Academic literature on the topic 'Helianthus annuum L'
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Journal articles on the topic "Helianthus annuum L"
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Vindyashree, M., M. R. Govindappa, V. N. Ghante, D. S. Aswathanarayana, and I. Shankergoud. "Biological and molecular evidences on host range of leaf curl begomovirus disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.620.
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The present study was conducted to identify the alternate hosts of new leaf curl virus disease of sunflower. In the present study several crops and weed hosts were cross inoculated with leaf curl virus of sunflower under laboratory through insect vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), further all inoculated samples were retested (3-4 weeks after inoculation) by molecular based Polymerse chain reaction diagnosis for the presence of virus. The results revealed that the causal virus of the disease was successfully transmitted from sunflower to sunflower (Helianthus annuus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L) and weed hosts such as Acanthospermum hispidum, Amaranthus viridis and Parthenium hysterophorus in a short incubation period (2-3 weeks after inoculation), while on other hosts Chilli (Capsicum annuum L) and Datura stramonium, infection occurs in delayed incubation period. Further molecular analysis thorough polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic technique using virus specific primers also confirmed the presence of coat protein (CP) of leaf curl begomovirus invirus inoculated hosts viz., chilli, sunflower, tomato, and tobacco and weed hosts such as Acanthospermum hispidum, Amaranthus viridis, Datura stramonium and Parthenium hysterophorus. Thus, findings substantiate that the above hosts are major sources of the virus inoculum and served as potential alternate hosts of the disease during the off season.
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Nikolova, Liudmila, Pepa Shindrova, and Valentina Entcheva. "RESISTANCE TO DISEASES, OBTAINED THROUGH INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION / RESISTENCIA A LAS ENFERMEDADES OBTENIDA POR LA HIBRIDIZACION INTERSPECIES / RÉSISTANCE À LA MALADIE OBTENUE PAR HYBRIDATION INTERSPECIES." helia 23, no. 33 (December 2000): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia.2000.23.33.57.
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SUMMARY Two accessions of the wild species Helianthus annuus L., GT-E-112 and GT-E-126, carried genes for resistance to Plasmopara helianthi Novot., Phomopsis helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et al. and Orobanche cumana Wallr. The material produced by interspecific hybridization with susceptible cultivated sunflower showed resistance to the three pathogens. Some progenies were resistant to two pathogens simultaneously. Self pollination helped to increase the percentage of resistance up to 100%. Accessions GT-E-112 and GT-E-126 of the wild species Helianthus annuus could be successfully used as donors for resistance to Plasmopara helianthi, Phomopsis helianthi and Orobanche cumana.
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Velásquez-Valle, R. "Geographic and Host Range of Meloidogyne spp. in North Central Mexico." Plant Disease 85, no. 4 (April 2001): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.4.445a.
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A disease survey carried out in 1998, 1999, and 2000 in the states of Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, and Zacatecas revealed the dispersal of Meloidogyne spp in this region of Mexico. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Mirasol type plants showing general chlorosis, root rot, and galls were observed in central Zacatecas and western San Luis Potosí. Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants (Landrace Flor de Mayo) collected in western San Luis Potosí and Aguascalientes also showed root galls. Roots of squash (Cucurbita spp) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants that showed galled roots were found under dryland conditions in northern Zacatecas. Nursery peach (Prunus persica L.) plantlets with no foliar symptoms but showing severe root galling were detected in Zacatecas. Perineal patterns of Meloidogyne females obtained from those galled roots were coincident with those of M. incognita according to pictoral keys (1). This is the first report of M. incognita affecting these hosts in that region of the country. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants collected in Aguascalientes showed galls caused by Meloidogyne spp; this is the first report of this nematode affecting alfalfa in the state. Volunteer onion (Allium cepa L., ‘Grano Blanco’) plants growing in a squash field in eastern Zacatecas had galled roots; a few Meloidogyne spp. females were obtained from small galls. This is the first report of the root-knot nematode affecting onion plants in north central México. Onion is known to be a host for several species of this nematode (2). Stunted, chlorotic squash plants had roots severely galled by Meloidogyne spp, but pepper crops growing in the same field in previous years showed general chlorosis, reduced size, and poor yield did not have root galls. References: (1) Eisenback, J. D., et al. 1983. Guia para la identificación de las cuatro especiales más comunes del nematodo agallador (Meloidogyne spp.) con una clave pictorica. International Meloidogyne Project, Raleigh, NC. (2) Schwartz, H. F., and Mohan, S. K. 1995. Compendium of onion and garlic diseases. American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul. MN.
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Kostenkova, E. V., and A. S. Bushnev. "Helianthus annuus L. hybrid ideotype." TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES 2(26) (August 3, 2021): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-2-26-116-126.
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The issue of determining the ideotype of sunflower varieties and hybrids is relevant not only for breeding but also for cultivation in new environmental conditions. The aim of our research was to evaluate the genotypes according to ecological adaptability and establish the parameters of the sunflower ideotype for the arid conditions of the Crimean steppe zone. The studies were conducted in 2017-2020 at the Field Crop Department, FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” (village of Klepinino). Soil – chernozem southern low humus. Materials for the research – sunflower hybrids: ‘Garant’, ‘Komandor’, ‘Signal’, ‘Paritet’, ‘Prestizh’ (standard), ‘Sprint’, ‘Sprint 2’, ‘Gorstar’, ‘Kometa’ (bred in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V.S.” (VNIIMK)). The experiment was replicated four times. The total area of the trial plot is 56 m2, the accounting area – 28 m2. Plant density – 40 thousand plants per ha. The harvest was brought to 100% purity; the seeds – to 10% moisture content. The linear regression coefficient (plasticity) of the yield of hybrids (bi) and the standard deviation (stability) (Ϭd2) were calculated according to S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell. Favourable weather conditions were in 2017 (Ij = +0.21) and 2019 (Ij = +1.04). Hybrids ‘Komandor’, ‘Garant’, ‘Sprint 2’ and ‘Gorstar’ are more responsive to the improvement of growing conditions (bi>1); variety ‘Kometa’ – weakly responsive (bi<1). When cultivation conditions changed, the yield of the hybrids ‘Signal’, ‘Paritet’, ‘Prestizh’ and ‘Sprint’ varied (bi = 1). In terms of yield, the most stable is ‘Kometa’ (Ϭd2 = 0.48); the most unstable – ‘Komandor’ (Ϭd2 = 2.19). According to the long-term field research, we have identified the parameters of the optimal model of a sunflower hybrid for cultivation in the Crimea: growing season length – 92–98 days, plant height – 161–166 cm, 1000-seeds weight – 69.5–83.0 g, productive area of the capitula (flower head) – 313–379 cm2, yield – 2.26–2.49 t/ha, oil content – 45–47%, as well as god responsiveness to the growing conditions improvement.
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Туреханова, А., Қ. Тоштай, М. Дуйсебаева, Т. Тұрсонжан, and Ж. Жеңіс. "THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L." Farmaciâ Kazahstana, no. 2 (July 7, 2021): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53511/pharmkaz.2021.50.42.016.
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Согласно литературным данным, подсолнечное масло богато полезными веществами, однако, в зависимости от степени очистки масла, количество этих компонентов варьируется. В данном исследовании был изучен дистиллят жирных кислот подсолнечного масла. Согласно полученным данным, более 40% состава кислот приходится на линолевую кислоту с F-витаминной активностью. В большом количестве содержатся стерины, составляющие 44% неомыляемого остатка. Токоферолы составляют 9% неомыляемого остатка, 93% из них приходится на a-токоферол. Helianthus annuus L необходим для приготовления натурального мыла, сочетает в себе способ приготовления медицинского мыла с технологией производства. Экстракт из стебля растения. Это свежее натуральное мыло содержит много полезных микро-и макроэлементов, биологически активные соединения и макро - и микроэлементы растения Helianthus annuus L были определены атомно-эмиссионным методом. Основными из них были K (44,9 мг/г), (377,745 мг/г), Na (3,91 мг/г), (7,56 мг/г) и Mg (3,06 мг/г), (1,495 мг/г). Эти элементы полезны для нашего организма и обладают целебными свойствами. Кроме того, в составе растения H. Annuus L. были определены биологически активные вещества, такие как флавоноиды, алкалоиды, органические кислоты, кумарины и витамины. Эти выявленные данные позволяют получать мыло с высоким качеством, а также целебными свойствами. Helianthus annuus L salt, which is necessary for the preparation of natural soap, combines the method of preparation of medical soap production technology. The extract from the stem of the plant. This fresh natural soap contains many useful micro and macronutrients, biologically active compounds and macro - and microelements of the plant Helianthus annuus L were determined by atomicemission method. Main of them were K (44.9 mg/g), (377.745 mg/g), Na (3.91 mg/g), (7.56 mg/g) and Mg (3.06 mg/g), (1.495 mg/g). These elements are useful for our body and have healing properties. In addition, biologically active substances such as fiavonoids, alkaloids, organic acids, coumarins, and vitamins were found in the composition of the plant H. annuus L. These identied data allow us to obtain soap with a high composition and quality and healing properties
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Olsen, J. K., J. T. Schaefer, D. G. Edwards, M. N. Hunter, V. J. Galea, and L. M. Muller. "Effects of mycorrhizae, established from an existing intact hyphal network, on the growth response of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to five rates of applied phosphorus." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 2 (1999): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97167.
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The growth response of 2 vegetable crops to 5 rates of applied phosphorus (P)in the presence or absence of an existing network of extraradical mycorrhizalmycelium was determined in 2 greenhouse pot experiments (Expt 1, autumnwinter; Expt 2, summer autumn) using a low-P growth medium (6 or 5 mgNaHCO3-extractable P/kg for Expt 1 or 2,respectively). In both experiments, capsicum(Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were grown at 0(P1 ), 9.2 (P2), 27.5(P3 ), 82.5 (P4 ), or 248(P5) mg P/kg oven-dry soil (spot-placed at sowing)within a nylon mesh (pore size 44 µm). The mesh excluded roots from theoriginal sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) host plants,to which either live (VAM+) or killed (VAM–) mycorrhizal[Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann andGlomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe] inoculum was added at sowing. The mesh did allow fungal hyphae togrow into the growth medium contained by the mesh.Whereas VAM+ plants generally had higher P concentrations in indextissues than VAM– plants at low P rates, a concomitant increase in drymatter yield was restricted to the P1 rate. AtP1 in Expt 2, the increase in the dry weight of wholeplants as a result of VAM colonisation was as large as 91.7-fold and 17.9-foldfor capsicum and tomato, respectively. Root starch analysis indicated that thelower dry matter yields of VAM+ plants than of VAM– plants at≥P2 could be attributed to insufficient photosynthateproduction by VAM+ plants to meet the carbon (C) demand of both host andendophytes within the relatively low-light environment of the greenhouse(average daily solar irradiance of 8.4 MJ/m2 forExpt 1 and 13.4 MJ/m2 for Expt 2).The growth response of vegetable crops grown within the greenhouse fromcolonisation by an established mycorrhizal mycelium appears to depend on acritical balance of P and C supply; i.e. at P1, P wasmore limiting than C, and the increased uptake of P as a result ofcolonisation of plant roots by VAM resulted in a growth response. At higher Prates, C was more limiting than P due to low light in the greenhouse, and theadditional demand for photosynthate imposed by the endophytes on the hostresulted in a growth depression relative to non-mycorrhizal plants.
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Škarpa, P., E. Kunzová, and H. Zukalová. "Foliar fertilization with molybdenum in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 4 (March 21, 2013): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/663/2012-pse.
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The objective of the vegetation experiment established in 2008–2011 was to explore the effect of the time and dose of foliar molybdenum (Mo) application on the yield and quality of sunflower. Four treatments were established in the experiment: (1) control – not fertilised with Mo; (2) application of 125 g Mo/ha in the growing stage of 4 developed leaves (V-4); (3) application of 125 g Mo/ha at the beginning of elongation growth (R-1), and (4) split rate of Mo application of 62 g Mo/ha at stage V-4 (4 developed leaves) and 62 g Mo/ha at stage R-1 (terminal bud forms). Foliar application of molybdenum increased the biomass production of sunflower plants and its content in dry matter. A statistically significant effect of molybdenum foliar application on sunflower yields was found. Foliar application of Mo up to a dose of 125 g Mo/ha at the beginning of vegetation (stage V-4) and developmental stage R-1 increased yields of achenes. The relative increase in the oil content after foliar nutrition was not significant and ranged between 1.4% and 2.6%. Oil production increased due to increased yields and stabilised oil content. Foliar application of molybdenum had no effect on the content of oleic acid.
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Makarenko, Maksim, Alexander Usatov, Tatiana Tatarinova, Kirill Azarin, Alexey Kovalevich, Vera Gavrilova, and Renate Horn. "The Investigation of Perennial Sunflower Species (Helianthus L.) Mitochondrial Genomes." Genes 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11090982.
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The genus Helianthus is a diverse taxonomic group with approximately 50 species. Most sunflower genomic investigations are devoted to economically valuable species, e.g., H. annuus, while other Helianthus species, especially perennial, are predominantly a blind spot. In the current study, we have assembled the complete mitogenomes of two perennial species: H. grosseserratus (273,543 bp) and H. strumosus (281,055 bp). We analyzed their sequences and gene profiles in comparison to the available complete mitogenomes of H. annuus. Except for sdh4 and trnA-UGC, both perennial sunflower species had the same gene content and almost identical protein-coding sequences when compared with each other and with annual sunflowers (H. annuus). Common mitochondrial open reading frames (ORFs) (orf117, orf139, and orf334) in sunflowers and unique ORFs for H. grosseserratus (orf633) and H. strumosus (orf126, orf184, orf207) were identified. The maintenance of plastid-derived coding sequences in the mitogenomes of both annual and perennial sunflowers and the low frequency of nonsynonymous mutations point at an extremely low variability of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coding sequences in the Helianthus genus.
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Syvoded, Ye V., O. V. Kolesnichenko, and S. M. Hrysiuk. "Accumulation and identification of secondary metabolites from the fungus Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et al." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 5 (October 20, 2020): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_225.
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The study presents variability in the qualitative composition and quantitative indicators of secondary mycelium metabolites of the fungus Diaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et al., the most harmful plant pest of Helianthus annuus L. Toxicity of secondary metabolites of D. helianthi was analyzed by determining the average length of seedling shoots of Triticum aestivum L. test object grown on fungus filtrates of different cultivation dates. The maximum toxic effect of D. helianthi was recorded during the germination of Triticum aestivum L. seedlings on a 17-day filtrate of pure mycelium culture of the fungus. The mean length of wheat seedlings in this variant of the experiment decreased by 3.5 times compared with the control and 3.3 times compared with the filtrate of the culture medium of 7 days of cultivation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified secondary metabolites of D. helianthi as fomosin, fomopsolides, cytosporones, and xanthones. There was a redistribution of secondary metabolites due to increase in number of cytosporones, decrease in content of fomopsolides, and termination of xanthone synthesis with increasing time of cultivation of fomopsis mycelium, under conditions of relatively stable indicators of fomosin content.
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Sergeeva, Daria V., and Pyotr P. Purygin. "The influence of the magnetoplasma install on growth parameters of sunflower Helianthus annuus L." Butlerov Communications 58, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-4-72.
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The study assessed the impact of magnetic plasma installation YMPO-2 on sunflower seeds treated with petroleum products of different concentrations (0.5%, 0.9%, 2.9%, 4.7%). The plant generates a gradient magnetic field with variable induction from 50 to 300 GS and is equipped with a powerful source of UV radiation with a wave range of 248-340 nm, which has a strong bactericidal effect, and the magnetic field is able to activate vital processes in seeds. The analyzed parameters of sunflower: seed germination (total and daily), growth energy and length of seedlings. The positive effect of the gradient magnetic field, ultraviolet radiation and ozone, created by a powerful magnetic inductor, was revealed due to the observation of sunflower growth parameters for 30 days. Under the influence of UMPO-2 increases the permeability of cell membranes, resulting in changes in the concentration of substances in plant cells, increases the rate of chemical reactions and increases water absorption of seeds. According to the results of the experiment, the stimulating effect of the magnetoplasmic installation on germination, growth energy and length of seedlings was noted not only on healthy sunflower seeds, but also on seeds treated with petroleum products in four different concentrations (0.5%, 0.9%, 2.9%, 4.7% kerosene). When germinating seeds with the addition of kerosene to the substrate, the deterioration of agrochemical properties of the soil was noted, as a result, the growth of stems and other vegetative organs of sunflower was delayed. However, the seeds with added oil, treated with magnetic plasma installation UMPO-2, germinated together, the growth delay was noted slight. Also, after the impact of UMPO-2 on seeds not treated with petroleum products, positive dynamics of growth within 30 days, maximum germination and germination energy were revealed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Helianthus annuum L"
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Lima, Ingrid Bernardo de. "Uso do regulador de crescimento daminozide no cultivo de pimenta (Capsicum annuum L.) e girassol (Helianthus annuus l.) ornamental em vasos com fibra de cÃco e areia." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8416.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
O cultivo de girassol e pimenta como plantas ornamentais envasadas vem se destacando na floricultura por serem produtos inovadores e de grande atratividade, fazendo-se inÃdito a produÃÃo e conduÃÃo de pesquisas com estas espÃcies nas condiÃÃes climÃticas de Fortaleza e CearÃ. Visando a manipulaÃÃo da arquitetura de plantas, na busca de menores alturas e adequados aspectos ornamentais para o cultivo em vasos faz-se necessÃrio a utilizaÃÃo de substÃncias redutoras de crescimento e de substratos para sua produÃÃo. Dentre deste foco, foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar, nas condiÃÃes climÃticas de Fortaleza, o efeito de trÃs aplicaÃÃes de diferentes concentraÃÃes do redutor de crescimento daminozide em plantas de pimenta e girassol ornamental em vasos contendo como substratos fibra de cÃco (FC) e areia. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetaÃÃo e distribuÃdos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado seguindo um esquema fatorial 2x5 constituÃdo por dois tipos de substrato (FC e areia) e cinco concentraÃÃes de daminozide (0 (controle), 2, 4, 6 e 8 g.L-1 ) na qual foram aplicadas por trÃs vezes a intervalos quinzenais. Referente ao experimento com pimenta ornamental, a primeira aplicaÃÃo do regulador foi realizada aos 25 DAS, no qual foram analisadas as seguintes variÃveis: Ãndice relativo de clorofila (spad) e trocas gasosas foliares, aos 80 DAS, altura da planta (cm), diÃmetro do caule (mm), massa seca (g) de folhas, caules, raÃzes e frutos, Ãrea foliar (cmÂ), razÃo de Ãrea foliar (cmÂ.g-1), Ãrea foliar especÃfica (cmÂ.g-1), razÃo raiz parte Ãrea, nÃmero, largura, comprimento (mm), relaÃÃo comprimento/largura dos frutos, aos 83 DAS. No experimento com girassol, a primeira aplicaÃÃo foi realizada aos 15 DAS, sendo analisadas as variÃveis: Ãndice relativo de clorofila (spad) e trocas gasosas foliares, aos 37 DAS, altura da planta (cm), diÃmetro do caule (mm), diÃmetro interno do capÃtulo (mm), dias da semeadura atà a antese, nÃmero de capÃtulos por planta, massa seca de folhas, caules e raÃzes (g), Ãrea foliar (cmÂ), razÃo de Ãrea foliar (cmÂ.g-1), Ãrea foliar especÃfica (cmÂ.g-1) e razÃo raiz parte Ãrea, aos 53 DAS.Tanto para pimenta quanto para girassol as concentraÃÃes do regulador foram eficientes em reduzir o porte das plantas nos dois substratos utilizados, notando que as plantas cultivadas na areia mostraram-se com menor altura, vigor e desenvolvimento em relaÃÃo as plantas na FC. Verificou-se em plantas de pimenta que o aumento das concentraÃÃes causou aumentos no diÃmetro de seus caules, reduÃÃo no nÃmero, largura e comprimento dos frutos, em sua Ãrea foliar, aumento na espessura de suas folhas, na qual apresentaram-se com coloraÃÃo verde intensa. Houve interaÃÃo significativa entre substratos e concentraÃÃes de daminozide na condutÃncia estomÃtica das pimenteiras, sendo sua transpiraÃÃo e fotossÃntese lÃquida influenciadas apenas pelas concentraÃÃes do regulador. Em plantas de girassol verificou-se que com o aumento das concentraÃÃes houve reduÃÃes no diÃmetro de seus caules, no diÃmetro interno dos capÃtulos, atrasos em sua antese, folhas mais espessas e com verde mais intenso e reduÃÃes em sua Ãrea foliar. CondutÃncia estomÃtica, transpiraÃÃo e fotossÃntese lÃquida nas plantas de girassol sofreram apenas efeito dos substratos, no qual plantas cultivadas fibra de coco apresentaram maior atividade fotossintÃtica.
The culture of sunflower and pepper as potted ornamental plants has been highlighted in flower farming by being innovative products of great attractiveness. And there is no record on the production and researches with these species under climatic conditions of Fortaleza and Cearà State. Aiming the manipulation of plant architecture and the search for species with lower heights and suitable ornamental traits for the culture in pots it is necessary to use growth-reducing substances and substrates that maximize their production. With this, two experiments were performed with the purpose to evaluate, under the climatic conditions of Fortaleza, the effect of three applications of different levels of the growth regulator daminozide in ornamental plants of pepper and sunflower in pots containing coconut fiber (FC) and sand. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse and distributed into a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 2x5 composed of two types of substrate (FC and sand) and five levels of daminozide (0 (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 g.L-1) in which were applied three times at fortnightly intervals. In relation to the ornamental pepper, the first application of the regulator was performed at 25 DAS, being analyzed the following variables: relative chlorophyll index (spad) and leaf gas exchange, at 80 DAS, plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), dry matter (g) of leaf, stem, root, and fruit, leaf area (cmÂ), leaf area ratio (cmÂ.g-1), specific leaf area (cmÂ.g-1), dry root: dry shoot ratio, number, width, length (mm) and length:width ratio of fruits , at 83 DAS. In the experiment with the sunflower, the first application was made at 15 DAS, being analyzed the variables: relative chlorophyll index and leaf gas exchange, at 37 DAS, plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), internal diameter of the head (mm), days from sowing to anthesis, number of head per plant, dry matter of leaf, stem and root (g), leaf area (cmÂ), leaf area ratio (cmÂ.g-1), specific leaf area (cmÂ.g1), dry root: dry shoot ratio, at 53 DAS. Both for pepper and sunflower, the levels of the growth regulator were effective to reduce the size of the plants in the two substrates, but in the sand, the plants have had lower height, vigor and development compared with the plants on the FC. In pepper plants, increased levels led to increased stem diameter, reduction in the number, width and length of fruit, in leaf area, increase in leaf thickness, which had intense green color. A significant interaction was detected between the substrates and the levels of daminozide in the stomatal conductance of pepper plants, and the transpiration rate and net photosynthesis were only influenced by the levels of the growth regulator. In sunflower plants, higher levels caused reduction in stem diameter, in internal diameter of head, late anthesis, thicker leaves with intense green color, and reduced leaf area. Stomatal conductance, transpiration, and net photosynthesis of sunflower plants were only affected by substrates, with the plants grown on FC presenting a higher photosynthetic rate.
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Lima, Ingrid Bernardo de. "Uso do regulador de crescimento daminozide no cultivo de pimenta (Capsicum annuum L.) e girassol (Helianthus annuus l.) ornamental em vasos com fibra de côco e areia." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8483.
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LIMA, I. B. Uso do regulador de crescimento daminozide no cultivo de pimenta (Capsicum annuum L.) e girassol (Helianthus annuus l.) ornamental em vasos com fibra de côco e areia. 2012. 113 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2012.Submitted by Francisco Lacerda (lacerda@ufc.br) on 2014-07-09T20:40:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_iblima.pdf: 1587295 bytes, checksum: 2e6b722c0df512f9f122efcac4175b29 (MD5)
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The culture of sunflower and pepper as potted ornamental plants has been highlighted in flower farming by being innovative products of great attractiveness. And there is no record on the production and researches with these species under climatic conditions of Fortaleza and Ceará State. Aiming the manipulation of plant architecture and the search for species with lower heights and suitable ornamental traits for the culture in pots it is necessary to use growth-reducing substances and substrates that maximize their production. With this, two experiments were performed with the purpose to evaluate, under the climatic conditions of Fortaleza, the effect of three applications of different levels of the growth regulator daminozide in ornamental plants of pepper and sunflower in pots containing coconut fiber (FC) and sand. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse and distributed into a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 2x5 composed of two types of substrate (FC and sand) and five levels of daminozide (0 (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 g.L-1) in which were applied three times at fortnightly intervals. In relation to the ornamental pepper, the first application of the regulator was performed at 25 DAS, being analyzed the following variables: relative chlorophyll index (spad) and leaf gas exchange, at 80 DAS, plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), dry matter (g) of leaf, stem, root, and fruit, leaf area (cm²), leaf area ratio (cm².g-1), specific leaf area (cm².g-1), dry root: dry shoot ratio, number, width, length (mm) and length:width ratio of fruits , at 83 DAS. In the experiment with the sunflower, the first application was made at 15 DAS, being analyzed the variables: relative chlorophyll index and leaf gas exchange, at 37 DAS, plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), internal diameter of the head (mm), days from sowing to anthesis, number of head per plant, dry matter of leaf, stem and root (g), leaf area (cm²), leaf area ratio (cm².g-1), specific leaf area (cm².g1), dry root: dry shoot ratio, at 53 DAS. Both for pepper and sunflower, the levels of the growth regulator were effective to reduce the size of the plants in the two substrates, but in the sand, the plants have had lower height, vigor and development compared with the plants on the FC. In pepper plants, increased levels led to increased stem diameter, reduction in the number, width and length of fruit, in leaf area, increase in leaf thickness, which had intense green color. A significant interaction was detected between the substrates and the levels of daminozide in the stomatal conductance of pepper plants, and the transpiration rate and net photosynthesis were only influenced by the levels of the growth regulator. In sunflower plants, higher levels caused reduction in stem diameter, in internal diameter of head, late anthesis, thicker leaves with intense green color, and reduced leaf area. Stomatal conductance, transpiration, and net photosynthesis of sunflower plants were only affected by substrates, with the plants grown on FC presenting a higher photosynthetic rate.
O cultivo de girassol e pimenta como plantas ornamentais envasadas vem se destacando na floricultura por serem produtos inovadores e de grande atratividade, fazendo-se inédito a produção e condução de pesquisas com estas espécies nas condições climáticas de Fortaleza e Ceará. Visando a manipulação da arquitetura de plantas, na busca de menores alturas e adequados aspectos ornamentais para o cultivo em vasos faz-se necessário a utilização de substâncias redutoras de crescimento e de substratos para sua produção. Dentre deste foco, foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar, nas condições climáticas de Fortaleza, o efeito de três aplicações de diferentes concentrações do redutor de crescimento daminozide em plantas de pimenta e girassol ornamental em vasos contendo como substratos fibra de côco (FC) e areia. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação e distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado seguindo um esquema fatorial 2x5 constituído por dois tipos de substrato (FC e areia) e cinco concentrações de daminozide (0 (controle), 2, 4, 6 e 8 g.L-1 ) na qual foram aplicadas por três vezes a intervalos quinzenais. Referente ao experimento com pimenta ornamental, a primeira aplicação do regulador foi realizada aos 25 DAS, no qual foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: índice relativo de clorofila (spad) e trocas gasosas foliares, aos 80 DAS, altura da planta (cm), diâmetro do caule (mm), massa seca (g) de folhas, caules, raízes e frutos, área foliar (cm²), razão de área foliar (cm².g-1), área foliar específica (cm².g-1), razão raiz parte área, número, largura, comprimento (mm), relação comprimento/largura dos frutos, aos 83 DAS. No experimento com girassol, a primeira aplicação foi realizada aos 15 DAS, sendo analisadas as variáveis: índice relativo de clorofila (spad) e trocas gasosas foliares, aos 37 DAS, altura da planta (cm), diâmetro do caule (mm), diâmetro interno do capítulo (mm), dias da semeadura até a antese, número de capítulos por planta, massa seca de folhas, caules e raízes (g), área foliar (cm²), razão de área foliar (cm².g-1), área foliar específica (cm².g-1) e razão raiz parte área, aos 53 DAS.Tanto para pimenta quanto para girassol as concentrações do regulador foram eficientes em reduzir o porte das plantas nos dois substratos utilizados, notando que as plantas cultivadas na areia mostraram-se com menor altura, vigor e desenvolvimento em relação as plantas na FC. Verificou-se em plantas de pimenta que o aumento das concentrações causou aumentos no diâmetro de seus caules, redução no número, largura e comprimento dos frutos, em sua área foliar, aumento na espessura de suas folhas, na qual apresentaram-se com coloração verde intensa. Houve interação significativa entre substratos e concentrações de daminozide na condutância estomática das pimenteiras, sendo sua transpiração e fotossíntese líquida influenciadas apenas pelas concentrações do regulador. Em plantas de girassol verificou-se que com o aumento das concentrações houve reduções no diâmetro de seus caules, no diâmetro interno dos capítulos, atrasos em sua antese, folhas mais espessas e com verde mais intenso e reduções em sua área foliar. Condutância estomática, transpiração e fotossíntese líquida nas plantas de girassol sofreram apenas efeito dos substratos, no qual plantas cultivadas fibra de coco apresentaram maior atividade fotossintética.
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Borges, Francisca Robevania Medeiros. "Cultivo do girassol submetido a doses de biofertilizante caprino e lâminas de irrigação na região do Maciço de Baturité." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/27493.
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BORGES, Francisca Robevania Medeiros. Cultivo do girassol submetido a doses de biofertilizante caprino e lâminas de irrigação na Região do Maciço de Baturité. 2017. 124 f. Tese (Tese em Engenharia Agrícola)–Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017.Submitted by Luís Camboim Neto (camboim@ufc.br) on 2017-11-13T17:28:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_tese_frmborges.pdf: 3715723 bytes, checksum: 8daf3ce529c6ac9564f230f6a6cc8332 (MD5)
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Sunflower cultivation has economic importance attributed mainly to the presence of oil in its seeds, which can be limited by low water availability and inadequate fertilization. This study aimed to cultivate the sunflower under organic fertilization under doses of goat biofertilizer and irrigation slides, based on percentage of evaporation of Class "A" tank, in two consecutive crop cycles. The research was conducted at the Experimental Farm Piroás, belonging to the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony - UNILAB, in the municipality of Redenção, Ceará. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with sub-divided plots in which the plots consisted of two cultivation cycles, the subplots for five doses of goiter biofertilizer (0, 300, 600, 900 and 1,200 mL plant-1 week-1) applied via the irrigation system and the sub-sub-plots for five irrigation blades (33, 66, 100, 133 and 166% of the evaporation measured in Class "A" tank). Growth characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter and internal diameter of the shoot) were evaluated, production characteristics (yield and weight of 1,000 achenes), post-harvest characteristics (oil content and yield, protein content and yield), as well as soil chemical characteristics, plant material analysis and water use efficiency in the production of achenes. The soil nutrient contents presented the highest values in the 1st cycle of cultivation, with the exception of Ca and Mg, and respond strongly to the application of the gofer biofertilizer, being more effective in the higher doses. The leaf contents were adequate to the recommended range for the crop only in the 1st cycle, except in Na and Ca. Doses between 900 and 1,000 mL plant- 1 week-1 and leaf above 120% of ACE are indicated to provide greater plant growth of sunflower. The highest productivity was obtained in the 1st cycle with a value of 1,220.78 kg ha-1. Biofertilizer doses between 800 and 1200 mL plant-1 week-1 associated with irrigation slides in the range of 120 to 166% of ACE provided positive responses in production and post-harvest variables in the first cycle. Already in the 2nd cycle, the association between doses between 1,000 and 1,200 mL plant-1 week-1 and irrigation depth between 140 and 166% of ACE showed better results. The application of the goat biofertilizer does not alter the sunflower oil content, however, there is evidence of increases for this variable in response to the irrigation slides, with maximization of the values indicated in the slides of 409.42 and 843 mm for the 1st and 2nd cycles, respectively. The oil content presented similar values between the cultivation cycles (48%). Protein levels were higher in the second crop cycle (14%), effectively responding to the combination of the mean 100% ECA leaf with the 536 mL plant-1 week-1 dose of goiter liquid fertilizer.
O cultivo de girassol possui importância econômica atribuída principalmente à presença de óleo em suas sementes, o qual pode ser limitado pela baixa disponibilidade hídrica e adubação inadequada. Este estudo objetivou cultivar o girassol sob fertilização orgânica sob doses de biofertilizante caprino e lâminas de irrigação, baseados em percentuais de evaporação do Tanque Classe “A”, em dois ciclos de cultivo consecutivos. A pesquisa foi conduzida na Fazenda Experimental Piroás, pertencente à Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira – UNILAB, no município de Redenção, Ceará. O delineamento adotado foi em blocos casualizados, no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas em que as parcelas foram constituídas por dois ciclos de cultivo, as subparcelas por cinco doses de biofertilizante caprino (0; 300; 600; 900 e 1.200 mL planta-1 semana-1) aplicadas via sistema de irrigação e as subsubparcelas por cinco lâminas de irrigação (33; 66; 100; 133 e 166% da evaporação medida no tanque Classe “A”). Foram avaliadas as características de crescimento (altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, matéria seca da parte aérea, matéria seca da raiz e diâmetro interno do capítulo), as características de produção (produtividade e peso de 1.000 aquênios), características de pós-colheita (teor e produtividade de óleo, teor e produtividade de proteína), além de características químicas do solo, análises de material vegetal e eficiência de uso da água na produção de aquênios. Os teores de nutrientes no solo apresentam os maiores valores no 1º ciclo de cultivo, com exceção de Ca e Mg, e respondem acentuadamente à aplicação do biofertilizante caprino, sendo mais efetivos nas maiores doses. Os teores foliares se adequaram à faixa recomendada para a cultura apenas no 1º ciclo, exceto em Na e Ca. Doses entre 900 e 1.000 mL planta-1 semana-1 e lâmina acima de 120% da ECA são indicadas para proporcionar maior crescimento das plantas de girassol. A maior produtividade foi obtida no 1º ciclo com valor de 1.220,78 kg ha-1. Doses de biofertilizante entre 800 e 1.200 mL planta-1 semana-1 associadas a lâminas de irrigação na faixa de 120 a 166% da ECA proporcionaram respostas positivas em variáveis de produção e pós-colheita no primeiro ciclo. Já no 2º ciclo, a associação entre doses entre 1.000 e 1.200 mL planta-1 semana-1 e lâmina de irrigação entre 140 e 166% da ECA demonstraram melhores resultados. A aplicação do biofertilizante caprino não altera o teor de óleo de girassol, todavia, evidencia-se incrementos para esta variável em resposta às lâminas de irrigação, com maximização dos valores indicados nas lâminas de 409,42 e 843 mm para 1º e 2º ciclos, respectivamente. O teor de óleo apresenta valores semelhantes entre os ciclos de cultivo (48%). Os teores de proteína se mostram superiores no 2º ciclo de cultivo (14%) respondendo de forma efetiva a combinação da lâmina média de 100% da ECA com a dose 536 mL planta-1 semana-1 de biofertilizante líquido caprino.
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Viguié-Simon, Anne. "Etude du pathosysteme phomopsis helianthi / diaporthe helianthi munt. -cvet. - tournesol (helianthus annuus l. )." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF22152.
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Le phomopsis du a phomopsis helianthi / diaporthe helianthi munt. -cvet. Est une des principales maladies du tournesol en france, pouvant causer de fortes baisses de rendements sur les cultures. L'amelioration varietale constitue l'element essentiel de lutte. Les resultats suivants ressortent de cette etude : 1) les isolats francais de p. Helianthi / d. Helianthi presentent une forte variabilite phenotypique, du point de vue de leurs croissances lineaire et ponderale, de leur morphologie et de leur agressivite sur tournesol. Les isolats yougoslaves ne montrent pas d'agressivite particuliere par rapport aux isolats francais. 2) des interactions entre isolats et hybrides ont ete mises en evidence lors d'infections artificielles mesurant la croissance mycelienne sur feuille, petiole/tige, et capitule mais elles ne changent le classement que pour des genotypes intermediaires. Cette etude confirme la necessite de maintenir, a cote des tests artificiels, des essais en attaques semi-naturelles qui font intervenir l'ensemble des genotypes de l'agent pathogene. 3) la resistance du tournesol au phomopsis suit un modele quantitatif. Sur les 54 hybrides f1 etudies sur 3 annees en conditions d'attaque semi-naturelle multisites et d'infection artificielle, l'aptitude generale a la combinaison apparait plus importante que l'aptitude specifique. Les interactions entre parents sont probablement causees par des effets environnementaux car elles n'apparaissent pas lorsque tous les essais sont regroupes en une seule analyse. Des facteurs de resistance differents ont ete mesures par les tests mycelium sur feuille et petiole. Par ailleurs, les resultats de ces tests refletent generalement ceux obtenus en attaques semi-naturelles. Il existe plusieurs sources de resistance au phomopsis parmi le materiel etudie et il serait utile de mieux connaitre les facteurs de resistance pour determiner les meilleures combinaisons donnant les plus hauts niveaux de resistance sous diverses conditions environnementales.
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Maldaner, Ivan Carlos. "IRRIGAÇÃO E APLICAÇÃO DE FUNGICIDA NA OCORRÊNCIA DE DOENÇAS E PRODUTIVIDADE DO GIRASSOL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7513.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe occurrence of disease has been one of the main problems of the sunflower crop over the years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation and the application of fungicides on the occurrence of diseases and yield of achenes of two genotypes of sunflower crop in the main and second crop season in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiments were carried out at Plant Science Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil during the main season at 2007 and the second crop season of 2008. Following growth and development of plants during the crop season through phenometrical and phenological observations. The meteorological data were collected in the center of the experimental area with an automatic weather station and psychrometric pairs at different levels. Twelve treatments were used arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of irrigated and non irrigated controls and different forms of protection with fungicide according to the accumulated severity values (SV) estimated by the FAST (VS = 16, 22, 28) without irrigation and with irrigation and protection with fungicide with 16 VS. The theoretical values of severity (VS) were calculated using the FAST system, considering the duration of the period with relative humidity greater than 90% and air temperature during this period. When the values of the severity of the treatment were achieved the fungicide was applied, and a new count of VS began. The progress of the disease was analyzed based on weekly observations of the severity of the symptoms of the disease in three plants per plot. It was found that irrigation increases the productivity of achenes of sunflower cultivation in the main season, provided that weather conditions are not favorable for the occurrence of the alternaria blight and Septoria leaf blight, or that fungicides to control these diseases are applied before flowering. In the second crop season the effect of irrigation on yield of achenes is negative due to higher occurrence of the alternaria blight and Septoria leaf blight in sunflower. The prediction of the occurrence of diseases in sunflower can be made from weather elements, but adjustments are needed to define the most appropriate criteria.
A ocorrência de doenças vem sendo um dos principais problemas da cultura do girassol ao longo dos anos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação e da aplicação de fungicidas na ocorrência de doenças e na produtividade de aquênios de dois genótipos de girassol em cultivos de safra e safrinha, na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Os experimentos foram conduzidos junto ao Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, nos períodos de safra de 2007 e safrinha de 2008, acompanhando-se o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas no decorrer do ciclo da cultura através de observações fenométricas e fenológicas. Os dados meteorológicos foram coletados no centro da área experimental com uma estação meteorológica automática e com pares psicrométricos instalados em diferentes níveis. Foram utilizados doze tratamentos arranjados no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de testemunha irrigada e não irrigada e de diferentes esquemas de proteção com fungicida em função dos valores acumulados de severidade (VS) estimados pelo sistema FAST (VS = 16, 22, 28) sem irrigação, bem como, com irrigação e proteção com fungicida com 16 VS. Os valores de severidade teórica (VS) foram calculados através do sistema FAST, considerando a duração do período com umidade relativa maior do que 90% e a temperatura do ar nesse período. No momento em que os respectivos valores de severidade do tratamento foram alcançados foi realizada a aplicação do fungicida e iniciou-se uma nova contagem de VS. O progresso da doença foi analisado com base nas observações semanais da severidade dos sintomas da doença em três plantas por parcela. Verificou-se que a irrigação aumenta a produtividade de aquênios de girassol no cultivo de safra, desde que as condições meteorológicas não sejam favoráveis para a ocorrência de mancha de alternaria e septoriose, ou desde que se aplique fungicidas para o controle dessas doenças antes da floração. Na safrinha o efeito da irrigação na produtividade de aquênios é negativo devido à maior ocorrência de mancha de alternaria e septoriose em girassol. A previsão de ocorrência de doenças em girassol pode ser feita a partir de elementos meteorológicos, mas são necessários ajustes para definir os critérios mais adequados.
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Chambó, Emerson Dechechi. "Polinização em genótipos de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2010. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1610.
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-02The Research consisted of three experiments in Marechal Cândido Rondon city - PR, Brazil. In the first experiment the objective was to verify the influence of Apis Mellifera L. pollination on productive and physiological traits in sunflower achenes. The treatments were constituted by the combination of eight sunflower genotypes (Multissol, M734, Catissol 01, Charrua, MG2, Aguará, Helio 360 and Embrapa 122) and two tests of pollination, i) the flowers were free to insect visitation and ii) pollinators were restricted to visiting only inflorescences protected with gauze. The parameters analyzed were total productivity of seeds (PS), number of achenes per inflorescence (NA), mass of achenes per inflorescence (MA), mass of chapters (MC), chapter diameter (CD), ether extract in the achenes (EE), germination (GE), and mass of 1000 achenes (M1000). It was verified that the sunflower plants of the hybrid M734, exposed to insect pollination, showed PS and NA equal to 91,07% and 42,03%, respectively higher (p<0,05) than the plants of this hybrid with inflorescences protected with gauze. The chapters of the Catissol 01 cultivar exposed to insect pollination showed MA, MC and CD respectively, 150,52%, 130,28% e 35,06%, higher than the chapters of this cultivar protected with gauze. Inflorescences of the Embrapa 122 cultivar, free to insect visitation, presented EE and GE respectively, 52,63% e 134,29%, higher (p<0,05), than the inflorescences of this cultivar protected with gauze. Sunflower plants pollinated by Apis Mellifera presented average percentage of M1000 of 22,32% higher (p<0,05) than the plants protected with gauze, regardless of which genotype was being studied. In general, the pollination by insects enhances the productive traits and the quality of the seeds of sunflower genotypes. The second experiment was carried out with the objective of observing the type of food that africanized honey bees collect (pollen or nectar) at different times of day during the flowering period of five sunflower genotypes. The experimental design was arranged in randomized blocks split-plots scheme, with 100 treatments, four replications and two plants per experimental unit. The treatments were constituted by the combination of five genotypes of sunflower and (Helio 360, Helio 251, Charrua, Aguará e Multissol) allocated to plots and five days of observation and four time slots arranged in subplots. It could be seen that on the second and third days of sunflowers flowering there was a higher number of visits of Apis mellifera collecting nectar. It was observed that the honey bees collect pollen and nectar all they long, with peaks of collections from 7 to 8:30AM. The average density of honey bees throughout the day was 2.27 to 2.94 bees per inflorescence, and the honey bees collecting nectar were more frequent (2.28 bees / inflorescence) than honey bees collecting pollen (0.40 bees/inflorescence) on flowering days 2,94 and 2,96, respectively, and during the most visited time in the culture (7: 00 to 8:30 AM). On the third day of flowering, the hybrid Helio 360 and Aguará showed no differences amongst each other, and also showed higher (p <0.05) number of visitations of honey bees per inflorescence as compared to the other genotypes analyzed in the present study. It can be concluded that the africanized honey bees prefer to do their work of collecting food between the second and third day of flowering, between 7:00 to 8:30AM. Moreover, the hybrids Helio 360 and Aguará are more attractive to honeybees and should be recommended for maintenance and increase of number of pollinators in cultivated areas and to expand programs of honeybees pasture in the western of Paraná state, Brazil. The third experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of the use of insecticide imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin on the number of visits by Apis mellifera bees to four sunflowers during the flowering season. Five plants were marked before the period of flowering of hybrids M734, Charrua, Helio 250 e Aguará, with four repetitions. Two observers remained two minutes on each plant, counting the number of honeybees in two intervals of time (from 8:30 AM to 10:00 AM and from 3:30 PM to 5:00 PM). The counting took place before the application of insecticide and twelve hours after the use of the product. It was verified that there was a significant negative effect of insecticide on the bees visitation considering the data of all hybrids, the hybrid of the M734 and Aguará. There was no effect of insecticide on the visit considering the data of the hybrid Charrua and Helio 250. It was also verified that the insecticide imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin causes repellence of Apis mellifera in sunflower crop. Moreover, the insecticide imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin was harmless to adults of Apis mellifera during blooming period for sunflowers, when applied to the lower middle third of the plants and the period in which these honeybees were not foraging. It would be necessary to assess their possible effects on young stages for further use in programs of integrated pest management in sunflower crop
A pesquisa constou de três experimentos, no município de Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná. No experimento I, objetivou-se verificar a influência da polinização realizada por Apis mellifera L. sobre características produtivas e fisiológicas em aquênios de girassol. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de oito genótipos de girassol (Multissol, M734, Catissol 01, Charrua, MG2, Aguará, Helio 360 e Embrapa 122), casualizados nas parcelas, e dois testes de polinização, um livre a ação de insetos e o outro restringindo os polinizadores com sacos de filó, que foram alocados nas subparcelas. Os parâmetros analisados foram produtividade total de grãos (PT), número de aquênios por inflorescência (NA), massa de aquênios por inflorescência (MA), massa de capítulo (MC), diâmetro de capítulo (DC), teor de extrato etéreo em aquênios (EE), germinação (GE) e massa de 1000 aquênios (M1000). Verificou-se que as plantas de girassol do híbrido M734 expostas à polinização entomófila apresentaram PT e NA de 91,07% e 42,03%, respectivamente maiores (p<0,05) do que as plantas desse híbrido com inflorescências protegidas com filó. Os capítulos de girassol da variedade Catissol 01 expostos à polinização entomófila apresentaram MA, MC e DC de 150,52%, 130,28% e 35,06%, respectivamente maiores (p<0,05) do que os capítulos dessa variedade protegidos com filó. Inflorescências de girassol da variedade Embrapa 122 que ficaram livres a ação de insetos apresentaram EE e GE de 52,63% e 134,29%, respectivamente maiores (p<0,05) do que as inflorescências dessa variedade protegidas com filó. Plantas de girassol polinizadas por insetos apresentaram porcentagem média de M1000 de 22,32% maior (p<0,05) do que as plantas restringidas aos polinizadores por filó, independentemente do híbrido estudado. De maneira geral, a polinização entomófila aumenta as características produtivas e qualidade fisiológica em aquênios de girassol. O ensaio II foi conduzido com o objetivo de observar o comportamento de coleta de alimentos (néctar e pólen) de A. mellifera em cinco genótipos de girassol, em diferentes horários do dia, durante o período de florescimento da cultura. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos casualizados completos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com 100 tratamentos, quatro repetições e duas plantas por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de cinco genótipos de girassol (Helio 360, Helio 251, Charrua, Aguará e Multissol), alocados nas parcelas e cinco dias de observação e quatro intervalos de tempo arranjados nas subparcelas. Verificou-se pico de visitas de A. mellifera para coleta de néctar entre o segundo e terceiro dia de florescimento na cultura do girassol. Observou-se que as abelhas realizam coletas de pólen e néctar ao longo de todo o dia, com pico de coleta no período das 7 às 8h30min. A densidade média de A. mellifera ao longo do dia foi de 2,27 a 2,94 abelhas por inflorescência, sendo as abelhas coletoras de néctar mais frequentes (2,28 abelhas/inflorescência) do que as coletoras de pólen (0,40 abelhas/inflorescência) no dia de florescimento 2,94 e 2,96, respectivamente e no horário de maior visitação na cultura (7h às 08h30min). No terceiro dia do florescimento, os híbridos Helio 360 e Aguará não diferiram entre si e apresentaram maiores (p<0,05) números de visitas de abelhas por inflorescência em relação aos demais genótipos estudados. As abelhas africanizadas preferem realizar suas coletas de néctar e pólen entre o segundo e terceiro dia do florescimento do girassol, no horário das 7 às 8h30min. Os híbridos de girassol Helio 360 e Aguará são mais atrativos à A.mellifera e devem ser recomendados para manutenção e aumento de polinizadores em áreas cultivadas, bem como para pasto apícola na região Oeste do Paraná. No terceiro experimento objetivou-se verificar o efeito da aplicação do inseticida imidacloprido + beta-ciflutrina sobre a visitação de abelhas às inflorescências de quatro híbridos de girassol, durante o florescimento da cultura. Foram marcadas cinco plantas antes do período de florescimento dos híbridos M734, Charrua, Aguará e Helio 250, com quatro repetições. Dois observadores permaneceram dois minutos em cada inflorescência, contando o número de abelhas visitantes em dois intervalos de tempo (8h30min às 10h e 15h30min ás 17h). A contagem ocorreu antes da aplicação do inseticida e 12 horas após a utilização do produto na plantação. Houve efeito significativo de inseticida sobre a visitação de abelhas considerando os dados de todos os híbridos, do híbrido M734 e Aguará, sendo menor o número de visitas de abelhas africanizadas às inflorescências após a aplicação do produto. Não houve efeito de inseticida sobre a visitação nos híbridos Charrua e Helio 250. Constatou-se que o inseticida imidacloprido + beta-ciflutrina causa repelência a A. mellifera na cultura do girassol. Além disso, o inseticida imidacloprido + beta-ciflutrina foi inofensivo aos adultos de A. mellifera, durante o florescimento do girassol, quando aplicado no terço médio inferior das plantas e no período em que essas abelhas não estavam forrageando, sendo necessária a avaliação de seus possíveis efeitos em fases jovens para posterior utilização em programas de manejo integrado de pragas na cultura do girassol
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Fageiry, K. A. "Studies on weed control in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262591.
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Almeida, Julieta Andrea Silva de. "Controle da iniciação floral em Helianthus annuus L. (Girassol)." [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315335.
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Orientador: Maria de Fatima D. A. PereiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Helianthus annuus (girassol) e uma composta, que está dentro do quadro das plantas economicamente importante em nosso país. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de verificar o comportamento floral desta espécie, que foi observada inicialmente ser indiferente ao comprimento do dia. Quando feita a remoção de um ou dois cotilédones no 100 dias de idade das planta ocorreu atraso do desenvolvimento do ápice floral. A partir disto, passou-se a verificar que substâncias poderiam estar envolvidas no controle de floração desta espécie. Foram testadas substâncias reguladoras de crescimento, 6BA, AIA, GA3 e substâncias fenólicas (ácido clorogênico, ácido cafêico e cumarina) Dentre estas, GA3 apresentou efeitos marcantes tanto na iniciação e no posterior desenvolvimento do ápice floral quanto no seu desenvolvimento vegetativo, quando aplicado nas plantas no 100 dia de idade. Para evidenciar este envolvimento de substâncias giberelínicas na floração de Helianthus annuus, trataram-se as plantas com paclobutra-201, substância inibidora da síntese de giberelinas; que inibiu expressivamente a sua floração contudo este efeito não foi permanente. Também tentou-se verificar como era este envolvimento, a nível endógeno, através de extração destas substâncias; observando-se atividade giberelínica em ápices coletados no 150 dia de idade. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho sugerem que substâncias giberelínicas estão envolvidas no controle de floração de girassol de que estariam num nível ótimo em plantas com 10 a 15 dias de idade
Mestrado
Biologia Vegetal
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
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Silva, Henrique Luis da. "Potencial alelopático da cultura do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.)." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2009. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/251.
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O girassol é uma espécie conhecida por apresentar elevada produção de aleloquímicos, sendo fonte de sequisterpenóides e de outros compostos com atividade biológica conhecida. Quatro experimentos, em delineamento completamente casualizado e arranjados em fatorial, tiveram o objetivo principal de avaliar a capacidade alelopática da cultura do girassol. O primeiro experimento, em laboratório, utilizou a técnica de semeadura em substituição, para identificar espécies daninhas e cultivadas que pudessem ser utilizadas como alvo dos efeitos alelopáticos do girassol. O segundo experimento, também em laboratório, utilizando a mesma técnica, avaliou a capacidade diferencial de 23 genótipos de girassol em interferir no desenvolvimento de plântulas de Bidens spp. O terceiro experimento, em casa-de-vegetação, avaliou o potencial de supressão da germinação e crescimento de Bidens spp. através do uso de cinco níveis de palha de três genótipos de girassol sobre o solo. O quarto experimento, também em casa-de-vegetação, avaliou o efeito de cinco intervalos de permanência (60, 30, 15, 10 e 5 dias antes da semeadura) de dois níveis de palha (3.298 e 13.192 Kg.ha-1) produzidos por três genótipos de girassol, sobre a germinação e crescimento de Bidens spp. Contou também com a testemunha sem palha sobre o solo. O primeiro experimento demonstrou que a técnica de semeadura em substituição é adequada para detectar efeitos estimulatórios ou inibitórios de girassol e identificou espécies alvo com potencial para testar efeitos alelopáticos. No segundo experimento, constatou-se grande variabilidade entre os 23 genótipos de girassol quanto à interferência sobre a germinação e o crescimento de Bidens spp. Através de média ponderada, classificou-se os genótipos Aguará 4 e AG 972 como sendo, respectivamente, o mais e menos inibitório para Bidens spp. O terceiro experimento constatou que o incremento dos níveis de palha de girassol na superfície do solo, independentemente do genótipo utilizado, até o nível de 13.192 Kg.ha-1, provoca redução significativa no percentual de emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência Bidens spp.. O quarto experimento não identificou, para a maioria das variáveis, diferenças entre os três genótipos testados. Em geral, a combinação de período de deposição de 15 dias e 13.192 Kg.ha-1 de palha foi responsável pelos maiores efeitos inibitórios sobre as plantas de Bidens spp. A análise dos níveis de nitrato e amônio no solo indicam que provavelmente a imobilização do N do solo não é a causa dos efeitos inibitórios da palha de girassol sobre Bidens spp.The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a vegetal species of great commercial interest and it's known for presenting elevated allelochemical production, being itself a source of sesquiterpens and other compounds of recognized biological activity.This project proposes to evaluate the allelopathic effect of the sunflower culture. The first experiment evaluated, through the relay seeding technique, the allelopathic effect of the sunflower culture upon different species of both weed and cultivated plants.The second experiment sought to evaluate the differential capacity of 23 sunflower genotypes in the development of Bidens spp. plants, using the relay seeding technique. The third experiment carried out at a greenhouse evaluated the allelopathical potential of the mulching in different levels: 0, 1.649, 3.298, 6.596 e 13.192 Kg.ha-1 of fodder upon the soil. The fourth experiment (3x5x2) made use of three sunflower genotypes, distributed in five time intervals of mulching upon the soil (60, 30, 15, 10 and 5 days before the seeding of the receptive species, Bidens spp., being two of the mulching levels upon the soil: 3.298 e 13.192 Kg.ha-1. It has also counted with an untreated, soil that didn't receive any mulching. The first experiment, conducted in the laboratory, points out to the relay seeding technique, which uses sunflower plants as a donating species, as an adequate technique to detect stimulating or inhibitory effects. In the second experiment, it was seen a great variability as to the germination, root and shoot growth of the species Bidens spp., because of the allelopathical potential of 23 sunflower genotypes. Through a pondered average, it was identified the Aguará 4 genotype as being of the greatest allelopathical potential and the AG 972 genotype, as of smallest potential. In the third experiment, it was seen that the increasing of sunflower mulching on the soil surface, despite of the genotype used, until 13.192 Kg.ha-1provoked a significant reduction in the percentage of emergence, rate of emergence speed, length of the aerial part and root of the Bidens spp. plant. However, there have not been found any significant differences between sunflower genotypes for these standards. In the fourth experiment, using mulching residues, the data didn't allow us to determine the allelopathical differences between the three tested genotypes. Mostly, the combination of time intervals between 15 days and 13.192 Kg.ha-1 of mulching was responsible for the greatest inhibitory effects upon the Bidens spp. plants. The analysis of nitrogen levels in the soil indicate that probably the imobilization of nitrogen is not the cause of inhibitory effects of sunflower straw upon Bidens spp.
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Konov, Alexei. "Studies on sunflower (helianthus annuus l. ) transformation and regeneration." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR13062.
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Ce memoire presente des etudes de transformation et de regeneration du tournesol (helianthus annuus l. ), l'une des plantes oleagineuses les plus importantes dans le monde. La seule technique de transformation fiable jusqu'a present (transformation par agrobacterium de fragments d'apex de pousses, suivie de la formation de pousses a partir de meristemes primaires) demeure encore problematique avec les genotypes facilement disponibles (ha300b ou peredovik, par exemple). Nos travaux sur plus de 10. 000 explants de ces genotypes ont fourni plusieurs pousses gus-positives et mis en evidence un certain nombre de blocages. Nous avons modifie certains parametres (blessure directe par les particules des tissus cibles avant la coculture, plus grande selectivite sur milieu additionne de kanamycine). La diminution de la dominance apicale et la greffe des pousses in vitro nous ont permis d'obtenir une plante transgenique fertile a partir du genotype ha300b. La faible efficacite de la methode peut venir (1) de la faible efficacite du transfert de gene aux apex de pousses, entrainant une expression chimerique et une selection difficile des tissus transformes sur un milieu contenant de la kanamycine ; (2) du faible taux de regeneration et, en consequence, de la faible probabilite de regenerer des pousses transformees. Nous avons donc etudie en detail l'induction de bourgeons epiphylles et la regeneration de pousses (cinetique, conditions de culture) aux niveaux morphologique, cytologique et histologique. Nous avons mis au point un protocole pour la formation de multiples pousses a partir de feuilles isolees en culture. Nous avons demontre pour la premiere fois une nette correlation entre l'action d'une cytokinine dans l'induction de morphogenese de novo et l'expression des genes homeobox knotted1 durant cette induction. Un systeme de transformation fiable du tournesol serait important pour mieux comprendre ce phenomene. Nos resultats sur l'expression transitoire de uida dans des feuilles isolees, apres transfert de gene par l'agrobacterium, montrent que ce systeme peut etre utilise de maniere comparable a la methode de transformation des disques foliaires. Cependant, il demande encore l'ajustement precis des parametres experimentaux pour le protocole de regeneration.
Books on the topic "Helianthus annuum L"
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Schuster, Walter. Die Züchtung der Sonnenblume (Helianthus annuus L.). Berlin: Paul Parey Scientific Publishers, 1993.
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Phillimon-Banda, Mackson Henrie. Quantitative studies of production traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.
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Jurat, Roswitha. Einfluss von Schwefeldioxid und Ozon auf den Mineralstoffhaushalt von Helianthus annuus L. Frankfurt/M: Wissenschafts-Verlag Dr. W. Maraun, 1990.
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José Arturo de Juan Valero. Dinámica del crecimiento y desarrollo del girasol oleaginoso (Helianthus annuus L.): Primeras observaciones sobre ocho variedades cultivadas de girasol rastrojero en el regadío de Albacete. Albacete: Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 1992.
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Gedil, Melaku Ayele. Marker development, genome mapping, and cloning of candidate disease resistance genes in sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. 1999.
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Cheres, Mercy Tuiya. Selecting donor inbred lines for enhancing the performance of single-cross hybrids from key heterotic groups of oilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Helianthus annuum L"
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Bussmann, Rainer W., Ketevan Batsatsashvili, Zaal Kikvidze, Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, Manana Khutsishvili, Inesa Maisaia, Shalva Sikharulidze, and David Tchelidze. "Helianthus annuus L. Helianthus tuberosus L. Asteraceae." In Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77088-8_67-2.
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Bussmann, Rainer W., Ketevan Batsatsashvili, Zaal Kikvidze, Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, Manana Khutsishvili, Inesa Maisaia, Shalva Sikharulidze, and David Tchelidze. "Helianthus annuus L. Helianthus tuberosus L. Asteraceae." In Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, 453–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28940-9_67.
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Radonic, Laura M., Dalia M. Lewi, Nilda E. López, H. Esteban Hopp, Alejandro S. Escandón, and Marisa López Bilbao. "Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 47–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1658-0_5.
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Nwokolo, E. "Sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)." In Food and Feed from Legumes and Oilseeds, 259–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0433-3_28.
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Cavallini, A., and M. C. Lupi. "Micropropagation of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)." In High-Tech and Micropropagation III, 527–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07770-2_32.
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Schrammeijer, B., A. Hoekema, and P. C. Sijmons. "Transformation in Helianthus annuus L. (Sunflower)." In Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering III, 213–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78006-6_19.
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Hewezi, T., G. Alibert, and J. Kallerhoff. "Genetic Transformation of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)." In Transgenic Crops of the World, 435–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2333-0_32.
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Buprus, M., C. Chanabe, M. H. Montane, and G. Alibert. "Improvement of Protoplast Culture in Helianthus annuus (L)." In Progress in Plant Protoplast Research, 71–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2788-9_22.
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Bohorova, N. E., and A. I. Atanassov. "Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): In Vitro Interspecific Hybridization." In Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 453–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74448-8_21.
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Steinmetz, A., R. Baltz, C. Domon, N. Dudareva, J. L. Evrard, and R. Kräuter. "Gametophytic and Sporophytic Gene Expression in Helianthus annuus L." In Reproductive Biology and Plant Breeding, 59–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76998-6_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Helianthus annuum L"
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Maria Ferreira Paes, Roberta, Douglas Oliveira Santos, Paulo Sergio da Silva, Denise Santana Silva, and Pablo Radamés Cabral de França. "QUALIDADE SANITÁRIA DE SEMENTES COMERCIAIS DE HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L." In I Congresso Internacional das Ciências Agrárias. Instituto Internacional Despertando Vocações, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31692/2526-7701.icointerpdvagro.2016.00086.
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Huicheng Xie, L. C. Davis, and L. E. Ericson. "Decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes by hydroponically grown sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893263.
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Xie, Huicheng, Lawrence C. Davis, and Larry E. Ericson. "Notice of Retraction: Decolorization of Azo Dyes by Hydroponically Grown Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5781171.
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Kusmiati, Endah Budi Ningsih, Indriati Ramadhani, and Mellova Amir. "Antibacterial and antioxidant activity test of crude lutein extracted from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)." In THE 2ND SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (SMIC 2020): Transforming Research and Education of Science and Mathematics in the Digital Age. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0041594.
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"CONTROLE DE INSETOS HERBÍVOROS E MANCHA-DE-ALTERNARIA EM CULTIVO ORGÂNICO DE Helianthus annuus L." In II Simpósio Brasileiro de Recursos Naturais do Semiárido. Associação COMVERGIR Sustentável, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18068/iisbrns2015.biod403.
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Diniz, Júlia Helena Franca, Bruna Fatori de Melo, Maíza Araújo Cordão, and Nadja Soares Vila-Nova. "USO DE Helianthus annuus L. EM CASOS DE DEGRADAÇÃO DO SOLO CAUSADA POR METAIS PESADOS." In I CONGRESSO NORTE NORDESTE DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS (ONLINE) - AVANÇO TECNOLÓGICO E SUSTENTABILIDADE. Editora Omnis Scientia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47094/iconneca.2021/7.
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"Plant population and nitrogen effects on achene yield and quality of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) hybrids." In International Conference on Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c414001.
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"Detection of active LTR-retrotransposon via eccDNA analysis in Helianthus annuus L., Arabidopsis thaliana and triticale." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-131.
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Chebanova, Yu V., and T. A. Kovalenko. "THE NEW LINES OF SUNFLOWER WITH HIGH CONTENT OF STEARIC ACID IN SEED OIL." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-135-138.
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There is a demand in the food industry for natural solid vegetable oils. The use of sunflower oil with a high content of stearic acid prevents its hydrogenation in the manufacture of food products. The development of new lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with an increased content of stearic acid may increase the demand for sunflower oil, a useful analogue of solid vegetable oils for special food purposes. We identified two inbred lines with a high content of stearic and oleic acids from a source with a high content of these acids, one of which, I5HSHO-1, is one-headed, the other, I5HSHO-2v, is many-branched, as well as two one-headed lines with high content of stearic acid on the linoleic background (I5HSLO-1, I5HSLO-2).
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Tran, Vivian. "Wild and cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) do t differ in salinity tolerance when taking vigor into account." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1053054.
Full textReports on the topic "Helianthus annuum L"
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Geoegieva, Mariyana, and Roumiana Vassilevska-Ivanova. Effect of Thiamethoxam - Induced Toxicity on Root Meristematic Cells of Helianthus annuus L. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.03.10.
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