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Journal articles on the topic 'Helminthes'
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Gherasim, Elena, Dumitru Erhan, Viorica Coada, and Ana Tiganas. "Determination of the degree of helminth infestation of the ecaudate amphibians (the Anura: Ranidae, Bufonidae) depending on the biotic factors in conditions of the Republic of Moldova." Acta et commentationes: Ştiinţe Exacte şi ale Naturii 13, no. 1 (November 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36120/2587-3644.v13i1.22-30.
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In this study is made an ecological analysis of the species composition, structure of the helminth community and the invasion degree of Ranidae and Bufonidae families in different habitats in Moldova. As a result, it has been established the presence of 17 helminths species. It was found that the diversity of helminth fauna of the studied amphibians is structured depending on the host species, biotop, biotic factors, gender and depending of the host onthogenesis. Thus, the greatest diversity of helminthes in amphibians in the family Ranidae was established in Rana ridibunda and Rana lessonae with 17 species, and for the species from the Bufonidae family, no different values were established, so each host species being infested with 3 species of helminthes.
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Nigmatullin, Ch M., and O. A. Shukhalter. "On structural interfacing of trophic and parasite relations of nektonic squid Sthenoteuthis pteropus in the tropical atlantic: coevolutionary aspect." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 313, no. 3 (September 25, 2009): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2009.313.3.338.
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The paper describes the trophic and parasitic relations interfacing of mass abundant orangeback squid Sthenoteuthis pteropus (OS) in the open waters of the Tropical Atlantic. There are described the data on squid’s food, predator and helminth species compositions and theirs ontogenetic, sex and infraspecific variability, and on the place and role of distinct stages of OS life cycle in the trophic and parasite structures of oceanic communities. The predator-prey size relations are 8–20% absolute squid length. Due to this fact the shifts of the main food groups are taken place in squid ontogenesis and, accordingly, there are changes in helminthes species composition and infection rates. The place and role of squids of different ontogenetic stages in the helminths life cycles is also different. These helminthes are transmitted by oceanic trophic webs. Thereupon there are demonstrated the existence of important differences between various life cycle stages, sexes and infraspecific groups of OS in oceanic tropho-parasitic structure. The working hypothesis on mechanism of coevolution of nektonic squids and their helminthes is formulated on the base of «using» by helminthes a quasi-stable trophic web of the vast oceanic pelagic zone.
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Shimeles Getawa Abera and Abayneh Unasho Gandile. "Prevalence and associated risk factors of common intestinal parasitic infections of helminthes among the asymptomatic primary school children at Woldia Town, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, in Ethiopia." International Journal of Biology and Pharmacy Research Updates 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 032–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijbpru.2021.1.1.0021.
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Background: Intestinal worm infestation is a global health problem and serious concern for the third world countries. The most common intestinal parasites of helminthes that inhabit in human gut include Nematodes (roundworms) and Platyhelminthes (Cestodes and trematodes) which are wide spread throughout the world. Prevention and control of all parasitic infections including helminthes require research work based on the identification of parasites and associated predisposing factors. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections of helminthes among the asymptomatic primary school children at Woldia town, North Wollo Zone North Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: The study design was school based cross sectional study from November 2019 to February 2020. The technique of sampling was simple random sampling method and the sample size was computed based on the formula proposed by single population proportion to include 442 study participants. The method of data collection was laboratory microscopic stool examination using direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration technique and the structured questionnaires about the associated risk factors and sociodemographic factors. Analysis of the data was made manually using the thematic framework method including the descriptive statistics Result: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections of helminths among the asymptomatic primary school children at woldia town was 96(22.7%). The predominant intestinal parasites of helminthes was Ascaries lumbercoides 40 (9.5%) followed by Trichuris trichiura 18 (4.3%), Hymenolopis nana 13 (3.1%) and Hook worms 10 (2.4%). From the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections of helminthes, 96(22.7%), the results obtained by direct wet mount method was 36(37.5%) while the Formol-ether concentration technique method revealed 60(62.5%). Moreover, the result also showed parasitic infections of helminthes were associated with associated predisposing factors. Concluding remarks and recommendations: In this study the overall prevalence of helminthic infections was relatively lower. However the control and intervention of intestinal helminthic infections requires a constant provision of periodic deworming treatment and regular health educations regarding personal hygiene and environmental sanitations.
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Tsvetkov and Korablev. "HELMINTH FAUNA OF MUSTELIDS (NEOVISON VISON, LUTRA LUTRA, MARTES MARTES, MUSTELA PUTORIUS, MELES MELES) AT CENTER OF EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA (Preliminary results)." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.678-683.
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Helminthological autopsies of Mustelids from various districts of Pskov, Тver and Smolensk region were carried out. To determine the prevalence rates of the infestation, an extensive invasion index was used. According to the results of helminthological autopsies, a list of detected helminthes is given. For the first time on the study area, 14 species of helminthes were recorded in studied Mustelids. Two of the found species of helminthes parasitize in Mustelids in larval form. The maximum variety of species is observed among the Nematoda class. The data on the number of detected helminth species in Mustelids in certain districts of the Tver, Pskov and Smolensk regions, as well as indicators of the frequency of helminthes were given. The maximum number of helminth species is recorded in Mustelids in the Novosokolnichesky district of the Pskov region. Extensiveness of invasion of all studied species of Mustelids, excluding otter, is 100%. According to the indicators of extensiveness of invasion in the studied Mustelids, Isthmiophora melis, Capillaria mucronata, Capillaria putorii, Filaroides martis are prevalent. The maximum number of species of parasitic worms is recorded in pine marten. The research results indicate the dominant influence of the trophic factor in the formation of the helminth fauna of martens that inhabit the study areas.
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WILCOX, JUSTIN J. S., KELLY E. LANE-DEGRAAF, AGUSTIN FUENTES, and HOPE HOLLOCHER. "Comparative community-level associations of helminth infections and microparasite shedding in wild long-tailed macaques in Bali, Indonesia." Parasitology 142, no. 3 (September 24, 2014): 480–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182014001462.
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SUMMARYHelminthes have the capacity to modulate host immunity, leading to positive interactions with coinfecting microparasites. This phenomenon has been primarily studied during coinfections with a narrow range of geo-helminthes and intracellular microparasites in human populations or under laboratory conditions. Far less is known regarding differences in coinfection dynamics between helminth types, the range of microparasites that might be affected or the overall community-level effects of helminth infections on microparasites in wild systems. Here, we analysed the presence/absence and abundance patterns of enteric parasites in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) on the island of Bali, Indonesia, to assess whether naturally occurring helminth infections were associated with increased shedding of the most common intracellular (Cryptosporidiumspp.,Isosporaspp.) and extracellular (Entamoebaspp.,Giardiaspp.) microparasites. We also comparatively assessed the statistical correlations of different helminth taxa with microparasite shedding to determine if there were consistent relationships between the specific helminth taxa and microparasites. Helminth infections were associated with increased shedding of both intracellular and extracellular microparasites. Platyhelminthes repeatedly displayed strong positive correlations with several microparasites; while nematodes did not. Our results indicate that helminthes can influence microparasite community shedding dynamics under wild conditions, but that trends may be driven by a narrow range of helminthes.
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DAKKAK, A., and H. OUHELLI. "Helminthes et helminthoses du dromadaire : revue bibliographique." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 6, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 423–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.6.2.302.
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OKONTA, B. O., G. U. EMELUE, and C. H. IMOSILI. "EVALUATION OF PARASITIC GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN CAPTIVE MAMMALS AT OGBA ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN AND NATURE PARK, BENIN CITY." FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 7, no. 2 (June 7, 2022): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2021.0702.059.
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This study investigated the gastro-intestinal helminthes present in the capture-held mammals at Ogba Zoological garden comprising a total of twenty-six(26) resident mammals representing thirteen (13) wildlife species, between the period of March and June, 2019. The objectives of this study were to identify the common helminthes present in the zoo mammals, estimate number of positive animal species and investigate the prevalence, abundance and diversity of the gastro intestinal helminthes among the animals. Fecal samples of the animals were collected from the study site and subjected to direct microscopic examination and concentration techniques. Overall, a total of four (4) helminthes parasites’ eggs and cyst were identified; Strongyle spp. (Threadworm), Trichuris trichuria (Whipworm) Ancyclostoma duodenale (Hookworm) and Nematodes’ eggs. A protozoan species (Entamoeba spp) was also detected in the Grey Monkeys. Fourteen (14) (53.84%) of the sampled animals were infected with the gastrointestinal helminthes parasites and eggs. Strongyle spp (30.8%), was the most prevalent gastro intestinal helminth found among the animals used for the study, while 19.2% prevalence of Hookworm (15.4%) of whipworm, (15.4%) of Entamoeba spp and (3.8%) of Nematode eggs were recorded. The gastro-intestinal helminthes were highly distributed among the Mona monkeys and grey monkeys. The Nematode eggs and larvae were isolated in the Donkey. Hookworm was highly spread among the Baboons and also found in the Civet Cat. 46.16% of the examined animals were free from gastrointestinal helminthes infection. No record of parasitic helminthes were found in the Chimpanzee, Patas monkeys, White-throated monkeys, Crested porcupine, horses, Maxwell duiker, lion and Hyena in the study site
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Jegede, O. C. "Anthelmintic Activities (In Vitro And In Vivo) of Some Plant Extracts – A Review." Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0251.
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Several plants are found to possess potent medicinal and phytochemical compounds used globally for the treatment of diseases and the discovery of new drugs. Plants with anthelmintic properties have attained a great interest due to their usage in treatment of parasitic (helminthic) diseases that cause major economic loss, resulting to reduced livestock production capacity of farmers. The major impediment in the livestock subsector is the increasing problems of development of resistance to synthetic drugs by the helminths and or high cost of commercially produced anthelmintics and their resultant side effects than the treatment efficacy in the host. Helminthosis is a clinical condition that represents one of the commonly encountered and most important diseases in ruminant farming. This clinical condition is aggravated by indiscriminate use of anthelmintics in an attempt to control the infection, thereby causing resistance of the parasitic helminths to synthetic drugs. This has led to the screening of plant extracts for their anthelmintic properties thereby serving as alternative strategies against gastrointestinal parasitic resistance. However, eighty percent of the world populations use natural plant compounds as anthelmintics for treatment of parasitic infections. Hence, the folkloric claims of the anthelmintic properties of plants extracts for the treatment of helminthes is necessarily important and of great interest. Therefore, this review unveils previous pharmacological and preliminary studies on plants as anthelmintics able to reduce helmintic infections and overcoming helminth parasite resistance.
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Anwar M. Lazm, Noor A.M. ajeel, and Alaa Saadi Abbood. "A survey study on the relationship between helminthes infection and other microorganism infection." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 508–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.2.0825.
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Parasitic helminthes infections take place mostly in regions where exposure to other pathogens is as well prevalent. A parasitic worm infestation may encourage infection with another microbe. There are many hypotheses and evidence for how this is done First, helminths naturally encourage a T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) immune response, relating cytokines for example interleukin IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. seacond in cooperation Th2 and Treg responses have been proposed to decline the generation of protective Th1 or Th17 immunity against bacterial or viral pathogens. Third helminth-modified intestinal metabolism promotes susceptibility to microbe coinfection. This search summarizes our recent understanding in what way the host’s immune response to infection with various kinds of parasitic worm affect susceptibility to predisposition to infection with further microbes.
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Zaman, Rimi Farhana, Ameena Khatun, Shahela Alam, Farhana Muznebin, and Hamida Khanum. "Comparative incidence of Helminth parasites in domestic fowl, white leg horne, layer and cock." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 44, no. 2 (June 13, 2017): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v44i2.32764.
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Investigation on gastrointestinal helminths was conducted on 20 domestic fowl, 20 white leghorn, 20 layer and 20 cock of Dhaka city. Six species of helminth belonging to trematode, cestode and nematode were found to infect the different parts of alimentary canal of domestic fowl. The prevalence of helminths in domestic fowl were as follows: Catatropis verrucosa (25%), Amoebotaenia sphenoides (10%), Hymenolepis cantaniana (35%), Rallietina echinobothrida (55%), Ascardia galli (70%) and Heterakis gallinarum (30%) whereas, in white leghorn the prevalence of Rallietina echinobothrida (20%) and Ascardia galli (35%) were recorded. In layer, higher prevalence of Rallietina echinobothrida (55%) and Ascardia galli (60%) were recorded; in cock the prevalence of specific helminthes were as follows: Hymenolepis cantaniana (10%), Rallietina echinobothrida (40%), Cotugnia digonopora (20%), Ascardia galli (60%) and Heterakis gallinarum (25%). Along with the prevalence and intensity of infestation of different species of parasites, intensity were also recorded. Highest number of parasites were collected from intestine.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(2): 245-254, 2016
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Nava-Castro, Karen, Romel Hernández-Bello, Saé Muñiz-Hernández, Galileo Escobedo, and Jorge Morales-Montor. "New Method to Disaggregate and Analyze Single Isolated Helminthes Cells Using Flow Cytometry: Proof of Concept." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/257060.
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In parasitology, particularly in helminthes studies, several methods have been used to look for the expression of specific molecules, such as RT-PCR, western blot, 2D-electrophoresis, and microscopy, among others. However, these methods require homogenization of the whole helminth parasite, preventing evaluation of individual cells or specific cell types in a given parasite tissue or organ. Also, the extremely high interaction between helminthes and host cells (particularly immune cells) is an important point to be considered. It is really hard to obtain fresh parasites without host cell contamination. Then, it becomes crucial to determine that the analyzed proteins are exclusively from parasitic origin, and not a consequence of host cell contamination. Flow cytometry is a fluorescence-based technique used to evaluate the expression of extra-and intracellular proteins in different type cells, including protozoan parasites. It also allows the isolation and recovery of single-cell populations. Here, we describe a method to isolate and obtain purified helminthes cells.
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Wang, Hanyang. "Zoonotic Helminths and Their Influences on Humans." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 11 (August 23, 2022): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v11i.1388.
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Zoonotic helminths are big health concerns for both human and animals. Such concerns are brought to attention only after Centres for Diseases Control and Prevention decided to categorize a few helminth-related infection as Neglected Tropical Disease. Over the years, researchers were only able to study the more prevalent zoonotic helminths due to the large variety of the species. However, as more and more people start to pay attention to helminths disease, more species have been found parasitic to human. Helminthes have been generally classified into three basic groups: Flukes (trematodes), Tapeworms (Cestodes), and Roundworms (Nematodes). According to the existing medical technology, although helminths are not fatal to human if properly treated, current medical treatment cannot grant complete immunity to both the parasites and the infection. There are still a large number of people in the world are infected. In fact, parasitic helminths have infected roughly 16% of the global population. In order to treat helminths more effectively, the focus has been shifted from traditional medication to molecular treatment and general genome manipulation. This article summarized physiology of different types of helminths, and emphasized the importance of understanding helminths by elaborating on a few previous studies on the more commonly studied species. Moreover, this article discussed some area of interest that could be further researched in the future.
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Owhoeli, Ovutor, Kingsley Elele, and Lebari Barine Gboeloh. "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Exotic and Indigenous Goats Slaughtered in Selected Abattoirs in Port Harcourt, South-South, Nigeria." Chinese Journal of Biology 2014 (February 13, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/435913.
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A total of 213 faecal samples were collected from four abattoirs and households to determine the prevalence of helminthes infections in exotic and indigenous goats in Port Harcourt, South-South, Nigeria. The study revealed that out of 153 exotic goats (Red Sokoto) Capra hircus, 112 were infected with various species of gastrointestinal helminths; out of 60 indigenous goats (West African dwarf) Capra hircus, 49 were also infected with various types of gastrointestinal helminths. The formol-ether concentration method was used to analyse the specimens. The study revealed that an overall prevalence of (75.5%) was recorded, out of which 57 (76.0%), 55 (70.5%), and 49 (81.6%) were recorded for exotic goat in the months of May–September, 2010, exotic goat in the months October 2010–February, 2011 and for indigenous goats, respectively. The overall prevalence amongst the infected animals was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Species of helminthes revealed from the study were, Haemonchus, Strongyloides, Chabertia, Trichuris, Ostertagia, Bunostomum, Trichostrongyloida, Ascaris, Tenia, Avitelina, Fasciola, Eurytrema, Gastrothylax, Schistosoma, and Dicrocoelium.
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Akter, Tamanna, Sharmin Musa, and Hamida Khanum. "Occurrence of protozoa and soil transmitted helminth (STH) in human feces used as manure in agriculture." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v24i2.46322.
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To assess the health risk association of soil contamination with parasite, a total number of 168 faecally contaminated night soil was studied. The presence of four protozoan parasites, viz. Cryptosporidium sp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia sp., Trichomonas hominis and eight different helminthes, viz. Diphyllobothrium latum, Hymenolepis sp., Taenia sp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercolaris and Trichuris trichiura were identified. Among the protozoans, Giardia sp. was the highest (46.43%) and most abundant (339.87 ± 17.01 cysts/g); among helminthes the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was the highest (80.95%) and Strongyloides stercoralis was mostly abundant (409.31 ± 47.53 larvae/g). Highest percentage of mild infections was found in Giardia sp. (43.45), and lowest in Trichomonas hominis (8.33). Whereas, among helminthes, highest percentage (64.29), of mild infections was found in Ascaris lumbricoides and lowest (11.90) in Taenia. In case of protozoa, moderate infection found in Giardia sp. (2.98%) and Entamoeba histolytica (3.57%), but in case of helminth only Ascaris lumbricoides showed moderate infections (16.67%).
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 24(2): 161-168, 2015 (July)
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Kuchboev, A., and B. Soatov. "Fish helminths in reservoirs of the Zarafshan river." BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES OF KAZAKHSTAN 4 (December 2021): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52301/1684-940x-2021-4-32-.
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The results of the study of the helminth fauna of 8 species fish of the lower reaches reservoirs of the Zarafshan River are presented - carp (Cyprinus carpio), crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), roach (Rutilus rutilus), oriental bream (Abramis brama), pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), pike (Esox lucius), Turkestan barbel (Barbus capito conocephalus). 27 species of helminths were identified, including 12 species of cestodes (Caryophyllaeus laticeps Pallas, 1781; Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps Annenkova - Chlopina, 1919; Biacetabulum appendiculatum Szidat, 1937; Khawia sinensis Hsu, 1935; Bathybothrium rectangulum Bloch, 1782; Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis Yamaguti, 1934; Ligula intestinalis Linnaeus, 1758 larvae; Digramma interupta Rudolphi, 1810 larvae; Proteocephalus torulosus Batsch, 1786; Neogryporhynchus cheilanoristrotus Wedl, 1855 larvae; Gryporhynchus pusillus von Nordman, 1832 larvae; Valipora campylancristrota Rudolphi, 1819 larvae), 5 species of trematodes (Sanguinicola inermis Plehn, 1905; Orientocreadium siluri Bychowsky et Dubinina, 1954; Allocreadium isoporum Looss, 1894; Diplostomum spathaceum Rudolvae, 1832 lare; (Dioctophyme renale Goeze, 1782 larvae; Rhabdochona denudata Dujardin, 1845; Desmidocercella numidica Seurat, 1920 larvae; Camallanus truncatus Rudolphi, 1814; Camallanus lacustris Zoega, 1776; Philometra ovatachenko Zeder, 1803; 1779 larvae) and 2 species of acanthocephalus (Pomphorhynchus laevis Muller, 1776; Acantocephalus lucii Muller, 1776). This work includes the results of the research of the helminthes of the fish of waterbodies in the lowers of the Zarafshan River. As a result, the infection of fish with 27 species of helminthes, belonging to cestodes (12), trematodes (5), nematodes (8), and acanthocephalans (2) was established.
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Tripathi, Rabindra Prasad, and Janak Raj Subedi. "Seasonal Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Helminth Parasites of Goats (Capra Sp.) of Shivraj Municipality-13 Kapilvastu, Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Zoology 3, no. 1 (November 25, 2015): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njz.v3i1.30868.
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Goat (Capra sp.), an important source of meat is greatly affected by the helminth parasites. The current study aimed to determine the seasonal prevalence of intestinal helminthes parasites using sedimentation and flotation techniques. The overall prevalence of helminthes parasite found to be 58 (54.71%) and 86 (81.13%) for the winter and summer respectively. Fecal samples collected during winter season revealed the presence of trematodes (12.26%), cestodes (6.66%), and nematodes (35.84%) and other 6.31%. Similarly the fecal samples collected during summer season revealed presence of helminth eggs including trematodes (17.92%), cestodes (10.37%) and nematodes (52.83%) nematodes. The prevalence percentages of identified genera of trematodes were Dicrocoelium sp. (3.47%), Fasciola sp. (15.97%) and Paramphistomum sp. (2.77%). The difference in the prevalence of different genera of trematodes during winter and summer were not found statistically insignificant (χ2= 1.325, p 0.250). Among cestodes the only one genus identified with were Moniezia sp. (2.77%) and Taenia sp. (9.72%). The difference in the prevalence of different genera of cestodes during winter and summer were not found statistically insignificant (χ2= 2.186, p 0.139).
Similarly the identified nematode genera included Toxocara sp. (16.66%), Strongyl sp. (1.38%), Bunostomum (2.77%), Capillaria (4.86%), Chabertia (4.16%), Cooperia (2.08%), Heamonchus (3.47%), Oesophagostomum (8.33%), Nematodirus (0.69%), Ostertagia (1.38%), Strongyloides (6.25%), Trichuris (5.55%), Trichostrongylus (4.86%) and others (4.86%). Mixed infection was observed in out of a total of 134 (63.20%) mixed infection 54 (50.94%) and 80 (75.47%) samples showed helminthes eggs during winter and summer season were respectively detected. The difference in the prevalence of helminth parasites during winter and summer seasons were found statistically significant (χ2=6.193, P<0.013, d. f. = 1)
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Zvegintsova, N. S., M. Yu Treus, and T. A. Kuzmina. "Helminths of saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica L.) in the “Askania Nova” Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine." Helminthologia 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2015-0036.
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Abstract Analysis of the species composition and community structure of helminths in saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) was performed using multi-year (1979-2013) data collected from the “Askania Nova” Biosphere Reserve, Ukraine. During this period, 31 saiga antelopes of different ages (7 calves, 24 adults) were examined; totally, more then 63,900 helminth specimens were collected and identified by morphological criteria. Levels of saiga infection by nematodes were from 39 to 671 EPG (207±132 SD); seasonal fluctuations in saiga infections were insignificant (Mann-Whitney test; p>0.05).Nineteen helminth species were found in saigas in the “Askania Nova”: 3 species of Cestoda (Avitellina centripunctata, Moniezia expansa and Taenia hydatigena) and 16 species of Nematoda (Chabertia ovina, Haemonchus contortus, Marshallagia marshalli, Cooperia oncophora, Camelostrongylus mentulatus, Aonchotheca bovis, Skrjabinema ovis, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. probolorus, Ostertagia ostertagi, O. circumcincta, O. trifurcata, Nematodirus spp., Trichurus ovis). From 2 to 13 species per one host were observed. Nematodes dominated within the parasite community and composed more then 99 % of the total helminths found. Significant differences were found in helminth diversity between young and adult saigas (p<0.05). Prevalence- frequency distribution revealed multimodal structure of helminth community with dominant, subdominant, background and rare species. The highest number of helminthes (14 species and 50 % of the total amount) inhabited the small intestine; 11 species (45 %) were found in the abomasum and 9 species (5 %) in the large intestine. The Bray-Curtis cluster analysis revealed significant differences within the helminth communities in saigas from the “Askania Nova” Biosphere Reserve and saigas from Kazakhstan, Dagestan and Kalmykia.
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Amissah-Reynolds, Papa Kofi, Isaac Monney, Lucy Mawusi Adowah, and Samuel Opoku Agyemang. "Prevalence of Helminths in Dogs and Owners’ Awareness of Zoonotic Diseases in Mampong, Ashanti, Ghana." Journal of Parasitology Research 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1715924.
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Dogs are popular pets that live closely with humans. However, this cohabitation allows for the transmission of zoonotic parasites to humans. In Ghana, very little is known about zoonotic parasites in dogs. We examined excrements of 154 dogs for intestinal helminthes using saturated sodium chloride as a floatation medium and further interviewed 100 dog owners regarding knowledge on zoonosis and pet management practices. Thirteen parasite species were identified, with an overall prevalence of 52.6%. Nematodes were more common than cestodes, withToxocara canisbeing the most prevalent helminth (18.8%). Age (p=0.011;χ2=9.034) and location (p=0.02;χ2=12.323) of dogs were significant risk factors of helminthic infections, while mode of housing, function, and gender of dogs were not. Knowledge on zoonosis and pet management practices were poor, including irregular deworming and feeding of animals off the bare ground. Dogs may play an active role in the transmission of zoonotic diseases in the area, given the cohabitation of infected dogs with humans; irregular deworming pattern of dogs; and rampant excretion of helminth-infested dog excreta into the environment.
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Sullivan, Brandon M., Davina Wu, Hong-Erh Liang, P'ng Loke, James H. McKerrow, David Voehringer, and Richard M. Locksley. "Tissue restricted activation of basophils mediates primary immunity against helminthes (79.22)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 79.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.79.22.
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Abstract CD4 T cells and the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 are required for primary immunity to helminthes and for allergic responses. Although T-helper-2 (Th2) cells are believed to provide protection, genetic deletion of IL-4/13 from CD4 T cells revealed that cytokines from innate cells mediate Nippostrongylus brasiliensis clearance and survival after Schistosoma mansoni infection. Basophils were the only IL-4-secreting innate cells identified. Basophils were recruited to numerous sites, but basophil cytokine secretion occurred only in affected tissues, and was independent of CD4 T cell-derived IL-4/13 and IgE. Depletion of basophils compromised the ability to expel intestinal helminthes. Thus, basophils serve as innate effector cells during primary helminth infection by secreting cytokines at sites of tissue involvement, a process amplified during adaptive immunity by IgE through IL-4-mediated T cell help.
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Baruadi, Fatrawaty, Laksmyn Kadir, and Adnan Malaha. "IDENTIFICATION OF WORM SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHES VEGETABLES IN THE HOUSE EATING TELAGA REGION GORONTALO DISTRICT." Journal of Health, Technology and Science (JHTS) 2, no. 3 (March 20, 2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47918/jhts.v2i3.200.
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Worms is a health problem that is still widely found throughout the world. Based on data from (WHO), more than 1.5 billion people or 24% of the population are infected with Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH), Soil Transmitted Helminthes is a group of parasitic worms (Nematode class) that can causes infection in humans through contact with eggs or parasite larvae that develop in moist soil, one type of vegetable that is often contaminated by Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) is cabbage, cabbage (Brassica olerecea) is a vegetable that is generally consumed raw because it is seen from the the texture and organoleptic of this vegetable allows it to be used as fresh vegetables. The purpose of this study was to identify the eggs of Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) worms in cabbage at the Telaga Regional Restaurant, Gorontalo District.
Using the sedimentation method, this research is a quantitative descriptive study with a total sample of 15, using a microscope then the data is presented in tabular form and reported in percentage form using the frequency distribution formula.
The results showed that from 15 samples of cabbage that were examined 1 was positive with a percentage rate of 6.67%. It is hoped that the community, especially cabbage vegetable farmers and sellers of fresh vegetables, can improve the hygiene and cleanliness of vegetables (fresh vegetables) so that they are free from microorganisms, especially STH eggs, so that the prevention of worm infection can be done.
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Efremova, E. A., V. A. Marchenko, and M. A. Smertina. "Distribution of helminths of the gastrointestinal tract of horses in Central Altai." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 52, no. 5 (December 1, 2022): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2022-5-11.
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The results of the studies (2021, 2022) on the spread of helminth infectious agents in horse breeding farms are presented. Parasitic worms of two classes Nematoda and Cestoda participate in the formation of the helminthic complex of Central Altai animals. Nematodes of two suborders Strongylata and Ascaridata (Parascaris equorum) were recorded. Two species Anoplocephalaperfoliata and Paranoplocephalamamillana were identified in cestodes represented by the tapeworms of suborder Anoplocephalata. In the province (87.8%) and in some administrative districts, infestation of whole-hoofed animals with gastrointestinal strongylates is much higher than infection with helminthes of suborder Ascaridata (14.1%) and cestodes of suborder Anoplocephalata (10.9%). Nematodes of suborder Strongylata play the main role in forming the nosological profile of intestinal helminth infections. Strongylates form the core of the helminthocomplex of the digestive system, and the infestation of whole-hoofed animals with them and their share in the structure of the helminthocomplex both in the province and in individual administrative districts is the highest. The values of IP (invasion prevalence) and PCI (parasite complex index) of strongyloides vary by administrative regions from 53,3 and 69,1% to 95,2 and 80,8%, respectively, and amount to 87,8 and 77,8% on average in the Central Altai. It was found that in most areas, the infestation of whole-hoofed animals with helminths of the digestive system in general and nematodes of suborder Strongylata differs insignificantly. Infestation of whole-hoofed animals by Parascaris equorum and cestodes of suborder Anoplocephalata is registered in the region at 14,1 and 10,9% with PCI 12,5 and 9,7 respectively, which is 6-8 times lower than analogous indices for strongylatosis of animals. Reliable direct correlation between the release of strongylate eggs into the external environment and the index of animal infestation was established. The number of propagative forms released into the environment increases with increasing values of animal infestation with strongylates.
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Rafi, Wasiulla, Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Jerrold J. Ellner, and Padmini Salgame. "‘Coinfection-helminthes and tuberculosis’." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 7, no. 3 (May 2012): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0b013e3283524dc5.
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Klotz, F. "L'endoscopiste et les helminthes." Acta Endoscopica 29, no. 5 (October 1999): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03022176.
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Werneck, M. R., and R. J. Da Silva. "Checklist of sea turtles endohelminth in Neotropical region." Helminthologia 53, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2016-0045.
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SummaryThis paper presents a list of parasites described in sea turtles from the Neotropical region. Through the review of literature the occurrence of 79 taxa of helminthes parasites were observed, mostly consisting of the Phylum Platyhelminthes with 76 species distributed in 14 families and 2 families of the Phylum Nematoda within 3 species. Regarding the parasite records, the most studied host was the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) followed by the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Overall helminths were reported in 12 countries and in the Caribbean Sea region. This checklist is the largest compilation of data on helminths found in sea turtles in the Neotropical region.
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Aemiro, Aleka, Sisay Menkir, Dires Tegen, and Gedam Tola. "Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthes and Associated Risk Factors Among People of Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment 15 (January 2022): 117863372110554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786337211055437.
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Background: A Soil-transmitted helminthic infection (STHIs) remains a notable health problem in resource-limited countries. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall prevalence of STH infections in Ethiopia. Methods: Articles written in English were searched from online public databases. Searching terms taken separately and jointly were “prevalence,” “soil-transmitted helminths” “nematode,” “Geo-helminths,” “roundworm,” “Necator,” “Ancylostoma,” “Ascaris,” “Trichuris,” “hookworm,” “whipworm,” “ S. strecoralies,” “associated factors,” and “Ethiopia.” We used STATA version 14 for meta-analysis and Cochran’s Q test statistics and the I2 test for heterogeneity. Result: From 297 reviewed articles 41 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of STH infections in Ethiopia was 36.78% Ascaris lumbricoides had the highest pooled prevalence 17.63%, followed by hook worm12.35%. Trichuris trichiura 7.24% when the prevalence of S. strecoralies was 2.16% (95% CI: 0.97-3.35). Age, sex, residence, family education level, lack of shoe wearing habits and open defecation were identified as risk factors for STH infection. Eating unwashed and uncooked fruit and vegetables increased the risk of STH infection by 1.88 times while untrimmed finger nail and lack of hand washing habits increase the risk of STH infection by 1.28 and 3.16 times respectively with 95% CI. Limitation: Lack of published studies from Afar, Gambela, Somali, and Benshangul gumuz regions may affect the true picture. The other limitation is that the search strategy will be restricted articles published only in the English language but there might be articles that published using another language. Conclusion: Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms and Trichuris trichiura, are the most prevalent soil-transmitted helminthes infections in Ethiopia. Age, sex, residence, family education level, lack of shoe wearing habits Open defecation untrimmed finger nail and lack of hand washing habits significantly associated with STH infection. When eating unwashed, uncooked fruit and vegetables were not significantly associated with STH infection. Strategic use of anti-helminthic, health education, and adequate sanitation, taking into account this epidemiologic information is helpful in the control of STH infections in Ethiopia.
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Yolazenia, Yolazenia, Suri Dwi Lesmana, and Lilly Haslinda. "Infestasi Cacing Usus dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya pada Anak yang Tinggal di Daerah Aliran Sungai Siak Kelurahan Pesisir Kecamatan Lima Puluh Pekanbaru." Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran 4, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26891/jik.v4i1.2010.14-19.
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Children living around river have higher risk to get helminthes infection. The aim of this study was to determine theprevalence and intensity of helminthes infection and its risk factors for children living around Siak River in KelurahanPesisir, Kecamatan Limapuluh, Pekanbaru. A cross-sectional study conducted in September to November 2008, and 65children participated. Stool were examined using the Kato-Katz technique and the intensity of infections was categorizedinto: light, moderate, or heavy. The parent of children was asked to fill the questionnaire. We found that 36,9%subjects were infected by intestinal helminthes. The most common infection was A.lumbricoides and T.trichiura. Mostof the subjects had light intensity of infection. There were no correlations between the habits of using river as: sourceof drinking water, place to defecate, place to take a bath and brush teeth, place to wash vegetables and kitchen tools,and the flood with helminthes infection.
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Bari, SM, SMI Khalil, MAA Mamun, MJ Islam, MA Baten, and MM Hossain. "Seasonal Variation in Population Dynamics of Helminth Parasites in Clarias batrachus from Natural wetlands of Sylhet, Bangladesh." International Journal of Natural Sciences 5, no. 2 (July 31, 2016): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v5i2.28617.
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A year round field investigations were conducted with the aim to examine the seasonal variation in population dynamics of helminth parasites in Clarias batrachus from different natural aquatic habitat of north-eastern region of Bangladesh, Sylhet. This article summarizes the percentage of prevalence, mean intensity, abundance and index of infestation of helminth parasites in the C. batrachus during different months and seasons of the year in accordance with temperature, humidity and rainfall. The investigation period were categorized into four seasons i.e. pre-monsoon (February-April), monsoon (May-July), post-monsoon (August- October) and winter (November- January). A total 180 C. batrachus host individuals were examined and among them 139 (67.87%) specimens were found to be infested with 2205 individuals of parasites of three different groups namely trematode, cestode and nematode. Almost (100%) prevalence of helminth infestation were recorded from both male and female C. batrachus during the winter (Nov-Jan), followed by (Feb-April) pre-monsoon (66.67-86.67%) and (Aug-Sep) post-monsoon (66.67-80.00%) while lowest (53.33-60.00%) in monsoon or rainy season (May-July). Lower range of environmental temperature (21.0525.050C), associated with moderate humidity (62.00-64.00%) and scarcity of rainfall increases the intensity of helminthes parasitic infestation in C. batrachus. In consistent to this, with the gradual increasing in ambient temperature (28.01- 30.010C) and humidity (75.00-89.00%) associated with moderate rainfall (33.40-790.90 mm) declining the intensity of helminthes infestation in C. batrachus of the study area.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(2) 86-89
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Ravindran, Vivek B., Sarvesh K. Soni, and Andrew S. Ball. "A Review on the Current Knowledge and Prospects for the Development of Improved Detection Methods for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Ova for the Safe Reuse of Wastewater and Mitigation of Public Health Risks." Water 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061212.
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Climate change, increase in population and scarcity of freshwater have led to a global demand for wastewater reuse in irrigation. However, wastewater has to be treated in order to minimize the presence of pathogens, in particular, the ova of soil-transmitted helminthes (STHs). Limiting the transmission via removal of STH ova, accurate assessment of risks and minimizing the exposure to the public have been recommended by health regulators. The World Health Organization (WHO) guideline specifies a limit of ≤1 ova/L for safe wastewater reuse. Additionally, the Australian Guidelines for Water recycling (AGWR) recommend a hydraulic retention time of over 25 days in a lagoon or stabilization pond to ensure a 4 log reduction value of helminth ova and to mitigate soil-transmitted helminths associated risks to humans. However, the lack of fast and sensitive methods for assessing the concentration of STH ova in wastewater poses a considerable challenge for an accurate risk assessment. Consequently, it has been difficult to control soil-transmitted helminthiasis despite effective mass drug administration. This limitation can be overcome with the advent of novel techniques for the detection of helminth ova. Therefore, this review presents an assessment of the current methods to detect the viable ova of soil-transmitted helminths in wastewater. Furthermore, the review focuses on the perspectives for the emerging state-of-the-art research and developments that have the potential to replace currently available conventional and polymerase chain reaction based methods and achieve the guidelines of the WHO in order to allow the safe reuse of wastewater for non-potable applications, thereby minimizing public health risks.
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Montoya-Mendoza, Jesús, Gilberto Muñoz-Nieto, Sergio Cházaro-Olvera, Edgar F. Mendoza-Franco, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso, and María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez. "Parasitic helminths infecting Eucinostomus melanopterus and Eugerres plumieri (Perciformes: Gerreidae), from Boca del Rio, Veracruz, México." Acta Biológica Colombiana 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v25n1.78363.
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A helminthological examination was carried out on 14 specimens of Eucinostomus melanopterus (flagfin mojarra) and 19 Eugerres plumieri (striped mojarra), of which a total of 461 helminths were collected. As a result, and 12 taxa were registered (five species, five genus and tow family), as follows: four monogeneans, five digeneans (four adults, one metacercaria), one cestode (larva) and tow nematodes (larvae). The highest prevalence was for Neodiplectanum mexicanum (29 %) infecting E. melanopterus and Aristocleidus hastatus (37 %) infecting E. plumieri. Both hosts shared 50 % of recorded species, and none of the identified helminthes represents a zoonotic risk.
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Abirova, I. M., N. Zh Eleugaliyeva, G. K. Zhumagaliyeva, and M. G. Gusmanov. "Helminthofauna of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) and korsak (Vulpes corsac)." BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES OF KAZAKHSTAN 3 (September 2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52301/1684-940x-2021-3-28-35.
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For humans and domestic animals, parasites of wild animals can pose a threat to health, and even life. In this regard, it is important to establish the pathways of circulation of pathogens of dangerous helminthiasis, to identify the nature of the focus and the role of wild animals in this process, since these data serve as the basis for the development of anti-parasite measures. The study of parasitic organisms of wild animals is of great importance for science and practice. In natural biocenosis, one of their joints is parasitic species, which, on the one hand, are involved in the regulation of the host population; on the other hand, they prevent the introduction and spread of new species related to the host, i.e. participate in ensuring homeostasis of biocenosis. Parasitizing in various hosts, both definitive and intermediate, helminthes can determine the number and distribution over the territory not only of these hosts, but also of other animal species associated with these hosts by trophic and other connections. The foregoing determines the relevance of the problem of studying the fauna of helminthes of wild animals in the West Kazakhstan region, which is currently under-researched. The species composition of helminthes of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the korsak (Vulpes corsac) in the territory of the West-Kazakhstan region region was explored. In most cases, the invasion was recorded in an associative form. Some helminthes cause serious diseases in humans and farm animals. As a result of our research, we identified 6 species of intestinal helminthes in the common fox, two of which (Alveococcus multilocularis, Toxocara canis) have epidemiological significance. In korsak, 3 types of helminthes were identified at the autopsy before the species.
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Pospekhov, V. V. "Helminth fauna of spawning pacific herring <i>Clupea pallasii</i> from the Taui population (Tauiskaya Guba Bay, Okhotsk Sea)." Izvestiya TINRO 201, no. 3 (October 6, 2021): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2021-201-662-668.
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Parasites of spawning pacific herring (Clupea pallasii Valenciennes in Cuvier et Valenciennes, 1947) from the Taui population are explored on the samples caught on two spawning grounds located in the Ola lagoon and Amakhton Bay (Tauiskaya Guba Bay, Okhotsk Sea), and 17 species of helminthes are found, including 6 trematodes, 5 cestodes, 4 nematodes, and 2 acanthocephalans. Some differences in species composition of helminthes and their infestation were found between these estuarine and marine spawning grounds. In the Ola lagoon, 16 species of helminthes were identified, including 5 species of cestodes, whereas only 13 species of helminthes, including 3 species of cestodes, were found in the Amakhton Bay. The Taui population of herring is distinguished from the Okhotsk and Gizhiga-Kamchatka populations by presence of nematodes Hysterothylacium aduncum, l, and Ascorophis pacificus with rather high rates of invasion (occurence = 52.9 %; mean abundance = 4.16) and trematode Bucephaloides spp. On the other hand, the herring from the Taui population has common dangerous parasites with other populations in the Okhotsk Sea, as trematode Brachyphallus crenatus and nematode Anisakis spp. (larvae), with high degree of infestation.
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Gebreegziabher, Hailekiros, Hailu Degefu, and Assefa Kebede Tsegay. "Prevalence of Internal Helminth Parasites of Fish in Gilgel-Gibe River and Three Selected Ponds in and Around Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia." Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 20, no. 9 (June 29, 2020): 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v20_9_04.
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In the current study, 308 Oreochromis niloticus and 76 Barbus species were subjected to standard postmortem and parasitological examinations. Of them, 30.9% of fish harbored at least one or more helminth parasites in their kidney, pericardial and brachial cavity. Parasite genera identified were Contracaecum (18.5%) Clinostomum (6.5%) and Euclinostomum (3.9%). The overall prevalence in O. niloticus was 38.6% but no parasite was identified in Barbus species. Despite higher prevalence was recorded in O. niloticus collected from Seka-Chekorsa pond (57.1%) and the least from Furustale ponds (30.9%), there was no statistical significance variation (P>0.05) among fishes collected from different ponds and Gilgel-Gibe River. Statistically significant differences were recorded among the different age groups of O. niloticus (χ2 = 12.1, Df= 3; P<0.05), with high prevalence in fingerlings (55.5%) and juvenile (53.1%) as compared to young (36.5%) and adult fish (29.4%). In conclusion, fish parasitism constitutes a huge health threat to O. niloticus. Lastly, the current study revealed that Barbus species showed some resistance for parasitic helminthes at least identified in this study. Therefore, detailed study in Barbus immunity against the mentioned helminthes and awareness creation on the overall fish management is recommended.
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Riaz, Muhammad, Nosheen Aslam, Rida Zainab, Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Ghulam Rasool, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Daniyal, and Muhammad Akram. "Prevalence, risk factors, challenges, and the currently available diagnostic tools for the determination of helminths infections in human." European Journal of Inflammation 18 (January 2020): 205873922095991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058739220959915.
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Soil transmitted helminthes (STH) are among the major public health issues in tropical and sub-tropical countries infecting more than 2 billion humans worldwide. STH causes considerable morbidity in children, affecting their cognitive development and physical growth. Endemic areas with poor sanitation and limited access to good quality water supply have the highest burden of STH infection. Various approaches to reduce and control the worm infections include the intermittent deworming of children with anti-helminthic drugs. Individual patient management and population based studies can only be successful upon using the diagnostic techniques with high accuracy. The lack of reliable tools for the provision of correct diagnostic results about the status and intensity of infection is a major challenge, as these factors varies considerably in areas of low infection intensities. The techniques currently available for the diagnosis of parasitic infections show limited specificity and sensitivity and as such several techniques in combination are normally used in diagnosing the variety of parasite species infection. This review article was planned to study the prevalence, risk factors, and the available diagnostic techniques for soil and water transmitted helminthes infections in humans. This article also discussed the challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and management of worm infections particularly helminthes. The articles available online on important portals like google scholar, PubMed, Digital Libraries, PakMediNet, Science direct, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) were searched for inclusion of the data in this review study. Duplicate studies and irrelevant reports describing the general aspects of parasite infections were excluded. This review study provides a comprehensive report on the prevalence, accurate diagnostic, and chemotherapeutic protocols to reduce the burden of worms infections. WHO suggests the chemotherapy for worm infections as feasible and cost effective strategy in schools due to the lack of proper policy for the prevention of intestinal worms.
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Savina, K. A., A. V. Kosarev, A. N. Mikerov, and Yu A. Pankratova. "Dynamics of the parasitological state of drinking water sources of the population in the conditions of climate aridization." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2208-03.
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This paper analyzes the parasitological state of natural water bodies — rivers, lakes, springs, wells, as sources of drinking water supply, according to the content of round and flat helminthes. It is shown that climate aridization, which has been taking place in recent decades, causes, first of all, a decrease in the hygienic safety of surface water sources and an increase in the number of some helminth eggs in them, in particular, cestodes, which is associated with an increase in the average annual temperature under conditions of climate aridization. The water of surface water sources has an unfavorable parasitological composition in the presence of helminth eggs in the invasive and non-invasive stages of the life cycle. Reservoirs of the middle and southern latitudes are untidy from the point of view of the parasitological background in terms of the content of helminths. Contamination of water supply sources by eggs and larvae of parasitic worms in arid regions is confirmed by the morbidity of the local population. In the article, we noted various topical methods of preventing specific parasitic diseases — medical examinations of the population, parasitological studies of drinking water, parasitological control of raw materials and fish products, hygienic education and medical examination of the population for the purpose of early active detection of the infected. The presented up-to-date information on the results of sanitary and parasitological studies of environmental objects in different regions of Russia showed that the greatest contamination of round and flat helminths with eggs is characteristic of the southern regions. The example of the Saratov region shows the change of the fauna of endoparasites from humid to subarid and arid regions — nematodes are represented in the Right Bank of the region, and cestodes (Echinococcus) in the Left Bank. Cestodes are most characteristic of an arid climate.
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Oganesyan and Rukhkyan. "STUDY OF FISH HELMINTHS SPECIES COMPOSITION IN THE MIDDLE STREAM OF HRAZDAN RIVER, ARMENIA." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.433-437.
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The ichthyogelminthofauna of the Hrazdan River has been little studied. The aim of the work was to identify the species composition of helminths of fish in the middle course of the river Hrazdan. The study of the helminthofauna of river fishes is of scientific and practical interest, especially in view of the increasing anthropogenic pressure in this region. In 2018, 86 specimens of fish of 6 species from Cyprinidae family were examined from the middle course of the river using the generally accepted method of parasitological autopsies. The overall invasiveness of the fish with helminths was 36%. In fish, monogenes, trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes were identified. 8 species of helminths were recorded. They were localized in the lens of the eyes, on the gills, in the body cavity and in the intestines of fish. In the fauna of fish helminths, biohelmints of 7 species dominate. Of these, metacercaria diplop and plerocercoids ligul are more common. 5 types of worms are generalists. 5 species are allogeneic, 3 species - autogenous. The impoverishment of the species composition of fish helminths is obviously a consequence of the impact of negative anthropogenic factors. The ichthyofauna of the Hrazdan River is different at different sites. In the lower reaches of the river, it is represented by more than 30 species, including the silver carp, the eastern swift fish, the Kura barbel, the Sevan temple, the Angora goletsir. Upstream, the species composition of fish is declining: only a few species are recorded — the silver carp, the Sevan temple, the eastern swift fish, the Kura barbel, etc. (Pipoyan, 2012). The helminthofauna of the Hrazdan river fish is little studied. The literature contains isolated data from the 1980s: in a survey of 22 specimens of crucian carp metacercariae by diplopost with up to 100% invasion were detected, plerocercoids liguli botriocephalus (Vartanyan, 1993). In 2016, the helminth fauna of fish in the upper reaches of the Hrazdan River was studied: 8 species of helminthes were found, the fish invasion was 37% (Oganesyan, Rukhkyan, 2018).
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Trap, Catherine, and Pascal Boireau. "Les prot�ases chez les helminthes." Veterinary Research 31, no. 5 (September 2000): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2000132.
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Laclotte, C., A. Oussalah, P. Rey, M. Bensenane, N. Pluvinage, J. B. Chevaux, I. Trouilloud, et al. "Helminthes et maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales." Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 32, no. 12 (December 2008): 1064–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gcb.2008.04.030.
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El-Tantawy, Nora L. "Helminthes and insects: maladies or therapies." Parasitology Research 114, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4260-7.
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Аль-Албуди and Mohammed Saleh Al-Aboody. "A cross-sectional of Gastro-Intestinal Helminthes of Ruminants by Coprological Examination." Russian Journal of Parasitology 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2016): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23076.
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In the present study 442 Fecal samples from cattle, buffaloes, and sheep for contamination with helminthes. Samples were examined from 171 cattle, 128 buffaloes, and 143 sheep. The testing, during the period from May 2014 to April 2015, showed that 81 out of 171cattle were positive for helminthes infection (47.3%), with the rate of infection higher in females (55%) than in males (40%). In buffaloes, 41 of 128 tested were positive, a 32% rate of infection. Again, the infection rate was higher in females (47%) than in males (22%). In sheep, the rate of infection was highest of all three species. The results showed that, the infection rate among cattle were 50.3% and Trichostrongyle species were the predominant parasites among both cattle and buffaloes. The prevalence rate was much higher in females than males. Regarding seasonal dynamics the highest infection rates with helminthes reported was in spring season.
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Salazar-Castañon, Víctor H., Martha Legorreta-Herrera, and Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa. "Helminth Parasites Alter Protection againstPlasmodiumInfection." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/913696.
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More than one-third of the world’s population is infected with one or more helminthic parasites. Helminth infections are prevalent throughout tropical and subtropical regions where malaria pathogens are transmitted. Malaria is the most widespread and deadliest parasitic disease. The severity of the disease is strongly related to parasite density and the host’s immune responses. Furthermore, coinfections between both parasites occur frequently. However, little is known regarding how concomitant infection with helminths andPlasmodiumaffects the host’s immune response. Helminthic infections are frequently massive, chronic, and strong inductors of a Th2-type response. This implies that infection by such parasites could alter the host’s susceptibility to subsequent infections byPlasmodium. There are a number of reports on the interactions between helminths andPlasmodium; in some, the burden ofPlasmodiumparasites increased, but others reported a reduction in the parasite. This review focuses on explaining many of these discrepancies regarding helminth-Plasmodiumcoinfections in terms of the effects that helminths have on the immune system. In particular, it focuses on helminth-induced immunosuppression and the effects of cytokines controlling polarization toward the Th1 or Th2 arms of the immune response.
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Ghimire, Gyanendra, Dipendra Pandeya, Binita Adhikari, and Manoj Pradhan. "Intestinal Parasitic Infections among School Children." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 13, no. 1 (July 19, 2015): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12994.
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Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections are endemic worldwide and constitute a major public health problem and considered as ‘cancers of developing countries. Nepal is small improvised country where 70.0% of morbidity and mortality are associated with infectious diseases. Giardiasis, ascariasis, amoebiasis, ancyclostomiasis and taeniasis are common intestinal parasitic infections in Nepal. Thus, in this paper we report the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among school going children of Eastern part of Nepal. Mathods: A total of 300 stool samples were collected from school children of Eastern part of Nepal in random basis. An informed consent was taken from both students and school teachers. The samples were examined for the presence of parasites both macroscopically and microscopically. Standard parasitological examination methods were followed. Results: Out of total 300 school going children included in the study, 195 were male and 105 were female. A total of 97 (29.1%) were positive for one or more parasites. Out of total parasites detected, 35 (36.1%) were protozoan, 39 (40.2%) were helminthes and 23(23.7%) were mixed type. Giardia intestinalis 30 (30.9%) and Hookworm 18 (18.6%) were the commonest protozoan and helminthes respectively. The other parasites detected were A. lumbricoides 15(15.5%), H. nana 6 (6.2%) and Entamoeba histolytica 5(5.2%). Multiple parasitism was detected in 23(23.7%) children. Conclusion: The incidence of intestinal parasite infection was 29%. The commonest infestation was Helminthe. Regular deworming program in association to other preventive measures may help reduce the prevalence.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12994
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Zdravković, Dragan, Jovana Kostić, Jelena Radović, Aleksandar Kostić, Milena Potić Floranović, Ana Ristić Petrović, Aleksandra Ignjatović, Aleksandar Tasić, Nataša Miladinović Tasić, and Suzana Otašević. "Immune Response in Infections Caused by Helminthes." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afmnai-2013-0002.
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Summary The first line of defence in parasitic infection is the innate immune system. On the other hand, adaptive immune system posseses numerous mechanisams of hummoral and cellular immunity. Cellular immunity in a helminth infection is characterised by Th2 immune response. Considering the fact that the aim of a parasite is not to kill its host, the majority of parasites are highly addapted to the life inside the host, and succesefully avoid or limit its deffences. A special signifficance of the parasite as a potential pathogen is its possibility to escape immunity. Numerous helminths are releasing different substances that are acting as lymphocyte suppressors and macrophage inactivators and they are capable of destroying antibodies. They have a possibility of camouflage, sequestration and surface shell peeling with the aim to avoid immune response. Latest research in the field of immunology has revealed the significance of CD40 co-stimumlating protein of antigen presenting cells in the immune response to parasitic infection. Immune response in the course of parasitic infestion is important in pathogenesis of helminthioses.
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Kouam, Marc K., and Fabrice D. Ngueguim. "Prevalence, Intensity, and Risk Factors for Helminth Infections in Pigs in Menoua, Western Highlands of Cameroon, with Some Data on Protozoa." Journal of Parasitology Research 2022 (May 10, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9151294.
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Helminthes affect satisfactory pig farming by causing poor growth rate and infertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of helminthes in pig production, as well as factors influencing their prevalence in Menoua, Western Highlands of Cameroon. Thus, 597 fecal samples from 100 farms of three production types (farrower, grower, and farrow-to-finish) were collected together with data on farmer and management characteristics. Samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Eggs of eight helminthes were identified: Hyostrongylus rubidus (81.10%, 50-550 epg), Strongyloides ransomi (34.5%, 50-150 epg), Trichostrongylus sp. (28.1%, 50-650 epg), Ascaris suum (11.6%, 50-200 epg), Metastrongylus sp. (10.4%, 50-250 epg), Oesophagostomum dentatum (5.7%, 50-150 epg), Trichuris suis (4.0%, 50-150 epg), and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (0.2%, 50-50 epg). The overall prevalence was 89.3% (533 out of 597). Single infestations were 30.2%, while mixed infestations were 59.1%. A. suum, S. ransomi, and strongyles (H. rubidus, Trichostrongylus sp., Metastrongylus sp., and O. dentatum) were found in almost all age groups but the prevalence of A. suum increased with the growing age to drop in older animals. H. rubidus was found in all farm types followed by S. ransomi in farrower and farrow-to-finish farms. The other parasites were present only in farrow-to-finish farms. Coccidia parasites were also found including Isospora suis (26.30%, 50-12500 oocysts per gram of feces (opg)) and Eimeria spp. (1.40%, 100-100 opg). The risk of infestation for some parasites was lower with increasing herd size, high education level of farmers, and in wooden piggeries and semipermanent structures. The infestation risk was higher for all the investigated parasites for pigs escaping the pens. The overall significance of these parasites on growth and reproduction of the naturally infested pigs deserve assessment. Necropsy studies to confirm the worm burden are needed. Risk factors were identified, thus paving the way to design successful helminth control in pig production enterprises.
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Elshahawy, I., A. Metwally, and D. Ibrahim. "An abattoir-based study on helminthes of slaughtered goats (Capra hircus L., 1758) in upper Egypt, Egypt." Helminthologia 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-014-0210-2.
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Abstract The present study describes the occurrence of various gastrointestinal helminths and liver flukes in goats from post mortem examinations performed between 2010 and 2011. Forty five adult goats were euthanized necropsy examination and for identification of adult gastrointestinal helminths and liver flukes. Eleven animals (24.44 %) were found to be infected with one or more species of gastrointestinal helminth. Haemonchus contortus emerged as the most prevalent species (15.5 %), with Moniezia expansa and Fasciola gigantica also being common (11.11 % and 4.4 %, respectively). Additionally, Haemonchus longistipes, Cysticercus tenuicollis, and Paramphistomum microbothrium were present at low infection rates (2.2 %). Mixed infections were similarly most prevalent. Haemonchus longistipes; the most pathogenic Strongyle nematode of camels was reported for the first time infecting goats in Egypt. The present study indicates that abattoir surveys would reveal the prevalence of various species of problematic helminths, and thus appropriate measures can be adopted to control the respective worms.
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Shehu, Hafsat M., M. M. Shah, and U. Sharif. "Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (helminth) found in the feces of some selected domestic birds, chickens (Gallus gallus) and pigeons (Columba livia domestica)." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 3, no. 4 (August 20, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i4.219.
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Domestic birds have significant contributory role in national economy and social world. In Kano, especially in rural areas farmers and agriculturists still depend economically on these animals. The study was conducted to find out various gastrointestinal parasites and their prevalence in domestic birds using Specimens processed through Sedimentation and Floatation method.The result shows that there is high rate of infection in pigeons. On the other hand a low rate of infection was observed in chickens. The helminthes found in the domestic birds were of five species: S. intercalatum, Paragonimus sp, H. nana, Taenia spp and S. stercoralis larva. This study indicated that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of helminths between pigeons and chickens. It indicated that pigeons are most affected among districts.
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Sofiana, Liena, and Suci Musvita Ayu. "Pocket Book to Enhance Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Prevention of Soil-transmitted Helmint." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v6i3.9065.
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<p>Indonesia, being a tropical area with high humidity, is a source of proliferation of worms. Soil-Transmitted Helminths infection is widespread in all rural and urban areas. Children who are infected usually experience lethargy, pallor or anemia, weight loss and listlessness, as well as decreasing their learning concentration and productivity. Prevention effort to reduce the incidence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths infection is conducted by providing the information on Soil-Transmitted Helminths infection. Health promotion cannot be separated from media because messages delivered through media can be more interesting and easier to understand. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a pocket book to increase preventive behavior for Soil-Transmitted Helminthes Infections. This type of research was a quasi-experimental study. The samples of this study were all elementary school infected students in grades 3, 4, and 5 with a package of interventions for the provision of a pocket book. The effectiveness of the pocket book is determined by using the t test. There are differences between the mean of knowledge and attitude, but the mean of behavior of Soil -Transmitted Helminths Infection before and after the pocket book is similar.</p>
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Aribodor, Ogechukwu B., Chinyere Angela Ekwunife, Olufemi S. Sammy-Wobo, and Dennis N. Aribodor. "Risk Factors and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Intestinal Helminthiasis among Children in Schools that Implemented the Homegrown School Feeding Program in Ekwulobia, Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria." International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health 2, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.53.
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Introduction: Control of intestinal helminthiasis among pupils improves their nutritional status. This study identified the risk factors and socio-demographic determinants of intestinal helminthiasis among children in primary schools that implemented Home Grown School Feeding Program (HGSFP) in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Methods: Eight hundred and forty-eight consented pupils from Primary (Elementary) classes 1-4 were examined from Community Primary School, Ekwulobia, 270 pupils; Central Primary School, Ekwulobia, 317 pupils; and Nwannebo Primary School, Ekwulobia, 261 pupils. Structured questionnaires were administered to pupils to assess their risks factors for helminthiasis. Fecal samples collected from all pupils were examined using Kato-Katz technique. Data obtained were entered and analyzed using SPSS.
Results: Of the 848 pupils, 452 (53.3%) were males and 396 (46.7%) were females. Assessment of risk factors associated with transmission revealed that toilet type, hand washing habit, and knowledge of the cause of helminthiasis were significantly (p<0.05) related to transmission; however parent’s occupation and biting of fingernails habits were not correlated with transmission (p>0.05). There was a very low prevalence of helminthes at 0.7% in six stool samples (1 male and 5 females), and prevalence of helminthes was not significantly associated (p>0.05) with pupil’s sex and age. Ascaris lumbricoides were the only helminthes observed in the study population.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The low prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis among the study population may be attributable to efforts of HGSFP that was implemented in the study area. There is need for constant monitoring and surveillance of all public schools and sustenance of the implemented water, sanitation and hygiene practices and HGSFP so that total elimination of helminths could be achievable in the state.
Key words: Helminthiasis • Home Grown School Feeding • Pupils • Ekwulobia • Anambra State • Nigeria.
Copyright © 2018 Aribodor et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Saha, SS, DR Bhowmik, and MMR Chowdhury. "Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in buffaloes in Barisal district of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 11, no. 2 (June 13, 2014): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19137.
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A total 270 samples were collected from July 2012 to December 2012 from three upazilas (Barisal sadar, Bakergonj and Mehendigonj) of Barisal district to know the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes. Samples were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin and shifted to Parasitology laboratory of the department of Pathology and Parasitology under the Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (ANSVM) faculty of Patuakahli Science and Technology University. Samples were examined by direct smear method and simple sedimentation method of fecal sample examination technique. Among 270 samples 107 (39.6%) samples were found positive for gastrointestinal helminthes. Five types of helminthes were identified namely Fasciola gigantica (26.17%), Amphistomes (60.75%), Neoascaris vitulorum (1%), Schistosoma bovis (1%), Trichostrongylus axei (2%). The prevalence of mixed infection with Fasciola gigantica and Amphistomes was 9.34%. No cestode was found in this study. Comparative study among three different upazila shows highest prevalence in Barisal sadar (44%) and lowest in Mehendigonj (25%). Geographical location of different char island of Sadar upazila and season of sample collection may be the cause of highest prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in Sadar upazila of the district. Study period covered rainy season and part of winter season only. Highest parasitic ova were found in rainy season (44.32%) than winter season (29.41%). The age specific prevalence were 12.15%, 14.02%, 40.19%, 33.65% in 0-6 months, 7 months-2 years, 3 years- 6 years & 7 years - above respectively. History of administering anthelmintic (Levamisole hydrochloride) to the calf may be the cause of lowest prevalence of parasitic infection at early age in the study area. In this study, highest number (60.75%) of Amphistomes was found among positive cases. Some important Amphistomes of buffalo are Paramphistomum, Cotylophoron, Gigantocotyle, Gastrothylax etc. are difficult to differentiate through fecal sample examination. So, to understand the detail epidemiology, at least a year study using gross morphological examination with molecular characterization of helminthes is needed.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19137Bangl.J.Vet.Med. (2013).11(2): 131-135
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Strelnikov. "HELMINTH CONTAMINATION OF THE AMERICAN MINK IN THE URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE VYATKA-KAMA INTERFLUVES." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.611-615.
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On the territory of the Vyatka-Kama interfluve within the Kirov region in the 2011–2017, method of complete helminthological autopsies investigated 39 individuals of American mink urbanized territories. The study of trichinosis was conducted with the help of the compressor method. The calculation of extensiveness, the intensity of invasion and abundance index was carried out.The infection extensity with helminths of the American mink is 92,3%. Helminth fauna is represented by seven species from two classes: Trematoda and Nematoda. Four species of helminthes were found in females: Alaria alata (larvae), Eupariphium melis, Capillaria putorii, Capillaria mucronata. The intensity of infection A. putoriiand I. melis significantly exceeds in males than in females (t = 5,1, P ≥ 0.999 and t = 2,3, P ≥ 0,95). The intensity of infection with helminths is significantly exceeded in young American mink than of adults (t = 2,4, P ≥ 0,95 и t = 2,5, P ≥ 0,95).The first place in terms of occurrence is Capillaria putorii. It is found in most in-fected minks (71.8%). It is localized mainly in the stomach. If the stomach is empty, the nematode is localized in its mucosa. Sometimes they are recorded in the intes-tines. This nematode also ranks first in the intensity of invasion: the average number of C. putorii in all infected animals was 102 copies, and the maximum – 493 copies. C. putorii has the highest abundance index (73.2 ind.) and dominates the parasite of the American mink transformed areas. Eupariphium melis is the only trematode recorded in the adult stage of the American mink in urban biocenoses. The extensive invasion was 56.4%. The intensity of invasion – 11 (1–40) copies.
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SYMEONIDOU, I., E. BONOS, K. MOUSTAKIDIS, P. FLOROU-PANERI, E. CHRISTAKI, and M. PAPAZAHARIADOU. "Botanicals: a natural approach to control ascaridiosis in poultry." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 69, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.16383.
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Parasites (protozoa, helminthes, arthropods) represent a main threat for poultry worldwide. Among helminthes, nematodes constitute the most important group of parasites of poultry. The nematode Ascaridia galli, the cause of ascaridiosis in poultry, is one of the most important and prevalent parasites, resulting in serious economic losses, associated with the treatment cost, the decreased feed efficiency, and the poor egg and meat production. During the past few decades the indiscriminate use of anthelmintic drugs has generated several cases of resistance in helminthes in poultry, situation which is coupled with the severity of residues in poultry products. For this reason, nowadays attention has been drawn to the use of botanicals in poultry diet, due to their anthelmintic properties. Furthermore, the dietary use eco-friend ly of these plant derived substances compared to conventional synthetic anthelmintic drugs is considered as a natural and ecofriendly approach by the consumers. The focus of the present review is to recapitulate the studies, both in vivo and in vitro, that have demonstrated the anthelmintic efficacy of various dietary botanicals in controlling poultry ascaridiosis.