Relevant bibliographies by topics / Helminths – Identification

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Academic literature on the topic 'Helminths – Identification'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Helminths – Identification"

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DUNDAS, NAUDIA S., DANIEL M. FITZPATRICK, JOHN S. McKIBBEN, VICTOR A. AMADI, and RHONDA D. PINCKNEY. "Identification of Helminth Parasites from Selar crumenophthalmus in Grenada, West Indies." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 7 (June 25, 2019): 1244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-470.

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ABSTRACT Grenada is a tropical island country reliant on local fish for food and export. Specifically, Selar crumenophthalmus, known locally as jacks or bigeye scad, is commonly consumed by residents and visitors to the island. To date, there are no data about the prevalence of different helminths in S. crumenophthalmus in Grenada. In particular, it was unknown if Anisakis, a genus containing parasitic nematodes, implicated in both fish and human disease, is of concern for local fish and human health. In this study, 39 samples of S. crumenophthalmus were dissected and assessed for helminth infection. Of these fish, 26 (67%) contained helminths in and around the internal organs (mean, 3.6 helminths per infected fish). DNA was extracted from each helminth, followed by PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, or Sanger sequencing or a combination of them to identify the parasites. Results confirmed that 89 (96%) of 93 helminths identified were Anisakis typica, and the remaining four helminths were likely acanthocephalans. Neither is considered pathogenic to humans, livestock, or companion animals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of either type of helminth in fish in Grenada. Future studies are needed to ascertain the role of A. typica and acanthocephalans in fish health in Grenada, including any association with observed fish kills. Additional studies are also needed to identify other helminths found in S. crumenophtalamus, which may be of importance to its health and also human health. HIGHLIGHTS
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Ruyssers, Nathalie E., Benedicte Y. De Winter, Joris G. De Man, Alex Loukas, Arnold G. Herman, Paul A. Pelckmans, and Tom G. Moreels. "Worms and the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Are Molecules the Answer?" Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2008 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/567314.

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The lack of exposure to helminth infections, as a result of improved living standards and medical conditions, may have contributed to the increased incidence of IBD in the developed world. Epidemiological, experimental, and clinical data sustain the idea that helminths could provide protection against IBD. Studies investigating the underlying mechanisms by which helminths might induce such protection have revealed the importance of regulatory pathways, for example, regulatory T-cells. Further investigation on how helminths influence both innate and adaptive immune reactions will shed more light on the complex pathways used by helminths to regulate the hosts immune system. Although therapy with living helminths appears to be effective in several immunological diseases, the disadvantages of a treatment based on living parasites are explicit. Therefore, the identification and characterization of helminth-derived immunomodulatory molecules that contribute to the protective effect could lead to new therapeutic approaches in IBD and other immune diseases.
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Abdullah, SM, Amrito Barman, Md Yakub Ali, Md Saiful Islam, and Uday Kumar Mohanta. "Morphological Identification and Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Backyard Chicken From Selected Areas of Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v8i1.53276.

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Poultry industry is the promising sub-sector in livestock, which has been expanding day by day. Among the poultry species, backyard chicken is one of the appropriate incomes generating species in rural areas of Bangladesh. Parasitic infections have been considered as one of the major hindrances for backyard chicken rearing. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of backyard chicken in some selected areas of Bangladesh through their detailed morphological identification. A total number of 108 gastrointestinal tracts were examined for helminths from April 2018 to July 2018. The collected helminths were identified according to the keys and description of Yamaguti (1961) and Soulsby (1982). A high rate of helminth infection (100%) was observed in backyard chickens in Bangladesh. One cestode, Raillietina tetragona (67.59%); two nematodes, Ascaridia galli (43.51%) and Heterakis gallinarum (28.70%); and two trematodes, Catatropis verrucosa (21.29%) and Echinostoma revolutum (6.48%) were encountered during the study. Most of the helminths were recovered from small intestine followed by caecum. All five species of helminths were found from Dhaka and Pabna, but surprisingly no trematodes were found from Bandarban. Out of 108 chickens, 29.62% were infected with single species of helminths while the rest 70.38% harbored mixed infections. This work strongly suggests that helminths create serious problems in backyard chicken as they hamper production and therefore, appropriate control strategies are needed to design for better production. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(1): 145-155, April 2021
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Wong, Samson S. Y., Rosana W. S. Poon, Kelvin K. W. To, Jasper F. W. Chan, Gang Lu, Fanfan Xing, Vincent C. C. Cheng, and Kwok-Yung Yuen. "Improving the specific diagnosis of trematode, cestode and nematode infections by a multiplex single-tube real-time PCR assay." Journal of Clinical Pathology 72, no. 7 (April 5, 2019): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205590.

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AimsHelminth infections are becoming uncommon in high-income countries and laboratory staff may lose expertise in their morphological identification, especially in histological sections where speciation of helminths is challenging. Commercially available molecular diagnostic panels for faecal specimens only offer tests for protozoa but not helminths. We aim to improve the identification accuracy of helminths using a multiplex PCR assay.MethodsWe designed three pairs of PCR primers and probes targeting multicopy genes for a multiplex single-tube real-time PCR assay which covers 16 trematode (28S rRNA gene), 24 cestode (cox1 gene) and 33 nematode (cox1 gene) species. Helminths (n=27) from faecal samples (n=10), fresh parasites (n=11), formalin-fixed specimens (n=4), cerebrospinal fluid (n=1) and bile (n=1) were examined morphologically and tested by PCR. Fifty stool samples negative for parasites by microscopy were also tested.ResultsThe PCR assay correctly identified the genera of all tested helminths. Agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing of the purified PCR amplicons confirmed that the PCR products were of correct sizes with 100% correlation with the respective species. Sequencing of the cox1 gene failed to identify Capillaria spp. in one sample owing to the lack of corresponding sequences in GenBank. PCR and sequencing of the nematode 18S rRNA gene using consensus primers showed 100% homology with Capillaria spp. sequence. No positive PCR products were found in the negative stool samples.ConclusionsThe highly specific test correctly identified all helminths in our cohort. It is a useful adjunct to helminth identification in difficult situations such as histological sections.
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Measures, L. N., P. Béland, D. Martineau, and S. De Guise. "Helminths of an endangered population of belugas, Delphinapterus leucas, in the St. Lawrence estuary, Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-165.

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Helminths were identified in 38 belugas, Delphinapterus leucas, stranded in the St. Lawrence estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence during 1984–1993. These helminth species were Anisakis simplex, Contracaecinea sp., Pseudoterranova sp., Stenurus arctomarinus, Pharurus pallasii, Halocercus taurica (new host record), Halocercus monoceris (new host record), Hadwenius seymouri, Diphyllobothrium sp., and Bolbosoma sp. (new host record). Of 21 helminths previously reported from populations of belugas worldwide, 7 were found in the St. Lawrence population. Lungworms, such as Halocercus monoceris, may prove useful in identification of beluga populations in the Arctic and may also be an important cause of morbidity and mortality of calves.
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Elshahawy, I., A. Metwally, and D. Ibrahim. "An abattoir-based study on helminthes of slaughtered goats (Capra hircus L., 1758) in upper Egypt, Egypt." Helminthologia 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-014-0210-2.

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Abstract The present study describes the occurrence of various gastrointestinal helminths and liver flukes in goats from post mortem examinations performed between 2010 and 2011. Forty five adult goats were euthanized necropsy examination and for identification of adult gastrointestinal helminths and liver flukes. Eleven animals (24.44 %) were found to be infected with one or more species of gastrointestinal helminth. Haemonchus contortus emerged as the most prevalent species (15.5 %), with Moniezia expansa and Fasciola gigantica also being common (11.11 % and 4.4 %, respectively). Additionally, Haemonchus longistipes, Cysticercus tenuicollis, and Paramphistomum microbothrium were present at low infection rates (2.2 %). Mixed infections were similarly most prevalent. Haemonchus longistipes; the most pathogenic Strongyle nematode of camels was reported for the first time infecting goats in Egypt. The present study indicates that abattoir surveys would reveal the prevalence of various species of problematic helminths, and thus appropriate measures can be adopted to control the respective worms.
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BROPHY, PETER M., NEIL MACKINTOSH, and RUSSELL M. MORPHEW. "Anthelmintic metabolism in parasitic helminths: proteomic insights." Parasitology 139, no. 9 (July 10, 2012): 1205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201200087x.

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SUMMARYAnthelmintics are the cornerstone of parasitic helminth control. Surprisingly, understanding of the biochemical pathways used by parasitic helminths to detoxify anthelmintics is fragmented, despite the increasing global threat of anthelmintic resistance within the ruminant and equine industries. Reductionist biochemistry has likely over-estimated the enzymatic role of glutathione transferases in anthelmintic metabolism and neglected the potential role of the cytochrome P-450 superfamily (CYPs). Proteomic technologies offers the opportunity to support genomics, reverse genetics and pharmacokinetics, and provide an integrated insight into both the cellular mechanisms underpinning response to anthelmintics and also the identification of biomarker panels for monitoring the development of anthelmintic resistance. To date, there have been limited attempts to include proteomics in anthelmintic metabolism studies. Optimisations of membrane, post-translational modification and interaction proteomic technologies in helminths are needed to especially study Phase I CYPs and Phase III ABC transporter pumps for anthelmintics and their metabolites.
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Saikia, B., C. C. Barua, S. Hazarika, L. C. Lahon, D. Saikia, R. S. Borah, and P. K. Verma. "Regulatory role of adrenergic neurotransmitters on the spontaneous muscular activity in the ruminant trematode Paramphistomum cervi (Paramphistomatidae)." Journal of Helminthology 88, no. 3 (May 31, 2013): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x13000266.

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AbstractThe neuromuscular system of helminths is an important area for target identification and drug development. Many anthelmintics, namely ivermectin, levamisole, piperazine, pyrantel, praziquantel and organophosphates, produce paralysis of helminths by affecting their neuromuscular systems. The neuromuscular system of helminths is also an important area of research to identify some of the important differences between the neuromuscular physiology of helminths and mammals. The identification of differences would help in developing newer target-specific, safe and effective anthelmintics. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of different adrenergic neurotransmitters (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, l-dopa) and their antagonists (propranolol and haloperidol) on the spontaneous muscular activity of isometrically mounted Paramphistomum cervi.
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Scheer, Simone, Carolina Silveira Mascarenhas, Márcia Raquel Pegoraro de Macedo, and Gertrud Muller. "Helminths Assemblage of the bare-faced ibis, Phimosus infuscatus (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae), in southern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 28, no. 1 (March 2019): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612019001.

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Abstract Birds act as hosts for a variety of parasites, many of these are unreported. The literature provides scant information on the helminth fauna of Phimosus infuscatus. The presence of helminths were investigate in 28 birds from Pelotas, Capão do Leão, and Rio Grande in Rio Grande do Sul. The preparation and identification of helminths followed protocols. Prevalence (P%), mean intensity of infection (MII), and mean abundance (MA) were estimated. The following helminths were found: Hystrichis acanthocephalicus , Dioctophyme renale (larva), Porrocaecum heteropterum , Baruscapillaria sp., Aproctella carinii , Paradeletrocephalus minor, and Cyathostoma sp. (Nematoda); Echinostomatidae gen. sp., Tanaisia valida, and Athesmia sp. (Trematoda: Digenea) and Megalacanthus sp. (Cestoda). The most prevalent species were H. acanthocephalicus, P. heteropterum, Megalacanthus sp., and Echinostomatidae gen. sp. and Megalacanthus sp. had the highest MII and MA. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of H. acantocephalicus between female and male bird hosts. We report Echinostomatidae gen. sp., T. valida, Athesmia sp., Cyathostoma sp., A. carinii, P. minor, D. renale (larva), Baruscapillaria sp., and Megalacanthus sp. for the first time in P. infuscatus in Brazil.
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Cortez-Maya, Sandra, Antonio Moreno-Herrera, Isidro Palos, and Gildardo Rivera. "Old Antiprotozoal Drugs: Are They Still Viable Options for Parasitic Infections or New Options for Other Diseases?" Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 32 (September 25, 2020): 5403–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190628163633.

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Parasitic diseases, caused by helminths (ascariasis, hookworm, trichinosis, and schistosomiasis) and protozoa (chagas, leishmaniasis, and amebiasis), are considered a serious public health problem in developing countries. Additionally, there is a limited arsenal of anti-parasitic drugs in the current pipeline and growing drug resistance. Therefore, there is a clear need for the discovery and development of new compounds that can compete and replace these drugs that have been controlling parasitic infections over the last decades. However, this approach is highly resource- intensive, expensive and time-consuming. Accordingly, a drug repositioning strategy of the existing drugs or drug-like molecules with known pharmacokinetics and safety profiles is alternatively being used as a fast approach towards the identification of new treatments. The artemisinins, mefloquine, tribendimidine, oxantel pamoate and doxycycline for the treatment of helminths, and posaconazole and hydroxymethylnitrofurazone for the treatment of protozoa are promising candidates. Therefore, traditional antiprotozoal drugs, which were developed in some cases decades ago, are a valid solution. Herein, we review the current status of traditional anti-helminthic and antiprotozoal drugs in terms of drug targets, mode of action, doses, adverse effects, and parasite resistance to define their suitability for repurposing strategies. Current antiparasitic drugs are not only still viable for the treatment of helminth and protozoan infections but are also important candidates for new pharmacological treatments.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Helminths – Identification"

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Larsson, Joel, and Rasmus Hedberg. "Development of machine learning models for object identification of parasite eggs using microscopy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Signaler och system, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414386.

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Over one billion people in developing countries are afflicted by parasitic infections caused by soil-transmitted helminths. These infections are treatable with cheap and safe medicine that is widely available. However, diagnosis of these infections has proven to be a bottleneck by the fact that it is time-consuming, requires expensive equipment and trained personnel to be consistent and accurate. This study aimed to investigate the viability and performance of five machine learning models and a 'modular neural network' approach to localize and classify the following parasite eggs in microscopic images: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria, Hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni. These models were implemented and evaluated on the Nvidia Jetson AGX Xavier to establish that they fulfilled the specifications of 95\% specificity and sensitivity, but also a speed requirement of 40000 images per 24 hours. The results show that R-FCN ResNet101 was the best model produced in this study, which performed the best on average. However, it did not fulfill the specifications entirely but is still considered a success due to being an improvement to the current implementation at Etteplan. Evaluation of the modular neural network approach would require further investigation to verify the performance of the system, but the results indicate it could be a possible improvement to the off-the-shelf machine learning models. To conclude, the study showed that the data and data infrastructure provided by Etteplan has proven to be a very powerful tool in training machine learning models to classify and localize parasite eggs in stool samples. However, expansion of the data to reduce the imbalance between the representations of the classes but also include more patient information could improve the training and evaluation process of the models.
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Chen, Hui-Yu, and 陳慧瑜. "Use of helminthes as biological indicators for stock identification and migration of grey mullet Mugil cephalus in the coastal waters of Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56697311601809127142.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
動物學研究研究所
95
This thesis is the first report of using biological indicators to study stock identification and migration of grey mullet Mugil cephalus in the coastal waters of Taiwan. A total number of 474 individuals of grey mullets were collected from December 2005 to December 2006 in Keelung and Kaohsiung. According to sampling data, including seasons and locations, sample were divided into three groups: winter samples of Keelung (12/11, 12/18, 12/29 in 2005 and 1/3, 1/12, 12/12, 12/26 in 2006), non-winter samples of Keelung (4/25, 6/20, 10/23, 11/29 in 2006), and winter samples of Kaohsiung (12/7, 12/21 in 2005 and 12/3, 12/4, 12/7 in 2006). In non-winter months there was no grey mullets collected in Kaohsiung. The main parasitic fauna included 11 species of helminthes, which belong to three phylum, including nematoda, platyhelminthes and acanthocephalans.There were five genus of nematoda including Anisakis simplex, Hysterothylacium aduncum, Goezia sp., Hysterothylacium sp. and Cucullanus sp., and five species of subclass digeneans of platyhelminthes, including Aphanurus mugilus, Bacciger mugilis, Tetrochetus sp., Saturnius mugilis, Podocotyle lizae. Moreover, there is one which is acanthocephalan was Neoechinorhynchus agile. Among them 6 kinds of above-listed parasites are new host records, and 9 kinds are new records of Taiwan. This thesis analyzed the parasitic fauna of three groups of grey mullet and the infection parameters of parasites, then discussed infection degree, prevalence and mean intensity. We regarded Anisakis simplex, Hysterothylacium sp., Aphanurus mugilus and Podocotyle lizae as biological indicators. As the result, winter samples of Keelung and Kaohsiung were both infected with Anisakis simplex, Hysterothylacium sp., and the prevalence and mean intensity values of A. simplex and Hysterothylacium sp. in Keelung and Kaohsiung were 22-23%, (2-3) and 25-70%, (60-106). However, non-winter samples of Keelung were not infected. According to records of digenea, winter samples of Keelung and Kaohsiung were both infected with Aphanurus mugilus and Podocotyle lizae., and A. mugilus and P. lizae had similar ratios of all digenea, which were 30-40% and 40-50%. Non-winter samples of Keelung were not infected. Winter sample group of Kaohsiung belong to migratory stock of main China. According to winter samples of Keelung and Kaohsiung were infected with same dominant species and infection parameters were similar. Thus, we suggest winter samples of Keelung also belong to migratory stock of main China, too. Non-winter samples of Keelung showed different parasitic fauna infection, which asserted their habits and unique migratory route. Possibly, we suggested they was resident stock of Taiwan.
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Books on the topic "Helminths – Identification"

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Lardin, Carlos, and Silveria Pacheco. Helminths: Handbook for Identification and Counting of Parasitic Helminth Eggs in Urban Wastewater. IWA Publishing, 2015.

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2

S, Zolotarenko G., ed. Taksonomii͡a︡ nasekomykh i gelʹmintov: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Moskva: "Nauka," Sibirskoe otd-nie, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Helminths – Identification"

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Rohwer, Andreas, Jürgen Lutz, Christophe Chassaing, Manfred Uphoff, Anja R. Heckeroth, and Paul M. Selzer. "Identification and Profiling of Nematicidal Compounds in Veterinary Parasitology." In Parasitic Helminths, 135–57. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527652969.ch9.

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"Identification of Protozoan and Helminth Parasites." In Parasitology, 316–38. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119968986.ch9.

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Bouchet, Françoise. "Identification of helminth eggs in coprolithes from the Neolithic age." In Des sources du savoir aux médicaments du futur, 77–80. IRD Éditions, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.7206.

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Kabbara, Sami, Neil Kelkar, Mandi D. Conway, and Gholam A. Peyman. "Endogenous Endophthalmitis: Etiology and Treatment." In Eye Infections - Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96766.

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This chapter comprehensively covers all aspects of endogenous endophthalmitis from systemic infectious agents, with an emphasis on reported and newer etiologies to broaden the diagnostic and investigative acumen of treating ophthalmic providers. The discussion includes the etiology of metastatic endophthalmitis and diagnostic investigations, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for identification of bacterial and viral infections involving the eye in both immunosuppressed in non-immunosuppressed patients. Additionally, we present clinical and diagnostic findings of fungal infections, protozoal infections, and helminthic infections. Pediatric cases are also reported and etiologies described. We discuss both etiology and diagnostic challenges. Current therapeutic modalities and outcomes are reviewed. While no two cases of metastatic endophthalmitis are the same, some similarities may exist that allow us to generalize how to approach and treat this potentially sight- and life-threatening spectrum of diseases and find the underlying systemic cause.
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Conference papers on the topic "Helminths – Identification"

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Titisari, Nurina, Nurprimadita Rosendiani, Djoko Winarso, and Rahadi Swastomo. "Identification of Helminth Parasites In Dairy Cow Through Feces Examination in The Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) Karangploso Malang." In 1st International Conference in One Health (ICOH 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoh-17.2018.55.

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