Dissertations / Theses: 'Helminthes'

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MATHON, FRANCOIS. "L'helminthofaune intestinale du renard roux (vulpes vulpes) en alsace : bilan d'une etude sur 8 ans (1983-1991)." Strasbourg 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR15087.

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Gaspard, Philippe. "Contamination parasitaire dans l'environnement : prospective pour une gestion des risques sanitaires." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10453.

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Côté, Nathalie. "Apports de la paléogénétique à l'étude des helminthes gastro-intestinaux anciens." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2013/document.

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La paléoparasitologie est l’étude des restes de parasites préservés dans des échantillons archéologiques et permet de mieux comprendre l’état de santé des populations anciennes et d’obtenir des informations d’ordre anthropologique ou ethnologique, sur les régimes alimentaires ou les conditions d’hygiène au quotidien. Les restes de parasites peuvent être retrouvés sous forme de macro-restes (vers ou larves), d’antigènes, d’ADN ou d’œufs. Cesderniers peuvent être particulièrement bien préservés au cours du temps car ils sont composés en partie de chitine, les rendant résistants aux processus de dégradation. L’observation microscopique de leurs caractéristiques morphologiques et micrométriques permet d’identifier les taxons au niveau du genre ou de la famille. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, plusieurs helminthes gastro-intestinaux, dont les œufs sont fréquemment retrouvés dans des échantillons archéologiques, ont été ciblés par une approche génétique. Il s’agit des vers plats Tæniasaginata, T. solium, T. asiatica, Echinococcus granulosus, E. multilocularis, Diphyllobothriumlatum, D. dendriticum et D. nihonkaiense, des nématodes Trichuris trichiura, Enterobiusvermicularis et Ascaris sp. et des douves Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Dicrocoeliumdendriticum et D. chinensis.La méthode « aMPlex Torrent » permet de détecter, dans un grand nombre d’échantillons archéologiques, une faible quantité d’ADN de parasites. Cette approche combine la spécificité et la sensibilité de la PCR au haut-débit du séquençage de nouvelle génération. Plusieurs vestiges, provenant de périodes et de régions géographiques diverses, ont été analysés. Des résultats génétiques ont été obtenus pour des échantillons aussi anciens que 7200 BP. Nous avons par ailleurs obtenus les premières séquences anciennes de Taenia sp., Diphyllobothriumsp., Echinococcus sp., et les premières séquences européennes d’Enterobius vermicularis. Auvu de ces résultats, notre approche apparait comme étant complémentaire à la microscopie
Palaeoparasitogy, the study of parasite remains from archaeological samples, is adiscipline that can highlight questions about the health status of the ancient populations. It can give important anthropological or ethnological information such as the diet and the hygiene conditions of past societies. The remains can be preserved as macroremains (worms or larvae),antigens, DNA or eggs. Because they are partially made of chitin, eggs of gastrointestinalhelminths resist well over time to the taphonomic degradation process. It is possible to distinguish between different families or genera of parasites by looking at the morphological features of eggs. However, since several taxa share common features, the determination is rarelypossible at the species level. For this thesis, several parasite species for which eggs arecommonly observed in archeological samples have been studied by a genetic approach. Westudied the tapeworms Tænia saginata, T. solium, T. asiatica, Echinococcus granulosus, E.multilocularis, Diphyllobothrium latum, D. dendriticum, and D. nihonkaiense; the nematodesTrichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, and Ascaris sp.; and the flukes Fasciola hepatica,F. gigantica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, and D. chinensis.The “aMPlex Torrent” approach has been set up to detect minute amounts of DNA from parasites in multiple archaeological samples. This approach combines the specificity andsensitivity of PCR to the throughput of Next-Generation sequencing. Several samples have been analyzed by this approach. We obtained genetic results for samples as old as 7200 BP and from various geographical and archeological contexts. We obtained the first ancient DNA sequences for Taenia sp., Diphyllobothrium sp., Echinococcus sp. and the first European sequences forEnterobius vermicularis. Genetic analyses and microscopic observations appear to be complementary. Indeed, at least one taxon per sample was detected by one of the two approaches

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Schmitt, Rolande. "Les helminthes intestinaux du renard roux (vulpes vulpes) en Alsace." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15046.

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Barrault, Gérard. "L'helminthosporiose de l'orge causée par Dreschlera teres." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT010A.

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Apres avoir presente l'orge et le pathogene, nous avons conduit une etude analytique et evolutive des symptomes causes par les deux formes du pathogene (maculata et teres) et montre que leur morphologie differente est en relation avec la localisation du mycelium du parasite. La forme maculata determine des symptomes tres polymorphes susceptibles d'etre confondus avec d'autres pathogenes dont certains ont ete decrits pour la premiere fois en france. Par ailleurs, l'etude biologique fait ressortir que ces deux formes ont les memes exigences a l'egard d'un certain nombre de facteurs abiotiques (t#o, ph, lumiere, humidite) et qu'il n'y a a pas d'antagonisme entre celles-ci. Ces resultats ne sauraient donc expliquer leur importance et leur repartition geographique differentes. Apres avoir precise les facteurs qui concourent a l'optimisation de la biosynthese du complexe toxique, nous avons montre que les phytotoxines sont largement impliquees dans l'expression des composantes du symptome mais qu'elles ne semblent pas responsables du pouvoir pathogene. Ensuite l'etude de la sensibilite des differents cultivars d'orge a la maladie a revele que la plupart de ceux cultives en france sont sensibles a tres sensibles. Les principaux geniteurs de resistance proviennent des centre d'origine de l'orge cultivee. Enfin une etude qualitative et quantitative des differents facteurs agissant sur les diverses formes du pathogene (impliquees dans les sequences de l'epidemie) a ete realisee. Elle permet de mettre en exergue l'importance des pailles d'orge dans l'exteriorisation des formes de conservation et de dissemination, de mieux comprendre le developpement de la maladie a l'echelon de la parcelle, et d'entrevoir une modelisation de celui-ci dans le cadre d'une lutte rationnelle

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Renaud, François. "Biologie et évolution des populations d'Helminthes parasites : le modèle Helminthes-Téléostéens." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20127.

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L'evolution des associations interspecifiques est envisagee, dans les populations, sous la forme d'un jeu evolutif simple s'appuyant sur le principe de la theorie des jeux. Les solutions du jeu revelent l'existence de deux equilibres evolutifs bases l'un sur le conflit et l'autre sur la cooperation. Les differentes strategies que peuvent adopter les partenaires sont examinees au travers de plusieurs exemples pris dans le monde du parasitisme. La biologie et l'evolution des coupes helminthes-teleosteens sont etudiees par differentes approches: le role respectif des strategies de la reproduction et de la transmission parasitaire; les phenomenes de speciation et de specificite analyses a l'aide de trois modeles diplozoon (monogenea); bothrimonus (cestoda) et bothriocephalus (cestoda) revelent l'existence de relations etroites qui lient les couples hotes-parasites. A partir de la divergence genetique observee au niveau de 12 loci, une phylogenie de huit especes de bothriocephales (cestoda) est etablie. La comparaison de cette phylogenie a celle des especes hotes permet de discuter des concordances phylogenetiques hotes et parasites

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Renaud, François. "Biologie et évolution des populations d'helminthes parasites le modèle helminthes-téléostéens /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376179760.

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MULLER, NICOLE. "Les helminthes intestinaux du renard roux - vulpes vulpes - dans le haut-rhin." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10747.

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SCHMIDT, ENRIQUE EBERARDO. "Diversite specifique chez les helminthes de bovins : methodes d'approches et facteurs de variation." Paris 12, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA120047.

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La diversite helminthique des ruminants a ete peu etudiee, surtout dans le cadre d'etudes faunistiques. Seules 5 a 6 especes de nematodes parasitent le tube digestif des bovins en regions temperees. La diversite specifique est estimee sur les vers adultes recoltes apres autopsie et la diversite generique a partir des larves infestantes dans les matieres fecales. Chez les nematodes, tant a large (france, colombie, usa, espagne, zaire, argentine, bresil) qu'a petite echelle (pampas d'argentine) nous avons montre que la diversite etait associee a de faibles intensites. Dans ces etudes nous avons utilises l'indice classique de shannon, de qualite incertaine en l'absence de mesure formelle de sa variabilite. Il y avait necessite de developper des methodes plus efficaces pour differencier des sites ou des fermes. Nous avons developpe une methode fondee sur les resultats d'autopsie parasitaire : une analyse discriminante etait etablie sur les proportions de chaque espece, sur les proportions rangees par ordre decroissant (distribution de ces proportions), et enfin sur une combinaison lineaire de 15 indices univaries (correspondant a une opposition dominance-diversite). Cette technique statistique a ete utilisee ensuite pour apprecier la diversite generique obtenue a partir des larves infestantes obtenues lors de coprocultures. Cette derniere facon de proceder a ete efficace pour differencier les fermes selon leur diversite generique, etait repetable, et nous l'avons choisie comme methode de reference. Une etude a alors ete realisee dans 21 fermes des pampas argentines afin de rechercher les facteurs de variation de la diversite. Sur le modele de la theorie des iles, nous avons recherche si le nombre d'hotes infestes introduits et de traitements anthelminthiques (frequence et type) limitant la survie des nematodes au sein des fermes, etaient des facteur importants du maintien de la diversite. L'augmentation du nombre de traitements reduit fortement la diversite generique. Des recherches complementaires seraient a efectuer en ce qui concerne l'utilisation de la diversite fonctionnelle plutot que de la diversite specifique ou generique.

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FLORIN, PIERRE. "Evolution historique des therapeutiques medicamenteuses antiparasitaires concernant les helminthes a localisation extra-luminale." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M005.

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Long, Thavy. "Caractérisation structurale et régulation de l'activité de deux Polo-like kinases de Schistosoma mansoni : SmPlk1 et SmSak." Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S007.

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La schistosomiase est l'infection helminthique humaine la plus importante en termes de morbidité et de mortalité dans de nombreux pays. L'émergence récente de cas de résistances à la seule drogue efficace contre le schistosome, le praziquantel (PZQ) fait de cette maladie une priorité pour l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) de rechercher de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques. La ponte massive des oeufs (jusqu'à 300 oeufs par jour par femelle) est responsable de la transmission de la maladie par des parasites complexes trématodes mais aussi de toute la pathologie de la schistosomiase. Mon travail de Doctorat vise avant tout à déchiffrer les mécanismes complexes de la reproduction des schistosomes et à élucider les voies de signalisation qui régulent cette hyperfécondité, dont les acteurs moléculaires peuvent être des cibles évidentes pour le contrôle de la schistosomiase. Les kinases Polo sont des membres conservés de la famille des Polo-like kinases (Plks) qui sont impliquées dans la progression du cycle cellulaire. Actuellement, les Plks humaines constituent une cible importante dans les traitements anticancéreux de par leur expression aberrante dans les tumeurs et signent d’ailleurs un mauvais pronostic. Sur la base de recherches in silico, nous avons caractérisé SmPlk1 (Schistosoma mansoni Plk1), homologue à la Plk1 humaine. SmPlk1 était principalement transcrit dans des stades de multiplication cellulaire intense et préférentiellement dans les organes reproducteurs des schistosomes adultes suggérant un rôle potentiel de SmPlk1 dans les processus de division. Nous avons montré que SmPlk1 possédait un rôle conservé dans la transition G2/M dans le modèle d’ovocyte de Xénope. L’inhibition dose-dépendante de l'ovogénèse et la spermatogénèse par le BI 2536, un inhibiteur spécifique des Plks, indiquait un rôle de SmPlk1 dans la multiplication et la différenciation des gamètes chez le parasite et suggérait que cette kinase pourrait être une nouvelle cible dans le traitement anti-schistosome. Parallèlement à ces travaux, une seconde Plk, SmSak, a été identifiée dont les résultats préliminaires ont montré une structure et des fonctions différentes de celles de SmPlk1 suggérant un rôle distinct de cette dernière. De plus, nous avons identifié un activateur potentiel de Plk, SmSLK (S. Mansoni Ste20-like kinase) capable d'activer spécifiquement SmPlk1 dans des conditions d'activation particulières dépendant de deux mécanismes originaux, l'un dépendant des caspases et l'autre dépendant d'ARN anti-sens
Schistosomiasis is the most important helminthic infection in term of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries and represents the second parasitic disease to malaria. The evidence for praziquantel (PZQ) resistance, the only drug currently used to treat the disease, led the World Health Organization (WHO) to consider as a priority the finding of novel therapeutic targets. Egg production is responsible for disease transmission by complex trematodes parasites but also for the pathology of schistosomiasis. My PhD work contributes to a better understanding of the complex mechanisms that regulate schistosome reproduction. One particularity of schistosomes is that the sexual development of females requires a permanent contact with the male, allowing a level of fecundity exceptionally high. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms implied in this hyperfecundity are obvious targets for the control of schistosomiasis. Polo kinases are serine/threonine kinases, belonging to the Polo-like kinase family (Plks) whose members are conserved from yeast to mammals. During last years, human Plks have been extensively studied and considered as major targets for cancer because of their dramatic overexpression in proliferating cells and many tumors. In silico researches have led us to the characterization in S. Mansoni, SmPlk1, homologous to human Plk1. SmPlk1 was abundantly transcribed in parasite stages containing germinal cells expected to undergo frequent cell divisions, and particularly in the reproductive organs of adult worms suggesting a potential role of SmPlk1 in division processes. We have shown that SmPlk1 induced resumption of meiosis in oocytes of Xenopus. Moreover, the specific Plk1- inhibitor BI 2536 used in clinical trials, induces morphological aberrations in reproductive organs and inhibits oogenesis and spermatogenesis in paired worms, indicating a role of SmPlk1 in gamete multiplication and differentiation in S. Mansoni parasites and so the possibility that this kinase could be a novel potential target for schistosomiasis treatment. In parallel to this work, we recently identified a second Plk in S. Mansoni, SmSak different for its structure and its functions, and notably its role in the centriole duplication. Moreover, we identified a potential activator of Plk, SmSLK (S. Mansoni Ste-20 like kinase) able to activate specifically SmPlk1 in particular conditions. Indeed, two original mechanisms, one dependent on caspases and the other one dependent on antisense RNA, could regulate the kinase activity of SmSLK and therefore, the activity of SmPlk1

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Massé, Dominique Lucie. "Etude épidémiologique des helminthiases intestinales dans la région du futur lac de retenue de la Bini à Warak (Adamaoua) Cameroun." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23066.

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Stien, Jean-Louis. "Oeufs d'helminthes et environnement : le modèle d'oeufs d'ascaris." Metz, 1989. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1989/Stien.Jean_Louis.SMZ893.pdf.

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L'estimation de la qualité parasitologique des eaux et boues résiduaires, passe par la recherche qualitative et quantitative des oeufs d'helminthes parasités et plus spécialement de l'oeuf d'ascaris suum désigné comme indicateur éventuel de pollution parasitaire. Il est proposé une évaluation de quatre méthodes classiques de concentration parasitaire, couplées avec des techniques de mise en viabilité sur gelose, et une approche nouvelle de concentration sélective des oeufs viables d'ascaris suum au sein de divers types d'échantillons (eaux, boues. . . ). Dans un dernier temps, il est procédé à la mise en application de ces techniques sur des échantillons de terrain, une approche prospective d'élimination est tentée par lutte biologique intégrée.

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Stalliviere, Fernanda Magalhães. "Ectoparasitos e helmintos intestinais em Canis familiaris e Felis catus domesticus, da cidade de Lages, SC, Brasil." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2007. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/793.

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The purpose of this research was to determinate and compare the prevalence of ectoparasites and intestinal helminthes in domiciliated dogs and cats, from central and peripheral region, of Lages, city, state of Santa Catarina. To correlate families pets owner s social-economical and cultural aspects with the prevalence of ectoparasites and intestinal helminthes. To verify the proportion between human and dog s population and human and cat s population. From December 2005 to December 2006 period, 600 questionnaires were submitted to people from five central and peripheral districts in the Lages, SC city. Ectoparasites were collected from 143 dogs and 28 cats, and faeces samples were collected from 523 dogs and 111 cats. The ectoparasites samples were kept in 70°GL and the faeces were properly packed and sent to Parasitology and Parasitary Diseases Laboratory of the Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias CAV, from the Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina UDESC. The ectoparasites were identified according to dichotomic keys. Techniques which has for principles the flotation and sedimentation were used to analyze the faeces samples. The social-economical and cultural aspects were evaluated by using data obtained from the income and schooling parameters. Data from all dogs and cats found in the homes were used to evaluate the human s, canine s and feline s populations. The prevalence of ectoparasites in dogs was 22.9% and for intestinal helminthes was 38.2% and in cats was 13.8% and 37.8%, respectively. The prevalence for ectoparasites and intestinal helminthes in domiciliated dogs and cats from the peripheral region were bigger than the central region. The ectoparasites observed in dogs were Ctenocephalides felis felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides hybrid (C. felis felis x C. canis), Pulex irritans, Trichodectes canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Otodectes cynotis, Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis and Demodex canis. The intestinal helminths observed in dogs were, Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., Dipylidium sp., Oncicola sp. and Taeniidae family. In cats the ectoparasites observed were C. felis felis, C. canis and Ctenocephalides hybrid (C. felis felis x C. canis). The intestinal helminthes observed in cats were, Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., Oncicola sp., and Taeniidae family. The average of the eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces of Ancylostoma spp. Was 220,46 in dogs and 311.71 of Toxocara sp. in cats. The cultural level had not been significant for the prevalence of ectoparasites in dogs, and the social-economical and cultural levels had not been significant to the prevalence of intestinal helminthes in dogs. The average of people perhouse was 3.6, 1.04 for dogs and 0.34 for cats. The proportion man/dog was 3.5:1 and man/cat was 10.7:1. The canine population estimated for the city was 43.880 and the feline population estimated was 14.353.
Com os objetivos de determinar e comparar a prevalência de ectoparasitos e helmintos intestinais em cães e gatos domiciliados, das regiões central e periférica, da cidade de Lages, SC; de correlacionar aspectos sócio-econômicos e culturais das famílias proprietárias dos animais com a prevalência de ectoparasitos e helmintos intestinais; e de verificar a proporção entre a população humana com a canina e com a felina; no período de dezembro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006, foram aplicados 600 questionários a pessoas residentes em cinco bairros centrais e cinco periféricos da cidade de Lages, SC. Foram coletados ectoparasitos de 143 cães e 28 gatos e amostras de fezes de 523 cães e 111 gatos. As amostras de ectoparasitos foram conservadas em álcool 70°GL e as de fezes devidamente acondicionadas e enviadas ao laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias do Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias- CAV, da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina- UDESC. Os ectoparasitos foram identificados por meio de chaves dicotômicas e para as amostras de fezes, foram realizadas técnicas que têm por princípio a flutuação e a sedimentação. Para avaliação dos aspectos sócio-econômicos e culturais utilizaram-se dados de faixa salarial e escolaridade, respectivamente. Para avaliação das populações humana, canina e felina foram computados os dados de todos os cães e gatos existentes nos domicílios. Dentre os cães a prevalência para ectoparasitos foi de 22,9% e para helmintos intestinais de 38,2% e em gatos, 13,8% e 37,8%, respectivamente. As prevalências para ectoparasitos e helmintos intestinais em cães e em gatos domiciliados na região periférica foram maiores que na central. Os ectoparasitos observados nos cães foram Ctenocephalides felis felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides híbrido (C. felis felis x C. canis), Pulex irritans, Trichodectes canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Otodectes cynotis, Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis e Demodex canis. Entre os helmintos intestinais, os gêneros observados foram Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., Dipylidium sp., Oncicola sp. e família Taeniidae. Nos gatos, os ectoparasitos observados foram C. felis felis, C. canis e Ctenocephalides híbrido (C. felis felis x C. canis). Os helmintos intestinais foram Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., Oncicola sp. e família Taeniidae. A média do número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) foi de 220,46 para Ancylostoma spp. em cães; e 311,71 para Toxocara sp. em gatos. O nível cultural não atuou de modo significativo para a prevalência de ectoparasitos em cães e os níveis sócio-econômico e cultural não foram significantes para a prevalência de helmintos intestinais em cães. A média do número de pessoas por domicílio foi de 3,6, de cães 1,04 e de gatos 0,34. À proporção homem/cão foi de 3,5:1 e homem/gato de 10,7:1. A população canina estimada para a cidade de Lages é de 43.880 e a população felina é de 14.353.

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Le, Bailly Matthieu. "Evolution de la relation hôte/parasite dans le système lacustre nord alpins au Néolithique (3900-2900 BC), et nouvelles données dans la détection des paléoantigènes de Protozoa." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000157.pdf.

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La paléoparasitologie est la recherche, et l'étude, des restes conservés de parasite dans les échantillons archéologiques historiques et préhistoriques. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'étude des échantillons prélevés sur un ensemble de 6 sites lacustres suisses et allemands, de la période du Néolithique moyen et final, entre 3900 et 2900 ans avant Jésus-Christ. Sur cette échelle chronologique de 1000 ans, des variations du nombre de parasitoses, mais aussi des fluctuations inhérentes à chaque parasite, sont observées. Plusieurs arguments sont proposés pour expliquer ces observations : changements culturels et alimentaires, augmentation de population. Mais ces variations semblent étroitement liées à la crise climatique et économique qui se produit à cette époque. La seconde partie du manuscrit s'attache à développer et à standardiser l'utilisation des techniques immunologiques pour la détection des paléoantigènes de Protozoa dans le matériel ancien. L'immunologie a été utilisée pour rechercher les antigènes de 2 protozoaires parasites du tube digestif de l'homme d'importance sanitaire actuelle : Entamoeba histolytica et Giardia intestinalis. La mise en jeu de la technique ELISA et de l'Immunofluorescence (IF) a permis de prouver l'efficacité de ces outils. A la vue des résultats, de nombreuses questions sont émises concernant le potentiel de détection des outils immunologiques, mais surtout sur la conservation des antigènes, et le rôle des processus taphonomiques dans la perte du signal antigénique. La présence, dans le Nouveau Monde, d'échantillons positifs, uniquement pour des dates postérieures à la colonisation européenne, soulève l'importance des colons dans la transmission et le passage des parasitoses d'un continent à l'autre. L'ensemble des données recueillies permet de compléter les référentiels parasitologiques pour chaque période étudiée, mais aussi, d'augmenter nos connaissances de l'évolution des parasitoses dans le temps. Ces résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives à la Paléoparasitologie tant dans la détection des différentes formes parasitaires que dans les possibilités de recherche
Paleoparasitology is the research and the study of conserved parasitic remains in historical and pre historical archaeological samples. The first part of this work concerns the study of samples tough from six different middle and final Neolithic lakeside settlements, between 3900 and 2900 BC, from Switzerland and Germany. During this thousand year's period, variations of the parasitosis number, and fluctuations of each parasite are observed. Many possibilities are discussed to explain those observations: cultural and diet changes, population increase. But those variations seem to be highly linked to the climatic and economic crash that happens during this period. The second part of the thesis aims to develop and standardize the use of immunological techniques for the detection of Protozoa paleoantigens in ancient materials. Immunology has been used for the research of two human intestinal parasitic Protozoa of medical importance: Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis. The utilisation of ELISA technique and immunofluorescence permitted to prove the efficacy of such methods. The results raise many questions on the detection potential of immunological techniques, but also on the antigens conservation and the role of taphonomic process on the loss of antigenic signal. The presence, in the New World, of positive samples only dated after the European colonization raise the question of the importance of colonists in the importation and the transmission of parasitosis from the Old to the New World. All the data accumulated permit to complete the parasitological references for each period studied, but also, allow enriching the knowledge concerning the evolution of the parasitic diseases through the time. Those results open new perspectives to the Paleoparasitology as well in the detection of new parasites species, as in the ways of research

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Le, Bailly Matthieu Bouchet Françoise. "Evolution de la relation hôte/parasite dans le système lacustre nord alpins au Néolithique (3900-2900 BC), et nouvelles données dans la détection des paléoantigènes de Protozoa." [S.n.] : [S.l.], 2005. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000157.pdf.

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17

Verneau, Olivier. "Evolution des interactions durables : phylogenies et rythmes d'evolution moleculaire dans l'association poissons (teleosteens) helminthes (cestodes)." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112419.

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Apres avoir effectue l'historique des connaissances concernant les relations evolutives hotes-parasites, nous avons entrepris l'analyse des processus evolutifs (coevolution, cospeciation, captures et rythmes d'evolution) regissant les interactions durables a travers le modele biologique poissons (teleosteens) helminthes (cestodes). Nos resultats, qui reposent sur l'examen des phylogenies de sept especes hotes et de leurs parasites, etablies par trois approches moleculaires (electrophorese des isoenzymes, hybridations adn/adn et sequencage partiel du gene ribosomique 18s et de l'its1), montrent que: les phylogenies hotes et parasites ne sont pas congruentes et nous amenent a rejeter l'hypothese de coevolution au sein de cette association heterospecifique ; les taux d'evolution moleculaire intra-lignee ne sont pas similaires. Cependant, les taux d'evolution compares du gene 18s entre la lignee poissons et la lignee bothriocephales semblent globalement du meme ordre de grandeur ; la divergence nucleotidique entre paires d'hotes est superieure a celle estimee entre parasites. De plus, les hotes les plus apparentes sont plus divergents que les parasites les moins apparentes. Le groupe parasite semble donc plus jeune. Ces resultats doivent etre interpretes comme la resultante de deux processus: une colonisation sequentielle des hotes, suivie de speciation ; l'explosion massive d'un parasite ubiquiste en un complexe d'especes. Cette radiation doit trouver son origine lors d'evenements paleoclimatiques

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Toubia-Rahme, Hala. "Effet de l'environnement chimique sur le développement de Drechslera teres (sacc. ) shoem. , parasite de l'orge." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT035A.

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L'etude de l'action in vitro d'un certain nombre de matieres actives utilisees dans le cadre d'une culture intensive d'orge, sur les differentes sequences biologiques de drechslera teres, montre que l'effet de ces produits varie selon la nature et la concentration de la matiere active, ainsi que la forme et la sequence biologique du pathogene. L'etude de l'effet du glyphosate et du paraquat a revele que ces herbicides ont une action inhibitrice sur la morphogenese des organes sclerotioides de d. Teres sur paille, aux concentrations preconisees au champ. Leur morphologie et leur myceliogenese en est affectee. L'etude in vivo en conditions controlees, fait ressortir que la majorite des matieres actives testees favorisent le developpement de la maladie et/ou la sporulation. Nous avons ensuite conduit une etude sur l'action de certaines matieres actives sur la biosynthese de phytotoxines de d. Teres et montre que le carbendazime semble stimuler la production des toxines chez la forme teres. Enfin, l'etude en plein champ montre que les produits etudies n'ont pas d'effet significatif sur le developpement de la maladie a l'exception du 2,4-d et du terpal ayant un effet inhibiteur de la forme maculata. Cependant, on observe une stimulation non significative de la maladie et de la sporulation ainsi qu'une reduction de la phase de latence avec le carbendazime. Le benomyl et le mcpp ont egalement un effet stimulateur non significatif sur la sporulation chez les deux formes du pathogene, ainsi que le soufre chez la forme teres

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Bendahmane, Boubekeur Seddik. "Contribution à la lutte chimique contre drechslera teres (Sacc. ) shoem. , agent de l'helminthosporiose de l'orge." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT010A.

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L'helminthosporiose de l'orge est une maladie fongique causee par drechslera teres (sacc. ) amorphe de pyrenophora teres drechs. Apres avoir fait une etude bibliographique sur le binome orge/d. Teres, nous avons realise une etude de l'action in vitro de plusieurs fongicides sur plusieurs sequences du pathogene. A l'issue du screening, nous observons que les fongicides de contact sont efficaces sur la germination des conidies, les fongicides systemiques sur la croissance mycelienne, la soporulation de la f. Teres et, preventivement sur la morphogenese des organes sclerotioides. L'experimentation in vivo en chambre de culture et en plein champ demontre une inefficacite des fongicides de contact quand ils sont appliques preventivement plus de 48 h avant la contamination. En revanche le prochloraze montre une excellente action preventive en chambre de culture et au champ, mais son efficacite baisse sensiblement au champ sur la f. Maculata. Une etude de la localisation de d. Teres dans la semence, montre que le pathogene peut coloniser les differentes parties de la graine. L'expression de la maladie a partir de l'inoculum seminicole est sous l'influence de la temperature et de l'humidite. La f. Maculata exprime des symptomes coleoptilaires, la f. Teres des symptomes coleoptilaires mais surtout foliaires, celle-ci peut etre systemique. Enfin aucun fongicide teste n'est efficace en traitement de semences sur le pathogene

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Bouchet, Françoise. "Action des micro-ondes sur l'oeuf de Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) (Nematoda - Ascarididae) : application au traitement des boues de stations d'épuration." Tours, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOUR3802.

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Daniłowicz-Luebert, Emilia. "Impact of helminths and helminth products on immune responses." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16683.

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Helmintheninfektionen induzieren in ihren Wirten Typ 2 (Th2) Immunantworten, welche parasitäre Larvenstadien hemmen und/oder zur Abstoßung von intestinalen Würmern führen. Th2-Antworten können auch gegenüber Umweltallergenen ausgebildet werden und allergische Reaktionen vermitteln. Mastzellen (MZ) spielen eine herausragende Rolle für die Wirtsantwort gegen Parasiten. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigen, dass eine Infektion von MZ-defizienten Mäusen mit Helminthen zu einer reduzierten Produktion von IL-25, IL-33 und TSLP, einer beeinträchtigten Etablierung von Th2 Immunantworten und einer erhöhten Wurmlast führt. Diese Parameter konnten allerdings nach einem erfolgreichen Transfer von Knochenmark aus Wildtypmäusen wiederhergestellt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt somit eine wichtige Funktion von Mastzellen für die Initialisierung von Th2 Immunantworten. Des Weiteren konnte gezeigt werden, dass ein Cystein-Protease-Inhibitor - AvCystatin sowohl Parameter von Atemwegsentzündung und -hyperreaktivität als auch Lieschgraspollen (Phl p 5b)-spezifische Immunantworten in einem klinisch relevanten Mausmodell für Atemwegsentzündung inhibiert. Gleichzeitig führte die Behandlung mit AvCystatin zu einem Anstieg von IL-10 und erhöhten Frequenzen von CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T Zellen. Die in vivo Effekte von AvCystatin wurden unabhängig von der Protease-inhibitorischen Aktivität des Immunmodulators oder dessen Fähigkeit zur Oligomerisation vermittelt. AvCystatin unterdrückte zudem die Allergen-spezifische Produktion von IL-13 und induzierte in vitro unter Verwendung mononukleärer Zellen aus dem peripheren Blut (PBMCs) von Graspollen allergischen Patienten einen IFN-gamma vermittelten Th1 shift. Zusammenfassend tragen die Ergebnisse der Arbeit zu einem besseren Verständnis für die frühen Ereignisse von Th2 Immunantworten bei und zeigen, dass Helminthenmoleküle Bystandereffekte auf Immunantworten vermitteln können, die gegen andere Antigene gerichtet sind.
Helminth infections induce protective type 2 (Th2) immune responses in the host leading to arrested larval development and/or intestinal worm expulsion. Moreover, Th2 immune responses are initiated against harmless environmental allergens and mediate development of allergic disease. Among multiple mechanisms implicated in host responses to parasites and allergens, mast cells (MCs) play a pivotal role. The present study shows that MC-deficient mouse strains following infection with two gastrointestinal helminths had dramatically reduced early production of the tissue-derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, which resulted in impaired induction of Th2 immune responses as well as increased parasite burden. These parameters were restored after transfer of WT bone marrow. These data reveal an important role for MCs in orchestrating type 2 immune responses. Parasites have developed various strategies to modulate the immune system via induction of a range of regulatory mechanisms. In this study AvCystatin, the filarial cysteine inhibitor, was found to inhibit airway inflammation and hyperreactivity induced by a clinically relevant allergen of timothy grass pollen (Phl p 5b). AvCystatin increased levels of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 and total numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. The immunomodulatory effect in vivo was found to be independent of AvCystatin’s protease inhibitor activity or oligomerization. Finally, AvCystatin suppressed allergen-specific production of IL-13 and created a shift towards Th1 immunity by increased levels IFN-gamma of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from grass pollen allergic patients. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the early events that dictate the priming of type 2 immune responses. Furthermore, helminth product-induced suppression may also have effects on bystander responses to unrelated antigens, thus, suggesting a promising preventive and therapeutic concept in the treatment of aberrant inflammations.

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PEREIRA, Eliane Machado. "Identificação da comunidade componente de helmintos, gastrointestinais hepáticos, pulmonares, cardíacos e renais de Otaria flavescens (Leão-marinho-do-sul), no litoral sul do Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2318.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:31:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_eliane_machado_pereira.pdf: 4235511 bytes, checksum: 28dcd80ec8888a8603565a7809054107 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-15
This study verified helminth parasites infection in gastrointestinal tract, lungs, heart, and kidneys of southern sea lions, Otaria flavescens, from south coast of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Twenty-nine sea-lions were found dead on the beaches, whose carcasses had mild state of decomposition, were necropsied. The organs were collected during field necropsies for laboratory analyses were 24 small and large intestines, 24 livers including parenchyma and gall bladder, 29 stomachs, 24 hearts, and 24 pairs of kidneys. The organs were maintained frozen at -20°C until their processing. A sieve with 150µm mesh was used for screening the parasites. All content retained was analyzed under stereomicroscope. The helminthes were collected, counted, fixed in AFA, stained with carmine, and clarified in beechwood creosote. The small intestines were divided into three segments that were separately analyzed to record the distribution of helminthes by preference sites. Kolmorogov-Smirnov test was used to verify the type of data distribution. Comparison of mean abundance of infection between age classes was performed through Wilcoxon test at significant level of 0.05. Correlations between infection intensity, sex, total length of the individual, and length of small and large intestines were determined using Pearson s Correlation. Action® software version 1.1 was applied for statistical analyses. Among 29 specimens of O. flavescens 23 were males, three females, and three individuals whose sex could not be determined. The average length of the animals was 2.14±0.31m (1.58 to 2.64m) including 13 sub-adults and 16 adults. A total of 996 specimens of Contracaecum ogmorhini were recorded, especially in the stomach (10.34% of prevalence), 42,145 specimens of Corynosoma australe (100% of prevalence) and 512 of Bolbosoma turbinella (50% of prevalence) were found. Two species of trematodes were found: Stephanophrora uruguayense (Prev. 4.17%) and Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Prev. 33.33% ), a estimated total of 1,988.202 specimens. Cestodes were found in only one of the hosts (4.16% of prevalence) which presented four scoleces. Macroscopically, liver, gall bladder, heart, lungs, and kidneys did not contain parasites. No significant correlation was observed between infection intensity, mean abundance, sex, total length of the host, or length of intestines. Infections levels were similar between sub-adults and adults sea lions. This is the first record of Diphyllobothrium sp., Bolbosoma turbinella, Contracaecum ogmorhini, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa, and Stephanoprora uruguayense in O. flavescens in Brazilian waters. As regards parasite fauna of O. flavescens, our data are different from those previously reported for specimens from Pacific coast of South America.
Este estudo analisou os helmintos parasitos gastrointestinais, pulmonares, cardíacos e renais do O. flavescens no litoral sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram necropsiados 29 leões-marinhos, cujas carcaças apresentavam baixo estado de decomposição. Os órgãos coletados mediante necropsia a campo para análise em laboratório foram 24 intestinos delgado e grosso, 24 fígados incluindo parênquima e vesícula biliar e 29 estômagos, 24 corações e 24 pares de rins. Os órgãos foram congelados a 20oC até o seu processamento. Para a triagem dos parasitos foi usada peneira com malha de 150 µm e todo o conteúdo retido foi analisado sob microscópio estereoscópico. Os helmintos foram fixados em AFA, corados com Carmin e clarificados com creosoto de Faia. Os intestinos delgados foram divididos em três segmentos que foram analisados separadamente para registrar a distribuição dos helmintos por sítios de preferência. Teste de Kolmorogov-Smirnov foi utilizado para verificar tipo de distribuição dos dados. A comparação da abundância média de infecção entre classes etárias foi realizada através do teste de Teste de Wilcoxon usando nível de significância de 0.05. As correlações entre intensidade de infecção, sexo, comprimento total do individuo e comprimento dos intestinos delgado e grosso foram verificadas usando a Correlação de Pearson. Para as análises estatísticas usou-se o software Action® versão 1.1. De 29 espécimes de O. flavescens 23 eram machos, três fêmeas e em três indivíduos o sexo não pode ser determinado. A média do comprimento total dos animais foi 2,14±0,31m (1,58 - 2,64m), sendo 13 subadultos e 16 adultos. Foram registrados 996 espécimes de Contracaecum ogmorhini presentes principalmente no estômago, (prevalência 10%). Registrou-se 42.145 espécimes de Corynosoma australe (Prev. 100%) e 512 de Bolbosoma turbinella (Prev. 50%). Duas espécies de trematódeos foram coletados: Stephanophrora uruguayense (Prev. 4.17% ) e Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa (Prev. 33.33% ) totalizando 1.988.202 espécimes. Cestódeos foram encontrados em apenas um hospedeiro (Prev. 4,16%) que apresentou 4 escóleces. Macroscopicamente, fígado, vesícula biliar, coração, pulmões e rins examinados não estavam parasitados. Nenhuma correlação significativa foi observada entre a intensidade de infecção, sexo, comprimento total ou comprimento dos intestinos. Este é primeiro registro de Diphyllobothrium sp., Bolbosoma turbinella e Contracaecum ogmorhini em O. flavescens em águas brasileiras. No que se diz respeito à fauna parasitária de O. flavescens, as espécies encontradas no presente estudo não são as mesmas previamente citadas para leãomarinho-do-sul da costa pacífica da América do Sul.

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Miquel, Colomé Jordi. "Contribución al conocimiento de la helmintofauna de los carnívoros silvestres de Catalunya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673093.

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Se trata del estudio helmintológico de los carnívoros silvestres de Cataluña. Los objetivos básicos del estudio son de tipo faunístico-sistemático, debido al escaso conocimiento existente a este nivel en el caso de los hospedadores Carnivora en nuestro país. También se tratan, aunque de un modo mucho más conciso, los aspectos zoogeográficos, bioecológicos e higiénico-sanitarios. Se han analizado 519 hospedadores de 11 especies de carnívoros presentes en Cataluña (132 Vulpes vulpes, 1 Lutra lutra, 37 Meles meles, 55 Mustela nivalis, 1 Mustela lutreola, 20 Mustela vison, 7 Mustela putorius, 5 Martes martes, 103 Martes foina, 144 Genetta genetta y 14 Felis silvestris). La necropsia de dichos hospedadores ha proporcionado un incremento notable en la helmintofauna conocida de dichos hospedadores en la Península Ibérica. De las 54 especies de helmintos hallados (3 Trematodos digenidos, 12 Cestodos, 38 Nematodos y 1 Acantocéfalo), 14 han sido primeras citas hispanas. De entre ellas destacan Ancylostoma martinezi como nueva especie para la ciencia y Diplopylidium monoophorum y Aelurostrongylus SP. Aff. Pridhami como primeras citas europeas. Además se han detectado numerosos casos de nuevos hospedadores en España y también a nivel mundial. Por otra parte, se comprueban los principales factores que inciden en las distintas helmintofaunas. Zoogeográficamente se observan ciertas peculiaridades al respecto de algunas especies, pudiéndose establecer varios grupos en función de la distribución mostrada por las distintas especies. Bioecológicamente se han detectado 5 Vermes triheteroxenos, 32 diheteroxenos, 1 heteroxeno facultativo, 1 autoheteroxeno, 9 monoxenos geohelmintos y 6 monoxenos pseudogeohelmintos. En el ámbito higiénico-sanitario se constatan las especies que mayoritariamente inciden en salud humana y en veterinaria.

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Zewail, Reem. "Épidémiologie des maladies parasitaires chez les immigrants au Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5482.

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Introduction Le Québec accueille 50 000 immigrants annuellement dont 30 % viennent d’Afrique et 27 % d’Asie. Dans les dix dernières années, 200 à 600 enfants ont été adoptés annuellement, majoritairement de l’Asie. Plusieurs régions d’origine des immigrants sont endémiques pour des parasites. C’est pourquoi l’immigration influence fortement l’épidémiologie de ces maladies. La giardiase, la filariose, la schistosomiase, la strongyloïdose et la malaria sont les plus prévalentes. Il existe peu de données sur les maladies parasitaires chez les immigrants au Québec. Cette étude vise à décrire l’épidémiologie de cette problématique dans la province. Méthode Une étude descriptive transversale a été privilégiée. Les immigrants ayant consulté au centre des maladies tropicales de l’Université McGill et les enfants de la clinique d’adoption de l’hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont ont été ciblés. Une grille standardisée a été utilisée pour la collecte des données dans la base de données de GeoSentinel et les dossiers médicaux. Des analyses descriptives et inférentielles fournissent un profil des immigrants atteints et des facteurs associés. Résultats Au moins un parasite se trouve chez 32 % (202/638) des immigrants à l’étude. Les parasitoses les plus prévalentes chez ces cas sont la strongyloïdose (28%), la filariose (21%), la schistosomiase (17%), et la malaria (12%). Le tiers des cas sont des demandeurs d’asile et 43 % (86/202) viennent de l’Afrique subsaharienne. Une proportion élevée d’infection, 50 % (27/56), se trouve chez les Haïtiens. Chez 15 % (73/499) des enfants adoptés, on trouve au moins un parasite; la giardiase et la strongyloïdose sont les plus prévalentes. La majorité (292/499) des enfants à l’étude viennent de la Chine et 69 % (22/32) des enfants Haïtiens sont infectés par des parasites. Discussion et conclusion La littérature appuie nos résultats. La population immigrante est en croissance au Québec ce qui est une des richesses de la province. Par contre, c’est une population qui est vulnérable au niveau de la santé. Environ 1/3 des immigrants et 1/6 des enfants adoptés sont atteints par des parasitoses. Plus de la moitié (57 %) des immigrants atteints sont infectés par des parasites qui ont des conséquences importantes. Des interventions ciblant cette population sont recommandées afin de diminuer ce fardeau.

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Madeline, Maryline. "Evaluation du risque sanitaire (parasitaire et virologique) des boues résiduaires urbaines en agriculture et des eaux épurées dans l'environnement." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN4060.

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Le traitement des eaux usées urbaines génère des eaux épurées et des boues potentiellement contaminées par des micro-organismes pathogènes, dont l'élimination est un problème de santé publique. Les eaux épurées sont rejetées dans l'environnement et les boues peuvent être valorisées en agriculture, sous réserve de disposer de méthodes fiables permettant d'évaluer le risque sanitaire. La première partie de l'étude a permis de développer une technique de détection des oeufs d'helminthes dans les boues et d'évaluation de leur viabilité; un intérêt particulier a été porté aux Taeniidés, Dans une seconde partie, une évaluation de la contamination microbiologique des eaux, des sédiments et des coquillages de l'Orne, influencés par le rejet des eaux épurées a pu être réalisée après avoir mis au point certains outils analytiques: les résultats obtenus montrent qu'il n'existe pas d'indicateur consensuel de contamination virale

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Doyen, Virginie. "Agents microbiens environnementaux et Maladies allergiques: L’urbanisation et les défis de « Homo asepticus »." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/330879.

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Les maladies allergiques ont fortement augmenté dans les pays industrialisés depuis les années qui ont suivi la 1ère guerre mondiale. Parmi les hypothèses proposées celle de l’implémentation de l’hygiène dans l’environnement urbain et ses conséquences sur l’exposition aux agents pathogènes a été bien documentée. Comparé à la vie rurale, l’environnement urbain entraine une exposition plus faible aux microbes et à leurs constituants moléculaires tels que les endotoxines et quasi nulle aux parasites intestinaux tels que les helminthes. Au contraire, l’exposition aux allergènes de l’environnement domestique est plus importante.Dans ce travail nous avons investigué certains aspects de la réponse inflammatoire induite par les endotoxines (une molécule pro-inflammatoires des bactéries Gram négatives) et immunitaire associée aux helminthes.1/ L'exposition chronique à l'endotoxine inhalée produit des effets paradoxaux :une protection contre le développement d'allergies IgE-médiées, d'une part, et une réaction inflammatoire des voies aériennes, d'autre part. Comme les régions de la déposition bronchique et alvéolaire pourraient jouer un rôle dans ce processus, nous avons évalué la réponse inflammatoire locale et systémique après exposition à de l'endotoxine par inhalation d'aérosols de particules de dimensions différentes. Les résultats montrent une relation entre la déposition au niveau pulmonaire et l’amplitude de la réponse inflammatoire systémique.2/ Les infections parasitaires ont une relation complexe avec les maladies allergiques. Ces deux pathologies se caractérisent par une réponse immunitaire de type Th2 (impliquant éosinophiles, immunoglobulines E (IgE), interleukine (IL)-4, IL-13,IL-5, …). Cependant, certaines helminthiases protègent des maladies allergiques. Dans cette seconde partie du travail, nous avons étudié la réponse immune induite par une infection chronique par ankylostomes chez l’humain et son évolution après traitement de l’infection. Nous confirmons que la réponse immune au cours de l’infection à ankylostome est caractérisée par une augmentation des cellules T régulatrices (Treg), qui contrôlent l’amplitude de la réponse immune aux helminthes mais montrons pour la première fois que ces Treg ont un phénotype naïf et fortement immuno-suppresseur. Deux semaines après traitement de l’infection on observait également une réponse inflammatoire caractérisée par une majoration de l’IL-6 mais aussi de l’IL-4, cytokine Th2 qui joue un rôle majeur dans la production d’IgE. Ces réponses conjointes (diminution des Treg et réponse inflammatoire de type Th2) pourraient constituer une base physiopathologique pouvant expliquer l’augmentation de la prévalence des sensibilisations allergiques après traitement d’une helminthiase. Nous montrons également que l’infection par helminthes s’accompagne d’une production d’IgE reconnaissant de nombreux allergènes dont les acariens de la poussière de maison, un des allergènes respiratoires les plus fréquents et fortement inducteur d’asthme. Le mécanisme expliquant la production de ces IgE spécifiques des acariens n’est pas connu. Il pourrait s’agir d’une production polyclonale, par présentation facilitée par les IgE ou par réactivité croisée avec des antigènes parasitaires. Ces IgE n’induisaient ni sensibilisation cutanée (tests allergiques cutanés positifs), ni symptomatologie clinique et n’étaient pas capables d’induire de dégranulation des mastocytes in vitro après stimulation allergénique. Par ailleurs, ces IgE spécifiques ne reconnaissaient ni les allergènes majeurs ni des déterminants carbohydrates de type N-glycan.En conclusion, notre travail de thèse met en lumière des mécanismes potentiels par lesquels l’exposition aux agents microbiens environnementaux peut moduler les réponses immunes et protègent potentiellement des maladies allergiques.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Gassó, Garcia Diana. "Effects of helminth co-infections on tuberculosis status in a wildlife reservoir." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400304.

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En aquesta tesi s’ha estudiat des d’aspectes bàsics de parasitologia del porc senglar (Sus scrofa), fins l'estudi més ecològic de les seves poblacions de patògens, les co-infeccions que en deriven i els efectes sobre el seu estatus sanitari. En concret s’ha portat a terme sis investigacions, on les tres primeres van ser orientades a revisar aspectes de la parasitofauna del senglar, que inclou una clau per identificar les 5 espècies de nematodes pulmonars més comuns (Capítol 1), les prevalences de l'acantocèfal Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus confirmant la seva subestimació (Capítol 2) i els usos i limitacions del recompte d'ous en femtes de senglar per avaluar la càrrega parasitària dels mateixos (Capítol 3). D’altra banda s’ha avaluat els nivells d'estrès oxidatiu en una població de porcs senglars infectats tant de forma natural com de forma experimental per M. bovis (Capítol 4) i s’ha abordat l'efecte de la co-infecció, entre els helmints i la tuberculosi, en termes de salut en una població de senglars naturalment infectada per M. bovis (Capítol 5). Finalment s’ha estudiat l'efecte de la desparasitació sobre l'estructura de la comunitat d’helmints i la tuberculosi (Capítol 6).
En esta tesis se ha estudiado desde aspectos básicos de parasitología del jabalí (Sus scrofa), hasta aspectos más ecológicos de sus poblaciones de patógenos, las co-infeciones que padecen y los efectos sobre su estatus sanitario. En concreto, se han llevado a cabo seis investigaciones, siendo las tres primeras orientadas a revisar aspectos de la parasitofauna del jabalí. En concreto, se ha desarrollado una clave para identificar las 5 especies de nematodos pulmonares más comunes (Capítulo 1), se han estudiado las prevalencias del acantocéfalo Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus confirmando su subestimación (Capítulo 2) y se ha revisado los usos y limitaciones del conteo de huevos en heces de jabalí para evaluar la carga parasitaria de los mismos (Capítulo 3). Por otro lado, se han evaluado los niveles de estrés oxidativo tanto en una población de jabalíes infectados de forma natural como experimentalmente por M. bovis (Capítulo 4) y se ha abordado el efecto sobre la salud de la co-infección, entre los helmintos y la tuberculosis, en una población de jabalíes naturalmente infectada por MTC (Capítulo 5). Finalmente, se ha estudiado el efecto de la desparasitación sobre la estructura de la comunidad de helmintos y la tuberculosis (Capítulo 6).
This thesis uses basic parasitology studies of wild boar (Sus scrofa) to focus on a more ecological view of their pathogen populations, co-infections that arise and the effects on their health status. Specifically, six investigations were conducted being the first three aimed at reviewing aspects of the wild boar parasitofauna In particular, keys to identify the five most common species of lung nematodes (Chapter 1), the real prevalence of the Acanthocephala Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus denouncing the underestimation of this species (Chapter 2) and a review of the uses and limitations of faecal egg count for assessing worm burden in wild boars (Chapter 3) are presented. Furthermore, the levels of oxidative stress in a population of feral pigs infected naturally and experimentally by M. bovis (Chapter 4) and the effect of co-infection between helminths and tuberculosis in terms of physiological cost of health in a wild boar population naturally infected by MTC (Chapter 5) were addressed. Finally, the effect of an antiparasite drug treatment on the helminth community structure and on the outcome of disease infection in a wild boar population naturally infected by M. bovis (Chapter 6) was studied.

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Cala, Aida Cristina [UNESP]. "Avaliação da atividade de Aretmisia annua L., Melia azedarach L. e Trichilia claussenii C. sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95940.

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Em virtude da importância que os pequenos ruminantes desempenham no setor agropecuário e da necessidade de se encontrar alternativas de baixo custo para o controle das helmintoses, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade anti-helmíntica dos extratos de Artemisia annua, Melia azedarach e Trichilia claussenii. Os extratos, aquoso, bicarbonato de sódio, diclorometano, etanólico de A. annua, hexânico de M. azedarach e o metanólico de T. claussenii, foram avaliados em testes in vitro de eclodibilidade larvar (TEL) e de desenvolvimento larvar (TDL) sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos. O extrato de bicarbonato de sódio de A. annua e artemisinina (bioativo purificado) foram avaliados in vivo em ovinos Santa Inês infectados por nematódeos gastrintestinais com base na avaliação do hematócrito, na contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coprocultura. Os princípios ativos dos extratos foram quantificados com base na cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência - índice de refração (CLAE-IR), ultravioleta (CLAE- UV) e líquido-líquido (CLAE- LL). A capacidade antioxidante do extrato de bicarbonato de sódio foi determinada pelo método ORAC (capacidade de absorção do radical oxigênio) e a artemisinina eliminada foi quantificada pela CLAE-UV. Analisados pelos testes probit e de Tukey. O extrato de bicarbonato de sódio de A. annua foi o mais eficiente in vitro com CL50(concentração letal) de 0, 0677 μg/mL e CL99 de 1,27 μg/mL no TEL e no TDL a CL50 foi de 1,67 μg/mL e a CL99 de 23,8 μg/mL. No teste in vivo, a redução máxima do OPG foi de 31,97% no 14º dia nos animais tratados com o extrato de bicarbonato de sódio de A. annua (2 g/kg pv) e de 41,37% no 15º nos animais que receberam artemisinina (100 mg/kg pv). Na coprocultura obteve-se 91,2% de H. contortus, 8,4% de Tricostrongylus sp. e 0,3% de Oesophagostomum sp. Os...
Given the importance that small ruminant plays in the livestock and the need to find alternatives of low-costs for the control of helminthes, the objectives of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activities of extracts from Artemisia annua, Melia azedarach and Trichilia claussenii. The extracts, aqueous, sodium bicarbonate, dichloromethane, ethanol of A. annua, hexane of M. azedarach and methanol of T. claussenii, were evaluated in vitro tests of larval hatchability (TEL) and larval development (TDL) on gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. The extract of sodium bicarbonate A. annua and artemisinin (bioactive purified) were evaluated in vivo in Santa Ines sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes based on the assessment of hematocrit, egg count per gram of feces (OPG) and stool culture. The active ingredients of the extracts were quantified based on liquid chromatography with high efficiency - an index of refraction (HPLC-IR), ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and liquid-liquid (HPLC-LL). The antioxidant activity of sodium bicarbonate extract was determined by ORAC method (absorption capacity of the radical oxygen) and artemisinin in the feces was quantified by HPLC-UV. The results were analyzed by SAS probit and Tukey test. The extract of sodium bicarbonate A. annua, in vitro, was the most effective with LC50 of 0,0677 μg/mL and 1,27 μg/mL of CL99 in TEL, and in the TDL LC50 was 1,67μg/mL and CL99 of 23,8μg/mL. In vivo test, the maximum reduction in EPG was 31,97% on day 14 in animals treated with the extract of sodium bicarbonate A. annua (2g/ kg body weight) and 41.37% on day 15 in animals received artemisinin (100 mg/kg bw). In stool culture was obtained 91, 2% of H. contortus, 8, 4% Tricostrongylus sp. and 0, 3% of Oesophagostomum sp. The results show the need for more studies with higher doses of extracts, other alternatives of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Cala, Aida Cristina. "Avaliação da atividade de Aretmisia annua L., Melia azedarach L. e Trichilia claussenii C. sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95940.

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Resumo: Em virtude da importância que os pequenos ruminantes desempenham no setor agropecuário e da necessidade de se encontrar alternativas de baixo custo para o controle das helmintoses, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade anti-helmíntica dos extratos de Artemisia annua, Melia azedarach e Trichilia claussenii. Os extratos, aquoso, bicarbonato de sódio, diclorometano, etanólico de A. annua, hexânico de M. azedarach e o metanólico de T. claussenii, foram avaliados em testes in vitro de eclodibilidade larvar (TEL) e de desenvolvimento larvar (TDL) sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos. O extrato de bicarbonato de sódio de A. annua e artemisinina (bioativo purificado) foram avaliados in vivo em ovinos Santa Inês infectados por nematódeos gastrintestinais com base na avaliação do hematócrito, na contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coprocultura. Os princípios ativos dos extratos foram quantificados com base na cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência - índice de refração (CLAE-IR), ultravioleta (CLAE- UV) e líquido-líquido (CLAE- LL). A capacidade antioxidante do extrato de bicarbonato de sódio foi determinada pelo método ORAC (capacidade de absorção do radical oxigênio) e a artemisinina eliminada foi quantificada pela CLAE-UV. Analisados pelos testes probit e de Tukey. O extrato de bicarbonato de sódio de A. annua foi o mais eficiente in vitro com CL50(concentração letal) de 0, 0677 μg/mL e CL99 de 1,27 μg/mL no TEL e no TDL a CL50 foi de 1,67 μg/mL e a CL99 de 23,8 μg/mL. No teste in vivo, a redução máxima do OPG foi de 31,97% no 14º dia nos animais tratados com o extrato de bicarbonato de sódio de A. annua (2 g/kg pv) e de 41,37% no 15º nos animais que receberam artemisinina (100 mg/kg pv). Na coprocultura obteve-se 91,2% de H. contortus, 8,4% de Tricostrongylus sp. e 0,3% de Oesophagostomum sp. Os... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Given the importance that small ruminant plays in the livestock and the need to find alternatives of low-costs for the control of helminthes, the objectives of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activities of extracts from Artemisia annua, Melia azedarach and Trichilia claussenii. The extracts, aqueous, sodium bicarbonate, dichloromethane, ethanol of A. annua, hexane of M. azedarach and methanol of T. claussenii, were evaluated in vitro tests of larval hatchability (TEL) and larval development (TDL) on gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. The extract of sodium bicarbonate A. annua and artemisinin (bioactive purified) were evaluated in vivo in Santa Ines sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes based on the assessment of hematocrit, egg count per gram of feces (OPG) and stool culture. The active ingredients of the extracts were quantified based on liquid chromatography with high efficiency - an index of refraction (HPLC-IR), ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and liquid-liquid (HPLC-LL). The antioxidant activity of sodium bicarbonate extract was determined by ORAC method (absorption capacity of the radical oxygen) and artemisinin in the feces was quantified by HPLC-UV. The results were analyzed by SAS probit and Tukey test. The extract of sodium bicarbonate A. annua, in vitro, was the most effective with LC50 of 0,0677 μg/mL and 1,27 μg/mL of CL99 in TEL, and in the TDL LC50 was 1,67μg/mL and CL99 of 23,8μg/mL. In vivo test, the maximum reduction in EPG was 31,97% on day 14 in animals treated with the extract of sodium bicarbonate A. annua (2g/ kg body weight) and 41.37% on day 15 in animals received artemisinin (100 mg/kg bw). In stool culture was obtained 91, 2% of H. contortus, 8, 4% Tricostrongylus sp. and 0, 3% of Oesophagostomum sp. The results show the need for more studies with higher doses of extracts, other alternatives of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Gilson Pereira de Oliveira
Coorientadora: Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas
Banca: Alvimar José da Costa
Banca: Mario Roberto Hatayde
Banca: Carlos Noriyuki Kaneto
Mestre

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30

Torres, Martínez Jordi. "Sobre las helmintofaunas de las especies de insectívoros y roedores del delta del Ebro (NE de la Península Ibérica)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673163.

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No cabe duda que ha sido sobretodo la peculiaridad de los biotopos deltaicos lo que ha propiciado el interés por el estudio de los helmintos parásitos de ciertos hospedadores del Delta del Ebro. Cabe advertir, por tanto, que la mayoría de los resultados que el presente estudio ha proporcionado parecerán lógicos tan sólo al considerar el entorno deltaico como un ecosistema especial en el marco de la Península Ibérica, en particular, y Región Paleártica, en general. La problemática ecológica que encierran los ecosistemas con condicionantes ecológicos especiales ha empezado a ser estudiada en Europa en los últimos años. Evidentemente, dados los fines muy concretos de la Memoria y la localización puntual del Delta del Ebro en Europa, sólo abordaremos aquellos aspectos de los ecosistemas especiales que puedan ayudarnos con posterioridad a comprender nuestros resultados o que definan todas aquellas particularidades que los referidos ecosistemas presentan.

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31

Magnanou, Elodie. "Micromammifères, helminthes et insularité : évolution des traits d'histoire de vie du rat noir (Muridae) et de deux musaraignes (Crocidurinae) sur les îles ouest-méditerranéennes." Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0015.

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Les faunes insulaires se caractérisent par un ensemble d'adaptations écologiques et évolutives propres à la vie en milieu isolé. Les micromammifères Rongeurs et Insectivores des îles ouest-méditerranéennes illustrent bon nombre des particularismes liées à ce syndrome d'insularité : élargissement de niche écologique, gigantisme, inflation des densités, diminution de fécondité. . . L'helminthofaune des mammifères-hôtes manifeste également de nombreux changements : réduction de la diversité spécifique, augmentation des prévalences et intensités parasitaires, élargissement du spectre d'hôte. La majorité des travaux qui tentent de comprendre les pressions de sélection à l'origine des adaptations observées sur les îles négligent l'influence des parasites. Le présent travail s'inscrit dans une approche globale où les parasites sont considérés comme des acteurs incontournables de l'évolution des traits d'histoire de vie des espèces libres. Les modèles considérés sont les deux musaraignes Crocidura russula et C. Suaveolens et le rat noir Rattus rattus. 1) Notre étude phylogéographique (séquençage d'une portion du cytochrome b) a révélé l'identité des populations continentales à l'origine de la colonisation des îles par les deux musaraignes. Ce travail préalable permet d'effectuer les comparaisons appropriées entre populations insulaires et continentales-source. 2) Notre bilan de l'helminthofaune des mammifères étudiés permet d'envisager les conséquences sur les traits de vie des hôtes. La grande douve du foie Fasciola hepatica élargit son spectre d'hôte au rat noir en Corse. Ce transfert latéral à pour origine l'élargissement des préférences écologiques du Muridae. Les prévalences sont très élevées toute l'année pour de nombreuses localités. Les conséquences de la fasciolose sur le rat noir sont exacerbées : forte augmentation des besoins énergétiques et réduction marquée de la fécondité. Ces constatations illustrent la confrontation récente des deux espèces. La résistance du Muridae est certainement faible et la virulence du Digène élevée. 3) La physiologie est un facteur central des adaptations développées sur les îles. En Corse et à Porquerolles, la dépense énergétique de la musaraigne des jardins s'ajuste indépendamment des changements morphologiques (gigantisme) : C. Suaveolens consomme moins que ne le prédit son poids. Les mécanismes mis en jeu dans ces ajustements seront à déterminer. 4) La diminution de fécondité est une caractéristique commune aux musaraignes des îles méditerranéennes. Dans la perspective d'un compromis entre reproduction et survie, la théorie des traits d'histoire de vie prédit un allongement de la durée de vie en milieu insulaire. Sur les îles, la modification de la mortalité intrinsèque et extrinsèque (parasitisme, prédation,. . . ) pourrait induire une modification des taux de sénescence. Nos travaux soulignent que la mélatonine est une hormone tout à fait indiquée pour quantifier un éventuel vieillissement différentiel. Une multitude d'interactions entre composantes biotiques et abiotiques régit l'évolution en milieu insulaire. Les parasites s'avèrent être fondamentaux dans le façonnement des traits de vie des mammifères des îles. Il est maintenant évident que la prise en compte des interactions hôte-parasite est indispensable dans l'étude de l'adaptation des populations insulaires à leur environnement
Some remarkable adaptations are observed within island faunas when compared to their mainland relatives. These shifts are often called insular syndrome. Micromammals (rodents and insectivores) illustrate this cascade of ecological and evolutionary changes on western Mediterranean islands: ecological niche expansion, gigantism, decrease in litter size. . . The syndrome also concerns parasite species and communities: decrease in parasite species richness, increase in parasitic prevalences and intensities, and a widening of parasite niches on islands. Studies analysing selective forces that drive island evolution too often forget parasitism. This work concerns a global approach of processes that influence mammal life-history traits, where helminths are supposed to play a major role. Two species of shrews (Crocidura russula and C. Suaveolens) and the black rat Rattus rattus are used as research models. 1) Using phylogeography (shrews cytochrome b sequences), we identified the mainland-source populations which colonized western Mediterranean islands. This prerequisite permits to compare island and mainland populations without any bias relating to continental evolution. 2) We make the inventory of mammalian helminthofauna in order to quantify the impact of modified parasite communities on insular, free-living species. The liver fluke host spectra include the black rat only on Corsica, as a consequence of the rodent niche widening. Prevalences are very high from both a spatial and temporal point of view. Fascioliasis induces an extremely high increase in the rat's energy requirements and also affects litter size. These remarkable consequences on host life history may be explained by the recent confrontation of the two species. The host resistance is perhaps still low and the digenean virulence still high. 3) We investigated C. Suaveolens physiological adaptations on Porquerolles and Corsica. Even if island populations show gigantism compared to those found on the mainland, they have the same energy requirements. Thus, this evolution of metabolism is partially independent of body mass. Further studies will elucidate physiological mechanism implied in these adjustments. 4) All insular populations of shrews exhibit a decrease in litter size when compared to mainland fecundity. The life-history theory predicts a compromise between survival and reproduction. Thus, survival should increase on islands. Moreover extrinsic and intrinsic mortality release should also modify mammalian senescence processes on islands. Our study highlights that melatonin is a useful tool to quantify aging and to test this hypothesis. Adaptations to island conditions are the result of a great number of biotic and abiotic interactions. This work stresses that parasites play a major role in influencing mammal life-history traits. Thus they must de considered as a crucial selective force that drives evolution

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32

Dommelier-Espejo, Sophie. "Contribution à l'étude paléoparasitologique des sites néolithiques en environnement lacustre dans les domaines jurassien et péri-alpin." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMS006.

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Les trois sites lacustres néolithiques étudiés sont Chalain, Clairvaux (Jura, France) et Arbon (lac de Constance, Suisse). Le materiel se compose de coprolithes et de sédiments provenant de couches archéologiques couvrant la période de 3700 a 2500 ans av. J. C. Un comparatif de l'helminthofaune est établi entre les sites de Chalain, de Clairvaux et d'Arbon. L'analyse d'une colonne stratigraphique épaisse de 1,80 metre démontre que les élements parasitaires observés sont en place dans les niveaux archéologiques. La présence du genre fasciola dans les niveaux de craie lacustre pose la question de la fréquentation des rives par des troupeaux domestiques ou sauvages lors des phases d'abandon du site. L'identification des parasites se base sur la reconnaissance de la forme de résistance du parasite : l'UF, caracterisé par sa morphologie et sa morphométrie. Une étude morphométrique montre que les phénomènes taphonomiques entrainent des variations négligeables de leur taille. Le néolithique est une période de bouleversements, entre autre des relations homme-animal, favorisant les anthropozoonoses. Il est mis en évidence une relation entre la diversité parasitaire et la densité de population installée sur les rives des lacs de Chalain et Clairvaux. Les parasites rencontrés démontrent les difficultés de la vie quotidienne de nos ancêtres, nous renseignent sur les habitudes alimentaires et sur les pathologies parasitaires. Cette première étude tend à démontrer que certains parasites anecdotiques de nos jours étaient plus largement répandus à l'époque néolithique (capillaria sp. ). Trois formes parasitaires sont déterminées pour la première fois sur des sites néolithiques : capillaria, dioctophymides et opisthorchiides/hétérophyides. En revanche, l'ascaris surprend par sa quasi-absence. Parmi les questions se pose la variabilité des cycles biologiques, leur évolution au cours du temps et le problême de la transmission latérale d'un hôte à un autre en fonction de la paléofaune inventoriée.

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Thaler, Jacques-Olivier. "Bases biologiques et biochimiques des barrières microbiennes impliquées dans la monoxénie et la spécificité des symbioses bactério-helminthiques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20055.

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Le travail de these porte sur les relations ecologiques entre l'helminthe entomophage, steinernema carpocapsae, et sa bacterie associee, xenorhabdus nematophilus. Cette etude est un prealable indispensable a une utilisation raisonnee des nematodes entomopathogenes comme biopesticides. Les resultats obtenus posent les bases biologiques et biochimiques qui permettent d'expliquer d'une part, les phenomenes de competition inter-organismes multiples qui se produisent dans l'insecte parasite et, d'autre part, le maintien de l'association entre le nematode et son symbionte. Trois antibiotiques ont ete mis en evidence. Le premier a ete identifie comme correspondant aux xenocoumacines. Le second est probablement un peptide apparente au groupe des microcines. Le troisieme est une bacteriocine de type queue de phage dont la purification et la caracterisation ont permis de l'identifier comme un nouveau compose: la xenorhabdicine. Cette these a permis d'apporter les bases necessaires a l'identification des genes de synthese des bacteriocines et de mieux comprendre leur role ecologique

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Yamada, Paulo Henrique. "Desempenho, parâmetros hematológicos e grau de helmintose em bezerros filhos de vacas previamente classificados por diferentes níveis de infecção parasitária /." Ilha Solteira, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139505.

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Orientador: Ricardo Velludo Gomes de Soutello
Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o grau de verminose, ganho de peso e parâmetros hematológicos de 45 bezerros, da raça Nelore, fêmeas e machos contemporâneos, oriundos de matrizes do mesmo rebanho previamente classificadas por diferentes níveis de infecção parasitária, sendo avaliados dos 3 aos 15 meses de idade. Os animais foram divididos em grupos conforme a classificação de suas mães, sendo filhos de resistentes (G1), resilientes (G2) e susceptíveis (G3). Realizaram-se coletas de fezes a cada 28 dias para a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), coprocultura e identificação das larvas. As pesagens dos animais foram realizadas a cada 28 dias, a partir do desmame e as coletas de sangue foram realizadas no início e no término do experimento para determinar o volume globular, proteína plasmática total e contagem de eosinófilos do sangue. O resultado obtido para a contagem de OPG aos três meses de idade demonstrou que não houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre G1, G2 e G3, tanto dos machos como das fêmeas. No período de três a oito meses de idade, o OPG dos bezerros machos também não apresentou diferença entre os grupos, já as bezerras filhas de vacas previamente classificadas como susceptíveis (G3) apresentaram um OPG superior em relação às filhas das resistentes e resilientes (G1 e G2). Na média geral (machos e fêmeas) das contagens de ovos também observaram-sevalores superiores nos grupos dos animais filhos de vacas susceptíveis. Após o desmame, o OPG mé... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of worms, weight gain and haematological parameters of 45 young cows, Nelore females and contemporary males, from breeders from the same herd previously classified by different levels of parasitic infection, and evaluated since 3 until 15 months of age. The animals were divided into groups according to the classification of their mothers, and puppies of resistant (G1), resilient ( G2 ) and susceptible (G3). Fecal samples was made every 28 days for counting eggs per gram of feces (EPG), coproculture and identification of larval forms. The weights of animals were taken every 28 days from weaning, and blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, to determine the , total plasma protein, blood corpuscule,blood count of eosinophils. The results obtained for the EPG by three months of age, showed no significant differences (P <0.05) between groups 1, 2 and 3, both males and females. During three to eight months of age, the OPG of male young cows, also showed no difference between the groups since the young cows daughters of previously classified as susceptible (G3) had a higher OPG regarding the daughters of resistant and resilient (G1 and G2). On the average (males and females) of egg counts were also observed higher values in the groups of young from animals susceptible cows. After weaning, the overall average OPG and OPG average of females continued to show (P<0,05) in G1 and G2 with respect to ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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35

Tavares, Guilherme de Pina. "Estudo sobre helmintoses intestinais no cão e no gato na cidade de Santarém (Portugal)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20559.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
A relação Homem-Animal tem vindo a sofrer alterações ao longo dos anos, caminhando para um aumento no grau de proximidade entre ambos. Apesar de esta ligação trazer benefícios para ambas as partes, a possibilidade de transmissão de doenças zoonóticas, como várias helmintoses intestinais do cão e do gato, é algo que não deve ser ignorado. A prevenção e controlo destes parasitas reveste-se assim de especial importância, sendo essencial a implementação de protocolos de desparasitação interna adequados a cada animal, bem como a educação e sensibilização dos tutores dos animais, no que diz respeito à importância do ato da desparasitação e do cumprimento dos protocolos recomendados pelo Médico Veterinário, bem como dos riscos inerentes a infeções por helmintes intestinais. O objetivo deste trabalho prendeu-se então com a caracterização dos hábitos de desparasitação interna, por parte de donos de cães e gatos residentes na cidade de Santarém (Portugal), comparando-os com as diretrizes europeias fornecidas pelo Conselho Europeu para o Controlo das Parasitoses em Animais de Companhia (ESCCAP), e na avaliação dos seus conhecimentos gerais sobre helmintoses intestinais nos animais de companhia, através da realização de um inquérito. Este inquérito foi realizado a 117 detentores de animais de companhia, em jardins públicos da cidade de Santarém (Portugal). Apesar de 85% (99/117) dos inquiridos reportar o uso de anti-helmínticos nos seus animais, apenas 33% (39/117) efetuavam um protocolo de desparasitação em conformidade com as diretrizes da ESCCAP. Adicionalmente, foi possível observar que, dos 78 animais cuja desparasitação interna não era realizada de acordo com as diretrizes europeias, 65% (51/78) mantinham contacto regular com indivíduos imunodeprimidos, como crianças ou idosos. Entre os inquiridos, 52% (51/117) desconhecia as vias de transmissão pelas quais os cães e gatos podiam ser infetados por parasitas intestinais, enquanto 61% (71/117) não estavam cientes da capacidade de alguns dos helmintes intestinais dos animais de companhia, de parasitarem humanos.
ABSTRACT - Study on dog and cat Intestinal Helminthosis, in the City of Santarém (Portugal) - The Human-Animal bond has been changing over the years, with increasing proximity level both. Despite the benefits arising from this bonding, the possibility of transmission of zoonotic diseases, such as several helminthosis of the dog and cat, is to be taken seriously. The prevention and control of these parasites is, therefore, of particular importance, with the implementation of adequate deworming protocols, as well as the education and increasing the awareness of animal owners in regards to the importance of deworming procedure as well as the inherent risks of intestinal helminth infections. The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the deworming habits of dog and cat owners in the city of Santarém (Portugal), comparing them with the european guidelines supplied by the European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites (ESCCAP) and also evaluating their level of knowledge about the intestinal helminthoses of companion animals. This survey was answered by 117 companion animal owners, in public gardens on the city of Santarém (Portugal). Despite 85% (99/117) of the respondents reporting the usage of anthelmintic drugs on their pets, only 33% (39/117) actually followed a deworming protocol in conformity with the ESCCAP guidelines. Additionally, it was possible to observe that, out of the 78 animals whose deworming protocol was not in compliance with the European guidelines, 65% (51/78) contacted regularly with immunodepressed individuals, such as small children or the elderly. Amongst the respondents, 52% (51/117) had no knowledge of possible routes of transmission of dog and cat intestinal parasites, while 61% (71/117) were not aware that some intestinal helminths of companion animals had the ability to infect humans.
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Sire, Christel. "Ecologie moléculaire des populations de Schistosama mansori parasite du rongeur Rattus rattus et du mollusque Biompharalaria glabrata en Guadeloupe : échelles spatiales et fonctionnelles." Perpignan, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PERP0384.

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Le fonctionnement dynamique et génétique d'un sysème parasite/hôtes/environnement est étudié en relation avec les différentes échelles spatiales (régionale vs locales) et fonctionnelles (populations de parasites adultes chez les hôtes défénitifs vs populations de parasites larvaires chez les hôtes intermédiaires)
In this study, we investigated the genetic and dynamc organisation of a parasite/hosts/environment system, at two different spatial scales (regional vs local), and at two different functional scales (adult parasite populations within intermediate hosts)

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Antunes, Ana Filipa Negrão. "Pesquisa de helmintes gastrointestinais em quatro espécies de aves de rapina na zona centro de Portugal : Buteo buteo, Falco tinnunculus, Tyto alba e Athene noctua." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10994.

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issertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Os helmintes gastrointestinais são parasitas comuns em aves de rapina. Estudos sobre estes parasitas em aves de rapina não são abundantes a nível nacional, mas existe cada vez mais um maior interesse. O objetivo foi aprofundar estes conhecimentos no que diz respeito às principais aves de rapina existentes em Portugal: águia-d’asa-redonda (Buteo buteo), peneireiro-vulgar (Falco tinnunculus), coruja-das-torres (Tyto alba) e mocho-galego (Athene noctua). Foram colhidas amostras de 87 aves admitidas no Centro de Ecologia, Recuperação e Vigilância de Animais Selvagens (CERVAS). Os parasitas foram colhidos diretamente dos tratos gastrointestinais e foram realizadas técnicas de flutuação e sedimentação com as amostras fecais. Com uma prevalência global de 52,9% (46 positivos/87 amostras), o Buteo buteo foi a ave mais parasitada (96,2%; 25/26), seguida pelo Falco tinnunculus (50%; 5/10), Athene noctua (42,9%; 9/21) e Tyto alba (23,3%; 7/30). Foram observados quinze helmintes diferentes, com um total de oito espécies identificadas. Os nemátodes foram o grupo mais observado (44,8%), seguidos pelos acantocéfalos (21,8%), tremátodes (16,1%) e céstodes (2,3%). Várias espécies foram identificadas pela primeira vez em Portugal: Eucoleus dispar, Synhimantus (Synhimantus) affinis, Cyrnea (Procyrnea) leptoptera, Cyrnea (P.) mansioni, Cyrnea (P.) seurati, Centrorhynchus buteonis e Centrorhynchus globocaudatus. A relação parasitahospedeiro entre a espécie Cyrnea (P.) seurati e o hospedeiro Falco tinnunculus é potencialmente o primeiro registo europeu e a relação entre o género/subgénero Cyrnea (P.) e o hospedeiro Athene noctua é também o primeiro registo na Europa. Várias outras relações entre parasitas e hospedeiros foram também aqui assinaladas pela primeira vez em Portugal: Synhimantus (S.) laticeps em Buteo buteo e Tyto alba; Synhimantus (Dispharynx) sp. em Falco tinnunculus; e os géneros Porrocaecum e Centrorhynchus em Athene noctua. Estes resultados mostram a existência de uma elevada diversidade parasitária, contribuindo assim para a caracterização da helmintofauna gastrointestinal das aves de rapinas portuguesas mais comuns, incentivando a realização de mais trabalhos assim como a continuação da vigilância destes parasitas na sua componente sanitária e de marcadores da Saúde dos Ecossistemas.
ABSTRACT - Gastrointestinal helminths are common parasites in birds of prey. Studies of these parasites in birds of prey are not abundant at a national level, but there is an increasingly greater interest. The goal was to deepen this knowledge with regard to the main birds of prey occurring in Portugal: common buzzard (Buteo buteo), common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), barn owl (Tyto alba) and little owl (Athene noctua). Samples were collected from 87 birds admitted at the Centre for Ecology, Vigilance and Rehabilitation of Wildlife (CERVAS). Parasites were collected directly from the gastrointestinal tract and flotation and sedimentation techniques were performed with the fecal samples. With an overall prevalence of 52,9% (46/87), Buteo buteo was the most parasitized bird (96,2%; 25/26), followed by Falco tinnunculus (50%; 5/10), Athene noctua (42,9%; 9/21), and Tyto alba (23,3%; 7/30). Fifteen different helminths were observed, with a total of eight species identified. Nematodes were the most observed group (44,8%), followed by acanthocephalans (21,8%), trematodes (16,1%) and cestodes (2,3%). Several species were identified for the first time in Portugal: Eucoleus dispar, Synhimantus (Synhimantus) affinis, Cyrnea (Procyrnea) leptoptera, Cyrnea (P.) mansioni, Cyrnea (P.) seurati, Centrorhynchus buteonis and Centrorhynchus globocaudatus. Host-parasite relationship between the species Cyrnea (P.) seurati and host Falco tinnunculus is potentially the first european record and the host-parasite relationship between genus/subgenus Cyrnea (P.) and the host Athene noctua is also the first record in Europe. Several other relationships between parasites and hosts were also recorded for the first time in Portugal: Synhimantus (S.) laticeps in Buteo buteo and Tyto alba; Synhimantus (Dispharynx) spp. in Falco tinnunculus; and genus Porrocaecum and Centrorhynchus in Athene noctua. These results show the existence of a high parasitic diversity, thus contributing to the characterization of the gastrointestinal helminth fauna of the most common portuguese birds of prey, encouraging more studies as well as continued monitoring of these parasites in their health component and as ecosystem health markers.

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Diagne, Christophe. "Communautés de parasites, immunité et succès d'invasion des rongeurs commensaux : le cas de la souris domestique du rat noir au Sénégal." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS057/document.

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Les invasions biologiques sont de plus en plus fréquentes, avec des conséquences importantes sur la biodiversité et la santé humaine. Étudier les mécanismes qui les expliquent permet simultanément (i) d’envisager des stratégies efficaces de contrôle et de prévention et (ii) d’étudier divers processus écologiques et évolutifs sur des échelles de temps contemporaines. Plusieurs hypothèses basées sur le parasitisme et l’immunité des hôtes sont proposées pour expliquer le succès des espèces envahissantes. Ainsi, au cours de l’invasion, les hôtes exotiques (1) perdraient leurs parasites naturels (Enemy Release, ER), (2) transfèreraient leurs parasites exotiques aux hôtes natifs (Spill-Over, SO) et/ou (3) amplifieraient les cycles des parasites natifs au sein des hôtes locaux (Spill-Back, SB). En relation avec ces changements dans les interactions hôtes-parasites, l’hypothèse EICA (Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability) prédit une modulation des ressources de l’hôte envahissant via un investissement moins important dans les réponses immunitaires coûteuses (inflammation) au profit de réponses immunitaires beaucoup moins coûteuses (réponses médiées par les anticorps) et de capacités de reproduction et de dispersion des populations sur le front d’invasion. Le but de ma thèse est de tester ces prédictions dans le cadre de deux invasions actuellement en cours au Sénégal : celles du rat noir Rattus rattus et de la souris domestique Mus musculus domesticus, deux espèces envahissantes majeures tant par leurs impacts (économique, sanitaire, écologique) que par leur distribution quasiment mondiale. Mes travaux se basent sur un dispositif d’échantillonnage en populations naturelles et sur le développement d’approches comparatives le long d’un gradient d’invasion pour chacune des deux espèces exotiques. Les patrons de structure (prévalence, abondance, richesse) de deux communautés de parasites (helminthes gastro-intestinaux, bactéries pathogènes) et les profils immunitaires (réponses médiées par les anticorps naturels, inflammation) des rongeurs commensaux exotiques (M. m. domesticus, R. rattus) et/ou natifs (Mastomys spp.) ont été comparés pour des localités situées dans des régions anciennement envahies (depuis plus de 100 ans), récemment envahies (depuis moins de 30 an : front d’invasion), et non envahies. Mes résultats montrent des variations dans la structure des communautés de parasites et les réponses immunitaires des hôtes natifs et exotiques. Les tendances observées, aussi bien pour les communautés de parasites que pour les composantes immunitaires étudiées le long des deux routes d’invasion, attestent de patrons globalement plus complexes qu’attendu sous les hypothèses de départ, suggérant l’existence de relations complexes entre caractéristiques des communautés d’hôtes et de parasites, investissement immunitaire, conditions environnementales et invasions biologiques. Des approches expérimentales doivent être envisagées afin de déterminer les conséquences et les mécanismes sous-jacents aux différents phénomènes observés
Biological invasions are increasingly phenomenon worldwide having deleterious impacts on biodiversity and human health. Studying the mechanisms explaining them allows both (i) to define efficient strategies for controlling and preventing invaders and (ii) to study ecological and evolutionary processes at contemporary scales. Some major hypotheses rely on parasitism and host immunity to explain invasion success. Thus, exotic host populations (1) may benefit of an " Enemy Release " (ER) through impoverishment of their original parasite communities, and may affect native hosts by (2) transferring exotic parasites (Spill-Over, SO) and/or (3) by increasing transmission risk of native parasites (Spill-Back, SB). In turn, according to the refined “Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability” (EICA) theory, invasive populations should experience immune trade-offs by favouring less expensive antibody-mediated responses over costly inflammation, to increase their competitive ability (dispersion, reproduction). The aim of my thesis is to test these predictions along the invasion routes of two commensal exotic species in Senegal, the domestic mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) and the black rat (Rattus rattus). These rodent species are considered to be major invasive species worldwide inducing high economic, sanitary and ecological damages. My research is based on comparative analyses along one invasion route for each invasive species. We focused on gastrointestinal helminths and pathogenic bacteria as parasite communities, and inflammation and natural antibody-mediated responses as immune estimates. Comparisons were performed for invasive and/or native (Mastomys spp.) rodents between localities of long-established invasion (100-200 years ago), recent invasion (10-30 years ago; invasion front), and non-invaded localities. My findings showed variations along both invasion routes in parasite community structure and immune patterns, but in a more complex way than expected under the initial predictions. The heterogeneity of changes observed highlights the existence of particular relations between host and parasite traits, host immune investment, environmental conditions and biological invasions. Further experimental works are needed to assess the consequences and mechanisms underlying the changes observed along both invasion routes

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Faufingue, Jean-Hugues. "Toxocarose humaine et Ig G4 spécifiques." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P067.

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MORENO, Aline Braga. "Biodiversidade de helmintos de Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 (Scombridae) da costa do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2293.

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CAPES
FAPERJ
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Previous studies on the helminth fauna of scombrid fish from the Brazilian coast included reports on Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 and Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789. Nowadays its considered that only S. colias occurs in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, forming different populations. To assess and revise the parasite biodiversity of S. colias off the coast of Rio de Janeiro State, 69 fish from Public Markets of S?o Pedro da Aldeia and Serop?dica were collected and analyzed, from March 2013 to November 2014. Fish were examined and all organs were individualized in Petri dishes containing saline solution 0.7% to be analyzed under the stereo microscope. The parasites were fixed in 70% etanol, AFA or 4% formalin. The Nematoda were cleared and examined in temporary mounts with glycerin and Monogenea, Trematoda and Cestoda were stained with Semichon's acid carmine or Gomori's trichrome and examined as permanent mounts in Canada balsam. The taxonomic identification was made by measuring with the ocular micrometer, by illustrations using a camera clara, and by studies on scanning electron microscopy and molecular techniques. The prevalence, intensity amplitude, mean abundance and standard deviation were calculated per each parasite species. Parasite community study was made at the infracomunity level using the data of 50 fish collected in a single sample from S?o Pedro da Aldeia, which represents a component community. The mean richness, mean total abundance and the mean of Berger-Parker dominance index, mean Bray-Curtis similarity and the mean of Brillouin diversity index of the infracommunities were also calculated. Additionally, using the SIMPER procedure, were also identified the species that contributed most to the similarity between the infracommunities. We collected 578 parasites belonging to 9 taxa: Monogenea (Grubea cochlear and Kuhnia scombri), Digenea (Aponurus laguncula, Lecithocladium harpodontis and Allonematobothrioides scombri - new host record and new geographical distribution), Cestoda (Scolex pleuronectis) and Nematoda (Raphidascaris sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Anisakidae gen. sp. larvae). Raphidascaris sp. was the most prevalent (64%), followed by K. scombri (60%) and A. laguncula (38%). The most abundant species was K. scombri (2.30% ? 3.73). The mean infracommunity richness was 2.14 ? 1.09 with a total mean abundance of 7.08 ? 7.24. The mean Berger-Parker dominance index was 0.67 ? 0.27, K.scombri, Raphidascaris sp. and A.laguncula being the most dominant species. The Bray-Curtis similarity index between infracommunities was relatively low (32.78 ? 26.20) and Raphidascaris sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. were contributing most to the similarity.
Os trabalhos pr?vios sobre a helmintofauna de peixes escombr?deos da costa brasileira inclu?ram refer?ncias em Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 e Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789. Hoje se considera que apenas S. colias ocorre no Oceano Atl?ntico, Mar Mediterr?neo e Mar Negro, onde forma popula??es distintas. Com o objetivo de avaliar e revisar a biodiversidade parasit?ria de S. colias, do litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram coletados e analisados 69 peixes provenientes de Mercados P?blicos dos Munic?pios de S?o Pedro da Aldeia e Serop?dica, no per?odo de Mar?o de 2013 a Novembro de 2014. Os peixes foram necropsiados e todos os ?rg?os foram individualizados em placas de Petri com solu??o salina 0,7% para serem examinados no microsc?pio estereosc?pico. Os parasitos foram fixados em ?lcool a 70%, AFA ou formalina a 4%. Os Nematoda foram diafanizados e examinados em l?minas tempor?rias com glicerina e os Monogenea, Trematoda e Cestoda corados em Carmim de Semichon ou Tricr?mico de Gomori e examinados em l?minas permanentes montadas em B?lsamo do Canad?. A identifica??o taxon?mica foi feita atrav?s de medidas com aux?lio de ocular microm?trica, desenhos em c?mara clara, estudos por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e t?cnicas moleculares. Foram calculadas a preval?ncia, amplitude de intensidade, abund?ncia m?dia e desvio padr?o para cada esp?cie de parasito. Os estudos de comunidades se realizaram a n?vel de infracomunidade com os dados de 50 peixes coletados em uma ?nica amostra em S?o Pedro de Aldeia, que representa uma comunidade componente. Foram tamb?m calculadas a riqueza m?dia, a abund?ncia total m?dia, ?ndice m?dio de domin?ncia de Berger-Parker e os ?ndices m?dios de similaridade de Bray-Curtis e de diversidade de Brioullin. Adicionalmente, utilizando o procedimento SIMPER, foram avaliadas as esp?cies que mais contribu?ram para a similaridade entre as infracomunidades. Foram coletados 578 parasitos, pertencentes a 9 taxa: Monogenea (Grubea cochlear e Kuhnia scombri), Digenea (Aponurus laguncula, Lecithocladium harpodontis e Allonematobothrioides scombri ? novo hospedeiro e nova distribui??o geogr?fica), Cestoda (Scolex pleuronectis) e Nematoda (Raphidascaris sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Anisakidae gen. sp. larva). Raphidascaris sp. apresentou maior preval?ncia (64%), seguido por K. scombri (60%) e A. laguncula (38%). A esp?cie mais abundante foi K. scombri (2,30% ? 3,73). A riqueza m?dia de esp?cies a n?vel de infracomunidade foi de 2,14?1,09 com uma abund?ncia total de 7,08?7,24. As infracomunidades apresentaram um ?ndice de domin?ncia de Berger-Parker de 0,67?0,27 sendo as esp?cies mais dominantes K.scombri, Raphidascaris sp. e A.laguncula. O ?ndice de similaridade de Bray-Curtis entre as infracomunidades foi relativamente baixo (32,78?26,20) e as esp?cies Raphidascaris sp. e Hysterothylacium sp. foram as que mais contribu?ram para a similaridade.

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Santos, Cibele Velleda dos. "Agentes infecciosos enteroparasitários associados a indivíduos estomizados." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2347.

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The intestinal parasitoses or enteroparasitoses are a serious public health problem particularly in developing countries. Meantime, there are several studies that wrap the prevalence and the incidence of parasitoses in several populations, lacking parasitological investigations involving individuals with a intestinal ostomy. This study aimed to investigate the presence of infectious nature of parasitic diseases in individuals with ostomy enrolled in an Ostomy Program of the Department of Health and Management of the SUS in the city of Pelotas, RS. A questionnaire was given to patients for epidemiological evaluation of demographic, social, and cultural issues that would limit the subjects' knowledge about the parasites. Totaled to 71 individuals also submitted to parasitological tests using the methods of Faust and Ritchie modified Baermann-Moraes. Were collected and analyzed 03 samples per individual. The prevalence of carriers was 5.6%, all by monoparasitism. Among pacients positives were detected in the same proportion (25%), larvae of Enterobius vermicularis eggs of Taenia sp. eggs Enterobius vermicularis and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. Among participants, 49.3% were being female and 50.7% male. 76.1% had colostomy and 23.9% had ileostomy. Of the operations for stoma intestinal was necessary 37.1% due to the rectum cancer, 24,3 % for cancer of colon and 15.7% resulting from other intestinal diseases. As to knowledge about parasitic diseases, 69 % of the interviewed ones revealed to know the subject, 56.3% of the individuals showed up the importance of the hygiene of the hands, nails, sets of cutlery and foods, including his appropriate cooking.Meantime, 33.8% of the interviewed ones did not know how will be careful to prevent the intestinal parasitoses, and, even so, 50.7% of the individuals not feel to miss bigger of explanation regarding the approach in question.
As parasitoses intestinais ou enteroparasitoses representam um grave problema de saúde pública particularmente nos países subdesenvolvidos. Entretanto, existem vários estudos que envolvem a prevalência e a incidência de parasitoses em diversas populações, inexistindo investigações parasitológicas que envolvam indivíduos com estomia intestinal. Este estudo objetivou investigar a presença de agentes infecciosos de natureza enteroparasitária em indivíduos estomizados cadastrados em um Programa de Ostomizados da Secretaria de Saúde e Gestão do SUS da cidade de Pelotas/RS. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico aos pacientes para avaliação das variáveis demográficas, sociais e culturais, além de questões que balizavam o conhecimento dos sujeitos sobre as parasitoses. Totalizaram-se 71 indivíduos, também, submetidos a exames coproparasitológicos segundo os métodos de Faust, Ritchie e Baermann-Moraes modificado. Foram recolhidas e analisadas 03 amostras por sujeito. A prevalência de parasitados foi 5,6%, sendo todos por monoparasitismo. Dentre os positivos detectou-se, na mesma proporção (25%), larvas de Enterobius vermiculares, ovos de Taenia sp., ovos de Enterobius vermiculares e larvas de Strongyloides stercoralis. Dentre os participantes, 49,3% eram pertencentes ao sexo feminino e 50,7% ao masculino. 76,1% possuíam colostomias e 23,9% ileostomias. Das intervenções cirúrgicas para estomização intestinal 37,1% foram necessárias devido ao câncer de reto, 24,3% por câncer de cólon e 15,7% decorrentes de outras doenças intestinais. Quanto aos conhecimentos sobre parasitoses, 69% dos entrevistados revelaram conhecer o assunto, 56,3% dos indivíduos evidenciaram a importância da higiene das mãos, unhas, talheres e alimentos, incluindo seu cozimento adequado. Entretanto, 33,8% dos entrevistados não sabiam como tomar os cuidados necessários para prevenir as parasitoses intestinais, e, ainda assim, 50,7% dos indivíduos consideram não sentirem falta de maiores explicações quanto a abordagem em questão.

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Cruz, Lígia Parreira da. "Pesquisa de Trypanosoma cruzi e relato de ocorrência de helmintes gastrointestinais em gambá-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) e gambá-de-orelha-preta (Didelphis aurita) num CRAS do município de Jundiaí, estado de São Paulo, Brasil." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21147.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Os gambás (Didelphis spp.) são mamíferos marsupiais que ocorrem ao longo do conti-nente americano e que, devido à cada vez maior destruição dos seus habitats e aproximação dos centros urbanos, são hoje considerados animais sinantrópicos. Estes animais constituem um importante reservatório natural de Trypanosoma cruzi, pro-tozoário agente da Doença de Chagas, considerada, pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, uma Doença Tropical Negligenciada. Os estudos sobre a fauna helmintológica dos gambás restringem-se sobretudo ao gambá-da-virgínia (Didelphis virginiana) e ao gambá-comum (Didelphis marsupialis). Os registos feitos de helmintes em gambás no Brasil são esporádicos, dispersos e também muito variáveis, con-forme as dinâmicas ecológicas nas diferentes regiões e biomas. No Estado de São Paulo, ocor-rem as espécies gambá-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) e gambá-de-orelha-preta (Didel-phis aurita). Os objetivos deste trabalho foram averiguar a existência de T. cruzi, bem como pesquisar helmintes nos gambás que deram entrada na Associação Mata Ciliar (Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brasil), oriundos do município de Jundiaí e municípios circundantes. Para tal, foram colhidas amostras nos gambás-de-orelha-branca e de orelha-preta em recuperação (n=20) e realizadas necrópsias (n=11), na Associação Mata Ciliar, entre os dias 10 e 19 de Maio de 2019, para posterior proces-samento das amostras na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo. As análises feitas por RCP, bem como os esfregaços de conteúdo perianal e sangue, revelaram-se negativos para a pesquisa de T. cruzi. A pesquisa de helmintes revelou que 5 dos 10 animais sujeitos a necrópsia estavam infetados. Os helmintes encontrados e respetivas pre-valências foram Cruzia sp. (40%, 4/10), Strongyloides sp. (40%, 4/10), Trichuris sp. (30%, 3/10), Turgida sp. (10%,1/10), Oligacanthorhynchus sp. (10%, 1/10) e Cestoda (40%, 4/10). Este estudo representa, assim, um importante contributo para o conhecimento da fauna helmintológica dos gambás do município de Jundiaí e municípios circundantes e poderá constituir uma base para investigações futuras sobre este tema.
ABSTRACT - Research of Trypanosoma cruzi and report of occurrence of gastrointestinal hel-minths in White-eared Opossum (Didelphis albiventris) and Brazilian Common Opossum (Didelphis aurita) in a wildlife rehabilitation center in the municipality of Jundiaí, State of São Paulo, Brazil - Opossums (Didelphis spp.) are marsupial mammals that occur throughout the American continent. Nowadays they are considered synanthropic animals due to the increasing destruction of their habitats and the proximity of urban centers. These animals are an important reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan agent of Chagas disease which is considered a Neglected Tropical Disease by the World Health Organi-zation. Studies on the helminthological fauna of opossums are mainly restricted to the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and the common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis). The records of helminths from opossums in Brazil are sporadic, dispersed and very variable, according to the ecological dynamics in the different regions and biomes. In the state of São Paulo, the species that occur are the White-eared Opossum (Didelphis albiventris) and Brazilian Common Opossum (Didelphis aurita). The objectives of this work were to investigate the existence of T. cruzi, as well as to search for helminths in the opossums admitted to the Associação Mata Ciliar (Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil), from the municipality of Jundiaí and surrounding municipalities. To this end, samples were collected from opossums in rehabilitation (n=20) and necropsies (N=11) were performed at As-sociação Mata Ciliar between 10th and 19th May 2019, for further sample processing at Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo. PCR analyzes, as well as smears of perianal content and blood for T. cruzi research, were negative. The helminth research revealed that 5 out of 10 necropsied opossums were infected. The helminths found and their prevalence were Cruzia sp. (40%, 4/10), Strongyloides sp. (40%, 4/10), Trichuris sp. (30%, 3/10), Turgida sp. (10%, 1/10), Oligacanthorhynchus sp. (10%, 1/10) and Cestoda (40%, 4/10). This study thus constitutes an important contribution to the knowledge of the helmintho-logical fauna of opossums in the municipality of Jundiaí and surrounding municipalities and could provide a basis for future research on this topic.
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43

Lin, Ren Yong. "Echinococcus multilocularis influence-t-il l'équilibre métabolique du foie de l'hôte ? : Modifications de l'expression génique et des voies métaboliques in vitro et in vivo." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA0009.

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Fragoso, Roberta Paranhos. "Estudo de prevalência e incidência de reação sorológica positiva para toxocara em crianças matriculadas na primeira série do ensino fundamental público no município de Vitória-ES." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5894.

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Background. High prevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies has been reported in inpatients at one reference pediatric hospital in Vitoria, but there was not any report of this prevalence in healthy children. Objectives. (a)To study the prevalence and incidence of Toxocara infection by searching anti Toxocara antibodies in schoolchildren seven to nine years old; (b) to investigate associated factors and to perform physical examination, including ophthalmologic examination, blood eosinophil counts and stool examinations for helminthes. Methods. A commercial ELISA IgG test for Toxocara was performed in 394 children (first series from elementary school).One year later the test was done again in all children with negative result in the first test (optical density under 0.250 ). Stool examination and blood counts were performed at a routine laboratory from the municipality of Vitoria. It was applied a questionnaire for information on hygiene and socioeconomic conditions. Ophthalmologic examination included eye grounds examinations. Results. Considering OD>>500 as a positive result, the serum prevalence was 51.6% (202/394) without gender differences. Eighteen, out of 92 children (19.5%) with negative result in the first test, presented a positive test one year later. At least one intestinal helminth was detected in 68/308 (22%) without gender differences. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of positive serology in children with or without intestinal helminthes. Eosinophilia (blood ophils >400/mm3) was observed in 181/394 (45,9%) ,higher in children with positive serology, bearing or not intestinal helminthes Owning pets, low incomes, onycophagia and use of non filtered water were significantly associated with positive serology. No signs or symptoms related to Toxocara infection were observed in children with positive serology, except two cases of retinal lesions suggestive of ocular larva migrans. Conclusion. It was confirmed he high prevalence and it was demonstrated high incidence of positive serology in children in our county. Owning pets, low incomes, onycophagia and use of non filtered water were significantly associated factors. The absence of clinical manifestations and the low frequency of ocular lesions indicate that or Toxocara infection frequently is a benign, asymptomatic infection or the high prevalence observed was due to cross reaction with intestinal helminthes infections.
Introdução. Alta prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxocara (Ac anti-T) tem sido relatada em crianças internadas em Hospital pediátrico de Vitória, mas nenhuma observação foi feita em amostra de crianças saudáveis. Objetivos. Verificar a prevalência e a incidência anual da infecção pelo Toxocara, pela pesquisa de Ac anti-T em escolares (7-9anos), investigar fatores associados e realizar exame físico, incluindo o oftalmológico, contagem dos eosinófilos no sangue periférico e exame parasitológico de fezes. Métodos. 394 escolares (primeira série em oito escolas localizadas em bairros de baixa renda) foram submetidos a um teste ELISA IgG para Toxocara (Toxocara IgG CELISA, Cellabs Pty Ltda. Brookvale, Austrália) . Um ano após, os que apresentavam DO < 0,250, foram novamente testados para Ac anti-T .Exame parasitológico de fezes e hemograma foram realizados em laboratório de rotina da Prefeitura de Vitória. Foi aplicado um questionário para informações sobre hábitos e condições de vida. O exame oftalmológico incluiu o exame de fundo de olho e quando necessário a retinografia. Resultados: Das 391 amostras, 202 (51,6%) tiveram densidades ópticas acima de 0,500 (considerada positiva para infecção com Toxocara), sem diferença entre sexos. Das 92 crianças com a sorologia negativa, 18 (19,5%) tiveram a reação positiva no ano seguinte. Pelo menos um helminto intestinal foi identificado em 68/308 (22%) crianças, sem diferença entre sexos. Não houve diferença na freqüência de Ac anti-T em crianças com ou sem helminto intestinal. Eosinofilia (>400 eosinófilos/mm3) foi observada em 181/394 (45,9%) crianças, maior nas crianças com sorologia positiva associada ou não à presença de helminto intestinal. Possuir cão, renda familiar < 2 salários mínimos, onicofagia e beber água sem filtrar se correlacionaram com Ac anti-T. Não havia manifestação em nenhuma das crianças com sorologia positiva e apenas duas (1,2%; 2/171,) tinham lesões oculares compatíveis com Larva Migrans Ocular. Conclusão: Confirma-se ser alta a prevalência e demonstra-se ser alta a incidência anual da infecção pelo Toxocara em crianças de baixa renda em Vitória. Possuir cão, renda familiar <2 salários, onicofagia e beber água sem filtrar foram significativamente associados a Ac anti-T. A ausência de manifestações clínicas e a baixa freqüência de lesões oculares indicam que a infecção pelo Toxocara ou é benigna e assintomática ou os resultados positivos da sorologia se devem, na sua maioria, às reações cruzadas com helmintos intestinais.

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Carrijo, Juliana Rosa [UNESP]. "Pesquisa de ovos de helmintos em lodo de esgoto oriundo de Campo Grande (MS) após tratamento anaeróbico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99378.

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O crescimento da população urbana tem produzido um aumento progressivo de resíduos sólidos, que após sofrerem vários processos de desinfecção denominam-se biossólidos. Esta massa orgânica pode ser destinada a diversas finalidades, inclusive como fertilizante agrícola. Entretanto, a disposição deste material deve seguir padrões de qualidade, por apresentar organismos nocivos aos homens e animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de ovos de Taenia sp em lodo de esgoto, previamente tratado em sistema de digestão anaeróbia do tipo Reator Anaeróbio de Lodo Fluidizado (RALF). As amostras de lodo de esgoto foram colhidas na unidade Aero Rancho de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) Águas Guariroba, em Campo Grande-MS. O experimento foi dividido em duas fases. Na primeira etapa foram avaliados diferentes tipos de materiais para a escolha do filtro, que possibilitasse a passagem de ovos de Taenia saginata diluídos em água destilada e em lodo líquido. O filtro que melhor se adequou ao experimento foi o Papel higiênico fino folha única. As amostras de lodo de esgoto foram colhidas nos dias 1 (líquido), 15 e 30 (sólido). O lodo colhido foi dividido em alíquotas e filtrado no Papel higiênico fino folha única. Após centrifugação foram avaliadas três lâminas do sedimento por amostra. Os ovos de helmintos foram classificados pelo seu gênero, segundo sua morfologia similar. Foram encontrados ovos com morfologia similar a de ovos de ancilostomídeos, ascarídeos e estrongilídeos em todas as colheitas. Os ovos de Taenia sp, Trichuris, Dipylidium e Strongyloides foram encontrados somente em uma das colheitas. O número de ovos de nematóides prevaleceu sobre os de cestóides. Foram listados ainda, outros organismos como, ácaros, coccídeos, larvas de nematódeos mortas e vivas, leveduras, oocisto e organismos de vida livre. A quantidade de ovos... .
The urban population growth have been produced a progressive increase of solid residue that after being through many treatment process is called biossolid. This organic mass can be destination to many use, specially as agricultural fertilizer. However, the disposal of this material must follow some quality standard, for presents harmful organisms to men and animals. The objective of this work was to evaluate the Taenia sp eggs in sewage sludge, previously treated in anerobic digestion process like anaerobic liquid fluid reactor (RALF). The solid sludge samples were collected at the Aero Rancho unit of sludge treatment - Águas Guariroba in Campo Grande, MS. The experiment was devided in two phases. In the first phase were evaluate different kinds of materials to choose the filter, which permit to filter the Taenia saginata eggs diluted with distilled water and in liquid sludge. The filter that better adapted in the experiment was the fine toilet paper one sheet. The sewage sludge samples were collected in the days one (liquid), 15 and 30 (solid). The sludge collected were divided in aliquot and filtered with fine toilet paper one sheet. After, centrifuged it was evaluated three sheet from the sediment for sample. The helminth eggs were classified for their genera, like their similar morphology. There were ancilostomideos, ascarídeos and estrongilídeos eggs in all collect. Eggs of Taenia sp, Trichuris, Dipylidium and Strongyloides were founded only in one of the collects. The nematodes eggs prevailed on the cestodes. Still were listed another organisms as acaros, leavenings, larvae organisms alive and dead, oocists and others organisms. The amount of helminth eggs were varied, indicating the necessity of the sewage sludge pass trough other complementary treatments process, like been revolved and storage for longer period of time. Concluded that the fine... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

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Nascimento, Érica Maria. "Avaliação do efeito anti-helmíntico do hidrolato de Mentha villosa Huds. (Lamiaceae) em nematóides gastrintestinais de bovinos." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2008. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2916.

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Atualmente tem sido de grande interesse o estudo da atividade anti-helmíntica de plantas medicinais em ruminantes. Mentha villosa Huds. (Lamiaceae) é uma erva aromática que tem sido utilizada popularmente devido às diversas propriedades medicinais, inclusive para o controle de verminoses, sendo o óxido de piperitenona, substância presente no óleo essencial da planta, possivelmente responsável por esta atividade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a composição química do óleo essencial e respectivo hidrolato de M. villosa por meio de análise cromatográfica e testar a atividade anti-helmíntica do hidrolato desta planta tanto in vitro, pelo método de coprocultura quantitativa, quanto in vivo, em bezerras infectadas por nematóides gastrintestinais, através do teste de redução no número de ovos de nematóides nas fezes dos hospedeiros. A análise cromatográfica mostrou a presença de óxido de piperitenona como constituinte majoritário no óleo essencial e no hidrolato de M. villosa (teores relativos de 65,16% e 93,62% respectivamente). No teste in vitro, o hidrolato nas concentrações de 40%, 60% e 80% e 100% apresentou porcentagem de eficácia de 91,88%, 94,15%, 98,40% e 100% respectivamente, mostrando atividade ovicida significativa sobre nematóides gastrintestinais de bezerros. Entretanto, os resultados do teste in vivo mostraram ausência de atividade anti-helmíntica do hidrolato de M. villosa na dose de 0,1ml/Kg/dia nos animais tratados.
Currently, it has been of great interest to study the anthelmintic activity of medicinal plants in ruminants. Mentha villosa Huds. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic herb that has been popularly used based on various medicinal properties, including for the control of nematode infections, being piperitenone oxide, the substance present in the essential oil of this plant, possibly responsible for this activity. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil and respective hidrolact of M. villosa through chromatographic analysis and test the anthemintic activity of hidrolact of this plant both in vitro, by the quantitative coproculture method, and in vivo, in calves infected with gastrintestinal nematodes, through the egg count reduction test in feces of the hosts. The chromatographic analysis showed the presence of piperitenone oxide as the major constituent in essential oil and hidrolact of M. villosa (relative levels of 65.16% and 93.62% respectively). In in vitro tests, the hidrolact at the concentrations 40%, 60% and 80% and 100% obtained percentage of effectiveness of 91.88%, 94.15%, 98.40% and 100% respectively, showing significant ovicidal activity against gastrintestinal nematodes in calves. However, the hidrolact of M. villosa showed no in vivo anthelmintic activity at 0,1 ml/Kg/day on the treated animals.

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47

Jouy, Avantin Françoise. "Paléoparasitologie : contribution à l'étude des paléoenvironnements de sites pléistocènes et holocènes du littoral méditerranéen français." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0552.

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La paléoparasitologie est la recherche d'œufs d'helminthes parasites dans des excréments ou des sédiments organiques fossilisés. Cette recherche passe par l'adaptation des techniques de la parasitologie médicale à du matériel desséché et nécessite, au préalable, une description détaillée et standardisée des coprolithes qui seront détruits pour l'analyse. Nous avons analysé 31 coprolithes et 25 échantillons de sédiments provenant de neuf sites du Bassin méditerranéen français datés du Pléistocène moyen au Moyen-Âge. L'identification, dans ces échantillons, de 23 espèces différentes de parasites, dont deux espèces probablement " fossiles ", nous a permis d'améliorer notre connaissance sur les parasitoses anciennes, d'apporter des informations sur les comportements alimentaires et sanitaires des hôtes de ces parasites et de mieux comprendre la fonction de certains vestiges archéologiques. Ce travail représente 98% des résultats d'analyses dans le Bassin méditerranéen français, toutes époques confondues, et 82% des résultats pour le Paléolithique inférieur dans le monde
Paleoparasitology is searching for helminth eggs in fossilized feces and organic sediments. Methodology consists in the adaptation of medical technics of parasitology to dessicated material. Before destruction of coprolites for analysis, it is necessary to make their complete and standardized description. We studied 31 coprolites and 25 samples of sediments from nine sites of the French Mediterranean Basin dated from Middle Pleistocene to Middle Ages. In these samples, the identification of 23 parasite species, from which there are two probably fossil species, allowed us to have a better knowledge of ancient parasitoses, to give information on alimentary and sanitary behaviors of the parasite hosts and to understand some archaeological structures. This work represents 98% of the results in the French Mediterranean Basin, for all periods, and 82% of the Lower Paleolithic results in the world

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Biallas, Sandra. "Zur Bedeutung von Endoparasiten bei Chamäleons (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) aus Wildfängen und Nachzuchten." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-133462.

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden 212 Kotproben von Chamäleons auf Parasitenstadien und 75 Tierkörper pathologisch sowie bei einem nachgewiesenen Parasitenbefall histopathologisch untersucht. Ziel war es, anhand dieser Untersuchungen das Vorkommen und die Schadwirkungen von Endoparasiten unter Berücksichtigung der Herkunft, des Alters, des Geschlechts und der Chamäleonart zu beschreiben. Von 212 Kotproben wiesen 55,2% Endoparasitenstadien auf. Bei 54,7% der 64 sezierten und auswertbaren Tiere wurden Endoparasiten nachgewiesen. Der Anteil positiver Proben zeigt zwischen Nachzuchten (55,5%) und Wildfängen (54,1%) keinen wesentlichen Unterschied. In Wildfängen konnten häufiger Endoparasiten mit einem indirekten Lebenszyklus ermittelt werden, Nachzuchten beherbergten dagegen öfter Parasiten mit einem direkten Entwicklungszyklus. In den untersuchten Chamäleons konnten regelmäßig Kokzidien der Gattung Isospora und Oxyuriden nachgewiesen werden. Zestoden konnten in der koproskopischen Untersuchung gar nicht aufgefunden werden, wohingegen sie in der pathologischen Untersuchung sporadisch im Darm diagnostiziert werden konnten. Die Häufigkeit des koproskopischen Nachweises von Parasitenstadien bezogen auf die Gesamtzahl der untersuchten Chamäleons stellte sich wie folgt dar: in 30,4% wurden Protozoon gefunden, 21,7% der Tiere waren mit Kokzidien infiziert (davon 78,3% Isospora spp., 13,0% Choleoeimeria spp., 6,5% Eimeria spp., 2,2% Mischinfektion Isospora spp./Choleoeimeria spp.) und 8,5% mit Flagellaten oder Ziliaten. Bei 83,3% der Tiere mit gastrointestinalen Symptomen konnte ein Befall mit Kokzidien der Gattung Isospora nachgewiesen werden. In 38,7% der koproskopischen Untersuchungen konnten Nematoden (65,9% Oxyuriden, 19,5% Askariden/ Heterakiden, 1,4% Rhabdias sp., 2,8% Strongyloides sp., je 0,5 % Spirurida, Heterakiden/Filarien, Oxyuriden/Strongyloiden) und in 2,8% Trematoden (Digenea) aufgefunden werden. Anamnestisch konnten in 35,8% aller Tiere klinische Symptome beobachtet werden, wovon bei 88,2% der erkrankten Tiere ein Endoparasitenbefall nachzuweisen war. Insgesamt 64,1% der sezierten Chamäleons waren mit Endoparasiten befallen, wovon 68,3% Mono- und 31,7% Mischinfektionen beherbergten. In 31,3% der sezierten Chamäleons wurden Nematoden gefunden und der Befall wurde in 55,0% dieser Fälle als hochgradig eingestuft. Es wurden Befallsraten von 25,0% für Strongyloides sp., 23,4% für Askariden/ Heterakiden,15,0% für Filarien, 5,0% für Rhabdias sp., 9,4% für Zestoden, 10,9% für Digenea registriert. In 11,3% der Fälle lagen Mischinfektionen vor. Damit ist ein Endoparasitenbefall bei Chamäleons häufig und kann zu Erkrankungen führen. Die Exposition unterscheidet sich bei Wildfängen und Nachzuchten aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Umgebungsbedingungen. Auch klinisch unauffällige Tiere waren zu 27,8% mit Parasiten befallen, so dass eine klinische Symptomatik nicht zwingend aus einem Parasitenbefall resultiert. Insgesamt betrachtet verdient der Endoparasitenbefall von Chamäleons das Augenmerk von Tierärzten und Tierhaltern und sollte bei augenscheinlich hohem Infektionsdruck zu Gegenmaßnahmen, insbesondere auch einer verbesserten Hygiene, Anlaß geben
In the present study 212 chameleon fecal samples were examined for parasite stages and 75 carcasses were examined histopathologically and pathologically in a proven case of a parasite infestation. The basis of this study was to describe the occurrence and harmful effects of internal parasites considering the origin, age and sex of the chameleons. Of the 212 fecal samples 55.2% showed stages of endoparasites. Parasites were detected at 54.7% of 64 evaluated and dissected animals. The proportion of positive samples shows no significant difference between offspring (55.5%) and wild specimens (54.1%). In wild specimens common internal parasites could be determined with an indirect life cycle, however offspring harbored more parasites with a direct life cycle. In the studied chameleons coccidia as the genus Isospora and Oxyurids were regularly detected. In the coprological study Cestodes could not be found, while in the pathological examination they could be diagnosed sporadically in the intestine. Based on the total number of investigated chameleons the frequency of detection of parasite stages are presented as follows: Protozoa were found in 30.4%, 21.7% of the animals were infected with coccidia (of which 78,3% Isospora spp, 13,0% Choleoeimeria spp., 6.5% Eimeria spp., 2.2% polyinfections between Isospora spp./ Choleoeimeria spp.) and 8.5% with flagellates or ciliates. At 83.3% of the animals with gastrointestinal symptoms coccidia of the genus Isospora were detected. In 38.7% of the fecal examination nematodes were determined (65.9% Oxyurids, 19.5% Ascarids/ Heterakis, 1.4% Rhabdias sp., 2.8% Strongyloides sp., 0.5% Spirurida, Heterakids/ Filariae, Oxyurids/ Strongyloides sp.) and Trematodes in 2.8% (Digenea) were found. The anamnesis showed that clinical symptoms could be observed in 35.8% of all of the animals, whereas endoparasite infestation could be detected inn 88.2% of the affected animals. Overall, 64.1% of the dissected chameleons were infested with parasites, of which 68.3% harbored mono- and 31.7% polyinfections. In 31.3% of the dissected chameleons nematode infestations were found and 55.0% of these cases were classified as severe. Prevalences were registered: 25.0% for Strongyloides spp., 23.4% for Ascarids/ Heterakids, 15.0% for Filaria, 5.0% for Rhabdias sp., 9.4% for Cestodes, 10.9% for Digenea. In 11.3% of the cases mixed infections were reported. Thus, endoparasite infestation is common among chameleons and can lead to diseases. Exposure differs from wild-specimens and captive-bred due to the different environmental conditions. Also, 27.8% of clinically healthy animals were also infested with parasites, which means that clinical symptoms are not necessarily the result of a parasitic infestation. Overall, chameleon endoparasites deserve the attention of veterinarians and pet owners and should be treated promptly when there is a high likelihood of infection or hygiene is of concern

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Maciel, Willian Giquelin [UNESP]. "Avaliação das metodologias de controle estratégico das nematodioses gastrintestinais em ovinos (Ovis aries)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154163.

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As helmintoses, aliadas ao problema de resistência aos quimioterápicos, tornam-se o grande entrave na ovinocultura mundial, sendo ampliado pela escassez de informações sobre o custo-benefício de metodologias de diagnóstico. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar e comparar a eficiência de três técnicas de diagnóstico e o custo-benefício de quatro medidas estratégicas de controle de helmintos de ovinos naturalmente parasitados em uma de baixa tecnificação. Foram selecionadas 48 matrizes em idade reprodutiva, predominando mestiços de raça Santa Inês X Dorper, com médias de contagem de ovos por grama (OPG) superiores a 400, pelo método McMaster. Assim, foram realizadas coletas de amostras de fezes e avaliações da conjuntiva ocular a cada 14 dias, para realização das técnicas Mini-FLOTAC, McMaster e FAMACHA© durante um ano. As ovelhas foram divididas em quatro grupos experimentais e tratadas, estrategicamente. No GI, realizou-se tratamento dos animais que apresentassem contagens de OPG igual ou superior a 1000 no Mini-FLOTAC; GII, realizado com proposições semelhante ao GI, mas de acordo com McMaster; GIII tratado todos os ovinos a cada 56 dias; GIV - desverminados apenas os animais que apresentassem grau FAMACHA© 3, 4 ou 5, em duas avaliações (dias diferentes). Para comparação, as três técnicas de diagnóstico foram, repetidamente, efetuadas em todos os grupos. Ao iniciar o estudo, foi realizada coprocultura das fezes para identificação genérica dos nematódeos, e, posteriormente, necropsia parasitológica nos ovinos que vieram a óbito com colheita para reconhecimento de espécies. Para o cálculo dos custos, foram contabilizados aquisição de produtos, os gastos com os tratamentos, o dispêndio com exames laboratoriais, entre outros. As técnicas foram comparadas pelos resultados, e após dicotomizados os dados, em Tratados (avaliações com FAMACHA© 3, 4 e 5, e, contagens de OPG superiores a 1000, para McMaster e Mini-FLOTAC) e Não Tratados. Os resultados necroparasitológicos evidenciaram 10 espécies de helmintos, com prevalência de Trichostrongylus colubriformis e Haemonchus contortus, representando 94,49% da carga parasitária total recuperadas nas necropsias. Nas coproculturas, Haemonchus (67%) e Trichostrongylus (19%) também apresentaram maiores percentuais. As três técnicas de diagnóstico obtiveram boa correlação entre si, com moderada diferença. Entretanto, quando transformados em tratados e não tratados, o FAMACHA© apresentou uma redução de 50% (P≤0,05) na frequência de tratamento. Quanto às estratégias, razoável diferença nas contagens de OPG observada no decorrer do estudo. Mesmo assim, o GIV apresentou menor frequência de desverminação (53), não diferindo (P≥0,05) apenas do GIII. Com base no peso médio e na quantidade de tratamentos, o GIV apresentou menor custo ao final do estudo, R$10,36 e, em segundo, o GIII, com um gasto de R$13,49, enquanto os GI e GII despuseram de R$17,60 e R$14,47, respectivamente. Além dos gastos com os tratamentos, GI, GII e GIV, totalizaram ao término do estudo R$5532,55, R$5266,13 e R$45,00 de importâncias extras. Assim, conclui-se que, a aplicação do método FAMACHA© reduz a frequência de tratamento em relação as demais estratégias empregadas, podendo ser indicada como melhor relação custo-benefício.
Helminthic infections, allied to the problem of resistance against chemotherapeutics, become the major worldwide hindrance in sheep industry, which is magnified by lack of information regarding cost benefits of diagnosis methodologies. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare efficiency of three diagnosis techniques and cost benefits of four strategic control measures against helminths of naturally parasitized sheep on a farm with modest technology. 48 ewes were selected, predominantly crosses of Santa Inês and Dorper breeds, at reproductive age, with average counts of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) superior to 400 detected by the McMaster method. Therefore, collection of fecal samples and evaluation of ocular conjunctiva were conducted every 14 days for performing the Mini-FLOTAC, McMaster and FAMACHA© techniques. Animals were divided in four experimental groups and treated strategically. In GI, treatment was performed on animals which obtained EPG counts superior to 1000 on the Mini-FLOTAC test. Treatment at GII followed similar propositions to GI, but was based on the McMaster test. GIII consisted of treating all sheep at 56-day intervals. Animals at GIV were dewormed only when presenting FAMACHA© degrees 3, 4 or 5, in two evaluations. For comparison, all three diagnosis techniques were repeatedly conducted in all groups. In order to calculate costs, expenses with product acquisition and treatments, as well as expenditure with laboratorial exams and other factors were added. Techniques were compared by results, and data was divided in two groups: Treated (evaluations with FAMACHA© degree 3, 4 and 5; and EPG counts superior to 1000 for McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC methods) and Untreated. Results evidenced ten helminths species, with prevalence of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus representing 94.49% of total parasitic burdens recovered on necropsies of animals that came to death. In coprocultures analyzes, Haemonchus (67%) and Trichostrongylus (19%) also presented the higher percentages. All three diagnosis techniques obtained good correlations with each other, with moderate differences. However, when data was transformed in Treated and Untreated, the FAMACHA© method presented a 50% reduction (P≤0.05) in treatment frequency. Regarding strategies, reasonable differences in EPG counts were observed throughout the study. Nonetheless, GIV presented inferior deworming frequency (53), with no differences (P≥0.05) only to GIII. Based on average weights and amount of treatments, GIV presented inferior costs by the end of the study, R$ 10.36, followed by GIII, with a cost of R$ 13.49, while GI and GII surmounted costs of R$ 17.60 and R$ 14.47, respectively. Besides the expenses with treatments, GI, GII and GIV totaled, at the end of the study, R$ 5,532.55, R$ 5,266.13 and R$ 45.00 of additional importance. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that application of the FAMACHA© method reduces frequency of treatments when compared to other employed strategies, being able to be recommended as the one with superior cost benefit.

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Castro, Enzo Emmerich Paula. "Caracterização morfológica de espécies do gênero Oswaldocruzia Travassos, 1917 (Nematoda Molineidae) em anfíbios (Anura) em diferentes regiões do Brasil /." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157136.

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Orientador: Reinaldo José Silva
Resumo: O gênero Oswaldocruzia inclui parasitas que habitam o trato gastrointestinal de anfíbios e répteis. A ordem Strongylida é caracterizada por nematoides que possuem bolsa copuladora, e os membros dessa ordem que parasitam anfíbios são quase que exclusivamente restritos ao gênero Oswaldocruzia. São nematoides cosmopolitas, mas pouco se sabe de sua biologia. Em todo o mundo são registradas aproximadamente 90 espécies, sendo 22 espécies descritas para anfíbios na América do Sul e, dentre elas, sete são descritas no Brasil. As espécies que ocorrem no Brasil pertencem ao grupo Continental Neotropical, por possuírem espículos com divisão da forquilha no terço final do comprimento do espículo. As mais importantes características das espécies de Trichostrongylina são a disposição da bolsa copuladora, a morfologia dos sinlofes e a anatomia dos espículos. As espécies pertencentes ao grupo Continental Neotropical possuem características comuns, compondo um grupo homogêneo. Essa homogenia torna difícil o diagnóstico das espécies, que podem ser complexos de espécies, subestimadas nos diferentes tipos de hospedeiros anfíbios e nas diferentes regiões brasileiras, tornando necessária uma análise morfológica mais acurada das estruturas mais importantes. O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma avaliação taxonômica de três espécies de Oswaldocruzia em diferentes regiões do Brasil, com intuito de contribuir para o conhecimento da taxonomia morfológica destes parasitas na região Neotropical... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The genus Oswaldocruzia includes parasites that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of amphibians and reptiles. The order Strongylida is characterized by nematodes that possess a caudal bursa, and the members of that order parazitizing amphibians are almost exclusively restricted to the genus Oswladocruzia. They are cosmopolitan nematodes, but little is known about their biology. Approximately 90 species are recorded worldwide, of which 22 are described for amphibians in South America, and seven are described in Brazil. The species distributed in Brazil belong to group Continental Neotropical, because they have spicules with division of the fork in the final third of the length of the spicules. The most important characteristics of the species of Trichostrongylina are the disposition of the caudal bursa, the morphology of the synlophe and the anatomy of the spicules. The species belong to the Continental Neotropical group have common characteristics, composing a homogeneous group. This homogeneity makes it difficult to diagnose species, which may be species complexes, underestimated in the different types of amphibian hosts and in different Brazilian regions, thus it is necessary to make a more accurate morphological analysis of the most important structures of these helminths. The present study aims to carry out a taxonomic evaluation of three species of Oswaldocruzia sp. in different regions of Brazil, aiming at contributing to the knowledge of morphological taxonomy of thes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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