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DUNDAS, NAUDIA S., DANIEL M. FITZPATRICK, JOHN S. McKIBBEN, VICTOR A. AMADI, and RHONDA D. PINCKNEY. "Identification of Helminth Parasites from Selar crumenophthalmus in Grenada, West Indies." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 7 (June 25, 2019): 1244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-470.
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ABSTRACT Grenada is a tropical island country reliant on local fish for food and export. Specifically, Selar crumenophthalmus, known locally as jacks or bigeye scad, is commonly consumed by residents and visitors to the island. To date, there are no data about the prevalence of different helminths in S. crumenophthalmus in Grenada. In particular, it was unknown if Anisakis, a genus containing parasitic nematodes, implicated in both fish and human disease, is of concern for local fish and human health. In this study, 39 samples of S. crumenophthalmus were dissected and assessed for helminth infection. Of these fish, 26 (67%) contained helminths in and around the internal organs (mean, 3.6 helminths per infected fish). DNA was extracted from each helminth, followed by PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, or Sanger sequencing or a combination of them to identify the parasites. Results confirmed that 89 (96%) of 93 helminths identified were Anisakis typica, and the remaining four helminths were likely acanthocephalans. Neither is considered pathogenic to humans, livestock, or companion animals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of either type of helminth in fish in Grenada. Future studies are needed to ascertain the role of A. typica and acanthocephalans in fish health in Grenada, including any association with observed fish kills. Additional studies are also needed to identify other helminths found in S. crumenophtalamus, which may be of importance to its health and also human health. HIGHLIGHTS
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Ruyssers, Nathalie E., Benedicte Y. De Winter, Joris G. De Man, Alex Loukas, Arnold G. Herman, Paul A. Pelckmans, and Tom G. Moreels. "Worms and the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Are Molecules the Answer?" Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2008 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/567314.
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The lack of exposure to helminth infections, as a result of improved living standards and medical conditions, may have contributed to the increased incidence of IBD in the developed world. Epidemiological, experimental, and clinical data sustain the idea that helminths could provide protection against IBD. Studies investigating the underlying mechanisms by which helminths might induce such protection have revealed the importance of regulatory pathways, for example, regulatory T-cells. Further investigation on how helminths influence both innate and adaptive immune reactions will shed more light on the complex pathways used by helminths to regulate the hosts immune system. Although therapy with living helminths appears to be effective in several immunological diseases, the disadvantages of a treatment based on living parasites are explicit. Therefore, the identification and characterization of helminth-derived immunomodulatory molecules that contribute to the protective effect could lead to new therapeutic approaches in IBD and other immune diseases.
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Abdullah, SM, Amrito Barman, Md Yakub Ali, Md Saiful Islam, and Uday Kumar Mohanta. "Morphological Identification and Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Backyard Chicken From Selected Areas of Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v8i1.53276.
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Poultry industry is the promising sub-sector in livestock, which has been expanding day by day. Among the poultry species, backyard chicken is one of the appropriate incomes generating species in rural areas of Bangladesh. Parasitic infections have been considered as one of the major hindrances for backyard chicken rearing. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of backyard chicken in some selected areas of Bangladesh through their detailed morphological identification. A total number of 108 gastrointestinal tracts were examined for helminths from April 2018 to July 2018. The collected helminths were identified according to the keys and description of Yamaguti (1961) and Soulsby (1982). A high rate of helminth infection (100%) was observed in backyard chickens in Bangladesh. One cestode, Raillietina tetragona (67.59%); two nematodes, Ascaridia galli (43.51%) and Heterakis gallinarum (28.70%); and two trematodes, Catatropis verrucosa (21.29%) and Echinostoma revolutum (6.48%) were encountered during the study. Most of the helminths were recovered from small intestine followed by caecum. All five species of helminths were found from Dhaka and Pabna, but surprisingly no trematodes were found from Bandarban. Out of 108 chickens, 29.62% were infected with single species of helminths while the rest 70.38% harbored mixed infections. This work strongly suggests that helminths create serious problems in backyard chicken as they hamper production and therefore, appropriate control strategies are needed to design for better production.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(1): 145-155, April 2021
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Wong, Samson S. Y., Rosana W. S. Poon, Kelvin K. W. To, Jasper F. W. Chan, Gang Lu, Fanfan Xing, Vincent C. C. Cheng, and Kwok-Yung Yuen. "Improving the specific diagnosis of trematode, cestode and nematode infections by a multiplex single-tube real-time PCR assay." Journal of Clinical Pathology 72, no. 7 (April 5, 2019): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205590.
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AimsHelminth infections are becoming uncommon in high-income countries and laboratory staff may lose expertise in their morphological identification, especially in histological sections where speciation of helminths is challenging. Commercially available molecular diagnostic panels for faecal specimens only offer tests for protozoa but not helminths. We aim to improve the identification accuracy of helminths using a multiplex PCR assay.MethodsWe designed three pairs of PCR primers and probes targeting multicopy genes for a multiplex single-tube real-time PCR assay which covers 16 trematode (28S rRNA gene), 24 cestode (cox1 gene) and 33 nematode (cox1 gene) species. Helminths (n=27) from faecal samples (n=10), fresh parasites (n=11), formalin-fixed specimens (n=4), cerebrospinal fluid (n=1) and bile (n=1) were examined morphologically and tested by PCR. Fifty stool samples negative for parasites by microscopy were also tested.ResultsThe PCR assay correctly identified the genera of all tested helminths. Agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing of the purified PCR amplicons confirmed that the PCR products were of correct sizes with 100% correlation with the respective species. Sequencing of the cox1 gene failed to identify Capillaria spp. in one sample owing to the lack of corresponding sequences in GenBank. PCR and sequencing of the nematode 18S rRNA gene using consensus primers showed 100% homology with Capillaria spp. sequence. No positive PCR products were found in the negative stool samples.ConclusionsThe highly specific test correctly identified all helminths in our cohort. It is a useful adjunct to helminth identification in difficult situations such as histological sections.
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Measures, L. N., P. Béland, D. Martineau, and S. De Guise. "Helminths of an endangered population of belugas, Delphinapterus leucas, in the St. Lawrence estuary, Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-165.
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Helminths were identified in 38 belugas, Delphinapterus leucas, stranded in the St. Lawrence estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence during 1984–1993. These helminth species were Anisakis simplex, Contracaecinea sp., Pseudoterranova sp., Stenurus arctomarinus, Pharurus pallasii, Halocercus taurica (new host record), Halocercus monoceris (new host record), Hadwenius seymouri, Diphyllobothrium sp., and Bolbosoma sp. (new host record). Of 21 helminths previously reported from populations of belugas worldwide, 7 were found in the St. Lawrence population. Lungworms, such as Halocercus monoceris, may prove useful in identification of beluga populations in the Arctic and may also be an important cause of morbidity and mortality of calves.
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Elshahawy, I., A. Metwally, and D. Ibrahim. "An abattoir-based study on helminthes of slaughtered goats (Capra hircus L., 1758) in upper Egypt, Egypt." Helminthologia 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-014-0210-2.
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Abstract The present study describes the occurrence of various gastrointestinal helminths and liver flukes in goats from post mortem examinations performed between 2010 and 2011. Forty five adult goats were euthanized necropsy examination and for identification of adult gastrointestinal helminths and liver flukes. Eleven animals (24.44 %) were found to be infected with one or more species of gastrointestinal helminth. Haemonchus contortus emerged as the most prevalent species (15.5 %), with Moniezia expansa and Fasciola gigantica also being common (11.11 % and 4.4 %, respectively). Additionally, Haemonchus longistipes, Cysticercus tenuicollis, and Paramphistomum microbothrium were present at low infection rates (2.2 %). Mixed infections were similarly most prevalent. Haemonchus longistipes; the most pathogenic Strongyle nematode of camels was reported for the first time infecting goats in Egypt. The present study indicates that abattoir surveys would reveal the prevalence of various species of problematic helminths, and thus appropriate measures can be adopted to control the respective worms.
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BROPHY, PETER M., NEIL MACKINTOSH, and RUSSELL M. MORPHEW. "Anthelmintic metabolism in parasitic helminths: proteomic insights." Parasitology 139, no. 9 (July 10, 2012): 1205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201200087x.
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SUMMARYAnthelmintics are the cornerstone of parasitic helminth control. Surprisingly, understanding of the biochemical pathways used by parasitic helminths to detoxify anthelmintics is fragmented, despite the increasing global threat of anthelmintic resistance within the ruminant and equine industries. Reductionist biochemistry has likely over-estimated the enzymatic role of glutathione transferases in anthelmintic metabolism and neglected the potential role of the cytochrome P-450 superfamily (CYPs). Proteomic technologies offers the opportunity to support genomics, reverse genetics and pharmacokinetics, and provide an integrated insight into both the cellular mechanisms underpinning response to anthelmintics and also the identification of biomarker panels for monitoring the development of anthelmintic resistance. To date, there have been limited attempts to include proteomics in anthelmintic metabolism studies. Optimisations of membrane, post-translational modification and interaction proteomic technologies in helminths are needed to especially study Phase I CYPs and Phase III ABC transporter pumps for anthelmintics and their metabolites.
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Saikia, B., C. C. Barua, S. Hazarika, L. C. Lahon, D. Saikia, R. S. Borah, and P. K. Verma. "Regulatory role of adrenergic neurotransmitters on the spontaneous muscular activity in the ruminant trematode Paramphistomum cervi (Paramphistomatidae)." Journal of Helminthology 88, no. 3 (May 31, 2013): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x13000266.
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AbstractThe neuromuscular system of helminths is an important area for target identification and drug development. Many anthelmintics, namely ivermectin, levamisole, piperazine, pyrantel, praziquantel and organophosphates, produce paralysis of helminths by affecting their neuromuscular systems. The neuromuscular system of helminths is also an important area of research to identify some of the important differences between the neuromuscular physiology of helminths and mammals. The identification of differences would help in developing newer target-specific, safe and effective anthelmintics. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of different adrenergic neurotransmitters (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, l-dopa) and their antagonists (propranolol and haloperidol) on the spontaneous muscular activity of isometrically mounted Paramphistomum cervi.
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Scheer, Simone, Carolina Silveira Mascarenhas, Márcia Raquel Pegoraro de Macedo, and Gertrud Muller. "Helminths Assemblage of the bare-faced ibis, Phimosus infuscatus (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae), in southern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 28, no. 1 (March 2019): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612019001.
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Abstract Birds act as hosts for a variety of parasites, many of these are unreported. The literature provides scant information on the helminth fauna of Phimosus infuscatus. The presence of helminths were investigate in 28 birds from Pelotas, Capão do Leão, and Rio Grande in Rio Grande do Sul. The preparation and identification of helminths followed protocols. Prevalence (P%), mean intensity of infection (MII), and mean abundance (MA) were estimated. The following helminths were found: Hystrichis acanthocephalicus , Dioctophyme renale (larva), Porrocaecum heteropterum , Baruscapillaria sp., Aproctella carinii , Paradeletrocephalus minor, and Cyathostoma sp. (Nematoda); Echinostomatidae gen. sp., Tanaisia valida, and Athesmia sp. (Trematoda: Digenea) and Megalacanthus sp. (Cestoda). The most prevalent species were H. acanthocephalicus, P. heteropterum, Megalacanthus sp., and Echinostomatidae gen. sp. and Megalacanthus sp. had the highest MII and MA. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of H. acantocephalicus between female and male bird hosts. We report Echinostomatidae gen. sp., T. valida, Athesmia sp., Cyathostoma sp., A. carinii, P. minor, D. renale (larva), Baruscapillaria sp., and Megalacanthus sp. for the first time in P. infuscatus in Brazil.
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Cortez-Maya, Sandra, Antonio Moreno-Herrera, Isidro Palos, and Gildardo Rivera. "Old Antiprotozoal Drugs: Are They Still Viable Options for Parasitic Infections or New Options for Other Diseases?" Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 32 (September 25, 2020): 5403–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190628163633.
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Parasitic diseases, caused by helminths (ascariasis, hookworm, trichinosis, and schistosomiasis) and protozoa (chagas, leishmaniasis, and amebiasis), are considered a serious public health problem in developing countries. Additionally, there is a limited arsenal of anti-parasitic drugs in the current pipeline and growing drug resistance. Therefore, there is a clear need for the discovery and development of new compounds that can compete and replace these drugs that have been controlling parasitic infections over the last decades. However, this approach is highly resource- intensive, expensive and time-consuming. Accordingly, a drug repositioning strategy of the existing drugs or drug-like molecules with known pharmacokinetics and safety profiles is alternatively being used as a fast approach towards the identification of new treatments. The artemisinins, mefloquine, tribendimidine, oxantel pamoate and doxycycline for the treatment of helminths, and posaconazole and hydroxymethylnitrofurazone for the treatment of protozoa are promising candidates. Therefore, traditional antiprotozoal drugs, which were developed in some cases decades ago, are a valid solution. Herein, we review the current status of traditional anti-helminthic and antiprotozoal drugs in terms of drug targets, mode of action, doses, adverse effects, and parasite resistance to define their suitability for repurposing strategies. Current antiparasitic drugs are not only still viable for the treatment of helminth and protozoan infections but are also important candidates for new pharmacological treatments.
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Mirisho, Robert, Margaret L. Neizer, and Bismark Sarfo. "Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths Infestation in Children Attending Princess Marie Louise Children’s Hospital in Accra, Ghana." Journal of Parasitology Research 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8524985.
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The deworming exercise program does not cover all children who are not in school. This study determined the prevalence and species type of helminth infestation and associated factors among children attending Princess Marie Louise Children’s Hospital in Accra, Ghana. Children (225) below the age of 10 who have not taken antihelminthic drugs prior to the study period were recruited between May and June 2015. Children or guardians were interviewed using structured questionnaires and fresh stools were collected and processed for helminths species identification using microscopy. Data were analyzed using Stata version 12. Overall helminths infestation prevalence was 17.33% (39/225). The identified species were hookworm (10.22% (23/225)) and Ascaris lumbricoides (7.11% (16/225)). No double infestation was observed. Significant associations were observed between infestation and age group beyond 4 years (48 months) (aOR = 16.72, 95% CI 1.00–279.72), place of residence (aOR = 7.35, 95% CI 1.68–32.11), washing hands after using toilet (0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.20), and dirt on fingernails of children (7.96, 95% CI 1.73–36.65). This study demonstrates high prevalence of helminths parasites, hookworm, and Ascaris lumbricoides in children attending PMLCH. Deworming exercise should be extended to children hospitals in developing countries.
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Wendel, Tabea P., Maureen Feucherolles, Jacqueline Rehner, Sven Poppert, Jürg Utzinger, Sören L. Becker, and Issa Sy. "Evaluating Different Storage Media for Identification of Taenia saginata Proglottids Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102006.
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Taenia saginata is a helminth that can cause taeniasis in humans and cysticercosis in cattle. A species-specific diagnosis and differentiation from related species (e.g., Taenia solium) is crucial for individual patient management and disease control programs. Diagnostic stool microscopy is limited by low sensitivity and does not allow discrimination between T. saginata and T. solium. Molecular diagnostic approaches are not routinely available outside research laboratories. Recently, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was proposed as a potentially suitable technique for species-specific helminth diagnosis. However, standardized protocols and commercial databases for parasite identification are currently unavailable, and pre-analytical factors have not yet been assessed. The purpose of this study was to employ MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of T. saginata proglottids obtained from a human patient, and to assess the effects of different sample storage media on the technique’s diagnostic accuracy. We generated T. saginata-specific main spectral profiles and added them to an in-house database for MALDI-TOF MS-based diagnosis of different helminths. Based on protein spectra, T. saginata proglottids could be successfully differentiated from other helminths, as well as bacteria and fungi. Additionally, we analyzed T. saginata proglottids stored in (i) LC–MS grade water; (ii) 0.45% sodium chloride; (iii) 70% ethanol; and (iv) 37% formalin after 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 weeks of storage. MALDI-TOF MS correctly identified 97.2–99.7% of samples stored in water, sodium chloride, and ethanol, with log-score values ≥2.5, thus indicating reliable species identification. In contrast, no protein spectra were obtained for samples stored in formalin. We conclude that MALDI-TOF-MS can be successfully employed for the identification of T. saginata, and that water, sodium chloride, and ethanol are equally effective storage solutions for prolonged periods of at least 24 weeks.
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Sinsch, U., P. Heneberg, M. Těšínský, C. Balczun, and P. Scheid. "Helminth endoparasites of the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris: linking morphological identification and molecular data." Journal of Helminthology 93, no. 3 (March 5, 2018): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x18000184.
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AbstractThe helminth endoparasites of many European amphibian species are often known exclusively from morphological descriptions. A molecular library of DNA sequence data linked to morphological identifications is still in its infancy. In this paper, we aim to contribute to such a library on the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris, the intermediate and definitive host of 31 helminth parasites, according to evidence published so far. Newts (n = 69) were collected at two study sites in western Germany and examined for the presence of helminths. A total of five helminth species were detected in 56 (81%) of the newts, but only one or two species infected a single host. Four out of five helminth species were identified morphologically and based on DNA sequences as Parastrigea robusta (metacercariae), Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Megalobatrachonema terdentatum (adults and larvae) and Cosmocerca longicauda, and the corresponding sequences were provided subsequently. Oswaldocruzia molgeta was confirmed to be a junior synonym of O. filiformis. Molecular data on a fifth species (a cosmocercid nematode) that could not be identified at species level were added to GenBank. These findings increased the molecular library on morphologically identified smooth newt parasites significantly, from 12 to 15 entries.
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Phiri, A. M., A. Chota, J. B. Muma, M. Munyeme, and C. S. Sikasunge. "Helminth parasites of the Kafue lechwe antelope (Kobus leche kafuensis): a potential source of infection to domestic animals in the Kafue wetlands of Zambia." Journal of Helminthology 85, no. 1 (April 14, 2010): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x10000192.
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AbstractThe Kafue lechwe antelope (Kobus leche kafuensis), a medium-sized, semi-aquatic antelope, grazes extensively on pastures accessed by livestock in and around Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon national parks in the Kafue wetlands of Zambia. This interaction has a potential for bi-modal transmission of a wide range of parasitic helminths between lechwe and domestic ruminants. A survey was conducted to investigate the status of helminths in the Kafue lechwe during the 2008 (July–December) hunting season, involving 65 animals hunted under special research licences. Worm identification was based on morphological features using standard identification keys. Eleven different types of helminths were identified in the animals studied; namely, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum, Cooperia, Dictyocaulus, Marshallagia, Stilesia, Setaria, Trichuris, Fasciola, amphistomes and Schistosoma. Amphistomes (100%) and Oesophagostomum (60.9%) were the most common while Fasciola (7.8%) and Stilesia (1.6%) were the least of the identified helminths. There was no evidence that helminths, at intensities observed, adversely affected the health of the lechwe. The degree of worm infection was observed to vary between the two study areas, with Blue Lagoon recording higher infection levels compared to Lochinvar. The host range of many of the helminths found in the Kafue lechwe is broad and could serve as a potentially stable source of infection to domestic animals such as goats and cattle. Therefore, issues concerning livestock management and conservation may arise.
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Fane, Andrew Timothy, Esther Sri Majawati, and Harro Harris Liman. "Identification of "Soil Transmitted Helminth" Contamination on The Raw Vegetables in Warung Pecel Lele in Kebon Jeruk District, Jakarta." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47007/ijobb.v5i1.64.
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The prevalence of intestinal helminth infections in several provinces in Indonesia including Jakarta reaches 80% (or is still high). Helminth transmission may occur via food/drinks or through the skin. In particular, consumption of raw vegetables allows for the transmission of helminth eggs to happen. The purpose of this study was to identify intestinal worm eggs in raw vegetables sold in warung pecel lele. Raw vegetables were usually served together with the pecel lele menu which is a very popular dish among the Jakartans. The present study is a descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. Seventy-five samples of raw vegetables were included in this study, which were obtained from 25 warung pecel lele in Kebon Jeruk District, Jakarta. Samples were examined for helminth egg contamination based on a sedimentation method by lugol staining. Of all the raw vegetables samples, 20 samples (26.7%) was contaminated by soil transmitted helminths eggs. Ascaris lumbricoides worm eggs were identified in 17 samples (22.7%), whereas hookworm eggs were found in 3 samples (4%). The study suggests that the number of helminth egg contamination identified in raw vegetables are still high among warung pecel lele in West Jakarta.
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Asif Raza, Muhammad, Zafar Iqbal, Abdul Jabbar, and Muhammad Yaseen. "Point prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in ruminants in southern Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of Helminthology 81, no. 3 (September 2007): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x07818554.
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AbstractThe present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in ruminants in an irrigated area of lower Punjab (Pakistan). For this purpose, 100 faecal samples were collected from sheep, goats, cattle and buffaloes. Parasitological procedures including direct and indirect methods (sedimentation and floatation) and coproculture were used for the identification of helminths. The overall prevalence of helminthiasis was 51% in cattle, 47% in buffaloes, 62% in sheep and 52% in goats, with nematodes being the most common helminths. The prevalence of helminths was higher in young animals compared with adults in cattle (P < 0.0001), buffaloes (P < 0.0001), sheep (P < 0.059) and goats (P = 0.010). The prevalence of different species of helminths also varied in different age groups, with Toxocara vitulorum being higher in calves than adults both in cattle (P = 0.017) and buffaloes (P < 0.0001). Sex-wise prevalence of helminths was higher in males than females for buffaloes (P < 0.0001) and sheep (P = 0.014) in contrast to cattle and goats.
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Rollinson, D., T. K. Walker, and A. J. G. Simpson. "The application of recombinant DNA technology to problems of helminth identification." Parasitology 92, S1 (January 1986): S53—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000085693.
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During the past decade, enormous technological developments have occurred in biology that have led to significant and revolutionary advances. New techniques of DNA cloning, restriction-enzyme analyses and nucleotide sequencing are providing a mass of data concerning the genomes of a wide variety of organisms. Such insights are having a great impact upon many areas of biological investigation, and would seem to be of considerable potential value for studies of taxonomy and population biology. The application of these new approaches to the characterization and identification of parasitic helminths has only recently begun, but they promise to become powerful additional tools for this purpose. Better methods of characterization are required for more precise definition of the parasites of man and domestic animals and for determining vectors and intermediate hosts as well as possible animal reservoir hosts. Moreover, a greater understanding of the genetic diversity of parasitic organisms is required since many helminths, which are morphologically similar, show marked differences in epidemiologically significant factors such as infectivity, pathogenicity, immunogenicity and drug sensitivity.
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Britton, Collette, Alan D. Winter, Victoria Gillan, and Eileen Devaney. "microRNAs of parasitic helminths – Identification, characterization and potential as drug targets." International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance 4, no. 2 (August 2014): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpddr.2014.03.001.
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Pinto, Roberto Magalhães, Delir Corrêa Gomes, Rodrigo Caldas Menezes, Cláudia Torres Gomes, and Dely Noronha. "Helminths of rabbits (Lagomorpha, Leporidae) deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 21, no. 3 (September 2004): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752004000300023.
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Helminth samples (n = 35) recovered from Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) Lilljeborg, 1873 (3) and from another rabbit species, Sylvilagus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Thomas, 1901 (32), from August 1909 to February 1948 and that are deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute were analyzed. The studied samples were represented by the cysticercus of the cestode Taenia pisiformis (Bloch, 1780) and by the nematodes Passalurus ambiguus (Rudolphi, 1819), Vianella fariasi (Travassos, 1915), Longistriata perfida Travassos, 1943, Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (Zeder, 1800). The scope of the present investigation is to survey the parasites infecting these hosts, commonly used as laboratory animal models in scientific research and supply figurative data on the helminths in order to provide their easy identification, since the presence of autochthonous parasite burdens, if undetected or misinterpreted, can alter the final results of experimental assays, mainly those related to immunological approaches, when cross-reactions can occur.
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Bower, S. M., and L. Margolis. "Potential use of helminth parasites in stock identification of flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami, in North Pacific waters." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 1124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-158.
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A survey of helminth parasites in 68 flying squid (Ommastrephes bartrami) from off the west coast of North America (between latitudes 41°03′ and 48°23′ N and longitudes 129°49′ and 133°08′ W) revealed the presence of numerous juvenile nematodes and cestodes. Larval Hysterothylacium sp. and metacestodes of Phyllobothrium sp. were common (prevalence: 100 and 94.1%, respectively; mean intensity: 54.6 ± 28.1 and 6.4 ± 4.5, respectively). In addition, nine flying squid had a total of 11 Anisakis simplex larvae, and one metacestode of Tentacularia sp. (probably T. coryphaenae) was found in the sample bag that held one flying squid. The only adult helminths recovered were seven specimens of Rhadinorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala) from three squid. The parasite fauna of these squid was sufficiently different from that previously reported for O. bartrami from the northwestern Pacific Ocean to suggest that parasites may prove useful as a tool to determine if intermixing of squid stocks from their feeding grounds in the eastern and western North Pacific Ocean occurs on the spawning grounds.
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Raisová Stuchlíková, Lucie, Martina Navrátilová, Lenka Langhansová, Kateřina Moťková, Radka Podlipná, Barbora Szotáková, and Lenka Skálová. "The Identification of Metabolites and Effects of Albendazole in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 5943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165943.
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Albendazole (ABZ), a widely used anthelmintic drug, enters the environment mainly via livestock excrements. To evaluate the environmental impact of ABZ, the knowledge of its uptake, effects and metabolism in all non-target organisms, including plants, is essential. The present study was designed to identify the metabolic pathway of ABZ and to test potential ABZ phytotoxicity in fodder plant alfalfa, with seeds and in vitro regenerants used for these purposes. Alfalfa was chosen, as it may meet manure from ABZ-treated animals in pastures and fields. Alfalfa is often used as a feed of livestock, which might already be infected with helminths. The obtained results showed that ABZ did not inhibit alfalfa seed germination and germ growth, but evoked stress and a toxic effect in alfalfa regenerants. Alfalfa regenerants were able to uptake ABZ and transform it into 21 metabolites. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed three new ABZ metabolites that have not been described yet. The discovery of the parent compound ABZ together with the anthelmintically active and instable metabolites in alfalfa leaves shows that the contact of fodder plants with ABZ-containing manure might represent not only a danger for herbivorous invertebrates, but also may cause the development of ABZ resistance in helminths.
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Vemuri, Ravichandra, Esaki M. Shankar, Marcello Chieppa, Rajaraman Eri, and Kylie Kavanagh. "Beyond Just Bacteria: Functional Biomes in the Gut Ecosystem Including Virome, Mycobiome, Archaeome and Helminths." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (March 28, 2020): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040483.
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Gut microbiota refers to a complex network of microbes, which exerts a marked influence on the host’s health. It is composed of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and helminths. Bacteria, or collectively, the bacteriome, comprises a significant proportion of the well-characterized microbiome. However, the other communities referred to as ‘dark matter’ of microbiomes such as viruses (virome), fungi (mycobiome), archaea (archaeome), and helminths have not been completely elucidated. Development of new and improved metagenomics methods has allowed the identification of complete genomes from the genetic material in the human gut, opening new perspectives on the understanding of the gut microbiome composition, their importance, and potential clinical applications. Here, we review the recent evidence on the viruses, fungi, archaea, and helminths found in the mammalian gut, detailing their interactions with the resident bacterial microbiota and the host, to explore the potential impact of the microbiome on host’s health. The role of fecal virome transplantations, pre-, pro-, and syn-biotic interventions in modulating the microbiome and their related concerns are also discussed.
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POULIN, R., and T. L. F. LEUNG. "Taxonomic resolution in parasite community studies: are things getting worse?" Parasitology 137, no. 13 (July 12, 2010): 1967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182010000910.
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SUMMARYSpecies identification is crucial for studies of parasite diversity, yet most surveys include taxa identified only to genus or family level. Using a large dataset comprising 950 surveys of helminth communities from 650 different species of fish, bird and mammal hosts, we investigated what determines the level of taxonomic resolution achieved. Identification of all helminths down to species level was achieved in only one-third of surveys, whereas all taxa were identified at least to genus level in two-thirds of surveys. The species richness of a parasite community and past study effort on the host species did not correlate with taxonomic resolution. However, the higher the proportion of parasite taxa occurring as larvae in a community, the lower the resolution achieved. Also, taxonomic resolution was better overall for communities in birds or mammals than for those in fish, and better for trematodes and acanthocephalans than for cestodes and nematodes. Perhaps the most intriguing result was a clear significant effect of year of publication on the taxonomic resolution achieved in parasite surveys: the proportion of helminth taxa identified at least to genus level has remained high until the year 2000, but has dropped in studies published since then. The loss of expertize in parasite taxonomy happening worldwide is one possible explanation. This downward trend needs to be reversed if we are to monitor new parasite occurrences in the face of environmental changes.
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Guggisberg, Annina R., Cristian A. Alvarez Rojas, Philipp A. Kronenberg, Nadia Miranda, and Peter Deplazes. "A Sensitive, One-Way Sequential Sieving Method to Isolate Helminths’ Eggs and Protozoal Oocysts from Lettuce for Genetic Identification." Pathogens 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080624.
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Different helminths and protozoa are transmitted to humans by oral uptake of environmentally resistant parasite stages after hand-to-mouth contact or by contaminated food and water. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for the simultaneous detection of parasite stages from fresh produce (lettuce) by a one-way isolation test kit followed by genetic identification (PCR, sequencing). Three sentinel zoonotic agents (eggs of Toxocara canis, Echinococcus multilocularis and oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii) were used to investigate the practicability and sensitivity of the method. The detection limits (100% positive results) in the recovery experiments were four Toxocara eggs, two E. multilocularis eggs and 18 T. gondii oocysts (in 4/5 replicates). In a field study, helminth DNA was detected in 14 of 157 lettuce samples including Hydatigera taeniaeformis (Syn. Taenia taeniaeformis) (four samples), T. polyacantha (three), T. martis (one), E. multilocularis (two) and Toxocara cati (four). Toxoplasma gondii was detected in six of 100 samples. In vivo testing in mice resulted in metacestode growth in all animals injected with 40–60 E. multilocularis eggs, while infection rates were 20–40% with 2–20 eggs. The developed diagnostic strategy is highly sensitive for the isolation and genetic characterisation of a broad range of parasite stages from lettuce, whereas the sensitivity of the viability tests needs further improvement.
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Fernández-Álvarez, Á., C. Feliu, J. Miquel, J. Torres, and P. Foronda. "Helminth fauna of wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus in the Canary Islands, Spain." Helminthologia 50, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-013-0125-3.
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Abstract Helminths were examined in 292 wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) collected in Tenerife, Fuerteventura, La Palma and El Hierro islands, and La Graciosa islet (Canary Islands, Spain), from 2008 to 2012. Three species of cestodes, Taenia pisiformis (Taeniidae), Andrya cuniculi and Neoctenotaenia ctenoides (Anoplocephalidae), and three species of nematodes Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (Trichostrongylidae), Passalurus ambiguus (Oxyuridae) and Calodium hepaticum (Capillariidae), were identified. Only 2 species (N. ctenoides and P. ambiguus) were regularly present in all the islands, with an average prevalence above 50 %. Possible causes of the present distribution of helminths are commented. Insular and founder effects on parasite species in isolated ecosystems are demonstrated. The finding of the zoonotic species C. hepaticum solely in La Palma, represents a novel identification of this nematode in O. cuniculus in the Canary Islands.
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Amarante, M. R. V., C. C. Bassetto, J. H. Neves, and A. F. T. Amarante. "Species-specific PCR for the identification of Cooperia curticei (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in sheep." Journal of Helminthology 88, no. 4 (May 31, 2013): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x13000412.
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AbstractAgricultural ruminants usually harbour mixed infections of gastrointestinal nematodes. A specific diagnosis is important because distinct species can differ significantly in their fecundity and pathogenicity. Haemonchus spp. and Cooperia spp. are the most important gastrointestinal nematodes infecting ruminants in subtropical/tropical environments. In Brazil, C. punctata is more adapted to cattle than sheep. Additionally, C. spatulata appears to be more adapted to cattle, whereas C. curticei is more adapted to sheep. However, infection of sheep with C. punctata is common when cattle and sheep share the same pasture. Although morphological analyses have been widely used to identify nematodes, molecular methods can overcome technical limitations and help improve species-specific diagnoses. Genetic markers in the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) have been used successfully to detect helminths. In the present study, the ITS-1 region was analysed and used to design a species-specific oligonucleotide primer pair to identify C. curticei. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was sequenced and showed 97% similarity to C. oncophora partial ITS-1 clones and 99% similarity to the C. curticei sequence JF680982. The specificity of this primer pair was corroborated by the analysis of 17 species of helminths, including C. curticei, C. punctata and C. spatulata. Species-specific diagnosis, which has implications for rapid and reliable identification, can support studies on the biology, ecology and epidemiology of trichostrongylid nematodes in a particular geographical location.
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Quiñones, José D., and Alex M. Mopan. "Identification of Algae as Water Quality Bioindicators in the Water Intakes of Two Municipalities of the Department of Quindío." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 5568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n4-046.
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En los ecosistemas acuáticos, la contaminación provoca una serie de modificaciones fisicoquímicas, repercuten en la composición y distribución de las comunidades presentes, las principales perturbaciones causadas en estos ecosistemas están relacionadas con la contaminación de origen doméstico, industrial, agrícola, minero y deforestación. Las algas son organismos que responden a impactos antropogénicos, convirtiéndose en buenos indicadores de calidad del agua, estos organismos, cuando se encuentran invariablemente en un ecosistema indican alguna condición medioambiental más o menos definida. El objeto de este estudio fue identificar los géneros de algas microscópicas indicadores de calidad del agua, presentes en las bocatomas de dos municipios del departamento del Quindío. El estudio se realizó en el departamento del Quindío, Colombia; en las bocatomas de los municipios de Salento y Montenegro, se realizaron dos salidas de campo en los meses de marzo y mayo para recolectar muestras de agua y medir las variables fisicoquímicas; Se realizó un análisis de comparación canónica entre la abundancia de algas y protozoos con respecto a las variables fisicoquímicas presentes, para esto se halló el índice de Shannon para los géneros de algas y protozoos encontrados en cada bocatoma. Se identificaron 20 géneros de Algas, 4 Protozoos y 3 Helmintos; se halló la presencia de coliformes totales para ambas bocatomas. Los géneros más abundantes de algas fueron Navicula y Oscilatoria los cuales se presentaron en todos los muestreos; los géneros de protozoos que mayor abundancia presentaron fueron Stylonychia y Colpidium y el género de Helmintos que se encontró para ambos muestreos fue Taenia.
composition and distribution of the communities present, The main disturbances in these ecosystems are related to pollution from domestic, industrial, agricultural, mining and deforestation sources. Algae are organisms that respond to anthropogenic impacts, becoming good indicators of water quality, these organisms, when found invariably in an ecosystem indicate some more or less defined environmental condition. The aim of this study was to identify the microscopic algal genera, indicators of water quality, present in the mouths of two municipalities in the department of Quindío. The study was conducted in the department of Quindío, Colombia; in the mouths of the municipalities of Salento and Montenegro, two field trips were made in the months of March and May to collect water samples and measure physicochemical variables; A canonical comparison analysis was made between the abundance of algae and protozoa with respect to the physico-chemical variables present, for this the Shannon index was found for the genera of algae and protozoa found in each mouthpiece. We identified 20 genera of Algae, 4 Protozoa and 3 Helminths; we found the presence of total coliforms for both mouthfuls. The most abundant genera of algae were Navicula and Oscillator, which occurred in all the samples; The most abundant protozoa genera were Stylonychia and Colpidium, and the genus of Helminths found for both samples was Taenia.
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Partridge, Frederick A., Ruth Forman, Carole J. R. Bataille, Graham M. Wynne, Marina Nick, Angela J. Russell, Kathryn J. Else, and David B. Sattelle. "Anthelmintic drug discovery: target identification, screening methods and the role of open science." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (June 2, 2020): 1203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.105.
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Helminths, including cestodes, nematodes and trematodes, are a huge global health burden, infecting hundreds of millions of people. In many cases, existing drugs such as benzimidazoles, diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin and praziquantel are insufficiently efficacious, contraindicated in some populations, or at risk of the development of resistance, thereby impeding progress towards World Health Organization goals to control or eliminate these neglected tropical diseases. However, there has been limited recent progress in developing new drugs for these diseases due to lack of commercial attractiveness, leading to the introduction of novel, more efficient models for drug innovation that attempt to reduce the cost of research and development. Open science aims to achieve this by encouraging collaboration and the sharing of data and resources between organisations. In this review we discuss how open science has been applied to anthelmintic drug discovery. Open resources, including genomic information from many parasites, are enabling the identification of targets for new antiparasitic agents. Phenotypic screening remains important, and there has been much progress in open-source systems for compound screening with parasites, including motility assays but also high content assays with more detailed investigation of helminth physiology. Distributed open science compound screening programs, such as the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box, have been successful at facilitating screening in diverse assays against many different parasite pathogens and models. Of the compounds identified so far in these screens, tolfenpyrad, a repurposed insecticide, shows significant promise and there has been much progress in creating more potent and selective derivatives. This work exemplifies how open science approaches can catalyse drug discovery against neglected diseases.
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Schurer, Janna M., Michael Pawlik, Anna Huber, Brett Elkin, H. Dean Cluff, Jodie D. Pongracz, Karen Gesy, et al. "Intestinal parasites of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in northern and western Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 94, no. 9 (September 2016): 643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0017.
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Gray wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758) are mobile opportunistic predators that can be infected by a wide range of parasites, with many acquired via predator–prey relationships. Historically, many of these parasites were identified only to genus or family, but genetic tools now enable identification of parasite fauna to species and beyond. We examined 191 intestines from wolves harvested for other purposes from regions in the Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Adult helminths were collected from intestinal contents for morphological and molecular identification, and for a subset of wolves, fecal samples were also analyzed to detect helminth eggs and protozoan (oo)cysts. Using both detection methods, we found that 83% of 191 intestines contained one or more parasite species, including cestodes (Taenia spp., Echinococcus spp., and Diphyllobothrium sp.), nematodes (Uncinaria stenocephala Railliet, 1884, Trichuris spp., Physaloptera spp., and Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902)), a trematode (Alaria sp.), and protozoa (Sarcocystis spp., Giardia sp., and Cryptosporidium spp.). Molecular characterization identified one species of Diphyllobothrium (Diphyllobothrium latum (L., 1758) Cobbold, 1858), three species of Taenia (Taenia krabbei Moniez, 1879, Taenia hydatigena Pallas, 1766, and Taenia multiceps Leske, 1786), and two Giardia duodenalis (Davaine) Deschiens, 1921 assemblages (B and C). These results demonstrate the diverse diet of wolves and illustrate the possibility of parasite spillover among wildlife, domestic animals, and people.
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Sukas, Sertan, Bieke Van Dorst, Agata Kryj, Ole Lagatie, Wim De Malsche, and Lieven J. Stuyver. "Development of a Lab-on-a-Disk Platform with Digital Imaging for Identification and Counting of Parasite Eggs in Human and Animal Stool." Micromachines 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10120852.
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We present a lab-on-a-disk technology for fast identification and quantification of parasite eggs in stool. We introduce a separation and packing method of eggs contained in 1 g of stool, allowing for removal of commonly present solid particles, fat droplets and air bubbles. The separation is based on a combined gravitational and centrifugal flotation, with the eggs guided to a packed monolayer, enabling quantitation and identification of subtypes of the eggs present in a single field of view (FOV). The prototype was tested with stool samples from pigs and humans infected with intestinal parasites (soil-transmitted helminths eggs). The quality of the images created by this platform was appropriate for identification and quantification of egg types present in the sample.
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Zhang, Qingxun, Shuyi Han, Kongshang Liu, Jing Luo, Jiqi Lu, and Hongxuan He. "Occurrence of Selected Zoonotic Fecal Pathogens and First Molecular Identification of Hafnia paralvei in Wild Taihangshan Macaques (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis) in China." BioMed Research International 2019 (April 3, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2494913.
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Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are hosts to a range of zoonotic and potentially zoonotic pathogens. The present study firstly provides a broader investigation of the presence and prevalence of zoonotic fecal pathogens in wild Taihangshan macaques, a subspecies of rhesus macaque in China. A total of 458 fecal samples were collected between September 2015 and November 2016. Fourteen genera of intestinal parasites (four genera of protozoans and ten genera of helminths) and twelve genera of bacteria were tested for using PCR amplification. The overall samples prevalence of parasitic infection was 98.25%. Entamoeba spp. (89.96%), Balantidium coli (70.09%), and Isospora spp. (28.38%) were the most prevalent protozoa, whereas the predominant prevalent helminths were Trichuris sp. (93.23%), Strongyloides spp. (73.36%), and Oesophagostomum sp. (31.66%). Ten genera of intestinal bacteria were detected in samples of rhesus macaques, including Shigella (31.66%), Escherichia coli (29.91%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.38%), Leptospira (26.64%), Campylobacter jejuni (18.34%), Salmonella (13.32%), etc. Eight samples (1.75%) were tested Hafnia-positive based on sequences analysis of 16S rRNA and ampC gene. This is the first molecular characterization of Hafnia infection in NHPs. Our cross-sectional prevalence study provides important information for monitoring the potential transmission of zoonotic infections from wild rhesus macaques.
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Flavio, Ashungafack, Yamssi Cedric, Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia, and Vincent Khan Payne. "Malaria and Helminth Coinfection among Children at the Douala Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021 (July 1, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3702693.
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Background. Malaria and helminth infections are major public health issues in sub-Saharan Africa including Cameroon. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors associated with malaria and helminth coinfection among children in the Douala Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (HGOPED) in Douala, southwestern Cameroon. Material and Methods. The study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study that took place from January to July 2020 where 203 children were involved. Blood samples were collected from the children and thick blood smears were prepared and examined microscopically for malaria parasites. Stool samples were also collected and examined through the Kato-Katz technique for the identification of helminth eggs. Demographic and socioeconomic data and information of participant’s knowledge on the transmission of malaria and helminth infections were collected with the use of a well-structured questionnaire. Results. The overall prevalence of P. falciparum infection was 28.8%, while the overall prevalence of helminth was 9.36%. The only species of helminth identified were Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura with a prevalence of 4.26% and 2.95%, respectively, and mixed infection of both A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura with a prevalence of 1.47%. Coinfection of malaria and helminth was observed with a prevalence of 6.90%. Associations of malaria-helminth coinfection with age groups, parent’s educational level, type of latrine, and source of water factors were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05 ), while the prevalence of the coinfection with respect to parent’s occupation, presence of stagnant water around homes, washing of hands after using the toilet, and washing of fruits before eating was statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The findings suggest that helminths and malaria infections tend to occur in children. Not washing hands after using the toilet, not washing fruits before eating, the presence of stagnant water around homes, and parents’ occupation were found to be strongly associated with coinfection. Health education on the importance of better sewage disposal, draining of stagnant water around homes, and other sanitary practices is recommended.
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M'RAD, SELIM, RAJA CHAABANE-BANAOUES, IBTISSEM LAHMAR, HAMZA OUMAIMA, HABIB MEZHOUD, HAMOUDA BABBA, and MYRIAM OUDNI-M'RAD. "Parasitological Contamination of Vegetables Sold in Tunisian Retail Markets with Helminth Eggs and Protozoan Cysts." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 7 (February 19, 2020): 1104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-19-559.
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ABSTRACT Foodborne diseases continue to represent an important threat to public health in many parts of the world and are particularly widespread in developing countries. They are essentially acquired through an oro-fecal route via the consumption of uncooked fruits and vegetables. This study evaluated the parasitological contamination of vegetables for sale to humans in Tunisian retail markets. A total of 240 samples of fresh vegetables were examined for helminth eggs and protozoan cysts and oocysts (collectively, (oo)cysts) contamination. The parasitic elements (helminth eggs and protozoan (oo)cysts) were concentrated by sucrose flotation and identified by microscopic examination. The molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus eggs was carried out using PCR. Helminth eggs and protozoan (oo)cysts eggs were found in 12.5% of the unwashed vegetables, and the most common parasites observed in vegetables were coccidian oocysts (4.1%), Toxocara spp. (2.5%), hookworm (2.1%), and Taenia spp. (1.25%) eggs, followed by Pseudolimax butschlii (1.6%) and Entamoeba coli (1.6%) protozoan cysts. Furthermore, parasite contamination differed significantly from one city to another. Taeniid eggs were identified by PCR as E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) (genotype G1). To our knowledge, this study highlights for the first time in Tunisia that fresh vegetables for sale in markets are contaminated with helminths and protozoan cysts, which are potentially pathogenic for humans. The control of these pathogens is in part a question of sanitary education, especially for retail vendors, and in part of improvement in hygiene measures throughout the food production chain, from the field to the consumer. HIGHLIGHTS
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Wikurendra, Edza Aria, Merry Crismiati, and Globila Nurika. "Relation of Parasites in Soil with The Existence of Parasites on Farmer's Nails." Indonesian Journal of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/ijmlst.v3i1.1850.
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Worms is an infectious disease caused by parasitic worms that can endanger health. Worms that often infect and have a very detrimental impact are soil-borne worm infections or Soil-Transmitted Helminths. Soil-Transmitted Helminths still considered insignificant because it is considered not to cause harm or cause death. This study aims to determine the relationship of parasites in the soil with the presence of parasites on the nails of farmers Sumber Urip 1 Village Wonorejo, East Java, Indonesia. The research method was used observational analytic with a cross-sectional study design which involved 18 Sumber Urip 1 farmers in Wonorejo Village. The sampling technique used was Total Sampling. The bivariate analysis uses Pearson correlation with decision making using significant <0.01. The identification of parasites using the floating method in 18 soil samples contained 12 flattering pieces of hookworm larvae and roundworm eggs. While the results of parasite identification with sedimentation method in 18 nail samples of farmers, there are 11 positive hookworm larvae samples, i.e. Ancylostoma duodenale. The correlation test result showed a relationship between parasites in the soil and nails of Sumber Urip 1 farmers in Wonorejo village (significant as P < 0.01). The use of gloves and footwear (shoes) when working on agricultural land, wash hands with soap and brush nails so that dirt is lost, and consume worm medicine can prevent worms infection.
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Gonçalves, Ana Lúcia Ribeiro, Talita Lucas Belizário, Janderson de Brito Pimentel, Mário Paulo Amante Penatti, and Reginaldo dos Santos Pedroso. "Prevalence of intestinal parasites in preschool children in the region of Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 44, no. 2 (April 29, 2011): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822011005000022.
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INTRODUCTION: Children are an important high-risk group for helminth and protozoa infections. Daycare centers are environments where children have proven to be more susceptible to acquiring intestinal parasites. Thus, the purpose of this study was to verify the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children who attended the two daycare centers maintained by the local government of Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from 133 children (73 children at the Public Preschool for Early Childhood Education, PPECE A, and 60 at the PPECE B) following identification according to sex and age and agreement to participate by parents or guardians who signed the free, informed consent form. The samples were examined by the Lutz method. RESULTS: Coproparasitological tests performed on 133 children showed that 29.3% of them were parasitized for enteroparasites or commensals, 6.7% of the children presented polyparasitism. Among the protozoa, Giardia lamblia were the most prevalent and Hymenolepis nana were the most frequent among the helminths. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, analysis of the results showed that intestinal parasites still represent a public health problem, especially among children and in areas where the socioeconomic and educational conditions are less favorable.
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HALWINDI, H., P. MAGNUSSEN, S. SIZIYA, D. W. MEYROWITSCH, and A. OLSEN. "RE-ASSESSING COMMUNITY-DIRECTED TREATMENT: EVIDENCE FROM MAZABUKA DISTRICT, ZAMBIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 1 (May 15, 2014): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932014000170.
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SummaryCross-sectional surveys with carers, health workers, community drug distributors (CDDs) and neighbourhood health committees were conducted to identify factors associated with utilization of community-directed treatment (ComDT) of soil-transmitted helminths in children aged 12–59 months in Mazabuka district, Zambia. The surveys took place in December 2006 and December 2007. In addition child treatment records were reviewed. The factors that were found to be significantly associated (p<0.05) with treatment of children by the CDDs were: (1) the perception of soil-transmitted helminth infections as having significant health importance, (2) the community-based decision to launch and subsequently implement ComDT, (3) the use of the door-to-door method of drug distribution, (4) CDDs being visited by a supervisor, (5) CDDs receiving assistance in mobilizing community members for treatment, (6) CDDs having access to a bicycle and (7) CDDs having received assistance in collecting drugs from the health centre. Despite the effectiveness of ComDT in raising treatment coverage there are factors in the implementation process that will still affect whether children and their carers utilize the ComDT approach. Identification and understanding of these factors is paramount to achieving the desired levels of utilization of such interventions.
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Fumagalli, Matteo, Uberto Pozzoli, Rachele Cagliani, Giacomo P. Comi, Stefania Riva, Mario Clerici, Nereo Bresolin, and Manuela Sironi. "Parasites represent a major selective force for interleukin genes and shape the genetic predisposition to autoimmune conditions." Journal of Experimental Medicine 206, no. 6 (May 25, 2009): 1395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20082779.
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Many human genes have adapted to the constant threat of exposure to infectious agents; according to the “hygiene hypothesis,” lack of exposure to parasites in modern settings results in immune imbalances, augmenting susceptibility to the development of autoimmune and allergic conditions. Here, by estimating the number of pathogen species/genera in a specific geographic location (pathogen richness) for 52 human populations and analyzing 91 interleukin (IL)/IL receptor genes (IL genes), we show that helminths have been a major selective force on a subset of these genes. A population genetics analysis revealed that five IL genes, including IL7R and IL18RAP, have been a target of balancing selection, a selection process that maintains genetic variability within a population. Previous identification of polymorphisms in some of these loci, and their association with autoimmune conditions, prompted us to investigate the relationship between adaptation and disease. By searching for variants in IL genes identified in genome-wide association studies, we verified that six risk alleles for inflammatory bowel (IBD) or celiac disease are significantly correlated with micropathogen richness. These data support the hygiene hypothesis for IBD and provide a large set of putative targets for susceptibility to helminth infections.
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Sokolova, T. S., O. S. Fedorova, I. V. Saltykova, V. A. Petrov, M. M. Fedotova, Yu V. Kovshirina, I. A. Deev, and L. M. Ogorodova. "Helminths and intestinal microbiota interaction: role in the development of noncommunicable diseases." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 18, no. 3 (October 27, 2019): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2019-3-214-225.
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There is an increase in the prevalence of chronic, noncommunicable diseases, including allergic and autoimmune diseases in developed countries. In this regard, the study of factors modifying the population’s immune response is very important.According to the “old friends” hypothesis , insufficiency of infectious stimulation and decrease in prevalence of helminthiasis are associated with development of noncommunicable diseases. Studies revealed that intestinal parasites modulate the host immune response and alter susceptibility to immunological diseases. It is suggested that one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of immune response modulation by parasites is an increase in the content of gastrointestinal bacteria with anti-inflammatory effect. Advanced technologies of microorganism identification provide a deep insight into the microbiota in different pathologies. The study of changes in the intestine and bile microbiota of the host in helminthiases provides new possibilities for prevention, diagnosis and control of such conditions as chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and allergic diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyze current experimental and clinical data on intestinal microbiota in helminth infections and possible association with development of chronic noncommunicable diseases.
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Kholidah, Nidya Husna, Yunita Armiyanti, Dwita Aryadina Rachmawati, Bagus Hermansyah, and Yudha Nurdian. "The Use of Saturated MgSO4 Compared to Saturated Sucrose in the Flotation Method to Identify Eggs and Larvae of Soil-Transmitted Helminths from Plantation Soil." Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ams.v7i2.17093.
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Worms infection is still common in Indonesia with a prevalence that varies around 40% -60% at all ages. This disease can be caused by infection of Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) that require soil media to infect humans. The many plantation lands in Jember are a suitable environment for the development of STH and STH identification in soil can be done by flotation method using MgSO4 solution or sucrose. The comparison of the effectiveness of the MgSO4 solution with the sucrose solution has not been widely studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of using saturated MgSO4 solution with saturated sucrose to identify eggs and larvae of STH in Sumber Wadung plantation soil, Hargomulyo Village, Silo District, Jember Regency using the flotation method. Soil samples were taken as many as 35 samples in the garden area, 35 samples around the river, and 35 samples in residential areas,. The results of identification of STH eggs and larvae obtained Ascarid eggs (1.9%) and Hookworm larvae (0.01%). The number of positive soil samples containing STH eggs and larvae using different solutions is the same as three samples (0.02%).The Wilcoxon test results showed that there was no difference in the results of using the MgSO4 solution with the sucrose solution in the flotation method (p> 0.05) so that the MgSO4 solution and sucrose solution could be used to detect eggs and larvae of STH worms and had the same effectiveness.
Keyword: Soil-transmitted helminths, saturated MgSO4, saturated sucrose, flotation
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Aula, Oyime P., Donald P. McManus, Kosala G. Weerakoon, Remigio Olveda, Allen G. Ross, Madeleine J. Rogers, and Catherine A. Gordon. "Molecular identification of Ancylostoma ceylanicum in the Philippines." Parasitology 147, no. 14 (August 24, 2020): 1718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020001547.
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AbstractHookworms are some of the most widespread of the soil-transmitted helminths (STH) with an estimated 438.9 million people infected. Until relatively recently Ancylostoma ceylanicum was regarded as a rare cause of hookworm infection in humans, with little public health relevance. However, recent advances in molecular diagnostics have revealed a much higher prevalence of this zoonotic hookworm than previously thought, particularly in Asia. This study examined the prevalence of STH and A. ceylanicum in the municipalities of Palapag and Laoang in the Philippines utilizing real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on stool samples previously collected as part of a cross-sectional survey of schistosomiasis japonica. Prevalence of hookworm in humans was high with 52.8% (n = 228/432) individuals positive for any hookworm, 34.5% (n = 149/432) infected with Necator americanus, and 29.6% (n = 128/432) with Ancylostoma spp; of these, 34 were PCR-positive for A. ceylanicum. Considering dogs, 12 (n = 33) were PCR-positive for A. ceylanicum. This is the first study to utilize molecular diagnostics to identify A. ceylanicum in the Philippines with both humans and dogs infected. Control and elimination of this zoonotic hookworm will require a multifaceted approach including chemotherapy of humans, identification of animal reservoirs, improvements in health infrastructure, and health education to help prevent infection.
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Parkhouse, R. M. E., and L. J. S. Harrison. "Antigens of parasitic helminths in diagnosis, protection and pathology." Parasitology 99, S1 (January 1989): S5—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000083384.
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SUMMARYA thorough study of parasitic helminth antigens is a pre-requisite for control programmes based on accurate immunochemical diagnosis, protection by vaccination and perhaps immune modulation to diminish pathological sequelae. Studies should be directed at the identification of those stage- or age-specific surface, secreted and somatic antigens which are involved in the host-parasite interactions responsible for immunity and/or pathology. Current methods of diagnosis of parasitic infections often fail to detect low-level patent infections, which incurs the risk of having a reservoir capable of perpetuating infections. There is, then, an urgent requirement for accurate immunochemical diagnosis, to be used in association with, and for the evaluation of, drug treatment and vector elimination, in parasite control programmes. Given the high sensitivity of current immunoassay technology, the only bar to establishing the necessary immunological tests is the choice of suitably specific antigen/antibody systems. Assays designed to detect parasite products or antigens are a major priority, as they indicate current infection, whereas those which detect antibody only indicate exposure to infection, which may or may not be current. Surface and secreted antigens are the most likely targets for protective immune responses and thus form a logical focus for vaccine design. The cestodes, which present such strong evidence for immunity following natural infection, are likely to yield effective vaccines by modern procedures. Certain antigens must, however, stimulate the humoral and/or cellular responses which are responsible for the undesirable immunopathological consequences of many helminthic diseases. The nematodes and trematodes furnish some extreme examples of such pathology. The ultimate objective in identifying these particular antigens is to utilize them in the appropriate down-regulation of the immune response responsible for such pathology. As an illustration, we have presented an interesting correlation between one particular clinical condition of onchocerciasis (Sowda) and the serological response, defined both in terms of the parasite antigens and an immunoglobulin class-restricted antibody response. Finally, the complexity of these parasite systems and the host response to the parasite should not be underestimated. Modern analytical techniques allow their detailed analysis in terms of the humoral antibody responses and afford the possibility of the future development of control and disease management procedures tailored to each individual host-parasite system. However, novel systems are required to complete the analysis of the cellular components of the immune response to parasite antigens, and functional studies are needed to determine the role that these parasite antigens play in the complex interaction between parasite and host.
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Eko Pradipta, Rengga, Sri Subekti, and Kismiyati Kismiyati. "Identifikasi dan Prevalensi Cacing pada Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Salem (Scomber japonicus) di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Muara Angke, Jakarta Utara [ Identification and Prevalence of Helminthic Gastrointestinal In Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in The Fish Landing Base Muara Angke, North Jakarta]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 7, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v7i1.11244.
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Abstract The high interest of public to Marine fish, making more request of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus). Chub Mackerel is one commodity that has economic and high nutrient value. The Chub Mackerel obtained from the Indonesian importation from China. However, fish importation can be affected by diseases caused by helminthic endoparasites infection. The parasites that infected chub mackerel probably be caused by pollution due to environmental factors that could decreased the immune system, and making a fish easily infected by helminthic endoparasite as Anisakis. This parasite is zoonosis and could infected to human. Therefore, identification and prevalence of this parasite was needed in order to human consumed and managed this fish correctly. The purpose of this study was to identify and to know the prevalence of this helminth that infected a chub mackerel fish (Scomber japonicus) from fish importation that were sold in Fish Landing Base Muara Angke, North Jakarta. Research methodology using survey methods through sampling at locations directly. Fish samples were examined as many as 60 samples of chub mackerel. The main parameters are observed prevalence of helminth and helminth that infect in gastrointestinal chub mackerel. The result identification of helmint that infect chub mackerel descriptively analyzed and presented in the form of figures and tables. The result showed the presence of the third-stage larvae Anisakis simplex that infected the intestinal mucosa and lumen of chub mackerel fish, in Fish Landing Base Muara Angke, North Jakarta with prevalence was 70%.
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Ebmer, D., H. P. Fuehrer, B. Eigner, H. Sattmann, and A. Joachim. "Morphological and molecular genetic analysis of Synhimantus (Synhimantus) laticeps (Rudolphi, 1819) (Nematoda, Acuariidae) from the barn owl (Tyto alba) and the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) in Austria." Helminthologia 54, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helm-2017-0034.
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SummaryIn the framework of the biodiversity initiative and barcoding project “Austrian Barcode of Life” (ABOL) post mortem examinations of the gastro-intestinal tracts of different species of wild birds were carried out and several adult helminths were retrieved. In the gizzard of two barn owls (Tyto alba) and one common kestrel (Falco tinnuculus) acuariid nematodes belonging to the species Synhimantus (Synhimantus) laticeps (Rudolphi, 1819) were discovered. This report illustrates the identification of this parasitic nematode by morphometric comparison and scanning electron microscopic photographs. Furthermore, genetic identification of individual parasites based on a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene was carried out. This report constitutes the first COI-based DNA barcoding of S. (S.) laticeps and its first record in the barn owl (Tyto alba) in Austria.
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Yeshi, Karma, Darren J. Creek, Dovile Anderson, Edita Ritmejerytė, Luke Becker, Alex Loukas, and Phurpa Wangchuk. "Metabolomes and Lipidomes of the Infective Stages of the Gastrointestinal nematodes, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Trichuris muris." Metabolites 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10110446.
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Soil-transmitted helminths, including hookworms and whipworms, infect billions of people worldwide. Their capacity to penetrate and migrate through their hosts’ tissues is influenced by the suite of molecules produced by the infective developmental stages. To facilitate a better understanding of the immunobiology and pathogenicity of human hookworms and whipworms, we investigated the metabolomes of the infective stage of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis third-stage larvae (L3) which penetrate the skin and Trichuris muris eggs which are orally ingested, using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We identified 55 polar metabolites through Metabolomics Standard Initiative level-1 (MSI-I) identification from N. brasiliensis and T. muris infective stages, out of which seven were unique to excretory/secretory products (ESPs) of N. brasiliensis L3. Amino acids were a principal constituent (33 amino acids). Additionally, we identified 350 putative lipids, out of which 28 (all known lipids) were unique to N. brasiliensis L3 somatic extract and four to T. muris embryonated egg somatic extract. Glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids were the major lipid groups. The catalogue of metabolites identified in this study shed light on the biology, and possible therapeutic and diagnostic targets for the treatment of these critical infectious pathogens. Moreover, with the growing body of literature on the therapeutic utility of helminth ESPs for treating inflammatory diseases, a role for metabolites is likely but has received little attention thus far.
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Wong, W. L., W. B. Tan, and L. H. S. Lim. "Sodium dodecyl sulphate as a rapid clearing agent for studying the hard parts of monogeneans and nematodes." Journal of Helminthology 80, no. 1 (March 2006): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2005320.
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AbstractHard structures of helminths have often been used for taxonomic identification but are usually not clearly defined when treated with conventional methods such as ammonium picrate-glycerin for monogeneans and glycerin for nematodes. The present study reports a rapid and simple technique to better resolve the hard parts of selected monogeneans and nematodes using 5–10% alkaline sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). In comparison with established methods, SDS-treated worms become more transparent. In monogeneans treated with SDS, clear details of the hooks, hook filaments, anchors, bars and the sclerotized copulatory organs could be observed. In SDS-treated nematodes, spicules and ornamentations of the buccal capsules could be clearly seen.
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Oliveira, Victor F., Lauro A. G. Moares, Ester A. Mota, Liana K. Jannotti-Passos, Paulo M. Z. Coelho, Ana C. A. Mattos, Flávia F. B. Couto, Brian E. Caffrey, Annalisa Marsico, and Renata Guerra-Sá. "Identification of 170 New Long Noncoding RNAs in Schistosoma mansoni." BioMed Research International 2018 (July 11, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1264697.
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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts generally longer than 200 nucleotides with no or poor protein coding potential, and most of their functions are also poorly characterized. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that lncRNAs can be involved in various critical biological processes such as organism development or cancer progression. Little, however, is known about their effects in helminths parasites, such as Schistosoma mansoni. Here, we present a computational pipeline to identify and characterize lncRNAs from RNA-seq data with high confidence from S. mansoni adult worms. Through the utilization of different criteria such as genome localization, exon number, gene length, and stability, we identified 170 new putative lncRNAs. All novel S. mansoni lncRNAs have no conserved synteny including human and mouse. These closest protein coding genes were enriched in 10 significant Gene Ontology terms related to metabolism, transport, and biosynthesis. Fifteen putative lncRNAs showed differential expression, and three displayed sex-specific differential expressions in praziquantel sensitive and resistant adult worm couples. Together, our method can predict a set of novel lncRNAs from the RNA-seq data. Some lncRNAs are shown to be differentially expressed suggesting that those novel lncRNAs can be given high priority in further functional studies focused on praziquantel resistance.
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Ibrahim, Nada, Ehssan Hassan, Tarek Moawad, and Mahi Ghobashy. "Morphological and Molecular Identification of Some Intestinal Helminths Infesting the Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia domestica) at Ismailia, Egypt." Catrina: The International Journal of Environmental Sciences 17, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/cat.2018.14312.
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Panti-May, Jesús Alonso, David Iván Hernández-Mena, Marco Antonio Torres-Castro, Erendira Estrella-Martínez, César Lugo-Caballero, Victor M. Vidal-Martínez, and Silvia F. Hernández-Betancourt. "Morphological and molecular identification of helminths of the greater bulldog bat Noctilio leporinus (Quiroptera: Noctilionidae) from Campeche, Mexico." Parasitology International 82 (June 2021): 102302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2021.102302.
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Sepalage, Chandima Sarani, and Rupika Subashini Rajakaruna. "Gastrointestinal helminth and protozoan infections of wild mammals in four major national parks in Sri Lanka." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 15 (November 26, 2020): 17093–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5160.12.15.17093-17104.
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A cross-sectional, coprological survey of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of wild mammals in four major National Parks in Sri Lanka: Wilpattu, Udawalawe, Wasgamuwa, and Horton Plains was carried out during November 2016 to August 2017. Fresh fecal samples were collected and analyzed using sedimentation technique, iodine & saline smears, and Sheather’s sucrose flotation for morphological identification parasite eggs, cysts, and larvae. A modified salt flotation was carried out for egg counts. Seventy samples from 10 mammal species: Asian Elephant, Spotted Deer, Water Buffalo, Sambar, Indian Hare, Asian Palm Civet, Sloth Bear, Wild Boar, Grey Langur, Leopard, and four unknown mammals (two carnivores, one herbivore and one omnivore) were analyzed. Most were infected (94.3%) with more than one GI parasites. The highest prevalence of infection was recorded in Horton Plains (100%), followed by Wasgamuwa (92.8%), Wilpattu (90.4%) and Udawalawe (75.0%) with a significant difference among four parks (Chi square test; χ2=35.435; df=3; p<0.001). Nineteen species of GI parasites were recorded, of which Entamoeba, Isospora, Balantidium, Fasciola, Moniezia, Dipylidium, strongyles, Toxocara, Trichiurus and hookworms were the most common. Strongyles (62.1%) and Entamoeba (80.3%) were the most prevalent helminth and protozoan infections, respectively. Overall, there was no difference in the prevalence of protozoans (84.3%) and helminths (87.1%; χ2=1.0; df=1; p=0.317). In carnivores, Entamoeba, Balantidium, Moniezia, strongyles and Strongyloides were common and in herbivores, Entamoeba, strongyles, Strongyloides and Toxocara were common. The quantitative analysis showed strongyles (17.639 EPG) and Isospora (18,743 OPG) having the highest infection intensity among helminthes and protozoans, respectively. This study provides baseline information of GI parasites and their distribution in wild mammals in the four national parks. Although the prevalence of GI infections was high, their intensity shows that they could be incidental infections. When the prevalence of an infection is high but the intensity is low, it is unlikely to be a major health problem leading to the endangerment of a species. Parasitic diseases can not only affect conservation efforts, but they are also natural selection agents and drive biological diversification, through influencing host reproductive isolation and speciation.
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Gurung, Amrit, and Janak Raj Subedi. "Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of pigeons (Columba sp. Linnaeus, 1758) in three temples of Pokhara valley, Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 30 (December 1, 2018): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v30i0.27604.
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The present study was conducted to determine the general prevalence, identification, compare area-wise as well as infection-wise prevalence and find out activities on health care of pigeon (Columba sp.) in three temples viz. Bhadrakali temple, Bindhyabasini temple and Tal Barahi temple of Pokhara valley. Iodine wet mount and different concentration technique (floatation and sedimentation) were used for faecal qualitative tests whereas verbally administered questionnaires for interview and Microsoft Excel and “R” software packages were used inanalyzing data. Out of 120 faecal samples collected by opportunistic random faecal sampling method examined, general prevalence rate of parasitic infection was 69.16%. Total of seven gastrointestinal parasites that includes one subclass of protozoan: Coccidia (19.16%) and six genera of helminths: Capillaria sp. (31.67%), Ascaridia sp. (21.66%), Echinostoma sp.(7.50%), Syangamus sp. (5.83%), Hymenolepis sp. (3.33%) and Hetarakis sp. (2.50%) were identified and reported first time in Nepal. The prevalence rates (55%) of helminths were higher than protozoan parasites (19.16%). The higher prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was in Bhadrakali temple with 77.50% followed by Tal Barahi temple (72.50%) and lowest in Bindhyabasini temple (57.50%). Statistically, the difference in prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection among study area was found to be insignificant whereas the difference in prevalence of single infection (43.83%) and mixed infections (25.83%) were also insignificant. No any activities on health care of pigeon regarding the gastrointestinal parasites were found. The study indicates that pigeons in three temples of Pokhara valley were highly susceptible to gastrointestinal parasites.