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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heliga plaster

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Academic literature on the topic 'Heliga plaster'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Heliga plaster"

1

TAKAHASHI, Mikio, Hideo TAKAHASHI, and Takao KOIDE. "PG-03 A STUDY ON LOAD CARRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF PLASTIC CROSSED HELICAL GEAR(PLASTIC GEAR TECHNOLOGY)." Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmissions 2009 (2009): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeimpt.2009.439.

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Ali, Arshad, M. Salim Badr-u-Zaman, and Rahmatullah Badr-u-Zaman. "POTASSIUM-SODIUM SELECTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER AS INFLUENCED BY CALCIUM SUPPLY UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS / SELECTIVIDAD DEL GIRASOL RESPECTO AL POTASIO Y SODIO BAJO LA INFLUENCIA DE LA PROVISION DEL POTASIO Y LAS CONDITIONES DE SALINIDAD / SÉLECTIVITÉ DU TOURNESOL EN CE QUI CONCERNE LE POTASSIUM ET LE SODIUM SOUS L’EFFET DE L’APPPORT DE CALCIUM DANS DES CONDITIONS SALINES." HELIA 24, no. 34 (July 2001): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia.2001.24.34.121.

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SUMMARY A hydroponic study was conducted to investigate the influence of Ca supply on K+/Na+ selectivity of sunflower at 0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl in root medium. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Hysun-33) seeds were germinated in moist quartz sand and twelve-day old seedlings were foam-plugged in lids of plastic pots each containing 2.5 l of continuously aerated half strength Hoagland's nutrient solution without calcium salts. The solution pH was adjusted to 5.9 by adding HCl and NaOH. There were three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) and two calcium levels (5 and 10 mM CaCl2). The experiment was organized in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates. At low concentration of calcium (5 mM), sunflower growth decreased drastically with increasing concentration of NaCl in nutrient solution. On the other hand, plants grown in high concentration of NaCl experienced less damage with relatively higher concentration of calcium. At relatively higher concentration of calcium (10 mM Ca), sunflower plants absorbed and translocated relatively more potassium and less sodium, than at low concentration of calcium (5 mM Ca), demonstrating the positive role of calcium in alleviating the hazardous effects of salinity on sunflower growth.

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Arshad, Ali, and M. Salim Badr-uz-Zaman. "EVALUATION AND PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS / EVALUACION Y COMPORTAMIENTO DE DIVERSOS HIBRIDOS COMERCIALES DEL GIRASOL EN LAS CONDICIONES DE SALINIDAD / ÉVALUATION ET COMPORTEMENT DE DIFFÉRENTS HYBRIDES COMMERCIAUX DU TOURNESOL DANS DES CONDITIONS SALINES." HELIA 24, no. 35 (December 2001): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia.2001.24.35.149.

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SUMMARYA hydroponic study was conducted to evaluate the performance of fivesunflower hybrids, i.e., PARSUN, SH-3322, XF-4623, SMH-9706 and XF- 4619, at 0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl salinity in root medium. Sunflower (Helianthusannuus L.) seeds were germinated in moist quartz sand, twelve-day old seedlings were foam plugged in lids of plastic pots containing 2.5 l of continuosly aerated half-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution. The experiment was organized in completely randomized design (CRD) using four replications. Sunflower growth deceased drastically with increasing concentration of NaCl in root medium. Sunflower hybrid XF-4619 registered maximum shoot and root fresh weight, stem diameter and leaf area. Furthermore XF-4619 exhibited the least decrease in these parameters under saline conditions. XF-4619 exhibited 14 and 53% decrease in shoot fresh weight, 11 and 35% decrease in root fresh weight, 6 and 34% decrease in stem length, 12 and 34% decrease in stem diameter, 10 and 40% decrease in leaf area, 2 and 31% decrease in root dry matter and 13 and 50% decrease in shoot dry matter yield at 75 and 150 mM NaCl, respectively, as compared with the control. Moreover, Ca and K were also efficiently taken up by XF-4619 in saline and non-saline root medium. This is indicative of it having better yield potential than the other commercial sunflower hybrids.

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Liang, Dong, Chuanshan Li, Chengli Hua, and Tianhong Luo. "Experimental and numerical study of a plastic worm meshed with a steel helical gear." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2018-0016.

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In this paper, the transmission mechanism of a plastic worm meshed with a steel helical gear is applied to achieve power transmission and motion transfer. Tooth profile equations of the gear pair are derived and general meshing conditions are proposed in terms of gear geometry. A mathematical model of the tooth profiles of the gear pair is established. Contact stress analysis and general evolution law of the tooth profiles are discussed using the finite element method. Material characteristics, mesh generation, contact definition, and constraint conditions are given. For comparison, analysis results of a steel worm meshed with a steel helical gear is also provided. Through the hobbing process, injection molding, and machining center, samples of steel helical gears, plastic worm, and steel worm are completed, respectively. A characteristic test of the transmission mechanism of the plastic worm meshed with a steel helical gear is carried out based on the microtransmission experimental platform. The contrasting results show that the plastic worm has better transmission performance.

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Mendonça, Raelson S., Leonardo B. Santos, Alex E. Moura, Eliane C. Vasconcelos, Leonie A. Sarubbo, and Valdemir A. Santos. "Optimisation of recyclable beta plaster using plaster waste in a continuous reactor with a mobile helical element." Journal of Cleaner Production 124 (June 2016): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.007.

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Gil, Mercedes, Tatiana Vega, Silvina Felitti, Liliana Picardi, Sandrine Balzergue, and Graciela Nestares. "Characterization of Non-Target-Site Mechanisms in Imidazolinone-Resistant Sunflower by RNA-seq." Helia 41, no. 69 (December 1, 2018): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2018-0012.

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AbstractImisun sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) are imidazolinone-resistant cultivars in which the two mechanisms of herbicide resistance coexist: (i) mutation in herbicide target-site (target-site resistance) and (ii) non-target-site resistance (NTSR). In Imisun technology, NTSR could be related to herbicide metabolism and might occur as a result of a constitutive up-regulation of resistance genes, or it can appear only after herbicide treatment. The objective of this study was to characterize NTSR in Imisun sunflower in response to imazethapyr using RNA-Seq and to determine whether these mechanisms are constitutive or herbicide-induced. Cypsels were germinated in plastic pots, watered by capillarity and growth in chamber under controlled conditions. Seven-day-old plants were treated with 0 (control) and 1 μM imazethapyr for 12 h. After leaf RNA purification, stranded, paired-end cDNA libraries were constructed. Sequencing was performed with Illumina HiSeq2000. Local mapping, with and without multihits, was carried out over the reference transcriptome HaT13l and differential expression was analysed. Sixty one and 47 contigs (according to mapping strategy) related to xenobiotic metabolism were found: cytochromes P450s, ABC transporters, glycosyltransferases, UDPglucuronosyl/glucosyltransferases and glutathione S-transferases. None of these contigs showed differential expression between control and imazethapyr-treated plants. Seventeen interesting contigs were verified by qRT-PCR. These results suggest that constitutive NTSR mechanisms may account for imidazolinone resistance in Imisun sunflower.

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TSUKAMOTO, Naohisa, Koichi KOBAYASHI, and Takao KONDO. "Operating Characteristics of Plastic Helical Gears." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 66, no. 648 (2000): 2797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.66.2797.

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Hao, Yi Shu, Bao Gang Zhang, and Bei Peng. "Analysis of Tribological Characteristics between Plastic and Steel Helical Gear." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 2097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2097.

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The application of plastic gear is becoming more and more widespread due to its advantages of low noise, shock and vibration absorption and self-lubrication. Friction heat of plastic gear is an important reason for their failure, because the thermal conductivity of plastic is smaller than the metal and the heat generated by friction is an important factor for temperature rising of plastic gear. This paper established a tribology and temperature model of plastic gear transmission by the way of theoretical analysis and finite element simulation of plastic and steel helical gear transmission. The result of finite element analysis shows that friction heat of plastic gears generated during meshing is comparatively large, but the friction of plastic gear and steel gear during the process of meshing is small. The analysis conclusion, contrapose the tribological properties between plastic and steel helical gear, enriched and improved the research in this field and provided some ready-made experiences.

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HORIUCHI, Akiyo, Minoru MAKI, Ichiro KOBAYASHI, and Zihe LU. "PG-04 A Study on Hourglass Worm Gear of Plastics Involutes Helical gear Wheel Teeth(PLASTIC GEAR TECHNOLOGY)." Proceedings of the JSME international conference on motion and power transmissions 2009 (2009): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeimpt.2009.444.

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Kobelev, Vladimir. "Elastic–plastic deformation and residual stresses in helical springs." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 16, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 448–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-04-2019-0085.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop the method for the calculation of residual stress and enduring deformation of helical springs. Design/methodology/approach For helical compression or tension springs, a spring wire is twisted. In the first case, the torsion of the straight bar with the circular cross-section is investigated, and, for derivations, the StVenant’s hypothesis is presumed. Analogously, for the torsion helical springs, the wire is in the state of flexure. In the second case, the bending of the straight bar with the rectangular cross-section is studied and the method is based on Bernoulli’s hypothesis. Findings For both cases (compression/tension of torsion helical spring), the closed-form solutions are based on the hyperbolic and on the Ramberg–Osgood material laws. Research limitations/implications The method is based on the deformational formulation of plasticity theory and common kinematic hypotheses. Practical implications The advantage of the discovered closed-form solutions is their applicability for the calculation of spring length or spring twist angle loss and residual stresses on the wire after the pre-setting process without the necessity of complicated finite-element solutions. Social implications The formulas are intended for practical evaluation of necessary parameters for optimal pre-setting processes of compression and torsion helical springs. Originality/value Because of the discovery of closed-form solutions and analytical formulas for the pre-setting process, the numerical analysis is not necessary. The analytical solution facilitates the proper evaluation of the plastic flow in torsion, compression and bending springs and improves the manufacturing of industrial components.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heliga plaster"

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Song, Peng. "Effect of oxide former elements on ion-irradiation response of oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steels." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/236000.

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Grytskyy, Dmytro [Verfasser], Moritz [Akademischer Betreuer] Helias, Björn Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Kampa, and Ruben [Akademischer Betreuer] Moreno-Bote. "Theory of mutual interaction of activity and connectivity in plastic neural networks / Dmytro Grytskyy ; Moritz Helias, Björn Michael Kampa, Ruben Moreno-Bote." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1162499583/34.

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Khosravi, Rahmani Ramin. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND PERFORMANCE STUDY OF AN INDUSTRIAL HELICAL STATIC MIXER." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1103149825.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2004.
Typescript. "A dissertation [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Engineering." Bibliography: leaves 323-340.

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Iervolino, Onorio. "Enhanced impact resistance and pseudo plastic behaviour in composite structures through 3D twisted helical arrangement of fibres and design of a novel chipless sensor for damage detection." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723326.

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The future of the aerospace industry in large part relies on two factors: (i) development of advanced damage tolerant materials and (ii) development of advanced smart sensors with the ability to detect and evaluate defects at very early stages of component service life. Laminated composite materials, such as carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP), have emerged as the materials of choice for increasing the performance and reducing the cost and weight of aircrafts, which leads to less fuel consumption and therefore lower CO2 emissions. However, it is well known that these materials exhibit fragile behaviour, poor resistance to impact damage caused by foreign objects and require a relatively slow and labour intensive manufacturing process. These factors prevent the rapid expansion of composite materials in several industrial sectors at the current time. Inspired by the use of rope throughout history and driven by the necessity of creating a lean manufacturing process for composites and enhancing their impact properties, the first part of this work has shown that enhanced damage tolerance and pseudo-ductile behaviour can be achieved with standard CFRP by creatively arranging the fibres into a 3D twisted helical configuration. Through an extensive experimental campaign a new method to arrange fibre reinforcement was presented and its effect investigated. The second part of this PhD work focused on developing a new smart sensor. A spiral passive electromagnetic sensor (SPES) for damage detection on CFRP and glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) is presented in this work. A range of defect types in glass and carbon composite has been considered, such as delamination, perforated holes and cracks. Furthermore, throughout this work, the SPES has been exploited as a multi-sensing device allowing the ability to detect temperature and humidity variation, presence of ice and act as an anti/de-icing device.

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Horn, Helena [Verfasser]. "Theodor Schmuz-Baudiß (1859 - 1942) : vom Maler in München zum künstlerischen Direktor der Königlichen Porzellanmanufaktur Berlin / vorgelegt von Helena Horn." 2009. http://d-nb.info/994231202/34.

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Lin, Rung-Ye, and 林榮業. "Study on Improving the AutomaticThree-Dimensional Measurement System for Helical Spring Back Characteristics of Plastic Pipes." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97241953999848355580.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
機械與精密工程研究所
102
Plastic pipes are popular and daily used goods. In order to fabricate a good product, new design concept and quality uniformity are important. Using machine vision technology to analyze the spiral plastic pipe quality such as spring-back property is a good methodology which can facilitate the industries and consumers to trust each other. It also can provide consumers a fair certification in purchasing goods. Therefore, to establish a systematic measurement system has become the research target. This study used the machine vision technology to improve the deficiencies of the measurement logic. Using an external controller to position and move the plastic tube more accurately. In addition, the estimation of fully spring-back time can improve the measure standard to earn consumer trust and recognition. According to the experimental results of this study, the spring-back time prediction is acceptable and the measurement error of plastic pipe radius is within a range of ±0.15mm. By using the ATOS reverse measurement equipment to perform the system verification, the error amount of the average radius of spring-back curvature is 0.014mm which is better than the previous study. The accuracy and stability of the proposed system is verified which help promotion and application in plastic pipe industry.

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Kennedy, Kimberly Theresa May. "Exotic vs. native: global and urban investigations of leaf litter decay in streams." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7504.

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Exotic species alter the streamside plant community by changing the resources available to the stream food web, causing cascading changes throughout the entire aquatic ecosystem. To better understand the impacts of exotic litter species on stream communities, investigations were made at global and local levels. A meta-analysis was performed to understand which environmental and litter quality factors impact native and exotic litter decay rates on the global scale. It was found that exotic species are likely to decay faster than native species at larger mesh sizes, and in warm temperature environments because high quality exotic leaves have a lower C:N ratio than native leaves. An urban litter decay experiment in Victoria, B.C. streams contrasting Alnus rubra, Salix sitchensis, Hedera sp., Rubus armeniacus and plastic trash found that trash decays more slowly than leaf litter, but leaf species all decay at the same rate, and stream invertebrates colonize all litter types equally. Significant differences in litter decay rates and invertebrate community alpha and Shannon diversities were also observed across the four different streams. The more that is learned about the impacts of exotic leaf litter, the better we are able to respond to keep streams as healthy and as biodiverse as possible.
Graduate
2017-08-10
0329
0793
kimkenn@uvic.ca

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Books on the topic "Heliga plaster"

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Dodson, Jualynne E. Sacred spaces and religious traditions in Oriente Cuba. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2008.

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Sacred Spaces and Religious Traditions of Oriente Cuba. University of New Mexico Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heliga plaster"

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Kim, Peter. "Prophylactic Z-Plasty to Prevent the Notch Deformity of the Helical Rim Following the Wedge Excision of the Ear." In Advanced Cosmetic Otoplasty, 539–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35431-1_54.

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Koide, T., Y. Ishida, A. Ueda, M. Nomura, and A. Tamura. "Strength of plastic helical wheels meshed with various types of worms." In International Gear Conference 2014: 26th–28th August 2014, Lyon, 24–31. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781782421955.24.

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Takahashi, M., T. Itagaki, H. Takahashi, and T. Koide. "Lifetime and meshing teeth temperature of plastic crossed helical gear: case of grease lubrication." In International Gear Conference 2014: 26th–28th August 2014, Lyon, 148–57. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781782421955.148.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heliga plaster"

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Miyachika, Kouitsu, Kazuaki Ando, Wei-Dong Xue, and Imaduddin Helmi Bin Wan Nordin. "Effects of Case Depth, Side-Face Carburizing and Helix Angle on Residual Stress and Bending Fatigue Strength of Case-Carburized Helical Gears." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87313.

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This paper presents a study on effects of case depth, side-face carburizing and helix angle on the residual stress and the bending fatigue strength of case-carburized helical gears. The carbon content of each element of the FEM gear models due to carburizing was obtained. A heat conduction analysis and an elastic-plastic stress analysis in the case-carburizing process of helical gears were carried out by the three-dimensional finite-element method, and then residual stresses were obtained. Effects of the case depth, the side-face carburizing, the helix angle and the face width on the residual stress of case-carburized helical gears were determined. Bending fatigue tests were carried out for case-carburized helical gears and S-N curves and bending fatigue limit loads were obtained. Effects of the case-depth, the side-face carburizing and the helix angle on the bending fatigue strength of the case-carburized helical gear were determined.

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Jabbour, Toni, Ghazi Asmar, and Chadi Ghaith. "Analysis of Plastic Helical Gear." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95283.

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The objective of this work is to present a mathematical model which studies helical gears made of a material with a small modulus of elasticity, when one or more pairs of teeth mesh prematurely during engagement. This phenomenon may lead to the modification of the load distribution on the teeth which are initially in contact and to a kind of interference causing additional tooth wear of the gear. In this case, the calculation of the contact ratio must account for the real number of pairs of teeth in contact. This is especially important when large deformations occur as is confirmed in the results presented to confirm the validity of the proposed method.

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Koide, Takao, Mikio Takahashi, Hideo Takahashi, and Kouitsu Miyachika. "Heat Generation, Power Transmission Efficiency, and Life of Plastic Worm and Helical Wheels Meshed With Steel Worm." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47557.

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This paper describes the heat generation, power transmission efficiency, and life of plastic helical and worm wheels meshed with a steel worm. A machine for testing plastic worm gears was developed, in which the center distance and shaft angle are variable, and by which the transmission efficiency can be measured. Experiments were performed using plastic helical and worm wheels and steel worms under no-lubrication condition. Polyacetal homopolymer and copolymer were used as wheel materials. The tooth temperatures of the plastic helical and worm wheels and the torques of the worm and wheel shafts were measured. The failure mode for plastic helical and worm wheels; the temperature of the wheel teeth; the transmission efficiencies between meshing gear teeth; and the lives of plastic wheels were determined. The effects of backlash and shaft angle on the life of plastic wheels were also determined.

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Nakamura, Morimasa, Atsushi Katayama, and Ichiro Moriwaki. "Performance of Injection-Molded Plastic Helical Gears Finished by Hot Rolling." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47426.

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A hot-roll finishing was proposed as a simple finishing method for plastic gears. In the hot-roll finishing, plastic work gears are finished by meshing with a heated copper die wheel. In the previous study, a hot-roll finishing rig for plastic gears was developed, and it was confirmed that tooth profiles of hobbed plastic gears are improved by the finishing. Thus, the hot-roll finishing could also be effective for injection-molded plastic gears. In the present paper, appropriate hot-roll finishing procedures for injection-molded polyoxymethylene (POM) helical gears were pursued. In the injection molding, an inadequate mold easily allows large slope deviations on a tooth profile and trace. The hot-roll finishing can reduce the slope deviations, but induces form deviations especially on the profile. Tests of injection-molded and hot-roll-finished plastic gears were performed on a self-produced gear roller test rig and a self-produced fatigue rig, and a transmission error and load capacity were estimated. Compared with injection-molded gears, hot-roll-finished plastic gears showed small transmission error, while a load capacity was at the almost same level. As a result, the hot-roll finishing is effective for improving a transmission error of injection-molded plastic gears.

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Hao Yishu, Zhang Baogang, and Zhu Xinxing. "Thermal performance research of plastic helical gear and steel worm transmission." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536674.

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Chen, Yen Chu, Takayoshi Itagaki, Hideo Takahashi, and Mikio Takahashi. "Injection molded plastic helical gear filled with carbon powder made from rice hull." In PROCEEDING OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF GLOBAL NETWORK FOR INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY 2016 (3RD IGNITE-2016): Advanced Materials for Innovative Technologies. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4993397.

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Keller, Scott G., and Ali P. Gordon. "Stress Approximation Technique for Helical Compression Springs Subjected to Lateral Loading." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40948.

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Helical compression springs are commonly used devices capable of storing kinetic energy. Typical applications vary in simplicity, ranging from low stress amplitudes and in favorable environments, e.g. ball point pen spring at room temperature, to millions of cycles in elevated temperatures, e.g. valve train spring in IC engines. Regardless of the load or environment, springs are able to use the intrinsic elasticity of the material and the initial geometry to resist plastic deformation, all while allowing for the transfer of load over various distances. Generally, these loads are parallel to the axis of the spring; however, as more complex designs arise, these uniaxial springs are gaining popularity in a variety of off-axis loading situations, e.g. flexible shaft couplings, invalidating traditional stress/strain equations. As such, equivalent stress and strain equations have been developed capable of fast, real-time calculations based upon visual inspection of the bent helix. Coupled with the initial dimensions and material of the spring, the state of equivalent stress/strain can be resolved at any position within the wire. Experiments were conducted on several off-the-shelf steel springs (conforming to ASTM A229), then compared to FEA and analytical solutions. Ultimately, it was observed that through an approximation of the bent helix, the equivalent stress and strain can be determined at any location within the wire, allowing for the approximation of life and crack initiation locations of the spring.

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DO, ANH-TUAN, KUO-WEI LEE, WEN-HAO CHANG, RUNG-YE LIN, and QUANG-CHERNG HSU. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT OF SPRING-BACK CHARACTERISTICS FOR HELICAL PLASTIC HOSES USING COMPUTER VISION." In CMEM 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/cmem170121.

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Weiss, Michael T., and Roderick E. Kleiss. "Assuring Molded Accuracy of Plastic Involute Worm Gears." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34155.

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Many plastic geared transmissions contain crossed-axis worm drives in the first stage. The purpose is usually to achieve high reduction and/or tailored package size. The need for precision control of worm and helical gear geometry is just as important for this gear mesh as for any other. A myriad of molded flaws can degrade or destroy the performance of these gears. Pitch, tooth thickness, and lead errors are only a few possibilities. Barrel shaped, tapered, or hourglass bodies must be identified and controlled. Asymmetrical teeth are a distinct possibility as well. The only proper way to detect and evaluate these conditions is to scan and analyze these gears in three dimensions. The traditional method of scanning only one section of the tooth on a worm and then scanning the lead at the pitch line will not reveal many molded gear error sources. Measuring pitch or tooth thickness by taking single point measurements around the gear will also miss many errors. We have developed scanning and analysis techniques to accurately map the size and accuracy of these truly three-dimensional involute gear shapes.

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Xue, Peng, Fangda Yu, Bingcheng Wu, Haiyang Bao, and Jie Zheng. "Fabrication of a helical structure on a commercial plastic optical fiber for refractive index sensing." In Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications IX, edited by Tiegen Liu, Gang-Ding Peng, and Zuyuan He. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2537187.

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