Academic literature on the topic 'Hematologic tests'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hematologic tests"
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Mengistu Sissay, Teklay, Melatwork Tibebu, Tagesachew Wasihun, and Aster Tsegaye. "Hematological reference intervals for adult population of Dire Dawa town, East Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): e0244314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244314.
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Background Reference interval (RI) for hematological parameters is used to interpret laboratory test results in the diagnosis, management and monitoring of hematologic disorders. Several factors including sex, age, dietary patterns, pregnancy status, ethnicity and geographic location affect hematological RIs. However, manufacturers derived reference value is currently in use in most developing countries including Ethiopia. This study aimed to establish hematological RIs for adult population living in Dire Dawa town, East Ethiopia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 513 apparently healthy adults of Dire Dawa town were enrolled from January to March 2019. From these, 342 (171 males and 171 non-pregnant females) were aged 18–65 years while 171 were pregnant women aged 15–49 years. After obtaining written informed consent, 5ml fresh whole blood was collected of which 2ml was used for hematologic analysis using Mindray BC-3000plus hematology analyzer and 3ml for serological tests. The 2.5th and 97.5th RI was computed by non-parametric test employing SPSS version 24. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result Males had significantly higher reference value for most of red cell parameters (Hgb, RBC, HCT, MCH and MCHC) than females (p <0.05), while most of the WBC parameters were significantly higher in females than males. Moreover, non-pregnant women had higher values for most of red cell parameters than pregnant women. Pregnant women had higher WBC parameters than their non-pregnant counterparts. Conclusion The hematologic RIs obtained in this study shows variation between genders, between pregnant and non-pregnant women, from the clinical practice currently utilised in Dire Dawa town and from studies conducted in Ethiopia, African countries as well as the Western population. It underscores the need for utilising gender and pregnancy specific, locally derived hematologic RI for better management, diagnosis and monitoring of hematologic disorders for adults of both genders and pregnant women.
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Hicks, Lisa K., Harriet Bering, Kenneth R. Carson, Adam E. Haynes, Judith Kleinerman, Vishal Kukreti, Alice Ma, et al. "Five hematologic tests and treatments to question." Blood 124, no. 24 (December 4, 2014): 3524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-09-599399.
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Abstract Choosing Wisely® is a medical stewardship initiative led by the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation in collaboration with professional medical societies in the United States. The American Society of Hematology (ASH) released its first Choosing Wisely® list in 2013. Using the same evidence-based methodology as in 2013, ASH has identified 5 additional tests and treatments that should be questioned by clinicians and patients under specific, indicated circumstances. The ASH 2014 Choosing Wisely® recommendations include: (1) do not anticoagulate for more than 3 months in patients experiencing a first venous thromboembolic event in the setting of major, transient risk factors for venous thromboembolism; (2) do not routinely transfuse for chronic anemia or uncomplicated pain crises in patients with sickle cell disease; (3) do not perform baseline or surveillance computed tomography scans in patients with asymptomatic, early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia; (4) do not test or treat for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia if the clinical pretest probability of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is low; and (5) do not treat patients with immune thrombocytopenia unless they are bleeding or have very low platelet counts.
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Hicks, Lisa K., Harriet Bering, Kenneth R. Carson, Adam E. Haynes, Judith Kleinerman, Vishal Kukreti, Alice Ma, et al. "Five hematologic tests and treatments to question." Hematology 2014, no. 1 (December 5, 2014): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.599.
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Abstract Choosing Wisely® is a medical stewardship initiative led by the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation in collaboration with professional medical societies in the United States. The American Society of Hematology (ASH) released its first Choosing Wisely® list in 2013. Using the same evidence-based methodology as in 2013, ASH has identified 5 additional tests and treatments that should be questioned by clinicians and patients under specific, indicated circumstances. The ASH 2014 Choosing Wisely® recommendations include: (1) do not anticoagulate for more than 3 months in patients experiencing a first venous thromboembolic event in the setting of major, transient risk factors for venous thromboembolism; (2) do not routinely transfuse for chronic anemia or uncomplicated pain crises in patients with sickle cell disease; (3) do not perform baseline or surveillance computed tomography scans in patients with asymptomatic, early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia; (4) do not test or treat for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia if the clinical pretest probability of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is low; and (5) do not treat patients with immune thrombocytopenia unless they are bleeding or have very low platelet counts.
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Zheng, J., Z. R. Dong, Y. P. Tang, Y. Q. Huang, Q. B. Zhang, F. Dai, and Y. F. Qing. "AB0449 CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RISK FACTORS OF SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS WITH HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM DAMAGES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1252.1–1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3465.
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Background:SSc characterized by varying degrees of fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, clinicians pay more attention to skin and viscera conditions, tend to ignore hematologic system damage. Studies have shown that rheumatic disease such as SLE, RA, pSS often accompanied with hematologic system damages, and hematologic system damages is multiple organ involvement and risk factor of poor prognosis[1-2].Objectives:To investigate the the clinical features, laboratory characteristics and risk factors of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) patient with hematologic system damages.Methods:The clinical data of 180 patients were collected from January 2010 to April 2020, at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. The demographic information, laboratory tests, and clinical symptoms were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Among 180 SSc patients, 70(38.9%) cases were complicated with hematologic system damages. 51(72.9%) cases had anemia, 24 cases (34.3%) had leukopenia, 24 cases (34.3%) had thrombocytopenia, and 22 cases had hematologic system damages associated with more than two cell line involvement. Clinical symptoms: arthritis was significantly higher in the hematologic system damages group than patient without (P<0.05), however, there was no significantly difference in gender, age, disease course, respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, Raynaud’s phenomenon, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension (all P>0.05). Laboratory tests: ESR and hsCRP were increased in the hematologic system damages group, while the albumin decreased (all P<0.05). The positive rates of resistance to anti-dsDNA antibody and anti-ribosomal P protein antibody was higher in the hematologic system damages group (all P<0.05). Prognosis: During follow-up, leukopenia was more likely to recover, while the thrombocytopenia was more difficult to recover. Logistics regression analysis showed that positive of anti-ribosomal P protein antibody maght be a risk factor for SSc complicated with hematologic system damages [OR = 3.930(P<0.05)] (Table 1).Conclusion:SSc complicated with hematologic system damages is common, and patients with hematologic system damages have more serious clinical symptoms, some of whom have difficulty in recovey. Anti-ribosomal P protein antibody may be a risk factor of SSc hematologic system damages.Table 1.Bivariate logistics regression analysis on risk factors associated with hematologic damages in SSc.FactorBSEWaldOR(95%CI)P valuearthritis0.6540.3473.5431.922(0.973-3.797)0.060ESR-0.0810.4870.0280.922(0.355-2.393)0.868hsCRP-0.0070.4920.0000.993(0.379-2.607)0.989anti-dsDNA0.8680.6731.6642.393(0.637-8.916)0.197anti-Rib-P1.3690.6364.6333.930(1.130-13.666)0.031References:[1]González-Naranjo L A, Betancur O M, Alarcón G S, et al. Features associated with hematologic abnormalities and their impact in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from a multiethnic Latin American cohort[J]. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 2016,45(6):675-683.DOI:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.11.003.[2]Skare T, Damin R, Hofius R. Prevalence of the American College of Rheumatology hematological classification criteria and associations with serological and clinical variables in 460 systemic lupus erythematosus patients[J]. Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, 2015,37(2):115-119.DOI:10.1016/j.bjhh.2015.01.006Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Bi, Hongchen, Xiaoli Luo, Haozhi Zhang, Mingyang Wang, Aiming Pang, Sizhou Feng, Erlie Jiang, and Yujie Cui. "Evaluation of Platelet and Clotting Parameters in Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients with Candidemia." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 5441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-188010.
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1.Backgroud In recent years, the number and proportion of deaths from fungal infections have increased year by year. The fatality rate of fungemia is about 0.4 per 100 000 [Pfaller MA, et al. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007]. Chemotherapy can effectively treat hematological malignancies. Data from multi-center studies in China show that the overall mortality rate of patients receiving chemotherapy for hematological malignancies is only 1.5%, and the mortality rate of patients with clinically diagnosed invasive fungi is as high as 11.7% [ Sun Y, et al. Tumor Biol, 2015]. The surveillance data of China Hospital Invasive Fungal Disease Surveillance Network from 2015 to 2017 showed that Candida albicans was the most common pathogen among 4 010 Candida strains isolated from patients with candidemia from 77 hospitals in China [Xiao M, et al. J Infect Dis, 2020]. 2.Methods We conducted a retrospective study that collected relevant clinical information from 34 hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients with candidemia between 2017 to 2022 in Hematology Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The blood specimens of patients suspected to have candidemia were collected and cultured. After diagnosis, they were regarded as the candidemia group, and 107 healthy people were selected as the control group. Candidemia is classified as invasive or non-invasive according to whether it involves tissues or organs damage. Blood routine and clotting related tests were performed at the Clinical Laboratory Center of Hematology Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. 3.Results 3.1 General Characteristics of the Study Subjects A total of 34 hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients with candidemia were recruited. Of these 34 patients, 28 were male and 6 were female. Meanwhile, 107 healthy people were recruited as control group. The characteristics of two groups are presented in Table 1. 3.2 Hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients with abnormal blood routine are at increased risk of candidemia Hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients with candidemia present as lower white blood cell count, lower red blood cell count, higher lymphocyte ratio, lower lymphocyte count, lower monocyte count, lower neutrophil count and ratio, and lower NEU/PLT compared with control group. 3.3 Candidemia cause platelet activation in hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients The PLT and PCT of hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients with candidemia were significantly lower than control group. Meanwhile, MPV and P-LCR were higher than control group. It revealed that hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients with candidemia may present with platelet activation, while PLT and PCT level were low in this group. 3.4 Invasive candidemia can cause a decrease in platelets and an increase in MPV/PLT Furthermore, we found that PLT level was lower and MPV/PLT level was higher in hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients with invasive candidemia than hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients with non-invasive candidemia. 3.5 Candidemia can cause coagulation dysfunction in hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients Hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients with candidemia had coagulation dysfunction symptoms such as prolonged PT and APTT, reduced antithrombin III activity, and high INR. 3.6 Candidemia can cause hyperfibrinolysis in hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients Meanwhile, hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients with candidemia showed reduced TT, increasing fibrinogen, fibrinogen degradation products, and D-Dimer. 4.Conclusion In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that decreasing platelet count and activated platelet function in hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients with candidemia. Invasive candidemia may cause lower platelet count and more activated platelet function in hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients. At the same time, we found that candidemia can cause coagulation dysfunction and hyperfibrinolysis in hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients. We hope that our study can provide a new perspective on the cognition and diagnosis of hematologic malignancies and HSCT patients with candidemia.
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Zhiguleva, L. Yu. "Current structure, organization and evaluation of effectiveness of the specialized outpatient medical care for patients with blood diseases in a metropolis." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 2 (April 15, 2014): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2077.
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Aim. To analyze the structure, organization and effectiveness of outpatient medical care for patients with blood diseases in St. Petersburg, Russia. Methods. 83 reports submitted by the heads of hematological offices at 2000-2012 were analyzed. The effectiveness was evaluated using routine statistical tests. The prevalence of the diseases was assessed by registration forms №7, 35, the data provided by information and analytical center of the Healthcare Committee and the City cancer registry. Medical aid provided to patients at 2010-2012 was studied, for this purpose 250 outpatient files (025/y form) were randomly picked out, the data were collected using specially designed registration cards (254 parameters). Results. Municipal, federal and departmental institutions provide hematologic outpatient medical care in St. Petersburg. The major burden of providing medical care to hematologic patients lays on interdistrict hematological offices, which actively follow-up and treat patients with hematologic cancers. Every sixth patient has complications, and 75% - comorbidities. During the period of study, the attendance rate increased by 33.4% (from 64 766 in 2000 to 86 405 in 2012), the number of the newly-diagnosed patients with hematologic cancers increased by 13.9% (p 0.05), the share of patients with hematologic cancers increased from 28.0 to 50.4%. Cumulative incidence of lymphomas increased from 69.9 to 96.0 per 100 thousand of population; leukemia - from 49.7 to 79.3. Mortality due to lymphomas decreased from 8.1% in 2001 to 5.3% in 2012, and due to leukemia - from 9.2% to 3.6%. Five-year survival rate of patients with leukemia increased from 56.6% to 63.2 % over the period of 2010-2012. Conclusion. The study shows the effectiveness of outpatient hematologic care in St. Petersburg. To further improve the efficiency of outpatient hematologic care in metropolis, it is important to improve the knowledge of hematologic diseases by doctors and pediatricians of general healthcare network, to review the workload of hematological office staff, to focus on preventive component of hematologic care (quality of occupational medical examinations), to develop and implement the new organizational techniques providing costs reduction and improving quality of life.
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Soloe, C., K. Bandel, M. Jarblum, E. Willacy, S. Squire, D. Driscoll, J. Kepner, and T. Gansler. "Information needs of hematologic cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 18547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.18547.
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18547 Background: Little is known about how information needs of cancer survivors/patients (S/P), caregivers (CG), and non-caregiver relatives (NCG) evolve during the cancer experience. Methods: We conducted structured interviews of 21 leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma S/P, 13 CG, and 19 NCG, and asked them to prioritize information needs during the 4 cancer experience phases from a list of 13 topics. This research was supported by the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: Information preferences varied (Friedman’s test, P < 0.0001) by phase of the cancer experience. Topics ranked highest (median rank in parentheses) before treatment, during treatment, after treatment, and at relapse, respectively, were diagnostic tests (2), cancer/ cancer types (2.5), treatment options (3.4), hospitals/cancer centers (3.5), and insurance/financial issues (4); coping with treatment side effects (3), insurance/financial issues (4.5), treatment options (5), hospitals/cancer centers (5), and long term side effects (5); long term side effects (2), tests to detect recurrence (2), risk factors (3), diagnostic tests (4), and support groups (5); and tests to detect recurrence (3), insurance/financial issues (3), cancer/cancer types (4), diagnostic tests (5), and treatment options (5). Across the cancer experience, the highest priority topics for S/P, CG, and NCG, were cancer/ cancer types (4), treatment options (4), long term side effects (5), and risk factors (5); diagnostic tests (4.5), coping with side effects of treatment (5), and treatment options (5); and treatment options (3), diagnostic tests (4), and 5 other topics tied for 3rd place (6). In-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with the surveys provided additional detail regarding responses collected in the prioritization exercise. Conclusions: Clinicians can help S/P, CG, and NCG by offering role- and cancer continuum-targeted information. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Rosen, Peter J., Richard C. Wender, Haleh Kadkhoda, and Scott L. Kober. "Measuring the Ability of Primary-Care Physicians To Diagnose and Manage Patients with Hematologic Malignancies." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3312.3312.
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Abstract In 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention awarded funding (Coop. Agreement No. U58/CCU324301-01) for the Hematologic Oncology Primary Intervention Networking Group (HOPING), a national educational initiative of the Institute for Continuing Healthcare Education (the Institute). HOPING was developed to increase survivorship of patients with hematologic malignancies beyond 5 years. Its intent was to educate PCPs on the signs and symptoms of hematologic malignances to encourage more appropriate and timely referrals to a specialist, as well as to identify and bridge gaps in knowledge regarding the long-term follow-up and care of survivors of hematologic malignancies. Methods: Educational strategies included live presentations at primary care conferences, distribution of resource materials at an educational booth, and a resource Web site (www.hopingdocs.org). As part of the HOPING initiative, immediate participant feedback was gathered during live programs through an audience response system as well as through registrant surveys distributed at the booth and on the Web. The questions within those two settings were intended to gauge the practitioner’s ability to properly recognize the signs and symptoms of hematologic malignancies and provide appropriate follow-up care for patients with hematologic malignancies. Results: Data were collected from a total of 357 individuals (277 from live activities, 80 from online/booth surveys). Approximately 64% of the live program survey respondents were physicians; the majority identified themselves as family practice/family medicine or internal medicine specialists. When asked how they would monitor a 54-year-old male patient free from Hodgkin’s lymphoma for five years, only 44% of respondents correctly indicated that they would conduct an annual physical exam, clinical lab tests, thyroid function tests, and a chest x-ray. Respondents also showed lack of knowledge regarding appropriate studies to order for a patient presenting with specific symptoms and laboratory test results consistent with leukemia. The online/booth surveys were completed by 80 respondents; specific demographic data were not collected. Only 22% of respondents said that they are confident educating patients (and/or their caregivers) about hematologic malignancies. Respondents’ experience with available blood tests for MGUS and MDS was particularly poor -- only 10% said that they "have ordered" such tests while 46% were "unaware" of available tests. The overall ability of respondents to detect possible signs and symptoms of hematologic malignancies (specifically, leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma) was also low. Conclusion: In the eyes of the primary care community, hematologic malignancies are low-volume, high-risk conditions, and the complexity of diagnosing and providing long-term care to patients with hematologic malignancies is a growing challenge. Post-treatment chronic conditions such as late-onset cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and secondary malignancies often develop after therapy for hematologic malignancies and must be properly managed. Gaps in knowledge regarding the signs, symptoms, and diagnosis of hematologic malignancies may negatively impact timely referral to specialists. Because of their increasingly vital role in the cancer care continuum, PCPs need additional education to improve the short- and long-term outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies.
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Ooi, Shirley Beng Suat, Bee-Choo Koh-Tai, Tar Choon Aw, Tang Chino Lau, and Steven Tuck Foo Chan. "Assessment of Dehydration in Adults Using Hematologic and Biochemical Tests." Academic Emergency Medicine 4, no. 8 (August 1997): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.1997.tb03804.x.
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Ahn, Jung Ja. "Study on the Hematologic and Blood Chemical Tests in Preelcampsia." Ewha Medical Journal 9, no. 3 (1986): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.12771/emj.1986.9.3.175.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Hematologic tests"
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Correa, Lincoln Lima 1971. "Avaliação de metazoarios parasitos de Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Pisces: Erythrinidae) como potenciais indicadores de qualidade ambiental." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315180.
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Orientador: Marlene Tiduko UetaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T11:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Correa_LincolnLima_M.pdf: 1163732 bytes, checksum: 5fe7ecad7d270d89129854e53cdaf3b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo a associação entre os índices hematológicos de Hoplias malabaricus (traíra), o parasitismo por monogeneas e outras espécies de metazoários e os fatores ambientais. O estudo ocorreu nas lagoas do CEPTA/ICMBio, localizada no município de Pirassununga, SP (21º55'55"S e 47º22'37"W), no período de fevereiro de 2008 a março de 2009 em 187 traíras. Verificou-se que os parâmetros sanguíneos não sofreram alterações significativas em relação ao estágio de maturação, sexo, período de coleta e intensidade de infecção de monogeneas. Porém, os peixes apresentaram valores significativamente positivos para biometria peso/comprimento (r=0,89 e p<0,0001) e os parâmetros ambientais pH/temperatura (r=0,71 e p<0,0001). Verificou-se que os monogeneas não atuaram como indicador ambiental nas lagoas, porém os parâmetros hematológicos revelaram uma maior sensibilidade ao ambiente. Em relação à análise dos outros metazoários, verificou-se uma diferença significativa em relação ao estágio de maturação e intensidade de infecção na Lagoa I (p=0,002) e na Lagoa II não houve diferença. Houve correlação significativa entre peso do peixe e intensidade de infecção na Lagoa I (r=0,50; p<0,001) e entre comprimento e a intensidade de infecção dos metazoários (r=0,42; p<0,001). Contudo, a intensidade média de parasita diferiu significativamente entre as lagoas estudadas. Os metazoários presentes em H. malabaricus também não atuaram como indicador ambiental.
Abstract: This study aimed at the association between blood indexes of Hoplias malabaricus (betrayed), the parasitism by monogeneans and other metazoan species and environmental factors. The study took place in ponds CEPTA / ICMBio, located in the city of Pirassununga, SP (21 º 55'55 "S and 47 º 22'37" W), from February 2008 to March 2009 in 187 traíras. It was found that the blood parameters did not change significantly in relation to the stage of maturation, sex, time of collection and intensity of infection of monogeneans. But the fish had significantly positive for biometrics weight / length (r = 0.89 and p <0.0001) and the environmental parameter pH and temperature (r = 0.71 and p <0.0001). It was found that the monogeneans not acted as an environmental indicator in the lakes , but the haematological parameters showed a greater sensitivity to the environment. On the analysis of the Metazoa, there was a significant difference in the stage of ripeness and intensity of infection in the Lake I (p = 0.002) and in Lake II there was no difference. There was significant correlation between weight of fish and intensity of infection in the Lake I (r = 0.50, p <0.001) and between length and intensity of infection of metazoan (r = 0.42, p <0.001). However, the mean intensity of parasites differed significantly between the lakes studied. The metazoan present in H. malabaricus also did not act as an environmental indicator.
Mestrado
Mestre em Parasitologia
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Jasmina, Grujić. "Značaj direktnog testa utroška antihumanog globulina u imunohematologiji." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=92075&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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UVOD: Citopenija je jedna od glavnih karakteristika mnogih hematoloških bolesti. U rutinskoj transfuziološkoj upotrebi su metode detekcije prisustva antitela u serumu ili na eritrocitima bolesnika. Primena direktnog testa utroška antihumanog globulina predstavlja efikasan način da se stekne kompletan uvid u imunološka zbivanja na svim krvnim lozama, prati dinamika razvoja antitela i toka bolesti. MATERIJAL I METODE: Svim pacijentima su se iz uzoraka periferne krvi vršile sledeće analize krvi: 1) direktni antiglobulinski test mikrometodom aglutinacije u gel karticama (LISS)/ Coombs ID. Dobijeni rezultat aglutinacije mikrometodom na gelu moţe biti negativan ili pozitivan i 2) direktni test utroška antihumanog globulina metodom aglutinacije u epruveti. Očitavanje se vršilo određivanjem razlike u titru antihumanog globuli na i očitavanjem postojeće reakcije aglutinacije dobijene u uzorcima pacijenta u odnosu na rezultate reakcije aglutinacije dobijene sa uzorcima zdrave kontrolne osobe. Test se smatra o pozitivnim ukoliko se dobijala razlika u titru AHG - a za bar dva razređen ja sa pacijentovim ćelijama u odnosu na ćelije zdrave kontrolne osobe. Statistička značajnost je analizirana t - testom, Spirmanovim koeficijentom korelacije REZULTATI: Analizirano je 100 pacijenata sa dijagnozom anemije, leukopenije, limfoproliferativnih bolesti, trombocitopenije, trombotične trombocitopenijske purpure, idiopatske trombocitopenične purpure, mijelodisplastičnog sindroma, miastenije gravis i sistemskog eritematoznog lupusa pre i nakon primljene terapije. Direktni antiglobulinski test je biopozitivan u 20% slučajeva dok je direktni test utroška antihumanog globulina bio u 51%, odnosno za 31% više. Nakon primljene terapije direktni antiglobulinski test je ostao pozitivan u 18% slučajeva a direktni test utroška antihumanog globulina u 46% što je za 28% više. Utvrđivanjem povezanosti između citopenije i stepena utroška antihumanog globulina dokazano je da svi praćeni parametri utiču na stepen utroška AHG-a: hemoglobin (β=-0,579, p=0,000), hematokrit (β=-0,568, p=0,000), eritrociti (β=-0,519, p=0,000), trombociti (β=-0,617, p=0,000) i leukociti(β=-0,119, p=0,237). Takođe je dokazano da što su vrednosti posmatranih parametara veće, razlika u titru direktnog testa utroška antihumanog globulina je manja što bi išlo u prilog boljoj prognozi posmatranog oboljenja. ZAKLJUČAK: Direktni test utroška antihumanog globulina je značajno osetljiviji test u odnosu na direktni antihumani globulinski test. Postoji pozitivna korelacija između citopenije i stepena konzumacije antihumanog globulina. Smanjenje titra antitela direktnog testa utroška antihumanog globulina je jedan od pokazatelja bolje prognoze bolesti.INTRODUCTION: Cytopenia is one of the main characteristics of many hematologic diseases. In routine use are methods of detecting the presence of antibodies in the serum or on red blood cells of patients. The application of direct consumption test of antihuman globulin is an efficient way to gain complete insight into the immunological events at all bloodlines, monitor the dynamics of the development of antibodies and disease progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients samples were tested for: 1) direct antiglobulin test by micro agglutination method in the gel card (LISS) / Coombs ID. The result obtained by micro agglutination gel can be negative or positive, 2) direct consumption test of antihuman globulin in a test tube. Interpretation is performed by determining differences in titer of antihuman globulin by reading existing reactions of agglutination in samples of the patient and compare it to the results obtained with the samples of the healthy control persons. The test is considered positive if the difference in titres obtained AHG differs for at least two dilutions of a patient's cells compared to cells of healthy control persons. Statistical significance was analyzed by t-test, Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients diagnosed withanemia, leukopenia, lymphoproliferative disease, thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, myelodysplastic syndrome, myasthenia gravis and systemic lupus erythematosus were analyzed before and after receiving treatment. Direct antiglobulin test was positive in 20% cases, while the direct consumption test of anti-human globulin was 51%, that is the difference of 31%. After treatment direct antiglobulin test remainedpositive in 18% of cases and direct consumption test of antihuman globulin was in 46%, which is 28% higher. Determining the relationship between the degree of cytopenia and consumption of anti-human globulin showed that all monitored parameters affect the level of consumption: hemoglobin (β = -0.579, p = 0.000), hematocrit (β = -0.568, p = 0.000), erythrocytes (β = -0.519 , p = 0.000), platelets (β = -0.617, p = 0.000) and leukocytes (β = -0.119, p = 0.237). It was also proved that if the values of observed parameters are higher, difference in titer of direct consumption test of antihuman globulin is lower, which can indicate better prognosis of disease. CONCLUSION: Direct consumption test of antihuman globulin was significantly more sensitive test than the direct anti-human globulin test. There is a positive correlation between the degree of cytopenia and consumption of anti-human globulin. Decrease in antibody titer in direct consumption test of antihuman globulinis an indicator of a better prognosis of the disease.
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Passeri, Celso Roberto. "Epidemiologia e parâmetros laboratoriais relacionados à perda dentária em pacientes obesos candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25144/tde-10032016-104320/.
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A obesidade é um grave problema de saúde pública, adquirindo características de epidemia mundial. A saúde bucal é agravada pela presença da obesidade e da síndrome metabólica. A perda dentária prejudica a função mastigatória, condição essencial para o paciente que será submetido à cirurgia bariátrica. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar parâmetros epidemiológicos e laboratoriais relacionados à função mastigatória, em pacientes candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica, de classes socioeconômicas distintas, a fim de identificar fatores de risco e influência da condição socioeconômica para a mesma. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal, com amostra constituída por dois grupos de pacientes, com condições socioeconômicas distintas, um pertencente ao sistema público de saúde (GSUS) e outro à clínica privada (GCP), candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica. Foram analisadas as condições gerais de saúde, incluindo dados antropométricos, comorbidades presentes (hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, apneia do sono, dislipidemias e artropatias) e uso de medicamentos (anti-hipertensivos, hipoglicemiantes orais, insulina, sinvastatinas, diuréticos, vasodilatadores e antiagregantes plaquetários). Dados de exames laboratoriais (hemoglobina, ferritina, proteínas totais, albumina, colesterol total, glicemia, triglicérides), dos hábitos (tabagismo e etilismo) e o número de unidades funcionais dentárias presentes foi analisado (função mastigatória). Os testes adotados foram Qui-quadrado, ANOVA, Goodman, Regressão Logística Múltipla e Bonferroni. Os grupos GSUS e GCP foram homogêneos quanto ao gênero e faixa etária. Quanto à média de unidades funcionais dentárias, foi maior no grupo privado (p<0,001). A função mastigatória prejudicada foi mais presente no grupo público feminino (p<0,001). Quanto aos exames laboratoriais, a glicemia de jejum foi mais frequentemente alterada no GSUS feminino (p<0,001). Ter origem no serviço público de saúde (OR: 8,420 - p=0,003), maior idade (OR: 1,186 p<0,001), ser do gênero feminino (OR: 0,153, p=0,029), portador de diabetes mellitus (OR: 2,545, p=0,045) e tabagista (OR: 2,951, p=0,043) foram fatores de risco independentes para ter função mastigatória prejudicada. A saúde geral e bucal de pacientes obesos do GSUS foram piores e a ausência dentária foi maior em mulheres deste sistema, ressaltando como fator de risco a condição socioeconômica.Obesity can be labeled as a worldwide outbreak thus, it has led to a serious public health problem. Oral health can be worsened if it is combined with obesity and metabolic X syndrome. The tooth loss usually harms masticatory function, essential status to whom will be submitted to bariatric surgery. This study aimed to assess epidemiologic parameters and blood tests concerning the number of dental functional units, in patients applying to bariatric surgery, who belong to distinct socioeconomic class range, in order to recognize hazard factors and the bias of this condition over them. Observational cross-section study, with samples comprised by two groups of patients, with distinct socioeconomic class range, one of them belonging to public health system (SUSG) and the other to private clinic (CPG), applicants to bariatric surgery. It was assessed the general healthy conditions, including anthropometric data, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, dyslipidemias and arthropathy) and medicines usage (antihypertensive, oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin, simvastatin, diuretics, vasodilators and platelet antiaggregant). Blood tests data (hemoglobin, ferritin, protein, albumin, total cholesterol, glycaemia, triglycerides), habits (smoking and alcoholism) and the number of dental functional units presents (masticatory function). The tests applied were Chi-Square, ANOVA, Goodman, Multivariable Logistic Regression e Bonferroni. The groups SUSG and CPG were homogeneous taking into account gender and age range. Regarded as the number of dental functional units, was higher in the private group (p<0.001). The impaired masticatory function was rather present among female public group (p<0.001). Regarded as blood tests, fasting glycaemia were mainly above in female SUSG patients (p<0,001). The following hazard factors have corroborated to have patients rated as impaired masticatory function: Belong to public service (OR: 8.420, p=0.003), higher aging (OR: 1.186, p<0.001), female gender (OR: 0.153, p=0.029), with diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.545, p=0.045) and smoking (OR: 2.951, p=0.043). The general and oral health of obese SUSG patients were worse and the tooth loss was higher in female patients in this same group, highlighting as hazard factor the socioeconomic condition.
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Otani, Márcia Mitiko. "Programa de avaliação externa para os testes de triagem sorológica de doadores de bancos de sangue dos centros de referência da América Latina: utilização de multipainel específico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-07072010-104629/.
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Introdução: O risco de transmissão de agentes infeciosos por transfusão sangüínea é maior nos países em desenvolvimento. A hemoterapia na América Latina, embora tenha conquistado grandes avanços tecnológicos e políticos nos últimos anos, ainda apresenta diversos problemas que comprometem a qualidade dos resultados dos testes de triagem sorológica de doadores. A confiabilidade dos resultados emitidos pelos laboratórios que realizam testes de triagem sorológica de bancos de sangue pode ser determinada através de programas de avaliação externa, utilizando multipainéis específicos. Objetivos: Objetivou-se produzir multipainéis específicos para programas de avaliação externa em testes de triagem sorológica de bancos de sangue e determinar a qualidade dos resultados obtidos em 21 centros de referência da América Latina. Resultados: A seleção criteriosa da matéria-prima e a caracterização das amostras foram etapas importantes na determinação das características dos soros que constituíram os Multipainéis. Foram analisados os resultados de 5 programas, realizados no período de 1997 a 2000. A média da taxa de resultados falso-negativos (RFN) foi de 0,7% para anti-HIV, 2,89% para HBsAg, 4% para anti-H Bc, 10,7% para anti-HTLVI/II, 1,07% para anti-HCV, 3,22% para doença de Chagas e 6,25% para Sífilis. A média da taxa de resultados falsopositivos (RFP) variou de 0,73% para doença de Chagas a 5,28 % para antiHCV. Os resultados foram analisados sob diversos prismas, o desempenho de cada centro de referência, a concordância nos resultados das amostras, os \"kits\" utilizados e os parâmetros. Conclusão: Um programa sistemático como o aqui apresentado mostrou pontos importantes dentro do processo de triagem sorológica e auxiliou a elucidar algumas causas de erros. Houve uma melhora gradativa na qualidade dos resultados obtidos nos programas, do ano de 1997 para 1999. Quanto maior a proporção de amostras positivas, maior é a chance de laboratórios cometerem erros, como foi observado no multipainel do quinto programa, que teve aumento da taxa de RFN e RFP, evidenciando a existência de falhas no processo. A participação contínua nesses programas pareceu ser importante para o monitoramento das atividades realizadas no processo de triagem sorológica de doadores.Background: In developing countries, the risk of acquiring infectious disease through blood transfusion is higher than developed countries. Although in the last 10 years, blood safety has improved in Latin America in terms of technology and politics, several problems remained unsolved that compromise the quality of the results obtained by the laboratories that perform infectious diseases screening tests. Externai evaluation program, using specific multipanel, may be an important tool to evaluate a laboratory that perform serological screening tests. Externai quality control program for blood bank serological test had not been previously performed in Latin America. Objectives: To develop the technology to produce panel of sera reactive to blood born infectious diseases and to determine the quality of the results of 21 reference centers of Latin America. Results: The criteria to select the raw material and to characterize the sample were important to determine the overall quality of the pane!. Using the Multipanel, tive Externai Quality Control programs were organized during 1997 to 2000 with 21 reference laboratories in 16 countries in Latin America. The mean rate of the false negative results was 0,7% for ant-HIV test, 2.89% for HBsAg, 4% for ant-HBc, 10.7% for ant-HTLVI/II, 1.07% for ant-HCV, 3.22% for Chagas diseases, and 6.25% for Syphilis. The mean rate of false positive results varied from 0.73% for Chagas diseases to 5.28% to ant-HCV. The results were also analyzed in terms of performance of each reference center and by the manufacture of the kits used. Conclusion: The program could provide clues about sources of common errors and was an important tool to validate the laboratory screening processo The quality of the results improved from the 1 st to the 4th programo The chance of doing errors was higher, when the proportion of positive samples were higher, as observed in the 5th program that registered elevated index of false positive and false negative results. The continuing participation in this kind of program seemed to be important to monitor the activities performed by the blood bank screening laboratory.
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Dias, Dácio de Castro. "Hematologia e bioquímica sérica em muares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-28072014-153256/.
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Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar valores hematológicos e bioquímicos para muares de três faixas etárias e compará-los com os das raças formadoras. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram utilizados 288 animais, machos ou fêmeas, sendo: 10 jumentos, 30 éguas e 260 muares. Os muares foram divididos em três grupos: G1 (animais entre dois meses e um ano de idade), G2 (animais entre um e três anos de idade) e G3 (animais acima de três anos de idade). Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações laboratoriais: hemograma, contagem de plaquetas, fibrinogênio, glicemia, ureia, creatinina, creatinoquinase, aspartato aminotransferase, gama glutamiltransferase, fosfatase alcalina, lactato desidrogenase, bilirrubinas, proteína total, albumina, triglicérides, colesterol, lactato, sódio, cloro, potássio, cálcio, fósforo, magnésio e ferro. Além do estabelecimento dos valores de referência do hemograma e bioquímica sérica para muares de três faixas etárias, conclui-se também que: hematologicamente os muares estão mais próximos dos asininos que dos equinos; há diferença significativa nos valores bioquímicos e hematológicos entre as faixas etárias; há influência sexual nos valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de maures, mas é clinicamente menos significativa do que a influência etária; o hemoparasita Theileria equi pode ser encontrado no esfregaço sanguíneo de um número significativo de muares, mesmo que estes não apresentem sintomatologia clínica.The purpose of this study was to determine hematological and biochemical values of three age groups of mules and to compare them with the forming races. For the development of this study, it was used 288 animals, males or females, as follows: 10 donkeys, 30 mares and 260 mules. The mules were divided into three groups: G1 (animals between two months and one year old), G2 (animals between one and three years old) and G3 (animals above three years old). The following laboratory evaluations were performed: blood count, platelet count, fibrinogen, glucose, urea, creatinine, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, lactate, sodium, chlorine, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron. In addition to the establishment of reference values for blood count and serum biochemistry for mules of three age groups, it is also concluded that: hematologically, the mules are closer to donkeys than the horses; there is a significant difference in biochemical and haematological values between age groups; there is a sexual influence in the mules haematological and biochemical values, but it is clinically less significant than the age influence; the hemoparasite Theileria equi can be found in the blood smear in a significant number of mules, even if they do not show clinical symptoms.
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Barreto, Angela Maria Egydio de Carvalho. "Avaliação dos testes e algoritmos empregados na triagem de doadores de sangue para o vírus da hepatite C." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-21092011-105846/.
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O diagnóstico da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV) é obtido através de testes de triagem para anti-HCV pelo ELISA e para confirmar os positivos, por teste suplementar mais específico, o immunoblot (IB). A infecção ativa é determinada pelas técnicas moleculares como por exemplo a PCR. Os testes sorológicos são métodos indiretos, baseados na detecção de anticorpos específicos, estando portanto, sujeito a vários fatores que limitam a sua eficiência diagnóstica, podendo gerar resultados inespecíficos. Um dos objetivos deste trabalho foi o de avaliar a eficiência diagnóstica dos testes para o diagnóstico da infecção pelo HCV, em condições de rotina diagnóstica, em um grande número de amostras de doadores de sangue e analisar o custo benefício de três diferentes algoritmos, recentemente propostos pelo Centro de Controle de Doenças e Prevenção (EUA). Foram estudadas 692 amostras de soros provenientes de doadores de sangue, sendo 522 positivas e 170 inconclusivas pelo ELISA de triagem (ELlSA-T) realizado no momento da doação. Esses doadores retornaram à Fundação PróSangue/ Hemocentro de São Paulo para a coleta da segunda amostra de sangue para confirmação dos resultados obtidos na doação. Em todas as amostras de retorno foram realizadas ELISA (ELISA-R) e a PCR, o IB somente nas positivas ou indeterminadas no ELISA-R. A concordância global de resultados entre ELlSA-T e ELlSA-R foi de 64,5%, sendo 77,6% (405/522) entre os positivos e 24,1 % (41/170) entre os inconclusivos. Em amostras positivas nos dois ELlSAs, o IB foi positivo (aqui denominadas de sorologicamente positivas) em 69,6% (282/405) e PCR em 61,2% (248/405). Entre as 282 amostras sorologicamente positivas, viremia foi detectada em 87,6% (247/282). A ausência de viremia em 12,4% (37/282) dessas amostras pode representar amostras de indivíduos que tiveram a infecção no passado e que eliminaram espontaneamente o HCV. A avaliação de bandas individuais no IB mostrou a alta freqüência das bandas do core (C1C2 e C3C4). Entretanto sua distribuição entre as amostras de doadores virêmicos e não virêmicos foi bastante semelhante. A intensidade da reação, expressa como graduação da coloração das bandas no IB, demonstrou que C1C2 e NS3 fortemente reativas eram as mais associadas à positividade no IB e na PCR e a banda NS4 somente com a PCR. A análise dos resultados do teste de ELISA anti-HCV de doadores de sangue indicou que a relação DO/CO, aqui denominada de índice de reatividade (IR), poderia ser utilizada como preditivo de positividade no teste suplementar. O IR de todas as amostras foram estratificados em 6 grupos sendo o IR ≥ 6 o que melhor correlacionou-se com a positividade no IB (IR de corte). Os três algoritmos para o diagnóstico da infecção pelo HCV, propostos pelo CDC foram avaliados, sendo dois novos (a e b) e o outro, o algoritmo convencional (c). a) Resultados de ELISA com IR ≥ 6,0 é considerado positivo sem a necessidade de teste suplementar. Para amostras IR < 6,0, de preferência o IB, seria realizado; b) Teste molecular (NAT) deve ser feito para todas as amostras positivas no teste de triagem, seguido de IB naquelas negativas no NAT; c) IB realizado para todas as amostras positivas na triagem. Esses algoritmos foram aplicados em todas as amostras, com resultados muito semelhantes entre si: 287, 287 e 285 positivos, respectivamente para a, b e c. Um total de 283 amostras foi positivo nos três algoritmos e quatro, com resultados divergentes, foram analisadas separadamente. A análise do custo benefício mostrou que o algoritmo a é o mais econômico e prático podendo ser recomendado para os laboratórios com condições econômicas limitadas; o b é o mais completo para fins de decisão médica, fornecendo informações precoces sobre a presença ou a ausência da viremia; o c é importante para determinar o status imunológico e para a população de baixa prevalência da infecção pelo HCV. O custo estimado dos três algoritmos baseou-se na tabela de 2004 da Associação Médica Brasileira. Esses custos mostraram ser o algoritmo a, 40% mais econômico e o b, 18,2% mais oneroso do que o c. Os algoritmos a e c foram complementados pela realização da PCR, nas amostras indeterminadas provenientes desses algoritmos. Duas amostras resultaram em PCR positivas, as mesmas já consideradas positivas inicialmente pelo algoritmo b. Os três algoritmos estudados, puderam ser validados para o diagnóstico laboratorial da infecção pelo HCV, podendo a escolha depender do interesse clínico ou da prevalência dessa infecção na população.The diagnosis of hepatitis C (HCV) infection is usually undertaken stepwise by screening with ELISA and confirming the positive results in screening with a more specific assay, the immunoblot (IB). Active infection by hepatitis C virus should be confirmed by molecular techniques such as PCR. Serological tests are indirect methods based on specific antibody detection. Therefore, they may be influenced by many factors which limit their diagnostic efficiency, producing false-positive results. The aim of this work was to evaluate the real diagnostic efficiency of anti-HCV screening tests, in routine condition, in a large serum sampling, and to analyze the cost-benefit of three different algorithms recently proposed by the Center for Diseases Control and Prevention. 692 serum samples were studied. The samples consisted of 522 sera from blood donors, positive in ELISA, with the sample collected by the time of donation (ELlSA-T), and of 170 inconclusive sera. Those donors returned to Fundação PróSangue Hemocentro de São Paulo to have a second sample of blood collected to confirm the former results. ELlSA-R and PCR were carried out in all second samples and all the positive and inconclusive samples were submitted to IB. The global concordance of results between ELlSA-T and ELlSA-R was 64,5%, in that 77,6%(405/522) were obtained among the positives results and 24,1% (41/170) among inconclusive. For samples positive in both ELlSAs, IB was positive (serologically positive) in 69,6% (282/405) and PCR in 61,2% (248/405). Among 282 serologically positive samples, viremia was detected in 87,6% (247/282) and it was absent in 12,4% (37/282) of the sera, which could represent samples from individuals who were infected by HCV in the past and who have spontaneously cleared the virus. Evaluation of each antigenic band of IB showed high frequency of core (C1C2 and C3C4). Their distribution among viremic and non-viremic donors was similar. The reaction intensity, expressed by the color score of the bands, demonstrated that the strongly reactive bands of C1C2 and NS3 were associated with positiveness in IB and PCR and of NS4 only with PCR positive. Analysis of anti-HCV ELISA results from blood donors indicated that the signal-to-cut-off ratio (DO/CO), named as reactive index (IR) in this study, could be used to predict supplemental test positive results for anti-HCV. IR from all samples was classified in 6 groups, being IR ≥ 6, the index better correlated with positive on IB (cut-off IR). The CDC has recently proposed three algorithms for HCV diagnosis, in which two were new (a and c) and one was a conventional algorithm (c). a) screening-test-positive samples with IR ≥ 6,0 can be reported as anti-HCV positive without supplemental testing. IR < 6,0 should have refiex supplemental testing performed, preferably IB; b) reflex supplemental testing in all specimens screening-test-positive by performing NAT followed by IB for specimens with NAT negative results; c) reflex supplemental testing (IB) in all specimens screening-test-positive. These algorithms were applied to all samples and resulted in very similar positive results: 287, 287 and 285, respectively for a, b and c. A total of 283 samples were positive in three algorithms. Four samples showed divergent results and were analyzed separately. Cost-benefit - The algorithm a is the most economical and practical and it could be recommended for laboratory with limited conditions and for population with a high prevalence of HCV infection; b is the most complete for medical decision providing early information about the presence or absence of viremia; c is suitable for determining immune status and for HCV infection low prevalence population. The cost of the three algorithms was estimated based on the 2004 Brazilian Medical Association Table. These costs were 40% lower than c for algorithm a, and 18,2% higher for b. The algorithm a and c were complemented by performing PCR to solve indeterminate results. This complementary test detected two samples PCR positive which were already positive by algorithm b. Therefore we could validate those algorithms for HCV infection laboratory diagnosis. Laboratories and blood banks may choose the algorithm depending on the clinical interest or on the prevalence of HCV infection in the population.
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Salgueiro, Fernanda Menezes França. "Avaliação da toxicidade de agrotóxicos utilizados na cultura do arroz irrigado para girinos de Lithobates catesbeianus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97131/tde-07102013-092237/.
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Os girinos de rã-touro, Lithobates catesbeianus, podem ser bons bioindicadores de condições ambientais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar o potencial de toxicidade para L. catesbeianus de alguns dos principais agrotóxicos utilizados no cultivo de arroz irrigado. Foram realizados testes de toxicidade aguda para a determinação da CL50-96h do bentazon, penoxsulam, óleo vegetal, permetrina e carbofuran, separadamente, e da mistura desses agrotóxicos. Com esses resultados foram estimados os índices de segurança dos produtos. Girinos em fase pré-metamorfose foram expostos aos agrotóxicos na própria lavoura de arroz e em laboratório por 21 dias, para avaliar os possíveis efeitos crônicos destas substâncias, separadamente e da mistura, sobre o quadro hematológico, metamorfose (regulada pelo eixo tiroideano), e também o possível potencial mutagênico através do teste do micronúcleo. A CL50-96h para girinos foi de 4530 mg/L para o bentazon; 7,52 mg/L para o penoxsulam + 145,66 mg/L do óleo vegetal; 81,57 mg/L para o óleo vegetal, 0,10 mg/L para a permetrina, 29,90 mg/L para o carbofuran (ingredientes ativos) e, 38,79 vezes a dose utilizada no campo para a mistura desses produtos. Foi determinado risco ambiental apenas para o inseticida permetrina. Nos testes in situ, as águas de irrigação não apresentaram toxicidade aguda para os girinos. A taxa de metamorfose não diferiu entre os tratamentos, demonstrando que os agrotóxicos utilizados nas doses indicadas não tem ação desreguladora do eixo tiroideano. As análises do micronúcleo mostraram aumento significativo de eritrócitos micronúcleoados para os testes in situ e, no laboratório, para o herbicida bentazon e para a mistura dos agrotóxicos. As análises hematológias mostraram diminuição da hemoglobina e número de eritrócitos no teste de campo, retornado aos padrões normais na semana seguinte. No laboratório houve queda na contagem de eritrócitos para o bentazon, aumento do VCM e HCM para o bentazon e penoxsulam; aumento do CHCM para o penoxsulam e para a mistura dos agrotóxicos. Para a série branca não houve diferenças no teste in situ, mas obtivemos aumento dos números de neutrófilos dos girinos tratados com o bentazon.American bullfrogs, Lithobates catesbeianus could be good environmental indicators. The aim of this study was evaluate the potential toxicity of some principal pesticides used in irrigated rice crops to L. catesbeianus tadpoles. The pesticides Bentazon, Penoxsulam, Vegetable oil, Permetrina, Carbofuran and the mixture of them were assessed. Pre-metamorphose tadpoles were exposed to all of these agrochemicals in the laboratory to determinate de LC50-96h and so estimate the index of security by each product. Animals in the same phase were exposed to these pesticides on the rice crops, in situ and in laboratory per 21 days to evaluate the possible chronic effects of the substances, separated and in the mixture of them. The hematological results, red and white series, the mutagenic potential (micronucleous test), and the metamorphose rate (regulated by thyroid axis) were evaluated. The LC50-96h to tadpoles was 4530 mg/L to Bentazon; 7.52 + 145.66 mg/L to Penoxsulam + vegetable oil; 81.57 mg/L to vegetable oil; 0.10 mg/L to Permetrina; 29.90 mg/L to Carbofuran (active ingredients) and 38.79 times to the dose used in the field to the mixture of the products. Only to Permetrina insecticide was observed environmental risk. The metamorphose rate showed no difference between the treatments suggesting that these pesticides, used on indicated doses did not promote deregulated action on the thyroid axis. In situ tests the irrigated waters showed low mortality to the animals. The red series showed in situ, a decrease in the haemoglobin tax and in the counting of erytrocyte\'s number however return to the normal values in the follow week. In laboratory tests showed a decrease in the counting of erytrocyte\'s number to the animals exposed to Bentazon, an increase in the MCV and MCH to the animals exposed to Bentazon and Penoxsulam, an increase in the MCHC to those exposed to Penoxsulam and to the \"mixture\". The white series showed no difference in situ test however an increase in the neutrophils number was observed to the animals exposed to Bentazon in laboratory. The micronucleous analyze showed significant increase in the erytrocyte\'s micronucleated number in situ and in laboratorial tests to animals exposed to Bentazon and to the \"mixture\".
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Moraes, José Evandro de. "Indicadores de bem-estar de linhagens de poedeiras comerciais leves alojadas em cinco densidades no sistema convencional de produção de ovos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-04122018-095337/.
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Foram utilizadas 750 poedeiras comerciais de linhagens brancas com 23 semanas ao início do período experimental, distribuídas num delineamento em blocos completos aleatorizados sendo estes caracterizados pela oncatenação das linhagens com coluna de gaiolas; os tratamentos foram cinco densidades ou taxas de lotação na gaiola (321,43; 375; 450; 562,50 e 750 cm2/ave) com seis repetições, totalizando 150 parcelas experimentais. As dietas experimentais foram à base de milho e farelo de soja, formuladas para suprir as exigências nutricionais das linhagens em todas as fases. O desempenho produtivo e econômico foram avaliados através do peso dos ovos (g), percentagem de postura (%), massa de ovos (g/ave/dia), consumo de ração (g/ave/dia), conversão alimentar por dúzia (kg/dz) e por quilo de ovo (kg/kg). A qualidade de ovos foi avaliada através da gravidade específica (GE), unidades Haugh (UH), percentagens de gema, albúmen e casca, espessura da casca (EC), resistência à quebra (RQ), coloração da gema e índice gema (IG). O bem-estar das aves foi avaliado através de indicadores clínicos, imunológicos e fisiológicos. Para efeito da avaliação dos resultados, foram estabelecidos seis blocos com repetições internas. Os dados foram analisados com auxílio do SAS, sob modelo misto, considerando os efeitos da densidade, período e a interação entre estes, como fixos, além dos efeitos aleatórios de bloco e resíduo. Por se tratar de medidas repetidas longitudinalmente, buscou-se a melhor estrutura de covariância para cada variável. Quando adequado foi aplicado o teste de tukey-kramer para a comparação de médias (p<0,05). O menor consumo de ração, CA/dz de ovos e melhor desempenho econômico, foram obtidos pela densidade 321,4 cm2/ave. Altas densidades de alojamento não influenciaram a qualidade interna de ovos, a % casca e RQ, mas essas variáveis tiveram efeitos dos períodos, com os melhores valores nos primeiros períodos. Altas densidades tiveram efeitos negativos sobre a GE e EC, principalmente no pico de postura das aves. Os ovos avaliados encontravam-se dentro dos valores desejados, mesmo nas maiores densidades, podendo ser classificados como de excelente qualidade. A densidade de alojamento não interferiru (p>0,05) na avaliação clínica das aves, mas o maior espaço proporcionado nas gaiolas do sistema covencional conferiu menor freqüência de lesões nas aves, indicando promoção e melhora ao seu bem-estar geral. Dados de freqüência cardíaca e temperatura da cloaca estavam dentro dos padrões de normalidade para a espécie. Não foram observadas diferenças (p>0,05) das densidades na resposta imunológica das aves, com os títulos dos anticorpos vacinais contra as doenças de Gumboro e Newcastle acima dos níveis do ponto de corte (cutoff). Os tratamentos não modificaram o perfil sanguíneo das aves e não foi possível caracterizar um padrão de corticosterona no plasma e de excreção de metabólitos fecais de glicocorticoides. A técnica de enzimoimunoensaio, empregada utilizando anticorpo primário contra corticosterona e anticorpo secundário anticoelho de cabra, foi capaz de detectar as variações nas concentrações de corticosterona nesses tecidos, contudo, o entendimento do significado desses achados ainda necessita de novas investigações.750 commercial laying hens of white strains aged 23 weeks at the beginning of the experimental period were used, distributed in a randomized complete block design, these being characterized by the concatenation of the strains with column of cages; the treatments were five densities or stocking rates in the cage (321,43, 375, 450, 562.50 and 750 cm2/bird) with six replications, amounting to 150 experimental plots. The experimental diets were on the basis of corn and soybean meal, formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of the strains in all the phases. Both the productive and economic performances were evaluated through the weight of the eggs (g), percentage of laying (%), egg mass (g/bird/day), feed intake (g/bird/day), feed conversion per dozen (kg/dozen) and per kg of egg (kg/kg). Egg quality was determined through specific gravity (SG), Haugh units (HU), percentages of yolk, albumen and shell, shell thickness (ST), resistance to breaking (BR), yolk coloration and yolk index (YI). The welfare of the birds was evaluated through clinical, immunological and physiological indicators. For the purpose of evaluation of the results, six blocks with internal replications were established. The data were analyzed with the aid of SAS, under a mixed model, considering the effects of density, period and the interaction between them, as fixed, in addition to the random effects of block and residue. For se tratar de measures longitudinally repeated, the best covariance structure for each variable was sought. When appropriate, the Tukey-Kramer test was used for comparison of means (p<0.05). The lowest feed intake, FI/dozen of eggs and best economic performance, were obtained at the density of 321.4 cm2/bird. High housing densities did not influence the internal quality of the eggs, % shell and BR, but these variables had effects from the periods, with the best values in the early periods. High densities had negative effects on SG and ST, mainly at the laying peak of the birds. The eggs checked lie within the desired values, even at the highest densities and can be classified as of excellent quality. The housing density did not interfere (p>0.05) in the clinical evaluation of the birds, but the greater space provided in the cages of the conventional system conferred a lower frequency of lesions in the birds, indicating promotion and improvement to their general welfare. Data of heart rate and cloacal temperature were within the normal limits for the species. No differences (p>0.05) of the densities in the immune response of the birds, with the titers of the vaccine antibodies against Gumboro and Newcastle diseases above the cutoff levels were found. The treatments did not modify the blood profile of the birds and it was not possible to characterize a standard of plasma corticosterone and excretion of fecal metabolites of glucocorticoids, but the enzyme immunoassay technique, using primary antibody against corticosterone and secondary goat anti-rabbit antibody, was capable of detecting variations in the corticosterone concentrations in these tissues, however, the understanding of the meaning of these findings still requires further investigation.
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Paiano, Renan Braga. "Effects of anemia on periparturient cows." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-31072018-144815/.
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The objectives of this study were to characterize the hematological and productive pattern during the peripartum in cows with and without anemia, as well as to evaluate the erythrogram in animals that presented metritis puerperal acute (MPA), lameness, acetonemia, increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and cows with different categorization of body condition score (BCS). In study 1, 50 Holstein cows (29 multiparous and 21 primiparous) were used. Blood samples and physical examination were performed at 13 different times: 18 ± 3, 12 ± 2, 5 ± 1, and 2 ± 1 before calving, and 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 days postpartum. Erythrogram evaluations were performed, and red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volum (PCV), and absolute hematimetric values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin, RDW, serum concentrations of iron, betahydroxybutyrate (BHBA), AGNE and total bilirubin (TBIL) were determined for the biochemical analyzes. Anemia was classified according to hemoglobin values <7 g / dL and globular volume <24%. The prevalence of anemia was higher in the period 60 days postpartum affecting 18.3% of the animals, the pattern of anemia presented was normocytic, normochromic, regenerative. RBC, PCV and hemoglobin were lower (P <0.05) for animals with anemia. While the animals with MPA and lameness the value of the erythrogram was very similar throughout the postpartum period. No difference was observed between the groups according to the values of NEFA, BCS and loss of BCS during the periods performed in the postpartum period. In conclusion the anemic animals presented the values of the physical examination according to the physiological limits, the anemia did not cause productive losses in the affected animals. It was not evidenced that animals with MPA and claudicants presented a greater reduction of blood crass, excluding the occurrence of inflammatory anemia, and although the prevalence of anemia increased during postpartum, it was not possible to characterize the main cause of the reduction of hematological values between the categorizations. In the second study, blood was sampled from 336 animals (252 multiparous and 84 primiparous) between 21 and 30 days in lactation (DEL) on 7 farms in the State of São Paulo with the objective of characterizing the prevalence of anemia in dairy cows, prevalence of anemia in different categorizations such as: lactation number, BCS at the time of collection, dystocia, retention of fetal membranes, mastitis, digestive problem, lameness and acetonemia, , as well as the analysis erythrogram, biochemical profile, BCS, and milk production among animals with and without anemia. In conclusion, the prevalence of anemia was low (16.3%) and no association with the categorizations performed in this study, it was not possible to characterize the cause of anemia through biochemical analysis.Os objetivos deste estudo foi caracterizar o padrão hematológico e produtivo durante o periparto em vacas com e sem anemia, assim como avaliar o eritrograma em animais que apresentaram metrite puerperal aguda (MPA), claudicação, acetonemia, valores de ácidos graxos não esterificados aumentados (AGNE) e vacas com diferentes categorizações de escore de condição corporal (ECC). No estudo 1, foram utilizadas 50 vacas Holandesas (29 multíparas e 21 primíparas), foram realizadas colheitas sanguíneas e exame físicos em 13 momentos diferentes: 18 ± 3, 12 ± 2, 5 ± 1, e 2 ± 1 antes do parto, parto, e 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 e 60 dias após o parto. Foram realizadas avaliações do eritrograma sendo mensurado a contagem de hemácias (RBC), concentração de hemoglobina, volume globular, além dos valores hematimétricos absolutos do volume corpuscular médio (VCM), concentração hemoglobínica corpuscular média (CHCM), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) e RDW, para as análises bioquímicas foram determinadas a concentração sérica de ferro, betahidróxidobutirato (BHBA), AGNE e bilirrubina total (TBIL). Anemia foi classificada de acordo com os valores de hemoglobina < 7 g/dL e o volume globular < 24 %. A prevalência de anemia foi maior no período 60 dias após o parto afetando 18.3% dos animais, o padrão da anemia apresentado foi normocítica, normocrômica, regenerativa. Os valores das contagens de hemácias, volume globular e hemoglobina foram menores (P < 0.05) para os animais com anemia. Enquanto os animais com MPA e com claudicação, o valor do eritrograma foi muito semelhante ao longo do pós-parto. Não foi observado diferença entre os grupos de acordo com os valores de AGNE, ECC e perda de ECC durante as coletas realizadas no pós-parto. Em conclusão os animais anêmicos apresentaram os valores do exame físico de acordo com os limites fisiológicos, a anemia não provocou perdas produtivas nos animais afetados. Não foi evidenciado que animais com MPA e claudicantes apresentassem maior redução da crase sanguínea, excluindo a ocorrência de anemia inflamatória, sendo que embora a prevalência de anemia aumentasse durante o pós-parto não foi possível caracterizar a causa principal da redução dos valores hematológicos entre as categorizações realizadas. No estudo 2, foram realizadas coletas sanguíneas em 336 animais (252 multíparas e 84 primíparas) entre 21 e 30 dias em lactação (DEL) em 7 fazendas no Estado de São Paulo com objetivo de caracterizar a prevalência de anemia nos animais, prevalência de anemia em diferentes categorizações realizadas como: distocia, retenção dos anexos fetais, mastite, problema digestivo, claudicação, acetonemia, ECC no momento da coleta e número de parto, assim como a análise do eritrograma, bioquímico e ECC e produção de leite entre os animais com e sem anemia. Em conclusão a prevalência de anemia foi baixa prevalência (16.3 %) e nenhuma associação com as categorizações realizadas nesse estudo, adicionalmente não foi possível caracterizar por meio de análises bioquímicas a causa da anemia.
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Oliveira, Juliana Poltronieri de. "Análise funcional da proteína KMT2E na leucemia mielóide aguda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17154/tde-08062017-085309/.
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O gene humano lysine methyltransferase 2E (KMT2E) pertence ao grupo Trithorax (TrxG) e age como proteína modificadora de histonas envolvida no controle transcricional de genes relacionados a hematopoiese. Foi previamente identificado como supressor tumoral, atuando sobre a diferenciação, proliferação e ciclo celular. DAMM et al. (2011) e LUCENA-ARAÚJO et al. (2014) descreveram a associação entre baixos níveis de expressão do gene KMT2E e desfechos desfavoráveis do tratamento de pacientes com leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) e leucemia promielocítica aguda (LPA), respectivamente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar os efeitos do aumento da expressão do gene KMT2E na leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA). Foi utilizada a linhagem celular U937, reconhecida como modelo de LMA, e o aumento da expressão do gene de interesse foi obtido por meio da transfecção das células com um vetor lentiviral contendo o cDNA codificante para a isoforma longa do gene (pCDH-MSCV-MCS-EF1-GFP+Puro, aqui chamado pMEG). As partículas lentivirais foram geradas por co-transfecção em células da linhagem HEK 293T, e posteriormente, titulados com a linhagem celular HT 1080. A expressão do gene e a presença da proteína foram confirmadas por qPCR e western blotting, respectivamente. Foram realizados ensaios funcionais de ciclo celular, proliferação, viabilidade, apoptose espontânea e induzida por trióxido de arsênico e luz ultravioleta e diferenciação celular induzida por 12-miristato 13-acetato de forbol (TPA), com as amostras U937 wild type (WT), U937 pMEG (U937 transduzidas com o vetor vazio) e U937 pMEG-KMT2E. Também foram realizadas mensurações da massa tumoral das células inoculadas em camundongos NSG. A expressão relativa do gene KMT2E na célula U937 pMEG-KMT2E foi 1000 vezes mais alta que na célula U937 sem a modificação genética. Os ensaios de diferenciação celular demonstraram que as células U937 pMEG-KMT2E apresentaram maior diferenciação em monócitos/macrófagos que as células controles, quando levada em consideração a marcação para o antígeno CD11c. A expressão induzida de KMT2E em células U937 não alterou a proliferação, viabilidade, ciclo celular, apoptose, ix espontânea ou induzida e o aspecto clonogênico in vitro, porém, foi associado a um maior crescimento tumoral em modelo animal. Nossa hipótese para justificar as diferenças entre os achados in vitro e in vivo é que o aumento da expressão de KMT2E, talvez por meio do aumento de CD11c, facilitou a interação entre as células e o microambiente, estimulando assim o crescimento tumoral in vivo.The human lysine methyltransferase 2E (KMT2E) gene belongs to the Trithorax (TrxG) group and acts as a histone modifying protein participating in the transcriptional regulation of hematopoiesis-related genes. KMT2E has been previously described as a tumor suppressor, involved in cellular differentiation, proliferation and cell cycle progression. DAMM et al. (2011) and LUCENA-ARAÚJO et al. (2014) described the association between low levels of KMT2E gene expression and poor treatment outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), respectively. The aim of this project was to study the effects of high levels of KMT2E expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). For this purpose, the U937 AML cell line was used and an high expression of the gene was obtained by transfecting the cells with a lentiviral vector containing the cDNA encoding the long isoform of the gene (pCDH-MSCV-MCS-EF1- GFP + Pure, here called pMEG). The lentiviral particles were transfected into HEK 293T cells and the viral concentration was determined by titration using HT 1080 cells. The gene expression and the protein presence were confirmed by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. All experiments to determine the biological function of overexpressed KMT2E were conducted with U937 wild type, U937 pMEG (U937 transduced with the empty vector) and U937 pMEG-KMT2E cells. In-vitro the impact of overexpressed KMT2E was studied on cell cycle progression, proliferation and cell viability, spontaneous and induced apoptosis by arsenic trioxide and ultraviolet light and cell differentiation induced by 12-myristate 13-phorbol acetate (TPA). In vivo, the effect of overexpressed KMT2E was detected by comparing the tumor mass growth in NSG mice when inoculating U937 pMEG and pMEG-KMT2E cells in each flank of the same mouse. The relative expression level of the KMT2E gene in pMEG-KMT2E U937 cells was 1000 higher than in the wild type U937 strain. The cell differentiation assay revealed that U937 pMEG-KMT2E cells presented an increased monocyte/macrophage differentiation, when analyzing the CD11c antigen. Induced xi overexpression of KMT2E in U937 cells did not alter cell proliferation, cell viability, cell cycle progression, spontaneous or induced apoptosis or clonogenic appearance in vitro. However, the overexpression of KMT2E resulted in an increased tumor mass formation in vivo. Taking our discrepant in vitro and in vivo results into account, we could hypothesize that the increased expression of KMT2E, possibly caused by the enhanced expression of CD11c, favored the interaction between U937 pMEGKMT2E cells and their microenvironment, thereby stimulating tumor growth in vivo.
Books on the topic "Hematologic tests"
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Henry, Hambley, ed. Diagnostic picture tests in hematology. London: Mosby-Wolfe, 1995.
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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins., ed. Professional guide to diagnostic tests. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.
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Powers, Lawrence W. Diagnostic hematology: Clinical and technical principles. Edited by Bircher Stephanie and Gunter Anne. St. Louis: Mosby, 1989.
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Harvey, John W. Veterinary hematology: A diagnostic guide and color atlas. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier/Saunders, 2012.
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Schwerdtle, Cornelia. Introduction into darkfield diagnostics: The examination of the native blood according to Prof. Dr. Gunther Enderlein. Hoya, Germany: Semmelweis-Verlag, 1993.
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Seminar on Diagnostic Hematology (1988 Farmington, Conn.). Manual of procedures for the Seminar on Diagnostic Hematology. Philadelphia, PA: Published by the Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. for the Association of Clinical Scientists, 1988.
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Laboratory hematology practice. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell/International Society for Laboratory Hematology, 2012.
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Moini, Jahangir. Phlebotomy: Principles and practice. Sudbury, Mass: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2013.
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Simmons, Arthur. Hematology: A combined theoretical & technical approach. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Hematologic tests"
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Huntington, Scott F., Mark H. O’Hara, and Joel S. Bennett. "Platelet Disorders: Diagnostic Tests and Their Interpretations." In Nonmalignant Hematology, 171–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30352-9_16.
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Mohrbacher, A. "Hematologic Malignancies Involving the Genitourinary System." In Carcinoma of the Kidney and Testis, and Rare Urologic Malignancies, 403–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59839-5_34.
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Pruthi, Rajiv K. "An Overview of the Hemostatic System and Interpretation of Common Screening Coagulation Tests." In Primary Hematology, 291–302. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-228-9_20.
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Ghosh, Archita, Sricheta Parui, Debasis Samanta, Jayanta Mukhopadhyay, and Nishant Chakravorty. "Computer Aided Diagnosis: Approaches to Automate Hematological Tests." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 111–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9612-4_5.
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de Alarcon, P., and M. J. Manco-Johnson. "Evaluation of a child with bleeding or abnormal coagulation screening tests." In Practical Algorithms in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 52–53. Basel: KARGER, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000069598.
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Courouc�, A. M. "Development of Screening and Confirmation Tests for Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus." In Current Studies in Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 64–75. Basel: KARGER, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000060469.
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Baersch, G., K. L. Schäfer, A. Hötte, C. Rübe, F. van Valen, H. Jürgens, B. Dockhorn-Dworniczak, and J. Vormoor. "Establishment of an NOD/SCID Mouse Model for Ewing Tumors: A Potential Preclinical Model to Test Novel Purging Strategies." In Transplantation in Hematology and Oncology, 181–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59592-9_20.
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Martinez, Roberto. "Other Laboratory Tests: Hematologic and Biochemical Changes." In Paracoccidioidomycosis, 365–72. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351075329-28.
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McCue, James. "Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies." In Emergency Medicine, 170–77. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190852955.003.0008.
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Hematologic and oncologic emergencies are an uncommon reason for people to present to the emergency department (ED), but when they do, it is important to know how to diagnose and treat these conditions because many of them are life threatening. Whether it is bleeding due to conditions such as hemophilia, von Willebrand’s disease, warfarin use, or dangerous conditions related to cancer such as tumor lysis syndrome or neutropenic fever, knowing the basics will help you manage these patients and also ace the standardized tests. This chapter presents questions related to the diagnosis, clinical effects, best first response in the ED, and most appropriate treatment of a wide range of these hematologic and oncologic emergencies.
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Oshiokhayamhe Iyevhobu, Kenneth, Omolumen Lucky E., Tobechukwu Joseph Okobi, Edidiong Raphael Usoro, A. Airefetalor Ivie, Benedicta A. Ken-Iyevhobu, and O. Omokpo Victoria. "Overview of Beta-Thalassemia." In Thalassemia Syndromes - New Insights and Transfusion Modalities. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111682.
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Beta-thalassemias are a group of hereditary blood disorders characterized by anomalies in the synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin resulting in variable phenotypes ranging from severe anemia to clinically asymptomatic individuals. Three main forms have been described: thalassemia major, thalassemia intermedia, and thalassemia minor. Individuals with thalassemia major usually present within the first 2 years of life with severe anemia, requiring regular red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Patients with thalassemia intermedia present later in life with moderate anemia and do not require regular transfusions. Thalassemia minor is clinically asymptomatic, but some subjects may have moderate anemia. Beta-thalassemias are caused by point mutations or, more rarely, deletions in the beta-globin gene on chromosome 11, leading to reduced (beta+) or absent (beta0) synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin (Hb). Transmission is autosomal recessive; however, dominant mutations have also been reported. Diagnosis of thalassemia is based on hematologic and molecular genetic testing. Laboratory tests that are conventionally performed to diagnose the β-thalassemia and HbE are classified into two groups, based on the purposes, including the screening tests and confirmatory tests.
Conference papers on the topic "Hematologic tests"
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Mestriner, Victoria Avezum, Matheus Spilari, Rodrigo Ferreira Faria, Bruno Barros de Padua Andrade, Luis Eduardo Belini, and Elizardo Nogueira Junior. "Intracranial hypertension as initial presentation of multiple myeloma in a young man." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.434.
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Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) commonly appears after the age of 50, corresponding to 1% of all cancers. Symptoms such as renal failure and hypercalcemia are usually the initial manifestations of the disease. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) it´s rare and a marker of poor prognosis. We report a young patient opening the MM with an initial manifestation that is rare in the CNS literature. Case report: Male, 38 years old, previously healthy, admitted for holocranial and progressive headache for 1 month and visual blurring and mental confusion started two days before admission. On examination we evidenced papilledema and negative myoclonus in the 4 limbs and neck. Brain computed tomography, arterial and venous angioMRI were normal. Cerebrospinal fluid puncture show increased opening pressure (32 cm H2 O) and biochemical analysis was normal. Laboratory tests showed 24-hour proteinuria in the nephrotic range (3 g), microcytic hypochromic anemia and reduced creatine clearance (48,8 mL/min — Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration). Contrast brain and orbits magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presented thickening of the meninges and bone infiltration, suggestive of lymphoproliferative or hematologic disease. MRI of the spine (cervical and thoracic), thorax and abdomen showed signs of diffuse bone infiltration. HMM was confirmed by electrophoresis of proteins with expressive peak of gamma globulin (43%, VR 11,1–18%). Dexamethasone (4 mg 6/6 hour for three days) was administered, with complete resolution of mental confusion and headache. The patient was followed up with hematology to start chemotherapy. Conclusion: We report a rare case of MM that started with predominantly neurological manifestations which responded very well to corticosteroid therapy in low doses after few days. This case illustrates how intracranial hypertension in a young patient requires extensive investigation for possible rarer differential diagnoses when initial tests are normal.
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Astuti, Dewi, Eva Ayu Maharani, and Fitri Zakiyah. "The Comparison of Routine Hematology Test Between Veins and Capillary Blood: Studies on Hematology Analyzer." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Health Sciences (ICHS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichs-18.2019.10.
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Soynikova, E. S., D. S. Batishchev, and V. M. Mikhelev. "A hematological blood test system based on Price-Jones curve." In General question of world science. "Л-Журнал", 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-30-11-2017-04.
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Toledo, João Gabriel Assis, Mauricio Farias Da Silva, Juliano Gomes Barreto, Sergio Henrique Mattos, and Cristiano Guilherme Alves De Oliveira. "AVALIAÇÃO DO PERFIL DE PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS AO TESTE RÁPIDO PARA COVID-19 EM UMA FARMÁCIA COMUNITÁRIA DO NOROESTE FLUMINENSE." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Hematologia Clínico-laboratorial On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/hematoclil/146.
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Introdução: O Coronavírus, um vírus da família Coronaviridae foi identificado no fim de 2019 na cidade de Wuhan na China, sendo esse novo vírus o causador da doença COVID-19, tornando-se, a partir de uma epidemia originada na China, uma crise de saúde global sem precedentes, a doença em questão, ainda pouco estudada, apresenta sintomatologia variada e ainda não muito bem esclarecida, variando de uma febre, a até mesmo dispneia. O tratamento da COVID ainda é muito incerto, tendo em vista que até hoje não possua uma droga anti-SARS-CoV-2 específica, há alguns medicamentos antivirais que se destacam em testes clínicos, porém, deve-se também levar em consideração os efeitos colaterais dos mesmos. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o perfil dos pacientes submetidos ao teste rápido para COVID-19 em uma farmácia comunitária do interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro, utilizando como base de dados as informações fornecidas pela mesma. Material e Métodos: 292 pacientes foram submetidos ao teste rápido de COVID-19 na drogaria supracitada durante o período de 15 de junho de 2020 a 15 de agosto de 2020. Os dados foram tabulados em planilha do Excel® e tratados estatisticamente com as ferramentas disponíveis no software. Resultados: Dentre os pacientes testados, a maioria (59,2%) testaram negativo [IgM/IgG (-)] e 119 testaram positivo (40,8%). Conclusão: Através de análise estatística notou-se que não há diferença no olhar estatístico referente à etnia, idade, sexo e presença de comorbidades para o acometimento ou não da doença, salvo nos casos de agravos decorrentes de sequelas ocasionadas posteriormente à evolução clínica da doença. Por falta de conhecimento de maiores informações sobre o comportamento da doença, se faz necessário estudos mais robustos e aprofundados sobre a COVID-19 para melhor entendimento da mesma. Cabendo ressaltar ainda que diferentemente de outras doenças virais, a resposta imune por COVID-19 vem se comportando de forma variada, com anticorpos IgM prevalecendo por períodos de até 90 dias após a infecção inicial, e anticorpos IgG ainda sem uma comprovação evidente de permanência por longos períodos superiores 12 meses.
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Silva, Lorena Karla. "PERFIL CLÍNICO/COMPORTAMENTAL DA ANEMIA FALCIFORME EM CRIANÇAS DE IDADE ESCOLAR." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Hematologia Clínico-laboratorial On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/622.
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Introdução: A Anemia Falciforme é uma patologia majoritária dentro do grupo das hemoglobinopatias. Apresenta-se como uma doença de caráter genético e hereditário, sendo a mais comum no Brasil. Ocorre devido a uma mutação pontual, gerando uma hemoglobina anormal (HbS). Objetivo: Descrever as características da anemia falciforme, e pontuar sua manifestação clínica em crianças de idade escolar. Materiais e Mtétodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, utilizando as bases de dados: BVS, Scielo e PubMed. Foram utilizados 20 artigos, preferencialmente na língua portuguesa, e o critério de inclusão foram artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Resultados e Discussão: Por apresentar sintomalogia variada, a criança com anemia falciforme apresenta uma série de prejuízos e intercorrências ao longo do desenvolvimento, precisando adaptar-se aos seus efeitos para ter um bom desenvolvimento. Campelo, 2017 evidencia que o quadro clínico da AF começa a aparecer a partir dos seis meses de idade, e as manifestações clínicas dos portadores podem variar de quadros álgicos leves a um potencial risco de vida, devido a vasooclusão secundária à falcização das hemácias. Nuzzo, 2004, evidencia que o teste mais utilizado para o diagnóstico da Anemia Falciforme é a eletroforese da hemoglobina. O Ministério da Saúde explicita que em recém-nascidos com hemoglobinopatias, os testes de triagem só encontrarão traços da hemoglobina variante. O perfil hemoglobínico característico, é obtido somente após o sexto mês de vida. Ressalta-se a importância da repetição dos exames até o final do primeiro ano de vida. A porcentagem de mortalidade entre crianças menores de 5 anos com anemia falciforme é cerca de 25% a 30%, e a maioria das mortes são advindas de infecções fatais. Conclusão: A partir do estudo destaca-se a importância de um diagnóstico precoce e a adesão a diferentes intervenções terapêuticas, podendo assim reduzir o impacto negativo sobre a qualidade de vida da criança.
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Morais, Pedro Erbet Belém Filho, Eduarda Rabêlo Lima, Beatriz Rodrigues Neri, and Maria Fernanda Brunetta de Almeida. "DOENÇA DE VON WILLEBRAND DO TIPO 2B: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Hematologia Clínico-laboratorial On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/641.
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Introdução: A doença de Von Willebrand (DVW) é um distúrbio hereditário hemorrágico, ocasionado pela deficiência quantitativa e/ou qualitativa do fator de Von Willebrand (FVW). A DVW é subdividida nos tipos 1, 2A, 2B, 2M, 2N e 3. O subtipo 2B consiste no defeito qualitativo e será abordado neste artigo. Objetivo: Revisar e descrever os principais aspectos da DVW tipo 2B, incluindo aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais, fisiopatologia, condução médica adequada e particularidades em relação às demais formas da doença. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa na literatura, utilizando a base de dados PubMed. Foram revisados 7 artigos científicos, utilizando o descritor “Doença de Von Willebrand tipo 2B”, publicados entre os anos de 2016 a 2020. Resultados: A DVW tipo 2B é caracterizada pelo aumento da afinidade do fator de von willebrand (FVW) com a glicoproteína Ibα presente na plaqueta, levando à depuração excessiva de FVW. A DVW tipo 2 se manifesta como um sangramento mucocutâneo de leve a moderada intensidade, podendo incluir trombocitopenia transitória em certas circunstâncias, como na administração de desmopressina. O diagnóstico do tipo 2 é realizado através de testes laboratoriais, sendo os principais a baixa dosagem do cofator de ristocetina (FVW:RCo), seguida pela razão entre FVW:RCo e FVW:Ag menor que 0.7. Para a confirmação do subtipo 2B, faz-se uso do RIPA e do teste genético, em que há predomínio de FVW A1. O tratamento inclui a administração de antifibrinolíticos, desmopressina e concentrados ricos em FVW para resgate. Em relação às gestantes, o uso de bloqueio peridural não é recomendado e os níveis plaquetários devem ser constantemente monitorados no trabalho de parto destas pacientes. Conclusão: Em suma, a DVW é a desordem hemorrágica hereditária mais comum, possuindo diversas manifestações clínicas, e devendo ser identificada precocemente a fim de evitar complicações futuras.
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Soares, Vitória Moreira, Maria Clara Tomaz Feijão, Ana Carolina Filgueiras Teles, Emanuel Cintra Austregésilo Bezerra, and Aline Diogo Marinho. "NOVOS TRATAMENTOS DA LEUCEMIA NEUTROFÍLICA CRÔNICA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Hematologia Clínico-laboratorial On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/hematoclil/119.
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Introdução: A Leucemia Neutrofílica Crônica (LNC) é uma neoplasia mieloproliferativa rara, com hipercelularidade de medula. Entretanto, pouco é sabido sobre o aumento na sobrevida para LNC com o uso de IFN-α, inibidor de JAK1/2 e inibidor da MEK. Potencial curativo é expresso apenas com o transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH), indicado para parte dos casos. Objetivos: Revisar as novas terapias: inibição da JAK-STAT, do MEK e da tirosina quinase, potencialmente vantajosas no manejo clínico da LNC. Material e métodos: Revisão sistemática de artigos originais disponíveis na plataforma PubMed entre 2020 e 2021, ordenados por relevância, acerca do tratamento da LNC. Resultados: Foram encontrados 27 artigos na plataforma, tendo sido selecionados os 7 mais relevantes. Os fármacos têm sido capazes de estabilizar o paciente com melhor qualidade de vida, mas sem potencial curativo e sem aumento da sobrevida. Recentemente, o inibidor da JAK-STAT ruxolitinibe emergiu, como tratamento nos casos de mutação de membrana proximal de CSF3, objetivando citorredução e preparação para o TCTH. Os desafios do emprego deste medicamento são: determinação do período ideal para o uso e benefícios da sua associação ao trametinibe para evitar a resistência. Ademais, o dasatinibe, inibidor da tirosina quinase, e o trametinibe, inibidor seletivo da MEK1/2, estão sendo utilizadas para potencializar o tratamento no caso de associação de mutações. Pacientes portadores de mutação NRAS e CSF3R têm apresentado boa resposta à terapêutica com inibidores de MEK1/2.Nesse sentido, sabe-se que o ruxolitinibe apresenta taxa de resposta de 32%, sendo mais eficaz contra a mutação CSF3R-T618I, mesmo sem evidência de melhora na sobrevida. Já o dasatinibe teve eficácia comprovada em teste in vitro, atuando nos casos de mutação CSF3R, entretanto, os estudos in vivo são incipientes. Conclusão: Portanto, conclui-se que é necessário o desenvolvimento de novas terapias, visando o gene CSF3R, considerado o principal envolvido na carcinogênese da LNC, além da realização de testes com as drogas supramencionadas: ruxolitinibe, dasatinibe e trametinibe, com o fito de elucidar as suas indicações e efeitos.
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Souza, Denis Carvalho de, and Myuki Alfaia Esashika Crispin. "PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS DOADORES DE SANGUE DA FUNDAÇÃO HEMOAM INFECTADOS PELO VÍRUS DA IMUNODEFICIÊNCIA HUMANA, NO PERÍODO DE 2017 A 2019." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Hematologia Clínico-laboratorial On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/hematoclil/163.
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Introdução: Na última década, a epidemia de HIV/aids no norte do Brasil, em especial no estado do Amazonas é crescente, e caracteriza-se por um aumento acentuado dos casos de incidência do HIV/aids. Doadores de sangue infectados pelo HIV são considerados uma importante população sentinela para a vigilância epidemiológica, no entanto, dados sobre a epidemiologia dessa infecção em doadores de sangue ainda são escassos. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico dos doadores de sangue e a prevalência de coinfecção do HIV/vírus das hepatites B, HIV/vírus da Hepatite C, HIV/vírus linfotrópico das células T humanas HTLV-1/2, HIV/Sífilis e HIV/Doença de Chagas da Fundação HEMOAM no período de 2017 a 2019. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e retrospectivo. Na triagem dos doadores de sangue para o HIV foi utilizado o método de Quimiluminescência (CMIA) e teste de ácido nucleico (NAT). As análises descritivas foram realizadas a partir de informações cadastradas no banco de dados do programa HEMOSYS da Fundação HEMOAM. Resultados: No período do estudo, um total de 172.867 candidatos a doação de sangue compareceram na Fundação HEMOAM. Destes, 0,8% (N=146) testaram positivo para o HIV. Entre estes, houve o predomínio de homens 77,4% (N=113), jovens entre 18 a 27 anos 39% (N=57), solteiros 52,1% (N=76), de raça parda 60,3% (N=88), com escolaridade ensino médio 40,4% (N=59). Em relação a coinfecção, verificou-se alta prevalência de HIV/sífilis com 26% (N=38) entre doadores de sangue, seguido pelo HIV/Hepatite C (HCV), sendo 3,4% (N=05). Não foram encontrados nenhuma coinfecção do HIV com o vírus da hepatite B, vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas HTLV, e Doença de chagas. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentados nesse estudo mostraram que os doadores de sangue infectados pelo HIV, eram adultos jovens, solteiros, do sexo masculino, pardos, com escolaridade ensino médio. Evidenciando que, este grupo necessita de mais políticas de educação e prevenção, ampliando a oferta de testes sorológicos para o HIV-1 nesta população. Os dados destacam a relevância da detecção da prevalência de coinfecções com o HIV em doadores de sangue, que podem subsidiar medidas de prevenção e de disseminação de infecção.
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Brietzke, Cristine Blume, and Eduarda Klockner. "ORIENTAÇÕES DA NOTA TÉCNICA Nº 4/2022-CGSH/DAET/SAES/MS SOBRE A TRIAGEM CLÍNICA DE POSSÍVEIS DOADORES DE SANGUE FRENTE À PANDEMIA DA COVID-19." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Hematologia Clínico-laboratorial On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/hematoclil/111.
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Introdução: Em dezembro de 2019 foi notificado na cidade de Wuhan, na China, o primeiro diagnóstico de Covid-19, que posteriormente desencadearia uma pandemia de proporção mundial. Este cenário impactou negativamente nas rotinas dos hemocentros, que evidenciaram uma drástica redução no número de doadores, bem como adaptações necessárias para o contínuo de uma atividade extremamente essencial para suporte transfusional dos pacientes. Para tanto, orientações estão sendo publicadas, como a NOTA TÉCNICA Nº 4/2022-CGSH/DAET/SAES/MS para garantir uma triagem segura aos possíveis candidatos a doação de sangue. Objetivos: Identificar as orientações referentes à triagem clínica dos doadores de sangue frente a pandemia da Covid-19 propostas pela NOTA TÉCNICA Nº 4/2022-CGSH/DAET/SAES/MS. Materiais e métodos: Análise e avaliação da NOTA TÉCNICA Nº 4/2022-CGSH/DAET/SAES/MS, para posterior identificação das orientações propostas referentes a triagem clínica dos doadores de sangue frente a pandemia da Covid-19. Resultados:. A NOTA TÉCNICA Nº 4/2022 foi publicada com o intuito de orientar as novas práticas que devem ser seguidas na triagem realizada aos candidatos para doação de sangue frente a pandemia causada pelo SARS-C0V-2, a fim de garantir uma doação segura. Dessa forma, indivíduos com a doença confirmada ou suspeita que apresentem sintomas leves/moderados deverão ser impedidos de doar por um período de 10 dias após cessarem os sintomas. Pelo mesmo período deverão ser considerados inaptos aqueles que apresentarem um teste diagnóstico (teste PCR ou pesquisa de antígeno) positivo mesmo que permaneçam assintomáticos, a contar do dia da coleta do exame. Já os candidatos que tiveram contato próximo a caso confirmado dessa doença ou contato com indivíduos com teste positivo, estarão impossibilitados de realizar a doação por 7 dias a contar do contato. Por último, a Nota recomenda que pessoas em isolamento voluntário ou assinalado por ordem médica devido a presença de sintomas, só poderão ser considerados aptos após saírem do isolamento. Conclusão: Em decorrência do avanço da pandemia é possível observar que novas orientações estão sendo publicadas a todo tempo. Tais recomendações devem ser respeitadas a fim de garantir que o processo de doação seja seguro tanto para o doador, como para o receptor dos componentes sanguíneos.
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Erhan, Dumitru. "Влияние Sarcocystis Bovicanis на организм телят при экспериментальном заражении." In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.38.
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The aim research was to established specific clinical symptoms and changes of hematological and biochemical indices in the experimental bovine sarcocistoza. The results of the tests show that the experimental infestation of calves with Sarcocystis bovicanis sporocysts in dose of 200-250 thousands, disease manifests clinically but more pronounced is on the 25-30 days after infestation, which coincides with the development of schizogonic stages when appearing massively schizonts. On the 64th day (observation period), the condition of the animals improves, which corresponds to the step of introducing the sporochysts into the muscles. Have been established three periods of body temperature increase at the calves: on 5-7, 15-17 and 25-30th days after experimental infestation. At the infected calves have been identified changes in hematological and biochemical indices in blood. From the first days after infestation, a decrease in serum total proteins has been established, hypoalbuminemia - albumin content on the 30th day after infection is reduced with 27.7% compared to baseline (until infestation). The activity of alkaline phosphatase and aldolase increases about 2-times, and aspartataminotransferaza and alanine aminotransferase by- 2-3 times.