanks to schizoanalysis
Zuè-Nguéma, Gilbert. ""Modernité hégélienne" et mondialisation." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010591.
Full textClochec, Pauline. "Marx jeune hégélien, 1841-1844." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN007.
Full textThe term "young Marx" refers to Marxian writings, often published posthumously, ranging from the doctoral dissertation of 1841 to at least the articles of the Annales franco-allemandes. It thus covers the period when Marx claims to be a philosopher. This first theoretical period has suffered a double and almost total theoretical exclusion. On the one hand, these early writings have been considered as symptoms of an intellectual formation that was not yet complete, whose idealism would have been surpassed by the materialist position of the “mature” Marx. This approach was represented in France in a paradigmatic way by Althusser. However, it has also characterized, from Engels to Cornu, almost all Marxist reading traditions. If symmetrically opposed readings, such as Rubel's, identifying in the theories of the young Marx the foundation of his future materialism, reversed the diagnosis, they nonetheless rejected the immanent approach to question the writings of the young Marx only in their integration with the overall Marxian evolution. On the other hand, it is the theoretical context and intertext of the young Marx's development, in this case his participation in the young Hegelian movement, which have been put aside. They have been mobilized only negatively, in order to highlight the theoretical and political originality of Marx. Now, this so-called youth period is for Marx a period of theoretical and political exploration that requires to be interrogated for itself. In addition, Marx's theoretical and sometimes editorial work in this period involves collaboration and discussion with Young Hegelian writers. What is usually highlighted in this period are the collaborations with Engels – who had been a Young Hegelian, even if this is often forgotten – putting aside other anterior and simultaneous collaborations ; like the one with Bruno Bauer (until 1842), with Arnold Ruge (in Paris) and with Moses Hess. In this succession of collaborations and polemics, Marx’s construction of theories at that time always implies, on the one hand, to situate himself in relation to Hegel, and on the other hand, to situate himself in relation to other Young Hegelians. My project, therefore, is not to oppose Marx to all the other Young Hegelians whose unanimity would be postulated, in order to value its isolated originality, but to trace Marx's theoretical evolutions by situating them within the debates which constitute the young Hegelianism. This approach must be applied not only to the philosophical dimension of Marx's "youth" texts, but also to his work on history, religion, economics, society and politics. Marx’s so-called discovery of the last three domains - usually considered as an evidence for him leaving philosophy and idealism to Young Hegelians - must be explained, at least partially, in reference to Marx’s participation to Youn Hegelianism. Understanding the young Marx involves a genetic, contextual and intertextual reading of his positions within the young Hegelian context in which Marx's propositions make sense
Puisais, Éric. "La naissance de l'hégélianisme français 1830-1870." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010681.
Full textBories, Eric. "État, culture et liberté chez Hegel." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010618.
Full textDurand, Anne. "L'anthropologie feuerbachienne : philosophie et praxis." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010544.
Full textFeuerbach's anthropological critique of Hegel's idealism has strongly influenced German materialists and humanists in the nineteenth-century as well as the following generations of thinkers. Even so particularly French scholars may still not recognize his contribution as central in the history of thought. The aim of my work is to present the development of Feuerbach's thought in particular how Feuerbach's early Hegelianism evolved into professing an empirical realism and materialist humanism, resulting in what was considered by Feuerbach himself as the negation of speculative German idealism. His critique of religion is fundamentally different from that of the French Enlightenment since according to him religion is not only fraudulent and deceptive, but also an essential anthropological feature. Essentially the thought of Feuerbach consists in a new interpretation of religion's phenomena, giving an anthropological explanation. For Feuerbach, the human subject was a complex weave of rationality and sensuality, affectivity and passivity, sociality and individualism. Contrasting with Marx's interpretation of Feuerbach, in this work 1 will study the role of the social praxis in Feuerbach's anthropology. Besides including a thorough reading of Feuerbach's work, my thesis will present a re-contextualisation of it in the Left Hegelian mouvement and after the March Revolution, as an additional rnaterial for my interpretation
Petrache, Ana. "Gaston Fessard : un chrétien de rite dialectique ?" Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE5027.
Full textThis doctoral investigation intended to explain the relationship between Catholics and Marxists in France. Later, I discovered the philosophical system of Gaston Fessard (1897-1978), a Jesuit who proposes a particular manner of reading Marx and Hegel. Fessard developed of a philosophy of history with three historical categories or three dialectics: Master-Slave, Man-Women, and Pagan-Jew. Gaston Fessard’s idea is that we should rediscover the sense of history through Hegel, sense that catholic thinking has lost with the neo-Thomism. He used this dialectic to analyze the political behavior of Left Catholics, the Communism, and Nazism (understood as political religions). My research points out those theological structures that Marxism borrowed from theology and how these structures transformed Marxism in a political religion. Furthermore, Fessard explained that left Catholics were tempted by Marxism, despite Vatican’s condemnations, because they recognize in Marxism some theological structures: election, redemption, sin, incarnation. Because of these structures they thought it was possible to use Marxist theory in order to reform the society and the Church in the same time. In turn, Fessard rejects this way of doing political theology. His central argument was that this is not compatible with the social doctrine of the Church. He strived to convince the Catholics that they should rather apply St. Ignace spiritual exercises in order to establish a Christian political attitude in some concrete political situations
García, Vivien. "Le sort de la philosophie : Michel Bakounine, Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx, Max Stirner : quatre itinéraires jeunes-hégéliens (1842-1843)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAP003.
Full textThe names of Bakunin, Engels, Marx, or Stirner are hardly ever associated withthe Young Hegelian movement. Bakunin and Stirner are generally associated withanarchism and Marx and Engels with marxism. Their lives and the fate of theirworks could do no more than obliterate the mutual and concomitant contributionsof these authors to what has sometimes been described as a philosophicalschool. This participation, in any case, occured thirty years before thecristallisation of the aforesaid political movements.This research proposes an immanent, and at the same time contextual, reading ofthe main texts written by these authors between 1842 and 1843. The theories ofeach of them are presented in accordance with their own questions and issues,focusing on the conceptual borrowings and innovations realised as aconsequence. They are expounded through a perpetual to and fro between theproblematic field related to the movement from which they were born and inwhich they participated.Nevertheless this study cannot be reduced to a mere contribution to the historyof ideas. One of the key interests of the analysed texts lies in what they tellus, from a post-hegelian perspective, about philosophy. When they describetheir epoch, they all conclude that there is no identity of the rational andthe real. There is still much to do for those who do not abandon the idea of therealisation of freedom in history. However, according to Hegel, philosophy canonly describe the process or the results of this realisation. Cannot philosophycontribute to the destiny it revealed? And if not, is it possible to renewphilosophy? How? Would an exit from philosophy be preferable? Other forms oftheoretical and practical intervention could be invented. But then, what aboutthe "philosophical" that remains?
García, Vivien. "Le sort de la philosophie : Michel Bakounine, Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx, Max Stirner : quatre itinéraires jeunes-hégéliens (1842-1843)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAP003.
Full textThe names of Bakunin, Engels, Marx, or Stirner are hardly ever associated withthe Young Hegelian movement. Bakunin and Stirner are generally associated withanarchism and Marx and Engels with marxism. Their lives and the fate of theirworks could do no more than obliterate the mutual and concomitant contributionsof these authors to what has sometimes been described as a philosophicalschool. This participation, in any case, occured thirty years before thecristallisation of the aforesaid political movements.This research proposes an immanent, and at the same time contextual, reading ofthe main texts written by these authors between 1842 and 1843. The theories ofeach of them are presented in accordance with their own questions and issues,focusing on the conceptual borrowings and innovations realised as aconsequence. They are expounded through a perpetual to and fro between theproblematic field related to the movement from which they were born and inwhich they participated.Nevertheless this study cannot be reduced to a mere contribution to the historyof ideas. One of the key interests of the analysed texts lies in what they tellus, from a post-hegelian perspective, about philosophy. When they describetheir epoch, they all conclude that there is no identity of the rational andthe real. There is still much to do for those who do not abandon the idea of therealisation of freedom in history. However, according to Hegel, philosophy canonly describe the process or the results of this realisation. Cannot philosophycontribute to the destiny it revealed? And if not, is it possible to renewphilosophy? How? Would an exit from philosophy be preferable? Other forms oftheoretical and practical intervention could be invented. But then, what aboutthe "philosophical" that remains?
Cantin-Brault, Antoine. "La possibilité de la philosophie : étude sur l'interprétation hégélienne d'Héraclite." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27865/27865.pdf.
Full textApicella, Nicola. "Georges Bataille et Alexandre Kojève : la blessure de l’Histoire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH153.
Full textThis thesis proposes to genealogically question the formative power that Hegel's philosophy ex-erted on Georges Bataille's thought. From the end of the 1920s, the system of Absolute Knowledge constantly nourished the work of this intellectual who is often described, too hastily, as anti-systematic, and for whom the decisive meeting of Alexandre Kojeve, one of Hegel's first exegetes in France, played an exceptional role in redefining the limits and the stakes of discursive knowledge when confronted with the sovereignty of "non-knowing". Nevertheless, this operation was not line-ar: from the time of the review Documents and until his death, Bataille calibrated his Hegelianism (or anti-Hegelianism) very differently depending on the intellectual circumstances, by reacting first to the suggestions of surrealism, then to the impulse of new "bourgeois" doctrines such as psychoanal-ysis and sociology, and finally to the teaching of Alexandre Kojève. We therefore have at least three critical trajectories that cross and disrupt the Hegelian doctrine, which will emerge gradually as re-jected, then recovered with reservations and finally reworked in an original way. Three stages that show a Bataille capable of integrating into his thinking some discursive models that do not diminish its power but which, on the contrary, emerge enriched by a new impetus that removes any schema-tism from them towards a more fluid structure that shakes up their cardinal points. In this work of intellectual history, it has therefore been necessary to adopt a diachronic rather than a synchronic approach. The secondary literature that has focused on the contribution of Hegel's philosophy to Bataillian thought has often made the mistake of bringing together texts that are far removed in time in order to derive analogies and convergences that, with the aim of elucidating a certain inter-nal coherence to this thought itself, trivialize all its asperities and "wrong turns". What stands out is the idea that there is a block "Hegel-Bataille" or "Kojeve-Bataille" more or less well defined and dif-ficult to question. The weakness of this approach cannot be more blatant: not taking into considera-tion the very rich articulation of the issues that these pairs put in place at different times, marked by requirements that cannot always be staked, it paralyzes an intellectual relationship that was made and undone over the course of about twenty years. Thus, we try to follow the structural evolution of a posture, Bataille’s one, which makes of fluidity and hesitation its argumentative style. For this reason, we relied more on his texts, published and unpublished, than on the secondary references, seeking to limit cross readings and anachronisms to understand why, in 1950, Bataille confessed be-ing an "Hegelian by training" (de « formation hégélienne ») – a confession coming from someone who since 1929 had sided with the formless (informe) – and why Kojève will show him a growing respect and intellectual proximity
Giacone, Alessia. "L'essenza e la forma : la presenza di Aristotele nella "Wesenslogik" di Hegel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H206.
Full textThe aim of this research is to prove the relationship between the Hegelian concept of Wesen and Aristotle's ti en einai from a not merely lexical point of view. I will specially attempt the reading of some fundamental moments of the Science of logic using the Lectures on the history of philosophy that Hegel dedicates to the Stagirite. Both signifiers, Wesen and ti en einai, refer to a sense of past, but timelessly past (zeitlos), which is pregnantly speculative. Hegel structures the division of the Objective Logic in two books, "Being" and ''Essence", on the mode( of the Aristotelian episteme. True science, meaning the one that goes deeply, looks beyond Being (to on) and, once found its Essence (ti en einai), puts this fast one as its abject. The logical journey from Being to Essence thinks highly this truth. I am convinced that founding such a relationship between the above-mentioned terms has a twofold contribution: On the one hand, which one of clarifying some key-moments of the Doctrine of Essence, so disambiguating expressions, or "formulas" that the Stagirite frequently uses as synonyms (i.e. essence, act, purpose and form); On the other hand, which one of reading, and correctly understanding, the past tense en in the middle of the Aristotelian formula; a past tense definitely metaphysical, which refers to what is necessary, unchangeable, out of time just because it is what time needs most of all and what legitimates time. The dissertation articulates into four chapters, corresponding to four distinct moments of investigation: Chapter I starts with some methodological remarks, and then provides my first general interpretation of the Hegelian Essence as dynamis. I will found this kind of reading on the Aristotelian concepts of essence, act and purpose. The analysis focuses on Aristotle's Metaphysics and approaches a germinal connection between Wesen, An-sich, ousia, dynamis.Chapter Il concems the recollection (sich erinnert) of Being in Essence, that is, switching to a different Ievel of logical argumentation, its connection on one side with Platonic anamnesis, on the other one with the Aristotelian ti en einai. Both anà and en refer to a past that is not truly such: it has no-time significance but clearly a logical-metaphysical one. Logical development is not made up of continuity but rather of breaks and always-new demotions; it recalls some famous words Socrates says to Meno: "And isn't finding knowledge within oneself recollection?" (Meno, 85e-86a). Chapter III, in a direct link with the previous ones, thematizes the role of Reflexion as that immanent process of Essence, rethinking the complex balance of Being and Essence as, respectively, proteron pros hemas and proteron te physei, in turn corresponding to the Aristotelian formulas ti esti and ti en einai. Chapter IV, which takes crosswise the themes of the previous chapters, deals with the problem of Wirklichkeit at the end of the Doctrine of Essence, interpreting it in its twofold meaning of energeia and entelecheia. Despite Hegel, in his Lectures on the history of philosophy, apparently considers entelecheia as the most proper determination of energeia, he actually reveals two distinct senses, which correspond to different ranges of use. Wirklichkeit is then determined both as effectuality and as the determinacy of purpose. If, on the one band, Hegel accomplishes a great ontological building, on the other band he grounds an effectual reality that is only possible, still to submit to the scrutiny of the Subject, Concept, and Idea
Scopo del presente lavoro di ricerca è fondare la filiazione tra Wesen hegeliano e ti en einai aristotelico da un punto di vista non meramente lessicale, tentando principalmente la lettura di alcuni momenti chiave della Scienza della logica al filtro delle Lezioni sulla storia della filosofia dedicate ad Aristotele. Entrambi i significanti, tanto il Wesen quanto il ti en einai, mettono infatti in gioco un senso di passato, ma passato fuori dal tempo, che è esso stesso teoretico e speculativo. La distinzione della logica oggettiva in logica dell’essere e logica dell’essenza è un calco aristotelico. La vera scienza, la scienza cioè che va in profondità, cerca oltre l’essere (to on) e, trovatane l’essenza (ti en einai) ne fa il suo oggetto. Il cammino che conduce dall’essere all’essenza, o meglio che dall’essere svela l’essenza nella Scienza della logica pensa al massimo grado questa verità. Crediamo che la dimostrazione di una simile filiazione tra i due termini abbia un duplice merito: anzitutto, quello di chiarificare alcuni momenti estremamente importanti della Dottrina dell’essenza disambiguando, nel farlo, alcune espressioni o termini di cui lo Stagirita ha fatto largo uso cadendo spesso nella sinonimia (tra tutti essenza, atto, fine e forma); dall’altro, quello di leggere in modo corretto l’imperfetto en della formula aristotelica – un imperfetto che non può non essere metafisico e riguardare, cioè, ciò che è necessario, immutabile, fuori dal tempo proprio in quanto ciò che più di tutto occorre al tempo, e che perciò stesso lo legittima. Il lavoro si articola in quattro capitoli, che corrispondono a quattro ben distinti momenti di indagine: Il primo capitolo, dopo alcune considerazioni di carattere metodologico, offre una prima generale interpretazione dell’essenza come dynamis, imperniando il parallelo sui concetti aristotelici di essenza, atto e fine. L’analisi è condotta principalmente sul testo della Metafisica. Si approccia una germinale connessione tra Wesen, An-sich, ousia, dynamis. Il secondo capitolo ripensa il sich erinnert dell’essere nell’essenza, vale a dire il passaggio a un diverso livello di argomentazione logica, a partire dal suo legame da un lato con l’anamnesis platonica, dall’altro col ti en einai aristotelico. Sia l’anà che l’en alludono infatti ad un passato che non è veramente tale, che non ha valenza temporale ma chiaramente logico-metafisica. E il procedimento logico, fatto non di continuità ma piuttosto di rotture e di sempre nuove retrocessioni, sembrerebbe richiamare proprio una certa frase di Socrate a Menone: “[m]a ricavar da sé, in sé, la propria scienza, non è appunto ricordare?” (Menone, 85e-86a). Il terzo capitolo, in diretta connessione con il precedente, problematizza il ruolo della Reflexion come processualità immanente dell’essenza, ripensando il complesso equilibrio di essere ed essenza come, rispettivamente, proteron pros hemas e proteron te physei, a sua volta corrispondenti alle espressioni aristoteliche ti esti e ti en einai.Il quarto capitolo, che riprende in modo incrociato le tematiche dei capitoli precedenti, affronta il problema della Wirklichkeit a chiusura della Dottrina dell’essenza, interpretandola nel suo duplice senso di energeia e entelecheia. Malgrado Hegel, nelle Lezioni sulla storia della filosofia, consideri apparentemente l’entelecheia come “la specificazione più propria” dell’energeia, ne emergono due sensi distinti e non propriamente sovrapponibili. La Wirklichkeit si determina quindi tanto come effettualità, quanto come finale determinazione del fine. Se, da un lato, Hegel porta qui a compimento una grandiosa trattazione di ontologia, dall’altro apre le porte all’interpretazione di un reale solo possibile, da sottoporre ancora al vaglio del Soggetto e dell’Idea
Acri, Soares Mariana D'. "Les premiers pas de la raison chez Hegel." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H201.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to follow Hegel's path in the construction of his conception of reason in some of his first writings. We start analyzing the texts from Stuttgart (1785 - 1788) to 1800. We will show that Hegel has always intended to conceive reason differently from understanding and that his conception of reason corresponds to his ideal of unity, the unity of the universal and the individuality, his ideal of youth. Our study will guide to a comprehension of this ideal as an aesthetical-political ideal. Next, we will study two texts from the beginning of his stay at Iena – “The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's Systems of Philosophy and Faith and Knowledge”. The aim at this point is to show how Hegel starts elaborating his speculative philosophy as the auto production and autorecognition of reason. We also show that at the same time Hegel critics Kant's philosophy, he recognizes its value. Finally, the research presents the conception of reason at the Phenomenology of the Spirit. We follow the path of the "active reason" in its quest for the happy state, of fairness as the actualization of the unity of the universal and the individuality and we see the appearance of his intersubjective character. Our main objective is to show, despite the future development of his thoughts, the conception of reason remains as an ideal of unification
Giacone, Alessia. "L'essenza e la forma. Aristotele nella Wesenslogik di Hegel." Doctoral thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3260582.
Full textGiacone, Alessia. "L'essenza e la forma : la presenza di Aristotele nella "Wesenslogik" di Hegel." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H206.
Full textThe aim of this research is to prove the relationship between the Hegelian concept of Wesen and Aristotle's ti en einai from a not merely lexical point of view. I will specially attempt the reading of some fundamental moments of the Science of logic using the Lectures on the history of philosophy that Hegel dedicates to the Stagirite. Both signifiers, Wesen and ti en einai, refer to a sense of past, but timelessly past (zeitlos), which is pregnantly speculative. Hegel structures the division of the Objective Logic in two books, "Being" and ''Essence", on the mode( of the Aristotelian episteme. True science, meaning the one that goes deeply, looks beyond Being (to on) and, once found its Essence (ti en einai), puts this fast one as its abject. The logical journey from Being to Essence thinks highly this truth. I am convinced that founding such a relationship between the above-mentioned terms has a twofold contribution: On the one hand, which one of clarifying some key-moments of the Doctrine of Essence, so disambiguating expressions, or "formulas" that the Stagirite frequently uses as synonyms (i.e. essence, act, purpose and form); On the other hand, which one of reading, and correctly understanding, the past tense en in the middle of the Aristotelian formula; a past tense definitely metaphysical, which refers to what is necessary, unchangeable, out of time just because it is what time needs most of all and what legitimates time. The dissertation articulates into four chapters, corresponding to four distinct moments of investigation: Chapter I starts with some methodological remarks, and then provides my first general interpretation of the Hegelian Essence as dynamis. I will found this kind of reading on the Aristotelian concepts of essence, act and purpose. The analysis focuses on Aristotle's Metaphysics and approaches a germinal connection between Wesen, An-sich, ousia, dynamis.Chapter Il concems the recollection (sich erinnert) of Being in Essence, that is, switching to a different Ievel of logical argumentation, its connection on one side with Platonic anamnesis, on the other one with the Aristotelian ti en einai. Both anà and en refer to a past that is not truly such: it has no-time significance but clearly a logical-metaphysical one. Logical development is not made up of continuity but rather of breaks and always-new demotions; it recalls some famous words Socrates says to Meno: "And isn't finding knowledge within oneself recollection?" (Meno, 85e-86a). Chapter III, in a direct link with the previous ones, thematizes the role of Reflexion as that immanent process of Essence, rethinking the complex balance of Being and Essence as, respectively, proteron pros hemas and proteron te physei, in turn corresponding to the Aristotelian formulas ti esti and ti en einai. Chapter IV, which takes crosswise the themes of the previous chapters, deals with the problem of Wirklichkeit at the end of the Doctrine of Essence, interpreting it in its twofold meaning of energeia and entelecheia. Despite Hegel, in his Lectures on the history of philosophy, apparently considers entelecheia as the most proper determination of energeia, he actually reveals two distinct senses, which correspond to different ranges of use. Wirklichkeit is then determined both as effectuality and as the determinacy of purpose. If, on the one band, Hegel accomplishes a great ontological building, on the other band he grounds an effectual reality that is only possible, still to submit to the scrutiny of the Subject, Concept, and Idea
Scopo del presente lavoro di ricerca è fondare la filiazione tra Wesen hegeliano e ti en einai aristotelico da un punto di vista non meramente lessicale, tentando principalmente la lettura di alcuni momenti chiave della Scienza della logica al filtro delle Lezioni sulla storia della filosofia dedicate ad Aristotele. Entrambi i significanti, tanto il Wesen quanto il ti en einai, mettono infatti in gioco un senso di passato, ma passato fuori dal tempo, che è esso stesso teoretico e speculativo. La distinzione della logica oggettiva in logica dell’essere e logica dell’essenza è un calco aristotelico. La vera scienza, la scienza cioè che va in profondità, cerca oltre l’essere (to on) e, trovatane l’essenza (ti en einai) ne fa il suo oggetto. Il cammino che conduce dall’essere all’essenza, o meglio che dall’essere svela l’essenza nella Scienza della logica pensa al massimo grado questa verità. Crediamo che la dimostrazione di una simile filiazione tra i due termini abbia un duplice merito: anzitutto, quello di chiarificare alcuni momenti estremamente importanti della Dottrina dell’essenza disambiguando, nel farlo, alcune espressioni o termini di cui lo Stagirita ha fatto largo uso cadendo spesso nella sinonimia (tra tutti essenza, atto, fine e forma); dall’altro, quello di leggere in modo corretto l’imperfetto en della formula aristotelica – un imperfetto che non può non essere metafisico e riguardare, cioè, ciò che è necessario, immutabile, fuori dal tempo proprio in quanto ciò che più di tutto occorre al tempo, e che perciò stesso lo legittima. Il lavoro si articola in quattro capitoli, che corrispondono a quattro ben distinti momenti di indagine: Il primo capitolo, dopo alcune considerazioni di carattere metodologico, offre una prima generale interpretazione dell’essenza come dynamis, imperniando il parallelo sui concetti aristotelici di essenza, atto e fine. L’analisi è condotta principalmente sul testo della Metafisica. Si approccia una germinale connessione tra Wesen, An-sich, ousia, dynamis. Il secondo capitolo ripensa il sich erinnert dell’essere nell’essenza, vale a dire il passaggio a un diverso livello di argomentazione logica, a partire dal suo legame da un lato con l’anamnesis platonica, dall’altro col ti en einai aristotelico. Sia l’anà che l’en alludono infatti ad un passato che non è veramente tale, che non ha valenza temporale ma chiaramente logico-metafisica. E il procedimento logico, fatto non di continuità ma piuttosto di rotture e di sempre nuove retrocessioni, sembrerebbe richiamare proprio una certa frase di Socrate a Menone: “[m]a ricavar da sé, in sé, la propria scienza, non è appunto ricordare?” (Menone, 85e-86a). Il terzo capitolo, in diretta connessione con il precedente, problematizza il ruolo della Reflexion come processualità immanente dell’essenza, ripensando il complesso equilibrio di essere ed essenza come, rispettivamente, proteron pros hemas e proteron te physei, a sua volta corrispondenti alle espressioni aristoteliche ti esti e ti en einai.Il quarto capitolo, che riprende in modo incrociato le tematiche dei capitoli precedenti, affronta il problema della Wirklichkeit a chiusura della Dottrina dell’essenza, interpretandola nel suo duplice senso di energeia e entelecheia. Malgrado Hegel, nelle Lezioni sulla storia della filosofia, consideri apparentemente l’entelecheia come “la specificazione più propria” dell’energeia, ne emergono due sensi distinti e non propriamente sovrapponibili. La Wirklichkeit si determina quindi tanto come effettualità, quanto come finale determinazione del fine. Se, da un lato, Hegel porta qui a compimento una grandiosa trattazione di ontologia, dall’altro apre le porte all’interpretazione di un reale solo possibile, da sottoporre ancora al vaglio del Soggetto e dell’Idea
Horrie, Anthony. "Analyse de la notion de Décroissance sous l'angle de la théorie d'Économie Générale de Georges Bataille." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC042/document.
Full textAn economic operation relies, after all, upon one single thing. Upon one of the most elementary things, that is, simply: the use of an object. Such is the root of any economic act, i.e. of any act which, at some time, purports to be useful or profitable. But one effect entailed by such an act is to cancel all the value that such an object may instantaneoulsy present (such as its spell, drollery or, yet, its oddness). In other words, the use of an object implies that the sensitive value of that object be substituted by another sort of value, namely its use value. However, as a matter of fact, the useful employment of something is in no way automatic. Indeed, such a useful employment of things is actually equivalent to a deliberate opposition to the usual course of things, which consists, on the contrary, of a useless expenditure of all things... Still, from a general point of view, such a deliberate act against this usual course of things only achieves, after all, to always increase it. Just because such an act (thus, not being automatic), yet before it may have started to operate, first has to dissipate for itself a whole bunch of available forces. All of this leads us to acknowledge that the true product of an economic operation is always only a better squandering of the riches at disposal. It is according to this point of view that my research has focused on the notion of Degrowth, by combining Georges Bataille’s theory of “general economy” with economist Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen’s works
Giacone, Alessia. "L'essenza e la forma. La presenza di Aristotele nella Wesenslogik di Hegel." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425356.
Full textL'essenza e la forma. La presenza di Aristotele nella «Wesenslogik» di Hegel Scopo del presente lavoro di ricerca è fondare la filiazione tra «Wesen» hegeliano e «ti en einai» aristotelico da un punto di vista non meramente lessicale, tentando principalmente la lettura di alcuni momenti chiave della Scienza della logica al filtro delle Lezioni sulla storia della filosofia dedicate ad Aristotele. Entrambi i significanti, tanto il Wesen quanto il ti en einai, mettono infatti in gioco un senso di passato, ma passato fuori dal tempo, che è esso stesso teoretico e speculativo. La distinzione della logica oggettiva in logica dell’essere e logica dell’essenza è un calco aristotelico. La vera scienza, la scienza cioè che va in profondità, cerca oltre l’essere (to on) e, trovatane l’essenza (ti en einai) ne fa il suo oggetto. Il cammino che conduce dall’essere all’essenza, o meglio che dall’essere svela l’essenza nella Scienza della logica pensa al massimo grado questa verità. Crediamo che la dimostrazione di una simile filiazione tra i due termini abbia un duplice merito: anzitutto, quello di chiarificare alcuni momenti estremamente importanti della Dottrina dell’essenza disambiguando, nel farlo, alcune espressioni o termini di cui lo Stagirita ha fatto largo uso cadendo spesso nella sinonimia (tra tutti essenza, atto, fine e forma); dall’altro, quello di leggere in modo corretto l’imperfetto en della formula aristotelica – un imperfetto che non può non essere metafisico e riguardare, cioè, ciò che è necessario, immutabile, fuori dal tempo proprio in quanto ciò che più di tutto occorre al tempo, e che perciò stesso lo legittima. Il lavoro si articola in quattro capitoli, che corrispondono a quattro ben distinti momenti di indagine: Il primo capitolo, dopo alcune considerazioni di carattere metodologico, offre una prima generale interpretazione dell’essenza come dynamis, imperniando il parallelo sui concetti aristotelici di essenza, atto e fine. L’analisi è condotta principalmente sul testo della Metafisica. Si approccia una germinale connessione tra Wesen, An-sich, ousia, dynamis. Il secondo capitolo ripensa il sich erinnert dell’essere nell’essenza, vale a dire il passaggio a un diverso livello di argomentazione logica, a partire dal suo legame da un lato con l’anamnesis platonica, dall’altro col ti en einai aristotelico. Sia l’anà che l’en alludono infatti ad un passato che non è veramente tale, che non ha valenza temporale ma chiaramente logico-metafisica. E il procedimento logico, fatto non di continuità ma piuttosto di rotture e di sempre nuove retrocessioni, sembrerebbe richiamare proprio una certa frase di Socrate a Menone: “[m]a ricavar da sé, in sé, la propria scienza, non è appunto ricordare?” (Menone, 85e-86a). Il terzo capitolo, in diretta connessione con il precedente, problematizza il ruolo della Reflexion come processualità immanente dell’essenza, ripensando il complesso equilibrio di essere ed essenza come, rispettivamente, proteron pros hemas e proteron te physei, a sua volta corrispondenti alle espressioni aristoteliche ti esti e ti en einai. Il quarto capitolo, che riprende in modo incrociato le tematiche dei capitoli precedenti, affronta il problema della Wirklichkeit a chiusura della Dottrina dell’essenza, interpretandola nel suo duplice senso di energeia e entelecheia. Malgrado Hegel, nelle Lezioni sulla storia della filosofia, consideri apparentemente l’entelecheia come “la specificazione più propria” dell’energeia, ne emergono due sensi distinti e non propriamente sovrapponibili. La Wirklichkeit si determina quindi tanto come effettualità, quanto come finale determinazione del fine. Se, da un lato, Hegel porta qui a compimento una grandiosa trattazione di ontologia, dall’altro apre le porte all’interpretazione di un reale solo possibile, da sottoporre ancora al vaglio del Soggetto e dell’Idea.