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Journal articles on the topic 'Heliacal rising'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ates, Alper K., and Glenn Maffia. "The Temple of Apollo in Didyma." Journal of Skyscape Archaeology 9, no. 2 (2024): 181–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jsa.23277.

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The Temple of Apollo in Didyma, located on the Aegean coast of southwestern Turkey, is not aligned towards the cardinal directions: GPS measurements and satellite imagery indicate that the azimuth of the temple is 55.117°. Lack of prominent geological features in the surrounding landscape raise the idea of a probable celestial orientation. Various orientation studies have suggested bright stars of Gemini, sunrise direction during the summer solstice or the heliacal rising direction of Cygnus and Lyra during the winter solstice as potential vantage directions, and we propose that the temple is

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2

Gautschy, Rita, Michael E. Habicht, Francesco M. Galassi, Daniela Rutica, Frank J. Rühli, and Rainer Hannig. "A New Astronomically Based Chronological Model for the Egyptian Old Kingdom." Journal of Egyptian History 10, no. 2 (2017): 69–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340035.

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Abstract A recently discovered inscription on an ancient Egyptian ointment jar mentions the heliacal rising of Sirius. In the time of the early Pharaohs, this specific astronomical event marked the beginning of the Egyptian New Year and originally the annual return of the Nile flood, making it of great ritual importance. Since the Egyptian civil calendar of 365 days permanently shifted one day in four years in comparison to the stars due to the lack of intercalation, the connection of a date from the Egyptian civil calendar with the heliacal rising of Sothis is vitally important for the recons

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3

Salt, Alun, and Efrosyni Boutsikas. "Knowing when to consult the oracle at Delphi." Antiquity 79, no. 305 (2005): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00114504.

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The cities of Greece had their own calendars, so how did they all know when the god Apollo had returned from the northern realms and it was time to consult the oracle at Delphi? The authors show that the heliacal rising of the constellation Delphinus probably provided the annual marker, and that because of the mountains it appeared to rise a month later at Delphi than elsewhere, giving would-be visitors time to travel. The landscape of Delphi was itself instrumental in creating or enhancing the cosmology of Apollo.

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Adams, Danielle K. "When the Scorpion Climbs." Cosmovisiones / Cosmovisões 5, no. 1 (2024): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/26840162e001.

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Traditional naked-eye astronomy was a rich element of Arab culture that figured prominently in the daily lives of herdsmen, farmers and fishermen, and others (Varisco 2000). These cultural practices were passed down from ancestors to successors, and the knowledge was preserved through oral poetry and rhymed prose, both of them ancient and honored Arab traditions. Abbasid (750-1258 CE) historians were the first to document traditional Arab astronomical knowledge, the most complete extant work being the Kitab al-Anwā’ (1956) of Ibn Qutayba (d. 889 CE). His work and the remnants of other works (s

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Adams, Danielle. "Rising Star Paradigms: Encoding Seasonal Times in Arabic Saj’a Rhymes." Culture and Cosmos 27, no. 0102 (2023): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.01227.0201.

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An ancient art form which may have predated classical Arabic poetry, Arabic rhymed prose—a piece of which is called sajʿa—contains a rhyme at the end of each phrase, but no internal meter, making it easy to memorize and transmit orally. This form of Arabic literature found many uses in pre-Islamic times for orations and in early Islamic times for both religious formulaic practices and secular aphorisms. Among these was a growing set of maxims that used rhymed prose to describe the seasonal conditions that occurred at the heliacal rising of a star or asterism. These pieces of rhymed prose addre

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6

Edwards, Edmundo. "Astronomically aligned religious structures on Raiatea and Raivavae and the Matariki festival of 1770 on Easter Island." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S278 (2011): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311012701.

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AbstractEastern Polynesian astronomy was practiced by navigators and astronomer-priests who were in charge of adjusting the lunar calendar and their annual ritual cycle of activities known as ‘The Work of the Gods’. The festivity known in Polynesia as Matariki, Matali'i or Matari'i was related to the heliacal and acronical rising and setting of the Pleiades. A study of 75 marae on the island of Raivavae, Austral Islands and of 7 marae in the island of Raiatea, Society Islands shows that there are alignments towards important star positions associated with this ritual cycle. Their use as observ

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7

Saletta, Morgan. "The archaeoastronomy of the megalithic monuments of Arles–Fontvieille: the equinox, the Pleiades and Orion." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S278 (2011): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311012816.

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AbstractThe megalithic monuments of Arles–Fontvieille appear to have been deliberately constructed such that a ray of the setting sun on and around the equinox penetrates the subterranean chamber producing a spectacular light-and-shadow hierophany. Moreover, at one of the sites there is evidence in the form of rock art that observations were also being made of heliacal rising and settings, possibly of both the Pleiades and Orion. The equinox hierophany has been documented at three of the four intact monuments of the group. This phenomenon was probably exploited for sacred ritualistic purposes

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Mironova, Alexandra. "Semantics of the Images of a Cow's Head in Egyptian Monuments of the Predynastic and Early Dynastic Periods." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 1 (2025): 38. https://doi.org/10.31696/s086919080033912-0.

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The article analyzes the images of a cow head with five stars from the Gerzeh Palette (Naqada II), a cylinder seal from Abydos (Naqada II–III), and a bowl from Hierakonpolis (1st Dynasty).The author considers the correlation between these motifs and the image of a cow on the bone tablet of king Djer from Abydos (1st Dynasty), representing the goddess Sothis as the giver of the flood. A comparative analysis of the iconography of “star” cow heads with images of “dancing” women with raised arms, which are depicted on the vessels of the Naqada culture, is carried out. The study reveals that the im

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9

Azizov, Saidbakhrom. "ЛУЧЕЗАРНАЯ ЗВЕЗДА В "ДИВАН ЛУГАТ АТ-ТЮРК" МАХМЫТА КАШГАРЛЫ". "XXI asr: fan va taʼlim masalalari" ilmiy elektron jurnali, № 1 (3 червня 2025): 606–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15580017.

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<em>В статье рассматриваются астрономические сведения, содержащиеся в древнетюркском памятнике </em><em>XI</em><em> века — «Диван лугат ат-турк» Махмуда Кашгари. Особое внимание уделено описанию яркой звезды, которая идентифицируется с Сириусом (в тюркской традиции — Яруг юлдуз, в иранской — Тиштрия, в египетской — Сотис). Автор показывает, что восход Сириуса весной в Центральной Азии фиксировался как значимое астрономическое событие задолго до аналогичных наблюдений в Древнем Египте и Греции. На основе текстологического анализа и сопоставления с «Авес

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10

Geller, M. J. "Astronomy and authorship." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 53, no. 2 (1990): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00026033.

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A new edition of the astronomical compilation MUL.APIN follows closely upon the recent publication of two sections of the large compendium of Babylonian astronomical omens known as Enūma Anu Enlil. The text of MUL.APIN likewise includes a section of astronomical omens, as well as a catalogue of stars, including the ‘fixed’ (ziqpu) stars, and information regarding the planets, heliacal risings, the path of the moon, calendrical intercalations, and a shadow table and water clock. This modern edition is clearly presented nd well-translated, and includes notes on both the philology and astronomy o

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Vondrák, J., V. Böhm, and B. Böhm. "Maya records of planetary conjunctions in Dresden Codex." Serbian Astronomical Journal, no. 208 (2024): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj2408047v.

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Old Mayas designed a very complicated calendar, and they also recorded important historical events and astronomical phenomena. Dresden Codex (DC), one of the four preserved Mayan hieroglyphic literal legacies, contains many of these, covering the classical period of Maya history. The records of these events in DC are given in the so-called Long Count (LC), the number of days elapsed from the origin of Maya chronology. The difference between LC and Julian Date, used in today's astronomy, is traditionally called correlation. More than fifty different values of the correlation have been published

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Böhm, V., B. Böhm, J. Klokocník, J. Vondrák, and J. Kostelecký. "Astronomical phenomena in Dresden codex." Serbian Astronomical Journal, no. 186 (2013): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj121221001b.

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The relationship between Maya and our calendar is expressed by a coefficient known as ?correlation? which is a number of days that we have to add to the Mayan Long Count date to get Julian Date used in astronomy. There is surprisingly large uncertainty in the value of the correlation, yielding a shift between both calendars (and thus between the history of Maya and of our world) to typically several hundred years. There are more than 50 diverse values of the correlation, some of them derived from historical, other by astronomical data. We test here (among others) the well established Goodman-M

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13

Hohenegger, J. A. "Status and Conservation of the Saker Falcon in Austria." Raptors Conservation, no. 2 (2023): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2023-2-443-446.

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The short lecture summarizes the results of a conservation program for the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in Austria for the years 2011–2022. The species reaches the western limit of its global distribution in Austria. Therefore, it is restricted to the east of the country and naturally a scarce species with high conservation concern. When Saker Falcons showed a growing tendency to nest in abandoned corvid nests on high-voltage power lines from the late 1990s on, the Austrian Ornithological Center (AOC, formerly Vetmeduni) and Austrian Power Grid (APG) supported the species from 2007 onward by p

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14

Agius, George, Lorraine Brown Read, and Frank Ventura. "Revisiting the 5000-Year-Old Tally at Mnajdra, Malta." Journal of Skyscape Archaeology 7, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jsa.19438.

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The pillars at the entrance of the inner apse of one of the cluster of Neolithic temples at Mnajdra, Malta display rows of drilled holes which have been interpreted as a tally of days. Furthermore, it has been proposed that the number of holes in the rows on the east pillar coincides well with a sequence of intervals between the heliacal rising of bright stars or star groups. Is this remarkable correspondence simply a chance occurrence, or do the drilled holes represent material evidence of deliberate time reckoning by means of heliacal star risings in the Neolithic age? This question has led

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15

Malkhasyan, H. A. "On The Astronomical Context of Fish-shaped Vishap Stone Stelae." Communications of the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, January 9, 2024, 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52526/25792776-23.70.2-249.

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The work discusses the problems related to the celestial parallels of Fish-shaped Vishap (dragon) stone stelae. In particular, it is shown that these monuments are the material manifestations of the cult of the constellation Pisces Austrinus (the Southern Fish) and relate to the modern Pisces of zodiac only indirectly. At the same time, the well-known result of their dating by astronomical methods does not change qualitatively, but is more clarified, by placing about 18800 BC. Here, the coincidence of the heliacal rising of Fomalhaut (α Piscis Austrini) and the ancient Armenian Navasard holida

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16

Malkhasyan, H. A. "Archaeoastronomy. On “Observational Technologies” in Ancient Armenia." Communications of the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, December 29, 2022, 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52526/25792776-22.69.2-324.

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The paper provides some general information on the recent studies of the “Zorats Qarer” megalithic monument, in particular, some “observational instruments” and the possible observational methodology. Several types of “observational tools” are described, namely “observational platforms” that have their own “guiding stones”, stones with holes and the so-called “angular stones”. Observational “stone tools” of the “mixed type” (multifunctional) were also found in the monument. Recent studies have also shown that the observations were made in 3 main positions: standing, sitting (“on the seating pl

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17

Castro, Martin Belen. "A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE EGYPTIAN CALENDARS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF TIME MEASUREMENT IN ANCIENT EGYPT FROM NABTA PLAYA TO THE PTOLEMIES." May 12, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18446.

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Chronology is the foundation of every archaeological research. Every single object, a text, or even the greatest monuments must be understood within their period of time. In certain occasions ancient authors have given a clear statement of the date of a piece but, even in these cases, we find ourselves with the task of translating ancient dates to our modern calendar system. To do that the first option that learned individuals should know is the history of the calendar itself. The aim of this study is to review the chronological development of time reckoning and calculation systems or calendar

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18

Alcouffe, Ameline, Sylvie Duchesne, Irina Tupikova, et al. "From Stars to State: Astral Patterns and the Rise of Pharaonic Egypt at Adaïma (Upper Egypt)." Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 32, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-025-09724-6.

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Abstract This article examines the role of rural communities in shaping early Egyptian statehood through the evolution of funerary beliefs. Drawing on the analysis of 504 tombs from the cemetery of Adaïma (Upper Egypt, 3300–2700 BCE), we trace a growing variability in mortuary practices from the First to the Third Dynasty. By the Third Dynasty, a remarkable alignment between the heliacal rising of Sirius, the summer solstice, and the Nile inundation began to reconfigure both ritual time and space. The celestial events became instrumental in transforming materially grounded beliefs—such as the

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19

Malkhasyan, H. A. "An Astronomical Interpretation of a Small Example from Armenian Folklore." Communications of the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, December 27, 2024, 322–29. https://doi.org/10.52526/25792776-24.71.2-322.

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This article examines an individual fragment of Armenian folklore about the Aratsani (Euphrates) River from an astronomical perspective, focusing on the central characters - the dragonfish and the bear. Through this analysis, a wealth of “astronomical knowledge” rooted in ancient mythological perceptions is revealed. Specifically, the mentioned figures in the sky correspond respectively to the modern constellations of the Southern Fish (Piscis Austrinus) and the Great Bear (Ursa Major).The described scenes are correlated with the heliacal rising and setting of the main star of Southern Fish co

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20

Molaro, Paolo, and Federico Bernardini. "Possible stellar asterisms carved on a protohistoric stone." Astronomische Nachrichten, November 22, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.20220108.

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AbstractChisel marks on a stone uncovered in Rupinpiccolo protohistoric hill fort from north‐eastern Italy were suggested to be a representation of the night sky (Bernardini et al. 2022 Documenta Praehistorica XLIX). The patterns of the 29 marks are analyzed here to establish if they reproduce popular stellar asterisms. Nine marks are found to match the Tail of Scorpius and five the Orion's Belt, together with Rigel and Betelgeuse. Nine marks are found in the approximate position of the Pleiades showing some match with the cluster members. On the back side, 5 marks possibly reproduce Cassiopei

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Maumené, Claude. "THE GUNDESTRUP CAULDRON: IS THIS THE KEY TO THE ENIGMA?" March 20, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.220957.

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The Gundestrup cauldron is one of the most emblematic and studied archaeological relics of the Celtic world but also one of the most mysterious. Observation of the night sky, the symbolism of the cauldron and of numbers five and eight, traces of an Indo-European base-ten computation, the antiquity of the octaeteric calendar system, all suggest a new interpretation of the Gundestrup cauldron, based on the cycle of Venus. The five inner plates would each respectively represent the structure of time, as it appears in a computation close to that of the « octaeteris », rhythmed by the synodic cycle

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22

Pérez, Gutierrez M., Díaz A. Rodríguez, Soldevila I. Pavón, and Espino D. M. Duque. "AN ORIENTALIZING RITUAL BUILDING IN ALISEDA (CÁCERES, SPAIN)." March 21, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.220951.

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The treasure of Aliseda was discovered by chance in the place of El Ejido ninety five years ago. However, the eventful character of the discovery and the circumstances that wrapped it left without answer multiple questions and, among them the archeological context where the emplacement belongs. The ritual building (6th century BC), found and excavated about 180 m away, is associated to the protohistoric settlement of La Sierra del Aljibe, and not only does it show a simple metric and geometry, but fascinating as well, beside incorporating a singular element, which until now remains unknown if

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23

Krauss, Rolf. "Haben Otto Neugebauer und William Feller die Niljahre richtig gemittelt?" Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 144, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2017-0005.

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SummaryNeugebauer critized Meyer’s hypothesis that the 365-day calendar resulted from observation of the heliacal risings of Sothis, maintaining that astronomical observation should have resulted in a year of 365.25 days. Instead, Neugebauer traced the 365-day calendar back to a Nile year based on computational equalization of varying successive intervals between minimum or maximum gauge readings. He did not propose the anachronistic calculation of the arithmetic average but alluded instead to a procedure using stroke marks allegedly resulting in years of 365 full days, while neglecting the qu

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