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Zvegintsova, N., T. Zharkikh, and N. Yasynetska. "Dynamics of Infection with Strongylidae of the Przewalski Horse (Equus Przewalskii) Population in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone." Vestnik Zoologii 42, no. 4-5 (January 1, 2008): e73-e78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10058-008-0011-5.
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Dynamics of Infection with Strongylidae of the Przewalski Horse (Equus Przewalskii) Population in the Chernobyl Exclusion ZoneDynamics of Infection with Strongylidae of the Przewalski Horse (Equus przewalskii) Population in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Zvegintsova N. S., Zharkikh T. L., Yasynetska N. I.— In 1998 and in 1999, several Przewalski horses (PH) from the Reserve Askania Nova were transferred to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), a free-roaming breeding population was therefore established. Parasitological monitoring of the population was carried out between 1998 and 2006. Before the transportation, PHs were dewormed with Albendazole. On arrival, the PHs were placed in large pasture enclosures for acclimatization, where they were kept between a few weeks and eight months before releasing into the wild. Besides PHs, some domestic working horses were kept in the enclosures. After transportation to CEZ, the level of infection with intestinal helminths in PHs increased. Probably, it was due to the following factors: 1) larvae of helminthes, which survived in intestines after deworming, developed, 2) the pasture in acclimatization enclosures was contaminated with parasites, as PHs shared the enclosures with domestic horses. Over the first three years, the prevalence of Strongylidae were 98.8%, the mean intensities varied from 248.0 ± 51.3 to 612.0 ± 278.2 eggs per gram faeces (epg). A mean intensity in bachelor males was higher than in members of harem groups, as the bachelors had closer contacts with domestic horses. After domestic horses had been transferred outside of CEZ in 2001, the overall intensity in PHs has progressively decreased. During 2004-2006, the mean intensity became stable with range 80.9 ± 25.5 to 138.9 ± 33.2 epg, with prevalence of 93.1%. In 3.5% of faecal samples,Parascaris equorum(Ascarididae) were found; a mean intensity was 29.0 ± 10.7 epg. A few eggs ofAnoplocephala perfoliata(Anoplocephalidae) were found in three samples only. Due to negligible contamination of pastures excluded from farming industry long ago, there are comparatively low levels of infection in the free-roaming PHs. The present level of infection is considered harmless to the horses as clinical symptoms of helminthoses were never noticed.
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Khandsuren, Naranbaatar, Lkhagvatseren Sukhbaatar, Khatanbaatar Igori, Uurtsaikh Zorigt, Battsetseg Gonchigoo, Batsukh Zayat, and Boldbaatar Damdinsuren. "Study on helminths of wild animal." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 31, no. 3 (February 15, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v31i3.1530.
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During the study for biodiversity of wild mammals and their parasite and infectious agents, there have more risky to get natural hotspots due to global warming, huge number of domesticated animals and deficiency of pasture in Mongolia.
Therefore, a major concern of researchers and rangers is survey to ascertain parasites of wild animals, particularly parasitism of migratory birds.
We used to the study totally 224 feacal samples of wild animals, including 96 wild sheep, 101 ibex, 53 wild goose and 24 wild horse.
The study results, found by helminth fauna of 7 genera such as Paramphistomum spp, Moniezia spp, Neoascaris sрp, Trichostrongylus spр, Nematodirus sрp, Haemonchus spp, Trichuris spp, belonging to 3 main classes of helminthes and Coccidia spp protozoa in feacal samples of mountain sheep and the 5 genera of helminthes such as Paramphistomum spp, Moniezia spp, Neoascaris sрp, Nematodirus sрp, Trichuris spp and protozoa Coccidia spp in feacal samples of ibex. The Paramphistomum spp have been found in mountain sheep and ibex for the first time in Mongolia.
The floatation method of feacal egg determination, shown that nematode infection of Ascaridae and Strongylidae in wild horses. The egg of Capillaria spp and oocyst of Eimeria spp in feces of swan goose and the eggs of two genera of nematode (Ascaridae spp, Capillaria spp) and oocyst of Eimeria spp in feces of grey goose were found in the study.
The parasite fauna in feacal samples of certain wild host animals was considered by the prevalence of infection in Mongolia.
Зэрлэг амьтдын гельминтийн судалгаа
Цаг агаарын дулаарал, мал сүргийн тооны өсөлт, бэлчээрийн хомсдол, хүний хүчин зүйл зэргийн улмаас мал, амьтны паразитын тархалт нэмэгдэж, улмаар зэрлэг амьтад гадна, дотор паразит, халдварт болон өвчнөөр өвчлөн байгалийн голомт үүсгэх явдал гарсаар байна. Иймд зэрлэг амьтад, нүүдлийн шувуудын паразит өвчний халдварлалтыг судлан тогтоох, түүнтэй тэмцэх, сэргийлэх арга боловсруулах нь судлаачид, байгаль хамгаалагчдын өмнө тулгамдсан асуудал болжээ.
Бид судалгаандаа 96 толгой аргаль, 101 толгой янгир, 53 толгой галуу, 24 толгой тахийн баасны сорьцыг цуглуулж шинжилгээ хийхэд аргальд трематод, цестод, нематодын 3 ангийн Paramphistomum spp, Moniezia spp, Neoascaris sрp, Trichostrongylus spр, Nematodirus sрp, Haemonchus spp, Trichuris spp зэрэг 7 төрлийн гельминт, Coccidia spp төрлийн эгэл биетэн, янгирт Paramphistomum spp, Moniezia spp, Neoascaris sрp, Nematodirus sрp, Trichuris spp зэрэг 5 төрлийн гельминтүүд, Coccidia spp төрлийн эгэл биетэн илэрч тодорхойлогдоод байна. Үүнээс Paramphistomum spp төрлийн трематодыг аргаль, янгираас анх удаа илрүүлсэн болно. Харин тахь нь Ascaridae, Strongylidae төрлийн нематодоор халдварласан болох нь тогтоогдов. Хошуу галууны баасны сорьцноос Capillaria spp төрлийн нематодын өндөг, Eimeria spp төрлийн эгэл биетний ооцистын халдвар илэрсэн бол бор галууны нийт баасны сорьцноос 2 төрлийн нематод (Ascaridae spp, Capillaria spp)-ын өндөг, Eimeria spp төрлийн эгэл биетний халдвар илрэв.
Энэ судалгаагаар Монгол орны аргаль, янгир, тахь, нүүдлийн шувууд ямар төрөл, зүйлийн паразитаар халдварласан ерөнхий дүр зураг буй болов.
Түлхүүр үг: Аргаль, янгир, тахь, нүүдлийн шувуу, баасны сорьц, гельминт, өндөг, ооцист
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Smertina, Efremova, and Marchenko. "SOME ASPECTS OF EPIZOOTOLOGY OF EQUID STRONGYLATOSIS IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 21 (May 29, 2020): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.397-402.
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The aim of the research was to study the invasiveness of horses with strongylates of the gastrointestinal tract in the Novosibirsk Region. Diagnostic methods generally accepted in helminthology were used in the work, such as the helminthovoscopic flotation method by Fulleborn and the helmintholarvoscopic method by BermanOrlov. Material for our study, namely, feaces samples, were collected at the farms of certain districts of the Novosibirsk Region and private sports stables in Novosibirsk which differ in the technology of keeping horses. The wide distribution of equid helminthiases has been established. The variety of helminths in the gastrointestinal tract of horses is represented by helminths of the Nematoda class, which includes 2 suborders – Strongylata (families Trichonematidae and Strongylidae) and Ascaridata (Parascaris equorum). Parasitoses in horses of the stable and stablepasture management occur in the form of mixtinvasions with strongylates prevailing; Parascaris equorum act as subdominants. The average number of animals infected with strongylates at the farms of the Novosibirsk Region where the stable and pasture maintenance of horses is practiced amounted to 74.9%, respectively, with an average number of eggs 739.9 per gram of feces. In urban conditions, the invasiveness of horses by strongylates is 2 times lower and recorded at 33.3%. Trichonematids are the basis of the strongylate community, however, the infection rate of one-hoofed animals in Novosibirsk is also 2 times lower than at the farms of the Novosibirsk Region and amounts to 25.8%.
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Godéski, Alessandra, and Daniela Pedrassani. "Helmintos em equinos de cabanha da cidade de São José dos Pinhais – PR / Helminths in farm horses from the city of São José dos Pinhais - PR." Saúde e meio ambiente: revista interdisciplinar 7, no. 2 (December 6, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24302/sma.v7i2.1611.
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O cavalo sempre apresentou grande importância na história da humanidade, sendo utilizado tanto para trabalho, como para lazer e provas equestres. Dentre as enfermidades que podem os acometer, a verminose é preocupante pois a fauna parasitária é responsável pela diminuição da performance e por causar inúmeros prejuízos na criação de equinos. Diante deste fato, este estudo teve o objetivo de verificar a prevalência de parasitas em equinos da raça crioula, alojados em uma cabanha na cidade de São José dos Pinhais – PR e analisar as possíveis associações entre o parasitismo, a idade e o sexo dos animais. Para isso amostras fecais foram coletadas diretamente da ampola retal de todos os animais da cabanha (n=35) e analisadas pelos métodos Gordon e Whitlock modificado sensível para 25 OPG; de Willis-Mollay e de Hoffmann, Pons e Janer. As coproculturas foram realizadas pela técnica de Roberts e O’Sullivan. As associações entre sexo e idade e parasitismo foram avaliadadas pelo Teste de Fisher e considerando significativo quando p≤0,05. Todos os animais da cabanha apresentaram nas fezes ovos de helmintos, entretanto a carga parasitária foi considerada baixa (102±225 OPG). Nos cavalos com até 2 anos de idade, 100% apresentaram parasitismo por nematódeos da ordem Strongylida e 71,4% por Parascaris equorum. Naqueles cavalos com 3 a 15 anos, 96,4% apresentaram parasitismo por nematódeos da ordem Strongylida, 46,4% por P.equorum, 20,4% por Anoplocephala e 20,4% por Oxyuris equi. Nas culturas de fezes, as larvas eclodidas dos ovos da ordem Strongylida foram todas identificadas como de pequenos estrongilídeos. O parasitismo não teve influência de idade e sexo foram tanto para P. equorum (p=0,4499 idade/p=0,2489 sexo) e Oxyuris equi (p>0,99 idade/p=0,1931 sexo) e no caso do parasitismo por ciatostomíneos, todos os animais apresentaram positividade, não permitindo analisar associações. Conclui-se que medidas profiláticas, terapêuticas e orientação aos proprietários quanto ao controle da verminose equina são necessárias na cabanha. ABSTRACTThe horse has always presented great importance in the history of humanity, being used as for work, as for leisure and equestrian events. From the diseases that can affect them, the verminous is worrying, since the parasitic fauna is responsible for diminishing the performance and for causing numerous damages in the equine breeding. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of parasites in Creole breed horses from a farm in the city of São José dos Pinhais, Paraná State and analyze the possible associations between the animals’ parasitism, age and sex. For that, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectal ampoule from all animals in the farm (n=35) and analyzed through Gordon and Whitlock modified method, sensitive to 25 EPG; of Willis-Mollay and Hoffmann, Pons and Janer. The coprocultures were performed through Roberts and O'Sullivan technique. The associations between sex, age and parasitism were performed through the Fisher Test and considered significant when p≤0.05. All farm animals presented helminths eggs in the feces, however the parasite load was considered low (102 ± 228 EPG). In horses up to 2 years old, 100% presented parasitism by nematodes within the order Strongylida and 71.4% presented Parascaris equorum. In horses 3 to 15 years old, 96.4% presented parasitism by Strongylid nematodes; 46.4% by P. equorum; 20.4% by Anoplocephala; 20.4% by Oxyuris equi. In fecal culture, the hatched larvae from Strongylida order were all identified as from small Strongylid. The frequency of parasitism independent of age and sex were as for P. equorum (p=0.4499 age / p=0.2489 sex) as for Oxyuris equi (p>0.99 age/ p=0.1931 sex). And in the case of parasitism by cyathostome, all animals were positive, however it was impossible to test association between the animals. It was concluded that prophylactic, therapeutic measures and guidance to the owners regarding the control of equine verminosis are necessary in the farm.
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Hota, Sourabh Ranjan, Sonali Sahoo, Manojita Dash, Avishek Pahari, Bijayendranath Mohanty, and Niranjana Sahoo. "Molecular detection of Murshidia linstowi in a free-ranging dead elephant calf." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 15359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4961.12.3.15359-15363.
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Gastrointestinal helminths are ubiquitous in both domestic and wild animals. Infections are often sub-clinical except in circumstances of destabilization of host-parasite equilibrium by innate or environmental factors. The present case deals with microscopic and molecular diagnosis of Murshidia linstowi recovered from an elephant. A post-mortem examination of a free-ranging juvenile male elephant calf that had died of electrocution in Athagarh Wildlife Division revealed the presence of slender, whitish nematodes in the stomach. No gross lesions were noticed either in the site of predilection or any other internal organs. The average length of the parasites was 3.8cm. These parasites were collected for further gross as well as microscopic examination following routine parasitological techniques. Temporary mounts prepared after cleaning the nematodes in lactophenol were observed under a microscope. Morphological features such as a well-developed mouth collar, large and globular buccal capsule with fine tubercles, cone shaped oesophageal funnel, short bursa having indistinctly divided lobes and closely apposed ventral rays and stout spicules with club shaped tips bent dorsally corroborated with that of M.linstowi (male). Amplification of the rDNA from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using universal nematode primers NC2 and NC5 revealed a product size of 870bp. The PCR product was subjected to sequencing followed by NCBI-BLAST which revealed 98% homology with M. linstowi. A phylogenetic study showed a maximum similarity with M.linstowi recovered from elephants in Kenya. This particular nematode species belonging to the family Strongylidae and sub-family Cyathostominae appears to be the first documented report in India.
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Senlik, B., V. Y. Cirak, O. Girisgin, and C. V. Akyol. "Helminth infections of wild boars (Sus scrofa) in the Bursa province of Turkey." Journal of Helminthology 85, no. 4 (November 30, 2010): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x1000074x.
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AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the status of helminth infections in wild boars in the Bursa province of Turkey. For this purpose, during 2007–2008, 27 wild boars were necropsied and examined for helminths. Individual samples of tongue and diaphragm from 27 necropsied wild boars and an additional 22 tongue and diaphragm samples provided by hunters were examined by trichinoscopy and artificial digestion for Trichinella spp. larvae. Twenty animals (74%) were identified as being infected with at least one helminth species. Twelve species of helminths were detected, with the following prevalence rates: Metastrongylus apri (59%), Metastrongylus salmi (52%), Metastrongylus pudendotectus (52%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum (33%), Globocephalus urosubulatus (22%), Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (19%), Gongylonema pulchrum (11%), Physocephalus sexalatus (7%), Trichuris suis (7%), Ascarops strongylina (4%), Hyostrongylus rubidus (4%) and Taenia hydatigena larvae (4%). Generally, lungworms were the predominant helminths. The highest mean abundance was observed for M. pudendotectus, and the lowest was determined for T. hydatigena larvae. Significant differences in the prevalence and intensity were found for D. dendriticum with respect to host age and sex, respectively. The mean intensity of M. pudendotectus was significantly influenced by the sex and age of the wild boars. This study is the first report describing the presence of M. salmi, M. pudendotectus, D. dendriticum,G. urosubulatus, M. hirudinaceus, P. sexalatus, A. strongylina and H. rubidus in wild boars in Turkey. All analysed muscle samples were negative for Trichinella spp. larvae.
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Lahmar, Samia, Paul R. Torgerson, Hana Mhemmed, Lamia Tizaoui, Néjib Mhadhbi, Abdelkader Bani, Hanan Driss, et al. "Cystic echinococcosis and other helminth infections of wild boar in northeastern and northwestern regions of Tunisia." Parasitology 146, no. 10 (June 20, 2019): 1263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182019000532.
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AbstractThis study identified helminth species of wild boar (Sus scrofa) originating from northeastern and northwestern regions of Tunisia using 297 lungs, 297 livers, 264 intestinal tracts, 120 samples of muscle tissue (tongue, masseter, diaphragm, inter-costal) and 232 faecal samples derived from a total of 591 animals. Host gender was registered for the lung and liver wild boar group, which included 163 males and 134 females. All animals, excluding those used to retrieve muscular samples, were classified into three age classes, <2 (n = 212), 2–3 (n = 208) and ⩾4 years old (n = 141). Helminth fauna of the examined wild boar included 14 parasite species: one trematode (adult, Brachylaemus suis), three cestodes (metacestodes of Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia hydatigena cysticercus, adult, Hymenolepis diminuta), nine nematodes (adults of Metastrongylus apri, Metastrongylus pudendotectus, Ascarops strongylina, Globocephalus urosubulatus, Physocephalus sexalatus, Gnathostoma hispidum, Gongylonema pulchrum and eggs of Strongyloides ransoni and Capillaria spp.) and one acanthocephalan (adult, Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus). Trichinella larvae were not recovered from any of the 30 wild boar examined. Results showed a 73.5% global prevalence of infection with visceral helminths, 67.3% of which were lung and hepatic infections and 80.3% of helminths were recovered from the gastrointestinal tract. The most prevalent parasite was M. hirudinaceus (61.7%) while the highest intensity of infection was observed for Metastrongylus spp. The most prevalent cestode was E. granulosus (18.9%). This is the first detailed study on helminth infections of wild boar from a North African country.
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Lignon, Julia Somavilla, Natália Soares Martins, Alice Mueller, Francine Siegert, Maysa Seibert de Leão, João Luis Trojan Camassola, Thaíssa Gomes Pellegrin, Tatiana De Avila Antunes, Felipe Geraldo Pappen, and Diego Moscarelli Pinto. "PREVALÊNCIA DE HELMINTOS GASTRINTESTINAIS EM EQUINOS DE TRAÇÃO NA CIDADE DE PELOTAS/RS, BRASIL." Veterinária e Zootecnia 27 (July 18, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2020.v27.439.
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Os equinos são utilizados em diversas atividades de trabalho, esporte e lazer, que demandam um bom desempenho e higidez do animal. Um dos fatores que alteram esses aspectos é a presença de endoparasitos. A atividade econômica utilizando equinos para tração é uma prática comum na cidade de Pelotas/RS, visto que muitas famílias dependem do cavalo para seu sustento. É indispensável manter a saúde e o bem-estar dos cavalos, evitando a redução do desempenho no trabalho. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a avaliar a prevalência de helmintos gastrintestinais em equinos de tração na cidade. Para o estudo, foram utilizados resultados de diagnósticos de amostras fecais, obtidos através do banco de dados do laboratório do Grupo de Estudos em Enfermidades Parasitárias (GEEP) da Faculdade de Veterinária na Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). Entre os meses de janeiro a dezembro de 2018, 82 amostras foram processadas através da técnica de Gordon e Whitlock e os resultados expressos em OPG. Do total de amostras analisadas, 90,2% (74/82) foram positivas para algum helminto, apresentando média de contagem de 739,2 OPG. Observou-se maior prevalência de infecções por parasitos da família Strongylidae (74,3%). Infecções por Parascaris spp. e Strongyloides sp. foram observadas com 13,4% e 2,43% de prevalência, respectivamente. Conclui-se que na população de equinos avaliada, a maioria dos animais estavam parasitados por algum espécime de helminto, sendo os da família Strongylidae os mais prevalentes.
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Pepko, V. O., S. V. Zhigalyuk, and R. M. Sachuk. "Environmental and sanitary and hygienic aspects of the prevention of wild helminthosis in the contemporary climate change." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 26, 2019): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas2-3.10.
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The intensification of the hunting industry leads to an increase in the number of animals and creates conditions for the spread of invasions, incl. helminthic. The transboundary position of the Western regions of Ukraine contributes to the expansion of the species composition and habitats of helminths, which in the current climate change can complicate the epizootic situation of dangerous invasions. On the basis of the literature and the results of our own research, potential risks to the hunting economy for the emergence of new helminthiasis caused by the species-species have been identified. In the work the influence on the helminth fauna of ungulates, kept under conditions in the aviary, modifying and regulating environmental factors, is analyzed. The modern changes in the phenology and ontogeny of pathogens of mass infestations, first of all in geo-helminths, have been investigated. For the causative agent of dictiocaulosis, prolongation of the seasonality of invasion by larvae has been established. It is shown that the decrease in the extent and intensity of invasion of individual trematodes correlates with the dynamics of their intermediate hosts. The data on the effectiveness of remediation with aqueous solutions of polyhexamethyleneguanidine chloride, landing sites were obtained by decontamination of soil in wildlife clusters, in order to minimize their infestation by nematode larvae. The proposed remedy is an organic compound, does not scare away animals, but by contacting organic and inorganic constituents of the soil and lose their potential toxicity. Efficiency of destruction of larvae of Strongylid and Strongylate in the sample ranged from 78 % to 87 %, and in the surface (up to 5 cm) soil layers – 96–100 %. Research findings should be reflected in planned antiparasitic measures.
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Slivinska, K., D. Klich, N. Yasynetska, and M. Żygowska. "The effects of seasonality and group size on fecal egg counts in wild Przewalski’s horses (Equus ferus przewalskii, Poljakov, 1881) in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, Ukraine during 2014 – 2018." Helminthologia 57, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0042.
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SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the difference in Fecal Egg Counts (FEC) with regard to group size, age, sex and body condition of wild free-roaming Przewalski’s horses in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (Ukraine), across different seasons, over a five-year period (2014 – 2018). We hypothesized that horses from larger group sizes would have higher faecal egg counts (FECs). The relationship between FECs and the year and season of sample collection, and age, sex and group size of the horses was analyzed. Generalized linear model using positive strongylid FEC`s as a variable response, was used to investigate the differences in FECs between the groups.Nematode (Strondylidae, Parascaris spp., Habronematidae) and cestode (Anoplocephalidae) eggs were also identified. Stronglyids were the most prevalent helminth egg, and had the highest FECs.The model for egg counts of strongylids showed that season and group size of horses were statistically significant. Presence of strongylid eggs was not dependent on age and sex of horses. We suggest that this could be a result of parasite transmission between individuals and groups in places were animals aggregate around water sources or collective farms.Results obtained in this current study broaden the knowledge of gastrointestinal parasites in free-roaming horses under wild natural conditions.
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Loginova and Belova. "HELMINTOFAUNA OF THE YOUNG REINDEER (RANGIFER TARANDUS) IN THE LENINGRAD REGION." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 21 (May 29, 2020): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.199-202.
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Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) traditionally inhabit the circumpolar territories. However, in recent years, about ten reindeer farms have been created in the Leningrad Region, in which imported animals began to breed. Freshly excreted feces of calves were collected in the ethnic park Lesnaya Izbushka and in the zoo Shishki Na Lampushke in the summer of 2019 and on the day of sampling they were delivered to the Laboratory for the Study of Parasitic Diseases at the Department of Parasitology of the St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. Ovoscopy was performed according to the Darling`s technique and sequential washes, larvoscopy was performed according to the Wajda`s technique, and helminthoscopy was performed by macroscopic examination of feces. Nematodes were found in young reindeer from the Lesnaya Izbushka ethnic park: Strongylida (eggs), Capillaria sp. (eggs) and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi (larvae of the first stage). The same helminths were found in the parent herd. In a calf born in 2019 at the zoo Shishki Na Lampushke, no helminthes were found. Since parasitic worms require a certain time from the moment of invasion of the host to the beginning of reproduction, it is necessary to continue monitoring the reindeer. All helminths found in young reindeer are not dangerous to humans.
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Wells, Konstans, Lesley R. Smales, Elisabeth K. V. Kalko, and Martin Pfeiffer. "Impact of rain-forest logging on helminth assemblages in small mammals (Muridae, Tupaiidae) from Borneo." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 1 (January 2007): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003804.
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Parasites are ubiquitous in wild animals, with host-specific life histories considered as major determinants of prevalence and parasite assemblage patterns. It is predicted that habitat differences in logged rain forests influence population performances of small mammals and consequently may change the infection patterns of local animal populations with regard to endo- and ectoparasites. We investigated patterns of helminth species assemblages (Nematoda, Platyhelminthes) in two rat species (Leopoldamys sabanus, Niviventer cremoriventer) and two tree shrew species (Tupaia tana, T. longipes) in three logged and three unlogged rain forests in Borneo by examining 337 faecal samples with non-invasive faecal egg count (FEC). Nematode eggs prevailed in 95% of all samples with up to five (mean 1.9 ± 1.1) morphotypes. Whereas members of Strongylida were most prevalent in L. sabanus, T. tana and T. longipes, Spirurida dominated in N. cremoriventer that revealed at the same time the lowest average nematode prevalence and FEC. Cestode eggs were only found in L. sabanus and T. tana. Composition and abundance patterns of the parasitic helminth assemblages were influenced by logging. As hypothesized, species richness of nematode morphotypes and mean number of infections per host of T. longipes were larger in logged than in unlogged forest. In contrast, L. sabanus was more heavily infected with cestodes in unlogged than in logged forest and also revealed larger egg counts for strongylids and spirurids in unlogged forest. Our results suggest that forest degradation and altered environmental conditions influence helminth diversity and infection patterns of small mammals with contrasting trends among host species. The inconsistent logging-induced changes in helminth assemblages from different hosts indicate that specific sets of habitat-host-parasite interactions are uniquely influenced by the effects of logging. Consequently, predictions on changes of parasite diversity and prevalence with regard to habitat disturbance need to be based on the individual life histories of the hosts (and the parasites).
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Permin, A., H. Magwisha, A. A. Kassuku, P. Nansen, M. Bisgaard, F. Frandsen, and L. Gibbons. "A cross-sectional study of helminths in rural scavenging poultry in Tanzania in relation to season and climate." Journal of Helminthology 71, no. 3 (September 1997): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00015972.
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AbstractA cross-sectional study on the prevalence of helminths in rural scavenging poultry on six hundred adult chickens selected randomly from six villages in the Morogoro Region, Tanzania during the wet and the dry seasons, was conducted. The trachea and gastrointestinal tract of each bird were examined for the presence of parasites. All chickens were infected with one or several species of helminths, the average being 4.8 ±1.7 helminths per chicken during the wet season and 5.1 ± 1.8 during the dry season. A total of 29 different helminth species were shown in the trachea or the gastrointestinal tract. The following species were identified: Syngamus trachea (0.7% (wet season), 2% (dry season)); Gongylonema ingluvicola (6.3%, 17.7%); Tetrameres americana (54.3%, 60.3%); Dispharynx nasuta (0%, 2.7%); Acuaria hamulosa (8.3%, 19.3%); Ascaridia galli (28.3%, 32.3%); Heterakis gallinarum (74.0%, 78.7%); H. isolonche (18.7%, 5.0%); H. dispar (25.7%, 6.3%); Allodapa suctoria (40.0%, 52.0%); Subulura strongylina (3.3%, 1.0%); Strongyloides avium (0.3%, 3.0%); Capillaria annulata (2.0%, 0.0%); C. contorta (9.0%, 1.0%); C. caudinflata (2.0%, 4.3%); C. obsignata (8.7%, 25.0%); C. anatis (4.0%, 9.0%); C. bursata (1.0%, 2.7%); Raillietina echinobothrida (41.3%, 46.3%); R. tetragona (25.3%, 21.3%); R. cesticillus (8.7%, 2.7%); Choanotaenia infundibulum (0.0%, 3.7%); Hymenolepis carioca (9.0%, 18.0%); H. cantaniana (48.0%, 43.0%); Amoebotaenia cuneata (39.3%, 36.0%); Metroliasthes lucida (1.0%, 0.3%); Davainea proglottina (5.7%, 0.3%) and Polymorphus boschadis (0.3%, 0.0%). No trematodes were found. No correlation was found between season and prevalence, or season and mean worm burdens. Twelve helminths of the species recovered represent new local records.
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Phuphisut, O., W. Maipanich, S. Pubampen, M. Yindee, N. Kosoltanapiwat, S. Nuamtanong, A. Ponlawat, and P. Adisakwattana. "Molecular identification of the strongyloid nematode Oesophagostomum aculeatum in the Asian wild elephant Elephas maximus." Journal of Helminthology 90, no. 4 (July 27, 2015): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x15000541.
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AbstractThe transmission of zoonoses by wildlife, including elephants, is a growing global concern. In this study, we screened for helminth infections among Asian wild elephants (Elephas maximus) of the Salakpra Wildlife Sanctuary, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Elephant faecal samples (45) were collected from the sanctuary grounds during January through November 2013 and assayed individually using the tetranucleotide microsatellite technique. Microscopic examination indicated a high prevalence of strongylids (93.0%) and low prevalences of trichurids (2.3%) and ascarids (2.3%). To identify the strongylid species, small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences were amplified from copro-DNA and compared with sequences in GenBank. The generated SSU-rDNA sequences comprised five distinct haplotypes that were closely related to Oesophagostomum aculeatum. A phylogenetic analysis that incorporated related nematodes yielded a tree separated into two main clades, one containing our samples and human and domestic animal hookworms and the other consisting of Strongyloides. The present results indicate that O. aculeatum in local elephants is a potential source of helminthiasis in human and domestic animals in this wild-elephant irrupted area.
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Francisco, I., M. Arias, F. J. Cortiñas, R. Francisco, E. Mochales, V. Dacal, J. L. Suárez, et al. "Intrinsic Factors Influencing the Infection by Helminth Parasites in Horses under an Oceanic Climate Area (NW Spain)." Journal of Parasitology Research 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/616173.
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A coprological survey to determine the influence of some intrinsic factors (breed, age, and sex) on the infection by helminth parasites in equine livestock (n=418) under an oceanic climate area (NW Spain) was conducted. Faecal samples were individually collected and analyzed by the coprological techniques. The main strongylid genera identified wereTrichonemaandCyalocephalusspp (small strongyles) andStrongylusandTriodontophorus(large strongyles). The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode was 89% (95% CI 86, 92) and 1% cestoda (0, 2). The percentage of horses with strongyloid parasites was 89% (86, 92), 11% (8, 14) forParascaris, and 3% (1, 5) forOxyuris. The highest prevalence for ascariosis was observed in the youngest horses (<3 years), for oxyurosis in the >10 years animals, and for strongylosis in the 3–10 years ones. Females were significantly more parasitized than males. A negative correlation between the age and the egg-excretion of ascarids and strongyles was recorded. The autochthonous and the English Pure Blood horses were the most parasitized. We concluded that the infections by helminths, especially the strongyloids, are significantly common in the region, so that greater importance should be given to this situation.
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Irdeeva, Viktoria A., Svetlana A. Shemetova, Rudolf S. Arakelyuan, Gennadyi L. Shendo, and Nina V. Polyanskaya. "Parasitic contamination of soil in astrakhan region. analysis of work in 2010–2019." Perm Medical Journal 38, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj382126-132.
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Objective. We studied the contamination of the soil with helminth-protozoan infestations in Astrakhan region for 20102019.
Materials and methods. The research work was carried out in the Laboratory of Bacteriological and Parasitological Research of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Astrakhan Region in 20102019. A total of 10 692 soil samples were examined, and 11 384 studies were performed. The number of samples, which did not meet the sanitary and parasitological indicators was 7.0 % (753 samples). Eggs and larvae of helminths, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa were found in these samples.
Results. During the analyzed period, 86 491 samples of sanitary and parasitological studies were selected and examined in the Astrakhan region, of which 93.6 % (80 962 samples) were samples taken from various environmental objects (water, soil, manure, flushes from solid household surfaces). The total share of soil samples in the structure of all studies of environmental objects was 13.2 % (10 692 samples).
Conclusions. Parasitic contamination of the soil remains tense, as evidenced by positive findings in the form of eggs and larvae of helminths, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa. The presence of toxocara eggs and strongylid larvae in the soil indicates contamination of this object with the feces of infected animals. The presence of eggs of ascarids, opisthorchis, pygmy tapeworm and cysts of dysentery amoeba in the soil may indicate that this object is contaminated with the feces of persons with parasitic infestation, or about accidents on the sewer network and underflooding of soil sampling sites.
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Biolchi, Juliano, and Daniela Pedrassani. "PARASITAS GASTROINTESTINAIS EM OVINOS CRIADOS NA REGIÃO DO PLANALTO NORTE CATARINENSE." Iniciação Científica Cesumar 21, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/1518-1243.2019v21n2p143-152.
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A exploração na ovinocultura vem contribuindo ao longo dos anos no agronegócio brasileiro e para a economia mundial, concentrando seus rebanhos principalmente nas regiões Nordeste e Sul. Entretanto, mesmo com a crescente demanda de produtos como a carne, leite e lã, ainda se apresentam limitações pelas inúmeras condições de manejo sanitário. Devido as parasitoses gastrointestinais diretamente interferirem na sanidade dos rebanhos, objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de parasitas gastrointestinais em rebanhos ovinos dos municípios de Canoinhas e Três Barras, Estado de Santa Catarina. Entre maio e junho de 2019, foram examinadas, pela técnica de Gordon e Whitlock e coprocultura, amostras fecais de 103 ovinos puros e mestiços e de diferentes faixas etárias procedentes de quatro rebanhos. As variáveis (raça, idade, gênero e rebanho) foram analisadas pelos testes de Student e qui-quadrado. Observou-se em 67,96% dos ovinos amostrados a presença de oocistos do gênero Eimeria e 80,58% de positivos para ovos de helmintos gastrointestinais, dos quais a ordem Strongylida e os gêneros Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp. e Moniezia sp. estavam presentes. Dentre estes, 64,08% estavam com infecção mista por helmintos e protozoários. As larvas identificadas das coproculturas indicaram infecções pelos gêneros: Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum, Trichostrongylus Cooperia e Ostertagia. O grau de infecção parasitária apresentou diferença estatística para os helmintos da ordem Strongylida quando comparados os borregos com animais adultos (p=0,011). Os gêneros Haemonchus e Trichostrongylus mostraram ser os mais importantes e abundantes no parasitismo gastrointestinal detectado nos ovinos do Planalto Norte Catarinense.
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Slivinska, K., G. Dvojnos, and G. Kopij. "Helminth fauna of sympatric Przewalski’s Equus przewalskii Poljakov, 1881 and domestic horses E. caballus L. in the Chernobyl exclusion zone, Ukraine." Helminthologia 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-006-0006-0.
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AbstractIn 1998 Przewalski’s horses have been introduced in the Chernobyl exclusion zone (CEZ), N Ukraine. They live in the zone under natural conditions. No anthelminthic treatment to these introduced horses has been applied to date. In this same area, 19 domestic horses were also stabled by some peasants. Eighteen years after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and five years after this introduction, the diagnostic dehelminthisation method has been applied both to the Przewalski’s horses (n = 21) and the domestic horses (n = 6). In addition, in one Przewalski’s and one domestic horse helmith fauna was surveyed using the post-mortem method. A total of 29 and 19 helminth species has been recorded in the Przewalski’s and domestic horses respectively. Only six helminth species were common for the two horse species compared. Species from the family Strongylidae constituted the dominant helminth group. Four cyathostomine species (Cyathostomum catinatum; Cylicostephanus minutus, C. longibursatus, Cylicocyclus nassatus) formed the majority of helminth parasites both in the Przewalski’s and domestic horses. Our findings suggest that the CEZ has no effect on the species diversity of helminth fauna parasiting Przewalski’s horses, neither it has an effect on the prevalence and intensity of parasite infestation. Behavioural and ecological studies also support the lack of such effect.
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Pinilla Leon, Juan Carlos, Nelson Uribe Delgado, and Angel Alberto Florez. "Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle and sheep in three municipalities in the Colombian Northeastern Mountain." Veterinary World 12, no. 1 (January 2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.48-54.
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Aim: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in cattle and sheep from three municipalities in the Colombian Northeastern Mountain. Materials and Methods: Overall, 200 fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum in cattle and sheep. The presence of helminths eggs and coccidial oocysts in fecal samples was detected using McMaster and Dennis techniques. Identification of eggs or oocysts was done on the basis of morphology and size of the eggs or oocysts. Results: The global prevalence of GI parasites was 56.3%. Regarding the prevalence by municipalities, there was no statistical association (p>0.05), indicating that the prevalence was similar in the three municipalities. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in sheep (63%) as compared to that of cattle (50.5%), but the difference was nonsignificant (p>0.05). The most prevalent parasites were Eimeria spp., Fasciola hepatica, and Strongylida order. Regarding the results for Eimeria spp., different degrees of positivity were observed, but there was no statistical association (p>0.05) with respect to the age group. Likewise, there was no statistical association (p>0.05) between the prevalence for Strongylida order and F. hepatica with respect to the age group. Conclusion: Cattle and sheep in Colombian Northeastern Mountain were infected with helminths and coccidia. The prevalence values of GI parasites were moderate in both species warranting treatment. The presence of F. hepatica represents a risk factor to health public. Future studies are required to evaluate the parasitic dynamics throughout the year and the impact on animal production.
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Sato, H., K. Suzuki, and M. Yokoyama. "Visceral helminths of wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) in Japan, with special reference to a new species of the genus Morgascaridia Inglis, (Nematoda: Schneidernematidae)." Journal of Helminthology 82, no. 2 (June 2008): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x08936191.
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AbstractTwenty-nine Japanese wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax), collected during the hunting seasons of 2005 and 2006 in the western part of the mainland of Japan (Honshu), were examined for their visceral helminths. Eighteen helminth parasites were prevalent in them, including 17 Nematoda species (Metastrongylus elongatus, Metastrongylus salmi, Metastrongylus asymmetricus, Metastrongylus pudendotechus, Stephanurus dentatus, Gnathostoma doloresi, Physocephalus sexulata, Ascarops strongylina, Capillaria suis, Ascaris suum, Globocephalus samoensis, Globocephalus longimucronatus, Strongyloides ransomi, Trichuris suis, Bourgelatia diducta, Oesophagostomum dentatum, and Oesophagostomum watanabei), and one Cestoda species (Pseudanoplocephala nipponensis). Muscle digestion of the diaphragm (using an artificial gastric juice) of 24 wild boars detected a single diplostomulum of probably Pharyngostomum cordatum. In addition, four female and six male adults of Morgascaridia kugii sp. n. (Nematoda: Schneidernematidae) were recovered from the large intestine of a single wild boar. Examination of an additional 20 samples of the stomach and 27 samples of the large intestine could not find this species. To date, recorded species of the genus Morgascaridia are limited to M. sellsi collected from wild boars in Uganda and Congo several decades ago, and thence, no records of the recovery are available. Morgascaridia kugii sp. n. differed from M. sellsi by smaller body dimensions, shorter distance between the precloacal sucker and the cloaca, smaller sizes of the copulatory spicules and the gubernaculum, and smaller sizes of uterine eggs.
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Kaniyazov, Shakarboev, Akramova, and Azimov. "FAUNA OF TRICHONEMATIDS (STRONGYLIDA: TRICHONEMATIDAE) OF THE HORSES OF KARAKALPAKSTAN." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.247-251.
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The faunas of horses trichonematids were studied for the first time in the biogeocenoses of Karakalpakstan. The main material was the gathering of nematodes of the Trichonematidae family – parasites of horses of Karakalpakstan. Helminths were collected in 2016–2018 in 113 animals of slaughter animals according to generally accepted methods. When assessing the degree of infection of horses with trichonematids, standard parasitological indicators were used: the extensiveness of invasion – EI (%) and the intensity of invasion – II (specimen). Under the conditions of Karakalpakstan, in horses we found 31 species of trichonematids – parasites of the large intestine belonging to 7 genera, 3 tribes, 2 subfamilies of the Trichonematidae Witenberg family, 1925. The intensity of invasion by individual species ranged from 0.9% to 38.9%, with an intensity of invasion 8–314 copies. Cases of monoinvasions were not revealed; from 2 to 7 types of trichonematids parasitized in animals at the same time. The fauna of trichonematids of horses includes 31 species belonging to 2 subfamilies: the subfamily Trichonematinaeconsists of 30 species and Gyalocephalinae – 1 species. The combination of these species causes serious diseases under the common name – trichonematiosis, which are widely distributed in the studied region.
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Melnychuk, V., V. Yevstafieva, M. Pishchalenko, O. Reshetylo, and A. Antipov. "Morphological identification of Nematodirus spathiger nematodes (Nematoda, Molineidae) obtained from the small intestine of sheep." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 12, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022119.
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Strongyloidiases are caused by nematodes of the suborder Strongylida and are the most widely prevalent group of gastrointestinal helminthiases of sheep in many regions of the world. Among gastrointestinal strongylids, the helminths of the genus Nematodirus are represented by the largest number of species and highest infection rates in sheep. Nematodirosis causes significant economic losses in the sheep industry through decreased sheep productivity, delayed growth and development of young animals, and a reduced resistance to other diseases. Timely and accurate diagnosis of nematodirosis and identification of the pathogen will effectively prevent the disease and help to carry out treatment and prevention measures. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the definitive morphometric characters of mature males and females of Nematodirus spathiger Railliet, 1896, obtained from the small intestine of domestic sheep. The results of experimental studies showed that nematodes of this species morphologically are characterized by a thin filiform body, a vesicle at the head end and a chitinous tooth in a short oral capsule. The differential morphological features of male nematodes of N. spathiger include specifics of the structure of spicules, their distal end and the shape and location of the rays of the caudal bursa; in females, those are the features of the structure of the vulva and tail end. In identification of male nematodes of N. spathiger, it is proposed to use 40 metric parameters, of which 11 characterize the overall size of the body, esophagus and vesicles, 24 refer to the size of the tail bursa, 5 to the size of the spicules and the enveloping membrane. To help identify the females of N. spathiger, 25 parameters are chosen, of which 14 also characterize the overall size of the body, esophagus and head vesicle, 6 refer to the size of the cuticular formations of the vulva and its location, and 5 to the size of the tail end, the location of the anus and the size of the tail spike.
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Piccoli, Carmela, Sandra Márcia Tietz Marques, Gabriela Appel, Elissandra Da Silveira, Gabriela Bernardino Siqueira, Daiene Elisa Loos, and Mary Jane T. Mattos. "HELMINTOS INTESTINAIS EM CAVALOS DE TRABALHO E DE LAZER DE PORTO ALEGRE/RS." Science And Animal Health 3, no. 1 (March 20, 2015): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/sah.v3i1.4227.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de helmintos intestinais em cavalos de trabalho utilizados em carroças na coleta de resíduos recicláveis e comparar com cavalos de lazer criados no município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, através de exames parasitológicos executados nos anos de 2009 a 2012. Foram incluídos nesta investigação 276 cavalos, 131 animais de trabalho do Projeto Carroceiro e 145 cavalos utilizados para lazer. Amostras fecais foram coletadas e processadas pela técnica de flutuação com solução de cloreto de sódio (D=1.20). A positividade foi de 73% (202/276), com 64,8% (94/145) e 82,4% (108/131), respectivamente, para cavalos de lazer e de trabalho, com maior frequência de ovos da família Strongylidae e baixa ocorrência de Parascaris equorum, Strongyloides westeri e Anoplocephala spp. Nas duas categorias a positividade foi alta mostrando que medidas profiláticas, terapêuticas e orientação aos proprietários quanto ao controle da verminose equina são necessárias.
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Kurnosova, Olga P., Alexander V. Khrustalev, Natalya A. Illarionova, and Irina M. Odoevskaya. "A survey of helminths of polar bears in the Russian Arctic." Czech Polar Reports 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2017-2-16.
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The polar bear Ursus maritimus is a circumpolar species classified as vulnerable and included in the IUCN Red List. It is considered to be practically free of helminth parasites with the only species reported being Trichinella spiralis s. l. Samples of feces were collected on Chukotka coast, Wrangel Island and on ice floes in the Kara, Laptev and Chukchi seas in 2013-2015 in different seasons of the year. Coprological diagnostics was carried out using the standard flotation and sedimentation methods. In the samples collected in the snow-free period, a single sample (3.7%) was found to contain eggs of the nematode Toxascaris sp. In three out of 9 samples collected in the winter, eggs of a cestode Diphyllobothrium sp., of unidentified trematodes (presumably Heterophyidae) and of the strongylid nematode Uncinaria stenocephala were found as well as the first stage nematode larvae tentatively identified as Crenosoma sp. Viable Trichinella nativa larvae were recovered from the muscles of a female animal from north of Yakutia.
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Marques, Sandra Marcia Tietz, Luiza de Campos Menetrier, and Mary Jane Tweedie de Mattos. "Parasitismo simultâneo de helmintos e coccídeos em ovinos de pequenas propriedades do Rio Grande do Sul." Revista Agraria Academica 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v4n12021/84-90/agrariacad.
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Endoparasitic diseases cause great economic losses, mainly due to the anemias they can cause. This research evaluated the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in meat-type sheep of six small gaucho properties. Fecal samples were received at the Helminthology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, and processed by the methods of Gordon & Whitlock (OPG) and Roberts & O’Sullivan (coproculture). The prevalence of infection was 73.86% (113/153), with 87.61% having Strongylida eggs (99/113), in addition to mixed infections with Moniezia and Eimeria. Haemonchus spp. (90%) predominated in coproculture. The high degree of parasitism in animals indicates that more should be invested in integrated control involving animal management and use of medicines.
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Ferraz, Alexsander, Tanize Angonesi de Castro, Tainá Ança Evaristo, Ana Lúcia Coelho Recuero, Paola Renata Joanol Dallmann, Jaqueline Freitas Motta, and Leandro Quintana Nizoli. "Levantamento de Parasitos Gastrintestinais Diagnosticados em Ovinos pelo Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (Brasil), nos Anos de 2015 a 2017." Revista Brasileira de Zoociências 20, no. 1 (August 26, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/2596-3325.2019.v20.24786.
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Foram examinadas, pelo Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2.680 amostras de fezes de ovinos, advindas da região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, entre os anos de 2015 a 2017. A técnica coproparasitológica de Gordon & Whitlock (1939) foi utilizada para o diagnóstico. Das amostras analisadas, 86,5% apresentaram-se positivas para algum helminto gastrintestinal e oocistos de protozoários, sendo a infecção mais prevalente por ovos da ordem Strongylida. Através dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que helmintoses gastrintestinais estão presentes nas criações de ovinos da região sul do estado e, através de exames coprológicos, é possível implementar medidas sanitárias e preventivas nos rebanhos.
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Battur, Khatantuul, and Alix Messeger. "А Prevalence survey of parasitic helminths of cashmere goats in Bayankhongor province, Mongolia." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 29, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v29i1.1368.
Full textAbstract:
Infections with gastrointestinal parasites can negatively affect the health and the overall productivity of infected animals. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infections in cashmere goats in Bayankhongor province, Mongolia. Faeces samples (n = 614) were collected from two sums (Bogd and Bombogor) in Bayankhongor province, Mongolia from July to September 2018 and examined by flotation methods. Positive samples were examined by the modified McMaster technique to determine the parasitic load. The overall prevalence of helminths infections was 44% followed by Strongylids (42.6%), Nematodirus. (36.4%), Moniezia spp. (4.8%), Concurrent infection with two or more species was common, with mixed infection observed in 26% of goats.
Баянхонгор аймгийн зарим сумдын ноолуурын үүлдрийн ямааны баасанд гельминтийн өндөг илрүүлсэн дүнгээс
Баянхонгор аймгийн Богд, Бөмбөгөр сумдад үржүүлж буй ноолуурын үүлдрийн Залаа жинстийн цагаан,Бөмбөгөрийн Улаан ямаанд түүвэрлэлтийн аргаар сонгон авсан нийт 614 ямааны баасны дээжинд Nematodirus (36.4%), Moneiza (4.8%) ,Strongylus (42.6%) төрлийн гельминтийн өндөг илрэв.
Түлхүүр үг: ямааны үүлдэр, strongylus, nematodirus, monieza
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GELDHOF, P., A. VISSER, D. CLARK, G. SAUNDERS, C. BRITTON, J. GILLEARD, M. BERRIMAN, and D. KNOX. "RNA interference in parasitic helminths: current situation, potential pitfalls and future prospects." Parasitology 134, no. 5 (May 2006): 609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182006002071.
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SUMMARYRNA interference (RNAi) has become an invaluable tool for the functional analysis of genes in a wide variety of organisms including the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Recently, attempts have been made to apply this technology to parasitic helminths of animals and plants with variable success. Gene knockdown has been reported for Schistosoma mansoni by soaking or electroporating different life-stages in dsRNA. Similar approaches have been tested on parasitic nematodes which clearly showed that, under certain conditions, it was possible to interfere with gene expression. However, despite these successes, the current utility of this technology in parasite research is questionable. First, problems have arisen with the specificity of RNAi. Treatment of the parasites with dsRNA resulted, in many cases, in non-specific effects. Second, the current RNAi methods have a limited efficiency and effects are sometimes difficult to reproduce. This was especially the case in strongylid parasites where only a small number of genes were susceptible to RNAi-mediated gene knockdown. The future application of RNAi in parasite functional genomics will greatly depend on how we can overcome these difficulties. Optimization of the dsRNA delivery methods and in vitro culture conditions will be the major challenges.
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Cardoso, Cristina Perito, Leonardo Leite Cardozo, Bruna Fernanda da Silva, and Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante. "Gastrointestinal parasites in goats from Monte Castelo, Santa Catarina, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 21, no. 2 (June 2012): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612012000200014.
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This study was carried out with the aim of estimating the degree of gastrointestinal helminth infection in goats on the Northern Plateau of Santa Catarina. Twelve young females and 11 adult females were used. Every 28 days, feces samples were taken to quantify the nematode eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Larval culturing was performed on a pool of positive samples from the same group. The fecal egg counts (FECs) ranged from zero to 10,400 EPG in the young group and zero to 7,600 EPG in the adult group. The mean FECs were between 583.3 and 4441.7 in the young group and between 418.2 and 2181.8 in the adult group. Eggs of the order Strongylida and genera Moniezia and Toxocara, and oocysts of Coccidia, were observed. The young animals were more affected and Haemonchus was the most prevalent genus in the samples.
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Radavelli, Willian Mauricio, Rafael Pazinato, Vanderlei Klauck, Andréia Volpato, Alexandre Balzan, Julia Rossett, Chrystian Jassanã Cazarotto, et al. "Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats from the Western Santa Catarina, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 23, no. 1 (March 2014): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612014016.
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This study aims to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats from the Western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twenty four farms were analyzed in 17 different municipalities. Animals (n=217) from different production purposes (milk and meat) and age were randomly chosen. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum stored in plastic bottles and transported to the laboratory in portable coolers at 10 °C. The technique of centrifugal flotation with saturated sugar solution was carried out in order to investigate the presence of eggs, cysts, and oocysts of gastrointestinal parasites. In 88.9% of the investigated animals, it was observed that the presence of nematode eggs which belongs to the Strongylida order, after cultivation and larvae identification were identified as Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomum spp. Eggs of Thysanosoma, Trichuris, Moniezia, and Neoascaris genus were also observed. Additionally, the presence of oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. as well as cysts of Giardia spp., and Entamoeba spp. were verified. In all the farms evaluated, the animals showed a single or mixed infection, with the highest occurrence of helminths belonging to the Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus genus, as well as the protozoan Eimeria.
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Falcón-Ordaz, Jorge, and Luis García-Prieto. "Análisis morfológico de algunos Tricostrongilinos (Strongylida) depositados en la Colección Nacional de Helmintos del Instituto de Biología, UNAM, México." Revista de Biología Tropical 52, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v52i2.15253.
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Schnieder, T. "Aktuelles zur Bekämpfung und Prophylaxe von Magen-Darm-Strongyliden- und Lungenwurm-Infektionen beim Rind." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 32, no. 06 (2004): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623505.
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ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland sind derzeit Arzneimittel aus den drei großen Wirkstoffgruppen makrozyklische Laktone, Probenzimidazole/ Benzimidazole und Imidazothiazole/Tetrahydropyrimidine zur Bekämpfung von Nematodeninfektionen beim Rind zugelassen. Sofern verfügbar, wird die dermale (pour on) Applikation bevorzugt. Das breite Wirkungsspektrum, die lange Wirkungsdauer und die leichte Applikation der Anthelminthika haben bei Landwirten zu einer deutlich gestiegenen Bereitschaft zur Parasitenbekämpfung geführt. Aus Deutschland ist bisher kein Fall von Anthelminthikaresistenz bei Rindernematoden bekannt, doch zeigen Fälle aus anderen Ländern und die Beispiele bei Pferden und Schafen, dass dies auch bei uns voraussichtlich nur eine Frage der Stärke des Selektionsdrucks ist. Die früher kommerziell verfügbare Vakzine gegen Helminthen (Lungenwürmer) ist zurzeit nicht mehr auf dem Markt. Neue Entwicklungsmethoden und das Fehlen neuer Wirkstoffe haben aber die Aktivitäten der Vakzineentwicklung sowohl gegen Lungenwürmer als auch gegen Magen-Darm-Strongyliden neu belebt. Der Einsatz von nematophagen Pilzen war unter experimentellen Bedingungen erfolgreich, zeigt in der Praxis jedoch noch viele Schwächen, sodass diese Bekämpfungsmethode ebenfalls noch weiterer Entwicklung bedarf.
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Gavrilova, N. A., L. M. Belova, O. A. Loginova, M. G. Roberman, and R. S. Sitnikova. "EPISOOTIC SITUATION ON HEL-MINTHIASIS OF HORSES IN PRIVATE FARMS OF THE LENINGRAD REGION." International bulletin of Veterinary Medicine 2 (2020): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2072-2419.2020.2.37.
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To study the spread of helminth infections and diagnosis of the helminth fauna in pri-vate horse breeding farms of the Leningrad Region, feces were survey studied from foals for a year, animals aged 1 year to 3 years, 3 years to 6 years old, 6 to 10 years old and over 10 years old. Gastrointestinal nematodoses were diagnosed using Dar-ling`s method with advanced flotation fluid, culturing larvae by the method of Petrov& Gagarin, and using microscopy of contents from perianal area.The dominance of gastro-intestinal strongylides in horses of all age groups has been found. Yearlings are infest-ed with trichonemas by 94.1%.Aling with age increasing, the intensity of invasion (II) is slightly reduced. In horses older than 10 years, the prevalence rate of trichonemic infection is 63.9%. Strongyloidosis was de-tected in 70.5% of foals up to a year old.At the age of one to 3 years, a slight decline in II is observed, but when reaching 3 years and further, with increasing age, II gradually increases. Horses from 3 to 6 years of age (II = 80.0%) are more infected with parascaris-es. Yearlings are infested with parascarises by 56.2%, and in horses older than 10 years, II is 30.7%.Horses are less infested with ox-yurises compared to other nematodes.The lowest levels of II by oxyurosis (23.5%) were found in yearlings, and most of all ani-mals were invaded at the age of 6 to 10 years (II = 50.0%).It should be noted that helminth fauna is formed by nematodes, which are geohelminths in the terms of their develop-mental biology.Perhaps there is a correlation between the invasion of horses of all age groups and the characteristics of keeping animals in small private farms.
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Pereira, Jairo Edésio Gonçalves, Michelli Pereira, Rebeca Gonçalves de Lima Magalhães, Ricardo Passamani Melotti, Leandro Becalete Rizzomi, Elizângela Guedes, and José Antônio Dias Garcia. "Avaliação do tratamento integrativo no controle de parasitas gastrintestinais de ovinos." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 10 (August 21, 2021): e594101019124. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.19124.
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Um dos principais entraves para o crescimento do rebanho ovino são as perdas ocasionadas pelas helmintoses gastrintestinais. Deste modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de dois tratamentos antiparasitários para ovinos infectados naturalmente, usando um tratamento alopático Cloridrato de Levamisol 5% e um tratamento homeopático com o produto Homeocapriovi Verm 100, comparando as diferenças da contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e oocistos por grama de fezes (OOPG) dos tratamentos e as concentrações séricas de proteínas totais, globulinas, albumina e a relação albumina/globulina dos tratamentos alopático e o homeopático na resposta imunológica frente às infecções parasitárias. Após análise dos resultados, tanto o produto alopático quanto o produto homeopático utilizado neste estudo preveniram o aumento de OPG para infecção por helmintos da ordem Strongylida e ambos os grupos não manifestaram sinais clínicos de coccidiose. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos na análise da média da concentração sérica das proteínas totais, albumina, globulina e a relação albumina/globulina. Embora o custo tenha sido mais elevado no tratamento homeopático, pode-se concluir que, o mesmo é uma alternativa eficiente no controle de parasitas do trato gastrintestinal de ovinos.
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Gomes, Ricardo Alexandre, Marcos Roberto Bonuti, Katyane de Sousa Almeida, and Adjair Antonio do Nascimento. "Infecções por helmintos em Javalis (Sus scrofa scrofa) criados em cativeiro na região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil." Ciência Rural 35, no. 3 (June 2005): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782005000300021.
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O estudo foi desenvolvido no período de outubro de 2001 a maio de 2002, com 51 javalis (Sus scrofa scrofa) proveniente de duas propriedades situadas nos municípios de Mirassol e Fernandópolis, Estado de São Paulo, sendo 18 animais variando de 150 a 360 dias (Grupo I) e 33 animais entre 30 a 120 dias de vida (Grupo II). O objetivo da investigação foi identificar a helmintofauna e obter subsídio para melhor conhecimento da instalação das infecções helmínticas. Foram identificadas nos dois grupos, respectivamente, oito espécies de nematódeos com as seguintes prevalências: Trichuris suis (16,7% e 30,3%); Metastrongylus salmi (50,0% e 15,2%), Metastrongylus pudendotectus (5,6% e 3,0%); Strongyloides ransomi (27,8% e 12,1%); Ascaris suum (0,0% e 3,0%), Ascarops strongylina (27,8% e 0,0%); Physocephalus sexalatus (5,6% e 0,0%); Oesophagostomum dentatum (22,2% e 0,0%). O total de nematódeos colhidos e identificados nos dois grupos de animais foi de 7958, assim distribuídos: 6573 no intestino grosso (82,6%), 1246 no pulmão (15,7%), 89 no intestino delgado (1,1%), e 50 no estômago (0,6%). As maiores variações de intensidade foram obtidas por T. suis de 1 a 1764 e por M. salmi 1 a 248 exemplares.
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Melnychuk, V. V. "Особливості морфометричної будови імаго Oesophagostomum venulosum (Rudolphi, 1809)." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 78 (April 6, 2017): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7819.
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The study of biodiversity, morphological and biological peculiarities of pathogens of invasive animal diseases in natural and anthropogenically transformed ecosystems is an important task of modern population and applied ecological parasitology. The dominant position among helminthiasis of the digestive organs in ruminants occupy strongylatoses of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the components of the strongylates fauna, which parasitizes on sheep, is Oesophagostomum venulosum Rudolphi, 1809.In order to study the morphological features of the structure of imaginal forms of nematodes of the species Oe. venulosum and determination of their differential metric characteristics, the study of sexually mature oesophagostomes isolated from the intestines of sheep was conducted. Collection of helminths was carried out by the method of complete helminthology of the thick intestine of animals. The congenital morphological features of oesophagostomes are the presence of a clearly separated main vesicle, well-developed major papillae, the outer and inner radial corona around the mouth. Species Oe. venulosum in females is characterized by peculiarities in the structure of the caudal end, vulva, oviduct, vagina. It was found that the length of the body and main vesicle in females was 27.73 and 9.3% higher than that of males and averaged 18.75 ± 0.58 mm and 0.43 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. Indices of body width and major vesicles of mature males and females ranged 0,30–0,64 mm, 0,34–0,43 mm and did not differ significantly. New data on morphological and metric parameters of females Oe. venulosum, which increase the effectiveness of differentiation of helminths to the species. The parameters of the esophagus width in different sites, the width of the body in the vulva and the anus, the width and length of the spherical protrusion in the vulva area are determined. It was found that the length of the eggs in the femoral cavity and in the secretion it secretes significantly changes, the eggs are thickened, decreasing by 13.97%. The length and width of the eggs allocated by the female Oe. venulosum, on average, is 82.51 ± 2.37 and 53.51 ± 1.17 μm, respectively, and have a structure characteristic of the strongylidsc type eggs.
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Bursey, Charles R., and Stephen R. Goldberg. "COSMOCERCA VRCIBRADICI N. SP. (ASCARIDIDA: COSMOCERCIDAE), OSWALDOCRUZIA VITTI N. SP. (STRONGYLIDA: MOLINEOIDAE), AND OTHER HELMINTHS FROM PRIONODACTYLUS EIGENMANNI AND PRIONODACTYLUS OSHAUGHNESSYI (SAURIA: GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE) FROM BRAZIL AND ECUADOR." Journal of Parasitology 90, no. 1 (February 2004): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-3234.
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Boyko, O. O., and V. V. Brygadyrenko. "The impact of certain flavourings and preservatives on the survivability of larvae of nematodes of Ruminantia." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 9, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021817.
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Annualy, helminthic diseases are one of the causes of economic losses in agriculture. Ruminantia are most often observed to be infected with nematodes of the gastrointestinal tract, including Strongyloides papillosus and the representatives of the Strongylida order. Identifying factors which could cause a decrease in the level of infection of agricultural animals with helminthiases would allow stock-raising facilities to regularly achieve high quality dairy and meat production in sufficient quantity. On the basis of this study, we determined the impact of flavourings and source materials approved for use in and on foods (isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl acetate, raspberry ketone, trilon B, methylparaben) on the survivability of larvae of Strongyloides papillosus and Haemonchus contortus, parasitic nematodes of Ruminantia animals. Among these substances, the lowest efficiency against the nematode larvae was found in isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl acetate and trilon B. A stronger effect was caused by methylparaben (for L3 S. papillosus LD50 = 0.67 ± 0.04%, L1 and L2 S. papillosus – LD50 = 0.0038 ± 0.0008%, L3 H. contortus – LD50 = 0.89 ± 0.15%). Minimum efficient dosage of the solutions was 10 g/l. Significant antihelminthic properties were manifested by raspberry ketone (for L3 S. papillosus LD50 = 1.00 ± 0.72%, L1 and L2 S. papillosus – LD50 = 0.07 ± 0.06%, L3 H. contortus – LD50 = 0.39 ± 0.26%). The results show that there is considerable potential for further studies on the antiparasitic properties of these substances against nematodes in the conditions of farming enterprises and agricultural complexes.
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Irdeeva, V. A., R. S. Arakelyan, M. V. Bogdanyants, E. A. Stepanenko, G. L. Shendo, and T. M. Deeva. "SANITARY AND PARASITOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE SOIL OF ASTRAKHAN REGION FOR PERIOD OF 2014–2020 YEARS." Journal of Volgograd State Medical University 75, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/1994-9480-2020-3(75)-145-150.
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The authors analyzed the sanitary and parasitological state of the soil of the Astrakhan region for 2014 – 6 months of 2020, using the materials of their own laboratory research and research of the center for hygiene and epidemiology in the Astrakhan region. In total, during the analyzed period, 8 144 soil samples were studied, and 16 288 studies were performed. The total number of samples that did not meet the sanitary and parasitological indicators was 6,7 %. Thus, in 2014, 16,7 % of soil samples (n = 1368) were examined for sanitar-parasitological indicators, of which 5,0 % of samples did not meet the standards. In 2015, soil studies were also conducted – 12,2 %, of which 6,4 % were unsatisfactory. Thus, in 2016, 15,1 % of soil samples were examined, of which 9,3 % were unsatisfactory. In 2017, 13,4 % of soil samples were examined, of which 7,4 % were unsatisfactory. In 2018, studies of soil samples for parasitic indicators amounted to 16,8 %, of which 7,4 % were unsatisfactory. In 2019 17,5 % of soil samples were examined – the largest number of samples studied compared to previous years. 6,5 % of the samples did not meet the standard indicators. For 6 months of 2020, 8,3 % of soil samples were examined, of which 4,2 % did not meet the sanitary and parasitological indicators. Thus, the sanitaryparasitological state of the soil in recent years continues to be relatively unfavorable, as evidenced by positive findings in the form of larvae and eggs of helminths, as well as in the form of cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa. The presence of Strongylid larvae and Toxocar eggs in the soil indicates contamination of this object with the feces of invasive animals (cats and/or dogs). And the presence of unfertilized Ascaris and blastocysts eggs indicates contamination of this object with the feces of infected people, or there was an accident and a break in the sewer network at this object.
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Santos, Pauline Marie de Souza, Silvia Gabriela Nunes da Silva, Cristina Farias da Fonseca, and Jaqueline Bianque de Oliveira. "Parasitos de aves e mamíferos silvestres em cativeiro no estado de Pernambuco." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 35, no. 9 (September 2015): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2015000900004.
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Resumo: Os animais silvestres são hospedeiros de uma grande variedade de parasitos que podem interferir em sua conservação ex situ. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os parasitos gastrointestinais (PGI) e ectoparasitos dos animais do Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS) do Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) de Recife, Pernambuco, além de determinar os aspectos do manejo em cativeiro que possam estar relacionados com os parasitos identificados. Foram coletados ectoparasitos e amostras fecais de 223 aves e mamíferos, as quais foram processadas pelos métodos: microscopia direta, flutuação e sedimentação. Helmintos e/ou protozoários foram detectados em 91 (40,8%) amostras fecais, sendo 64 (70,3%) de aves e 27 (29,7%) de mamíferos. Ovos de Capillaria sp., Ascaridida, Spirurida e oocistos de Eimeria sp. foram detectados nas amostras fecais das aves, enquanto ovos de Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides sp., Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma sp., Strongylida e oocistos de Coccídios foram encontrados nas amostras fecais de mamíferos. Os ectoparasitos identificados em aves foram Colpocephalum turbinatum, Kurodaia (Kurodaia) fulvofasciata, Halipeurus sp., Naubates sp., Saemundssonia sp., Austromenopon sp., Paragoniocotes sp., Brueelia sp., Myrsidea sp. and Pseudolynchia sp., enquanto em mamíferos os ectoparasitos identificados foram Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma varium, A. calcaratum, A. nodosum, Ornithodoros talaje e Ctenocephalides felis felis. A. calcaratum e O. talaje são registrados pela primeira vez em Pernambuco e T. tetradactyla é apresentado como novo hospedeiro de O. talaje. Nenhum dos animais estudados apresentou sinais clínicos em decorrência da infecção/infestação parasitária. Parasitos com potencial zoonótico como T. trichiura, Strongyloides sp., T. canis e Ancylostoma sp. foram identificados em primatas não humanos e carnívoros. Precárias condições estruturais e sanitárias do CETAS-PE estão relacionadas com os parasitos identificados neste estudo e devem ser levadas em consideração para a adoção de medidas adequadas de controle. Os resultados deste estudo contribuirão de maneira significativa para a conservação de animais selvagens no CETAS-PE e para a saúde dos profissionais responsáveis pela manutenção destes animais.
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Boyko, O. O., and V. V. Brygadyrenko. "Nematocidial activity of aqueous solutions of plants of the families Cupressaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Cannabaceae and Apiaceae." Biosystems Diversity 27, no. 3 (July 24, 2019): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011931.
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In natural ecosystems of animals, introduction of larvae of parasitic nematodes into the litter layer from excrement facilitates their migration and search of new host vertebrate animals. In such conditions they are constantly affected by biologically active substances of the abundant species of plants which grow in pastures. Currently, the influence of substances present in the above-ground part of plants on the vitality of larvae of helminths in the environment remains unstudied. In this article, we present the results of our research on the nematocidial activity in vitro in the aqueous solutions of 21 species of plants distributed in the territory of Steppe Ukraine: Sanguisorba officinalis L., Rosa canina L., Crataegus sanguinea Pall., Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg., Iva xanthiifolia Nutt., Artemisia campestris L., Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Cannabis sativa L., Humulus lupulus L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Vicia cracca L., Lotus ucrainicus Klok., Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Eryngium planum L., Conium maculatum L., Juniperus communis L., Thuja occidentalis L. The level of vitality of nematode larvae of the Strongylida (Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803)) and Rhabditida (Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856)) orders varied depending on the species of plant, and also five experimental concentrations in aqueous solutions tested in seven replications. The most notable nematocidial effect was exerted by Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. – we observed death of larvae of third stage development L3 H. contortus and larvae of first-third stages L1–3 S. papillosus at 24 h exposure to 3% aqueous solution. Three percent aqueous solutions of S. officinalis and A. artemisiifolia displayed nematocidial properties only against S. papillosus: death of L1–3 S. papillosus was observed. Aqueous solutions of R. canina, A. vulgaris, A. minus, H. lupulus, V. cracca, L. ucrainicus, O. arenaria, E. planum, C. maculatum, J. communis, Th. occidentalis had lethal effect only on non-invasive larvae (larvae of the first and second stage L1–2) of S. papillosus. They displayed no nematocidial properties towards invasive larvae of H. contortus and S. papillosus. At exposure to aqueous solutions of the rest of the studied species of plants, over 50% of L3 H. contortus and L1–3 S. papillosus larvae remained alive. The determined patterns allow us to state that while living in the litter and soil in the root zone of plants nematode larvae undergoa negative influence caused by some plant species.
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Irdeeva, Viktoria A., Rudolf S. Arakelyan, Gennadii L. Shendo, Darya S. Aleksashina, Anna M. Sosnina, and Anastasia V. Bolonina. "Food safety by parasitological indicators." Perm Medical Journal 38, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj381135-143.
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Objective. To study the sanitary and parasitological state of food products in Astrakhan Region for their contamination with eggs and larvae of helminths, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa.
Materials and methods. The work was carried out on the basis of the Laboratory of Bacteriological and Parasitological Research of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Astrakhan Region in 20152019. A total of 1.430 food samples were examined and 2207 studies were performed during the analyzed period. The number of unsatisfactory samples was 4.6 % (n = 66) the following was found: larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis 84.8 % (n = 56), eggs and metacercariae of Opisthorchis felineus 4.5 % (n = 3), cysts of Entamoeba histolytica, larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + Ascaris lumbricoides 3.0 % (n = 2), eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis 1.5 % (n = 1) and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + Toxocara Canis 1.5 % (n = 1).
Results. The largest number of selected and investigated food samples was accounted for fruit and vegetable samples 54.3 % (n = 777), of which 8.4 % (n = 65) of the samples were unsatisfactory. In these samples, larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were found 86.2 % (n = 56) of all positive findings of fruit and vegetable products, eggs of Opisthorchis felineus and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica 3.1 % (n = 2 each), as well as unfertilized eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and eggs of Enterobius vermicularis 1.5 % (n = 1 each). In addition to isolated findings, there were noted cases of mixed invasion: larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + unfertilized eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides-3.1 % (n = 2) and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + eggs of Toxocara canis 1.5 % (n = 1).
Conclusions. The presence of Toxocara eggs and strongylid larvae on the samples of fruit and vegetable products indicates soil contamination with feces of invasive animals. The presence of ascarid eggs on food indicates contamination of the soil with the feces of infested persons. The presence of opisthorchis eggs on the samples of cucumbers and tomatoes, and cysts of dysentery amoeba on the samples of cucumbers and cabbage indicates contamination of water used for watering these products with eggs and cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa. The presence of pinworm eggs on cucumbers indicates contact of an infected person with this product. Contamination may have occurred when the product was transported to the laboratory.
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Ramalho Sousa, Sérgio, Sofia Anastácio, Miguel Nóvoa, Adolfo Paz-Silva, and Luís Manuel Madeira de Carvalho. "Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Miranda Donkeys: Epidemiology and Selective Control of Strongyles Infection in the Northeast of Portugal." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010155.
Full textAbstract:
In Portugal, equine parasitism in pasture animals is characterized by high parasitic burden and high helminthic biodiversity; both factors are potentially pathogenic for their hosts. The decrease in the number of donkeys over the last years in Portugal, their importance in rural lowland and mountain ecosystems and pastures and the scarce information regarding their parasitism led to this research, which aimed to evaluate the parasitological status of a Miranda donkey breed population, a native breed mainly located in the northeast of Portugal. This study provides better knowledge of their gastrointestinal parasitism, particularly strongyles, and the assessment of a targeted selective treatment (TST) as an alternative control approach of their parasitism. A longitudinal observational study was developed during a period of five years in a population of 62 Miranda donkeys. At first, strategic deworming of these animals was performed every semester, but this was progressively replaced by a TST approach according to the levels of Eggs per Gram (EPG). This new deworming strategy was conducted in association with a regular parasitological monitoring of the animals every three months, being dewormed with ivermectin when egg shedding was higher than 500 EPG. Over the study period, a decrease of the annual prevalence rate of infection by gastrointestinal strongyles was observed, from 35.5% to 19.4%, as well as a negative binomial distribution of parasitic strongyles in donkeys submitted to selective anthelminthic control. The prevalence rate of infection was higher in females (39.5%), in individuals under four years (46.7%) and in those presenting a lower body condition (40.8%). The egg output was higher in animals younger than four years (589.3 EPG) than in those older than 10 years (533.6 EPG) (p < 0.05). However, no differences were observed according to sex during the study period. Results from this study allowed to note the influence of swampy pastures and of the weather changes in the epidemiology of strongylosis in Miranda donkeys. Moreover, it was possible to establish the annual epidemiological curve of strongyle egg shedding, with June being the month with the highest EPG, December having the lowest EPG and March and September showing intermediate numbers. Overall, a lower biodiversity of gastrointestinal parasites was observed. Cyathostomum sensu lato was the most prevalent genus and Strongylus vulgaris was the most observed large strongyle of the Strongylidae family. Trichostrongylus axei and Parascaris sp. were other nematodes with a minor frequency. The higher prevalence of strongyles at the beginning of the study showed a progressive decrease throughout the research period, and also for parasite biodiversity. Therefore, a targeted selective treatment seems to be a rational anthelminthic control approach in Miranda donkey strongyle infection and in other gastrointestinal parasites, since it reduces the antiparasitic treatments, the parasite’ prevalence and the EPG level. However, a loss of parasite biodiversity was noted at the end of the study period, as Cyathostominae were the only isolated strongyles. This can be a challenging situation in the long run, taking the ability of these nematodes to adapt easily to any deworming program, meaning that fecal EPG monitoring should be kept as a rule to a rational parasite control program.
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Ramalho Sousa, Sérgio, Sofia Anastácio, Miguel Nóvoa, Adolfo Paz-Silva, and Luís Manuel Madeira de Carvalho. "Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Miranda Donkeys: Epidemiology and Selective Control of Strongyles Infection in the Northeast of Portugal." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010155.
Full textAbstract:
In Portugal, equine parasitism in pasture animals is characterized by high parasitic burden and high helminthic biodiversity; both factors are potentially pathogenic for their hosts. The decrease in the number of donkeys over the last years in Portugal, their importance in rural lowland and mountain ecosystems and pastures and the scarce information regarding their parasitism led to this research, which aimed to evaluate the parasitological status of a Miranda donkey breed population, a native breed mainly located in the northeast of Portugal. This study provides better knowledge of their gastrointestinal parasitism, particularly strongyles, and the assessment of a targeted selective treatment (TST) as an alternative control approach of their parasitism. A longitudinal observational study was developed during a period of five years in a population of 62 Miranda donkeys. At first, strategic deworming of these animals was performed every semester, but this was progressively replaced by a TST approach according to the levels of Eggs per Gram (EPG). This new deworming strategy was conducted in association with a regular parasitological monitoring of the animals every three months, being dewormed with ivermectin when egg shedding was higher than 500 EPG. Over the study period, a decrease of the annual prevalence rate of infection by gastrointestinal strongyles was observed, from 35.5% to 19.4%, as well as a negative binomial distribution of parasitic strongyles in donkeys submitted to selective anthelminthic control. The prevalence rate of infection was higher in females (39.5%), in individuals under four years (46.7%) and in those presenting a lower body condition (40.8%). The egg output was higher in animals younger than four years (589.3 EPG) than in those older than 10 years (533.6 EPG) (p < 0.05). However, no differences were observed according to sex during the study period. Results from this study allowed to note the influence of swampy pastures and of the weather changes in the epidemiology of strongylosis in Miranda donkeys. Moreover, it was possible to establish the annual epidemiological curve of strongyle egg shedding, with June being the month with the highest EPG, December having the lowest EPG and March and September showing intermediate numbers. Overall, a lower biodiversity of gastrointestinal parasites was observed. Cyathostomum sensu lato was the most prevalent genus and Strongylus vulgaris was the most observed large strongyle of the Strongylidae family. Trichostrongylus axei and Parascaris sp. were other nematodes with a minor frequency. The higher prevalence of strongyles at the beginning of the study showed a progressive decrease throughout the research period, and also for parasite biodiversity. Therefore, a targeted selective treatment seems to be a rational anthelminthic control approach in Miranda donkey strongyle infection and in other gastrointestinal parasites, since it reduces the antiparasitic treatments, the parasite’ prevalence and the EPG level. However, a loss of parasite biodiversity was noted at the end of the study period, as Cyathostominae were the only isolated strongyles. This can be a challenging situation in the long run, taking the ability of these nematodes to adapt easily to any deworming program, meaning that fecal EPG monitoring should be kept as a rule to a rational parasite control program.
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MEIGOUNI, Masoumeh, Mahsasadat MAKKI, Ali HANILOO, Zeynab ASKARI, Iraj MOBEDI, Saied Reza NADDAF, Nicole BOENKE, et al. "Herbivores Coprolites from Chehrabad Salt Mine of Zanjan, Iran (Sassanid Era, 224-651 AD) Reveals Eggs of Strongylidae and Anoplocephalidae Helminths." Iranian Journal of Parasitology, March 14, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v15i1.2533.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The ancient Chehrabad Salt mine, a well-known archaeological site in Iran, has recently received increasing interest from Iranian and international archeologists. Also, the biological remains from this site have provided valuable sources for studying the pathogenic agents of ancient times. This study aimed to identify the parasitic helminth eggs preserved in the herbivores coprolites.
Methods: From 2011 to 2015, we received three coprolites belonging to herbivorous animals recovered during excavations in Chehrabad Salt mine of Zanjan, Iran. The coprolites were dated back to the Sassanid era (224-651 AD) by using radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and archeological stratigraphy methods. Following rehydration of the specimens in a 0.5% trisodium phosphate solution, the suspensions were mounted in glycerin jelly on glass slides and examined by a light microscope with 100x and 400x magnifications.
Results: Two coprolites belonged to donkeys and one to an unknown herbivore species. The recovered eggs belonged to members of two helminths families, Strongylidae, and Anoplocephalidae. Also, within the two coprolites, some mites, presumably of the order Oribatida, were observed.
Conclusion: The presence of two different nematodes in the equids coprolites provide clues of the burden of helminths infection on working animal at the Sassanid time and demonstrates the appropriate preservation condition of biological remains in the ancient salt mine of Chehrabad as well.
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Qin, Si-Yuan, Ming-Yang Yin, Guang-Yao Song, Qi-Dong Tan, Jin-Lei Wang, and Dong-Hui Zhou. "Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu Province, Northwest China." BMC Veterinary Research 15, no. 1 (November 15, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2101-8.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Little information about the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) in northwest China is available. Therefore, the objective of the study was to quantify faecal egg counts of gastrointestinal parasites (helminths and coccidia) in free-range yaks from Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Northwest China. Results Parasites were detected in 290 of 733 (39.56%) faecal samples. The results showed that Strongylidae, Trichuris spp. and Eimeria spp. were detected all year round, Strongyloides papillosus was detected in autumn and summer, and Nematodirus spp. was detected in both autumn and spring. In contrast, Fasciola spp. was only detected in spring. The prevalence rates of parasitic infections in different seasons were significantly different. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu, China. The results demonstrated a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections, specifically GN infections, in yaks in GTAP and these infections can cause economic losses to the local cattle industry.
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Beveridge, I. "Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the common wallaroo or euro, Osphranter robustus (Gould) (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Australia." Journal of Helminthology 94 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x19001032.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The gastrointestinal helminth parasites of 170 common wallaroos or euros, Osphranter robustus (Gould), collected from all mainland states in which the species occurs as well as the Northern Territory, are presented, including previously published data. A total of 65 species of helminths were encountered, including four species of anoplocephalid cestodes found in the bile ducts and small intestine, and 61 species of strongylid nematodes, all but two of which occurring in the stomach, and with the remainder occurring in the terminal ileum, caecum and colon. Among the mainland subspecies of O. robustus, 52 species of helminths were encountered in O. r. robustus, compared with 30 species in O. r. woodwardi and 35 species in O. r. erubescens. Of the parasite species encountered, only 17 were specific to O. robustus, the remaining being shared with sympatric host species. Host-specific species or species occurring in O. robustus at a high prevalence can be classified as follows: widely distributed; restricted to northern Australia; restricted to the northern wallaroo, O. r. woodwardi; found only in the euro, O. r. erubescens; found essentially along the eastern coast of Australia, primarily in O. r. robustus; and species with highly limited regional distributions. The data currently available suggest that the acquisition of a significant number of parasites is due to co-grazing with other macropodids, while subspeciation in wallaroos as well as climatic variables may have influenced the diversification of the parasite fauna.
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Petrželková, Klara J., Carine Uwamahoro, Barbora Pafčo, Barbora Červená, Peter Samaš, Antoine Mudakikwa, Richard Muvunyi, et al. "Heterogeneity in patterns of helminth infections across populations of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (May 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89283-4.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractConservation efforts have led to the recovery of the endangered mountain gorilla populations. Due to their limited potential for spatial expansion, population densities increased, which may alter the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Recently, clinical gastrointestinal illnesses linked to helminth infections have been recorded in both gorilla populations. To understand drivers and patterns of helminth infections we quantified strongylid and tapeworm infections across both Virunga Massif and Bwindi populations using fecal egg counts. We assessed the impact of age, sex, group size, season and spatial differences used as a proxy, which reflects observed variation in the occurrence of gastrointestinal problems, vegetation types, gorilla subpopulation growth and associated social structure on helminth infections. We revealed striking geographic differences in strongylid infections with higher egg counts mostly in areas with high occurrences of gastrointestinal disease. Increased helminth egg counts were also associated with decreasing group size in some areas. Observed spatial differences may reflect mutual effects of variations in subpopulation growth rates, gorilla social structure, and vegetation associated with altitude across mountain gorilla habitat. Helminth infection intensities in Virunga gorillas were lowest in the youngest and the oldest animals. Elucidating parasite infection patterns of endangered species with low genetic diversity is crucial for their conservation management.
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Betancourt-Echeverri, Antonio, Andrés Pereira-Patiño, Wendy Quintero-García, Paola López-Rueda, and Nelson Uribe-Delgado. "Identificación de helmintos en Didelphis marsupialis (Didelphidae) y Rattus rattus (Muridae) en el área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, Colombia." Actualidades Biológicas 43, no. 114 (April 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.acbi.v43n114a03.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivo. Evaluar la presencia de helmintos en Didelphis marsupialis y Rattus rattus en zonas de invasión del Caracol Gigante Africano Achatina fulica en el área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, Santander. Metodología. Se capturaron ejemplares de Didelphis marsupialis y de Rattus rattus, los cuales se analizaron para presencia de helmintos en órganos internos. Resultados. El nematodo Angiostrongylus sp. no se halló en los vasos sanguíneos de las dos especies de mamífero examinadas. En el tracto digestivo de Didelphis marsupialis se hallaron los nematodos Physaloptera sp., Aspidodera sp., Travassostrongylus sp., Cruzia sp., Trichuris sp. y Capillaria sp., además del trematodo Rhopalias sp. En el tracto gastrointestinal de Rattus rattus se encontraron los nematodos Nippostrongylus sp., Heterakis sp., los cestodos Hymenolepis sp. y un estrobilocerco de Taenia taeniaeformis, este último en hígado. En las heces de Didelphis marsupialis se detectaron huevos Tipo Strongylida, Ascaroidea, Spiruroidea y Trichuroidea y en las de las ratas, se observaron huevos Tipo Strongylida, Ascaroidea e Hymenolepididae. Conclusiones. Las zarigüeyas (D. marsupialis) y las ratas (R. rattus) del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga parecen estar parasitadas por una amplia variedad de helmintos en su sistema digestivo, a juzgar por los hallazgos de varios géneros de nematodos, cestodos y trematodos, solamente con haber procesado dos ejemplares de cada especie de mamífero. Los autores recomiendan adelantar estudios similares en la región, con un mayor número de animales y examinando, además del tracto digestivo, órganos como el corazón y la vesícula biliar.
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Marchenko, Victor Alexeevich, Salavat Samadovich Khalikov, Elena Alexandrovna Efremova, and Mikhail Mikhaylovich Ilyin (Ju). "Efficacy of Novel Formulations of Ivermectin and Albendazole in Parasitic Infections of Sheep in the Altai Mountains of Russia." Iranian Journal of Parasitology, June 2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v16i2.6268.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Parasitic infections are widespread in sheep farms of the Russian Federation, including Siberia. The infection of sheep with helminths and parasitic arthropods with a range of 70% to 100% in different regions, contributes to a decrease in the productivity and quality of products, and even death of animals. This study aimed to formulate drugs with pronounced parasiticidal effects based on ivermectin and albendazole, widely used to treat animal entomoses and helminth infections.
Methods: New formulations in the form of solid dispersed compositions were prepared by mechanochemical modification of ivermectin and albendazole using arabinogalactan polysaccharide. The efficacy of preparations on gastrointestinal strongylosis and monieziosis, and melophagosis of sheep was determined by parasitological examination and analysis of feces and urine.
Results: The new formulations demonstrated increased solubility and parasiticidal activity due to the formation of inclusion complexes when interact with water. The maximum efficacy values (> 95% efficiency) against intestinal Strongylida and Moniezia expansa, and ectoparasitic Melophagus ovinus were seen in doses lower than the recommended doses of the starting drugs.
Conclusion: The increased parasiticidal activity of innovative compositions can be explained by increased water solubility and bioavailability of the preparations, due to formation of inclusion complexes. The results of this study suggests the possibility of a significant reduction in the dosages of composed substances without losing their parasiticidal activity.