Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hematologicl changes'

Thematic paper (M.C.T.M. (Clinical Tropical Medicine))--Mahidol University, 2006.<br>LICL has E-Thesis 0012 ; please contact computer services. LIRV has E-Thesis 0012 ; please contact circulation services.

Thematic Paper ((M.C.T.M. Clinical Tropical Medicine))--Mahidol University, 2006.<br>LICL has E-Thesis 0012 ; please contact computer services. LIRV has E-Thesis 0012 ; please contact circulation services.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>O objectivo deste trabalho foi o de caracterizar a frequência da raça, sexo e idade, assim como a sazonalidade na parvovirose canina, e investigar se existe alguma associação entre o número total de leucócitos, o leucograma e o prognóstico da parvovirose canina (alta vs. óbito). Num estudo retrospectivo observacional, em 191 canídeos com diagnóstico clínico de parvovirose canina confirmado através de teste ELISA, obteve-se o hemograma completo aquando da apresentação de cada animal. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos de acordo com a contagem total de leucócitos: grupo 1 com leucopénia severa (<1x103/μl), grupo 2 com leucopénia moderada (1,1 a 2,5x103/μl), grupo 3 com leucopénia ligeira (2,6 a 6,0 x103/μl) e, grupo 4 com valores normais ou com leucocitose (>6 x103/μl). A diferença entre as proporções de óbitos nos diferentes grupos foi analisada com teste exacto de Fisher e a comparação entre as variáveis dos grupos de alta e de óbito utilizou testes de T e Mann-Whitney U - Wilcoxon W (quando os anteriores não foram aplicáveis), usando software SPSS 16.0. Os resultados revelaram que 36,6% dos animais em estudo pertenciam ao sexo feminino (n=70/191) e 63,4% ao sexo masculino (n=121/191). A maior frequência de casos (69,1%, n=149/191) ocorreu na faixa etária dos 2 aos 6 meses de idade, nos meses de Julho a Novembro (72,7%, n=139/191) e, em animais de raça indeterminada (34,6%, n=66/191). Os animais distribuíram-se por 28 raças diferentes, sendo as mais representativas a Rottweiler 10,5% (n=20/191), a Caniche 6,8% (n=13/191), a Boxer 4,7% (n=9/191), a Labrador Retriever 4,7% (n=9/191), a Husky Siberiano 4,2% (n=8/191) e a Serra da Estrela 4,2% (n=8/191). Relativamente ao leucograma e o prognóstico da parvovirose canina, os resultados evidenciaram diferença significativa entre os grupos de alta e de óbito para a contagem total de leucócitos (p=0,003) e para o número absoluto de linfócitos (p=0,013) e de eosinófilos (p=0,037). O teste exacto de Fisher evidenciou diferenças extremamente significativas (p<0,001) entre as proporções de óbitos nos 4 grupos. No grupo que apresentou leucopénia severa, 60% (n=6/10) resultou em óbito e no grupo com leucopénia moderada, 16,7% (n=9/54) dos animais morreram. Dos canídeos com leucopénia ligeira 76,9% (n=20/26) resultaram em alta e, no grupo dos animais com valores normais ou com leucocitose 92,1% (n=93/101) sobreviveu. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a avaliação da contagem total de leucócitos, pode contribuir como factor de prognóstico em canídeos com parvovirose. Pacientes com leucopénia severa a moderada apresentam maior mortalidade quando comparados com canídeos com leucopénia ligeira, valores normais ou de leucocitose.<br>ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the frequency of breed, gender and age, as well as seasonality in canine parvovirus enteritis, and to investigate if there is association between the total count of leukocytes, the leukogram and the prognostic in this illness (survival vs. death). In an observational retrospective study, in 191 dogs with clinical diagnosis of canine parvoviral enteritis confirmed with ELISA, the hemogram was obtained at the day of presentation. The animals were divided in 4 groups according with the total count of leucocytes: group 1 with severe leukopenia (<1x103/μl), group 2 with moderate leukopenia (1,1 a 2,5x103/μl), group 3 with mild leukopenia (2,6 a 6,0 x103/μl) and, group 4 with normal values or leukocytosis (>6 x103/μl). The difference between the proportions of death and survival was analysed with the Fisher’s exact test, and the comparison between the variables in the death and survival groups used the Student-t and the Mann-Whitney U - Wilcoxon W tests (when the first was not applicable), using the SPSS 16.0 software. The results showed that 36,6% of the studied animals where females (n=70/191) and 63,4% males (n=121/191). The higher frequency of cases occurred from 2 to 6 months of age (69,1%, n=149/191), in the months of July to November (72,7%, n=139/191) and, in animals of undetermined breed (34,6%, n=66/191). The animals presented 28 different breeds, being the most representatives Rottweillers 10,5% (n=20/191), Toy Poodle 6,8% (n=13/191), Boxer 4,7% (n=9/191), Labrador Retriever 4,7% (n=9/191), Siberian Husky 4,2% (n=8/191) and Serra da Estrela 4,2% (n=8/191). Considering the leukogram and its prognostic value in parvoviral enteritis, the results showed a significant difference between the death and survival groups in the total count of leucocytes (p=0,003), in the absolute number of lymphocytes (p=0,013) and eosinophiles (p=0,037). The Fisher’s exact test showed extremely significant differences (p<0,001) between the proportions of death in the 4 groups of leukocyte values. In the group with severe leukopenia 60% (n=6/10) died and in the group with moderate leukopenia 83,3% (n=9/54) died. From the dogs with mild leukopenia 76,9% (n=20/26) survived and, from the group of animals that presented normal values or leukocytosis 92,1% (n=93/101) survived. The results obtained allow the conclusion that an evaluation of the total count of leukocytes can contribute as a prognostic factor in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Patients with severe to moderate leukopenia present higher mortality when compared with dogs with normal values or leukocytosis.

Для оценки гематологических сдвигов, возникающих у лиц профессионально контактирующих с летучими производными эпоксидных соединений, соответствующими лабораторными методами, обследовано 120 женщин, которые на протяжении от 1 года до 25 лет подвергались воздействию летучих производных эпоксидных соединений. Женщины молодого возраста (до 45 лет) составили основную группу (92 %) обследуемого контингента. Полученные данные сопоставлялись с аналогичными результатами у практически здоровых лиц аналогичного возраста (контрольная группа, 30 женщин). При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36335

De senaste årens utveckling inom informationsteknik har påverkat organisationers struktur och arbetsmönster. Inom sjukvården har därför av flera anledningar behovet att studera olika former av kommunikation lyfts fram. Ur patientsäkerhetssynpunkt har problem med misstag kopplade till bristande informationsöverföring påtalats. Hierarkiska skillnader, otydliga roller och brister i själva informationsflödena har angetts som orsaker. Motåtgärderna är inte självklara. Sjukvården är en av samhällets mest komplexa kunskapsorganisationer och präglas av karaktärsdrag och informationsflöden kopplade till starka professioner. Kommunikationsgranskningar genomförs vanligen med målet att identifiera orsaker till ineffektiv kommunikation, brister i kommunikationsprocesser, föreslå förbättringar och ge ledning och medarbetare en mer objektiv bild av faktiska förhållanden. Forskningsområdet har dominerats av stora enkätstudier men en ökad efterfrågan har riktats mot studier på plats i den dagliga kommunikationsmiljön hos organisationer. I detta arbete har en sådan fallstudie utförts vid avdelningen för hematologisk slutenvård inom Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Huddinge, Stockholm. Avdelningen hade år 2012 i samband med ett lokalbyte inom sjukhuset genomfört omstruktureringar som berörde såväl roller som kanalerna för kommunikation. Verksamheten upplevdes nu inte bedrivas tillräckligt effektiv, den uppfattades ta tid och vara oöverskådlig där förbättrad kommunikation sågs som en lösning. Syftet med denna fallstudie har varit att utifrån roller och kanaler för kommunikation belysa aspekter på hur en tydligare formell struktur för dagens personalinterna kommunikation kan skapas och förmedlas. Syftet besvarades genom att kartlägga dagens formella struktur, vilket är det förväntade utbytet av information beskrivet i arbetsbeskrivningar och policys, men även genom att studera den informella struktur som utvecklats i det dagliga arbetet. En blandning av datainsamlingsmetoder har använts och organisationens kommunikationsnätverk i form av det nätverk som byggs upp av flödet av information mellan aktörer har visualiserats och analyserats. Resultatet visar på skillnader mellan den formella strukturen för personalintern kommunikation och den informella strukturen. Dessa har använts för att analysera, diskutera och föreslå hur de identifierade skillnaderna kan användas för att förtydliga roller och kanaler i den formella strukturen. Studien har identifierat sex områden där den formella strukturen kan förtydligas; en högre grad av dokumenterat kommunikativt ansvar och tydliga rutiner, en stärkt kommunikation inom arbetsteam istället för inom professioner, en definition av över-­‐ och underläkarnas kommunikativa roller, en ökad kontinuitet i centrala roller för kommunikation, en översyn av den fysiska strukturens påverkan på kommunikationen och slutligen ökade förutsättningar för snabb direkt kommunikation med informationsteknologi.<br>The recent technological development within information technology has affected the structure of organisations and the organisation of work. In health care, and for several reasons, the need for communication audits has thus been highlighted. Patient safety may be risked by mistakes linked to deficiencies in information transfer. Often are hierarchical structures, unclear roles and gaps in information flows suggested causes. On the other hand, the health care sector often is considered as one of society's most complex knowledge organizations, characterized by intense information flows with traits linked to strong professions. Communication audits are accomplished with the objective to identify causes of ineffective communication, lack of explicit communication processes, to suggest improvements and provide management and staff with more objective descriptions of roles and links. The research field has for a while been dominated by large-­‐scale surveys and resent studies has pointed at the need for studies of daily communication environments at site of organizations. This is such a study, carried through at a department for inpatient care at the University Hospital Karolinska, located in Huddinge, Stockholm. In 2012, the studied department relocated into new facilities and completed a small restructuring of its organization, affecting roles and channels of communication. The perception of the new organization was inefficiency, both in time and difficulties to overview the structure. The purpose of this thesis has therefore been to discuss and highlight how to clarify formal structure of the internal communication among staff based on parameters such as roles and channels of communication. The study maps today's formal structure, which is the expected exchange of information as described in job descriptions and work policies and compares this with developed informal structures based on how employees prefer to exchange information. A mix of data collection methods is used. An analysis is conducted were the organization's communication network as perceived as exchange of information between the employees is visualised. The results showed differences between the formal structure and the informal structure that could be used to highlight aspects of how the identified differences could be used to clarify the formal structure. The study points at six areas were the formal structure may be elucidated; more documented communicative responsibilities and procedures, a strengthening of communication within working groups rather than within professions, a definition of the chief physician and the assistant physicians' communicative roles, an increased continuity in key roles for communication, a review of the physical structure's impact on communication and finally, create conditions for fast communication with information technology.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Herika Xavier da Costa.pdf: 698865 bytes, checksum: 5690033d276bcffe9deb9d5e0535394d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25<br>The most important hemoparasites in dogs clinic are often associated with the manifestation of thrombocytopenia, being characterized by a lowering in platelet numbers. The aim of the current study was to verify the involvement of hemoparasites in finding thrombocytopenia in dogs from the city of Goiânia treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Goiás (HV/EV/UFG). For this study, 300 animals were selected and divided into two groups:one group with 150 animals with thrombocytopenia (< 200.000 platelets/mm3)and another one with 150 non-thrombocytopenic animals (&#8805; 200.000 platelets/mm3). Blood samples with EDTA were collected in the two groups for total DNA extraction. All DNA eluates were tested by PCR for specific detection of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma canis,Hepatozoon canis, Mycoplasma haemocanis, Babesia canis vogeli, Babesia gibsoni and Theileria equi. The frequency of positive samples within the group of thrombocytopenic animals was 71.3% (107/150) to E. canis, 8.7% (13/150) for A. platys, 9.3% for B. c. vogeli (14/150), 2.0% (3/150) for H. canis and 3.3% (5/150)for M. haemocanis.In the group of non-thrombocytopenic animals the frequency of positives was 14% (21/150) for E. canis, 3.3% (5/150) for A. platys, 0.7% (1/150) for B. c. Vogeli, 4.0% (6/150) for H. canis and 1.3% (2/150) for M.haemocanis. Babesia gibsoni and Theileria equi were not detected using PCR assays.Statisti cally significant associations between thrombocytopenia and infections by hemoparasites were only observed for E. canis (P <0.05) and B. c.vogeli (P <0.05). The most frequently hemoparasitosis was Canine Monocitic Erliquiosis, which occurred in 71,33% (107/150) within thrombocytopenic dogs group and in 14% (21/150) within non-thrombocytopenic dogs group. There was a relationship between the thrombocytopenia degree observed and the infection by E. canis. Values of severe thrombocytopenia (<50.000 platelets/mm3 blood) can be considered an indicator for infection of E. canis.<br>Os principais hemoparasitos de importância na clínica de cães estão, frequentemente, relacionados com a manifes tação de trombocitopenia, a qual é caracterizada por uma diminuição no número de plaquetas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar o envolvimento de hemoparasitos nos achados de trombocitopenia em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Para o estudo foram selecionados 300 animais, divididos em dois grupos de 150, sendo um grupo de animais trombocitopênicos (<200.000 plaquetas/mm3) e outro grupo representado por animais não-trombocitopênicos (&#8805;200.000 plaquetas/mm3). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue com EDTA dos dois grupos para a extração de DNA total. Os eluatos de DNA foram, todos, submetidos a testes de PCR para a detecção específica de Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma canis, Hepatozoon canis, Mycoplasma haemocanis, Babesia canis vogeli, Babesia gibsoni e Theileria equi. A frequência de amostras positivas entre o grupo de animais trombocitopênicos foi de 71,3% (107/150) para E. canis, 8,7% (13/150) para A. platys, 9,3% para B. c. vogeli (14/150), 2,0% (3/150) para H. canis e 3,3% (5/150) para M. haemocanis. No grupo de não-trombocitopênicos a frequência de positivos foram de 14% (21/150) para E. canis, 3,3% (5/150) para A. platys, 0,7% (1/150) para B. c. vogeli, 4,0% (6/150) para H. canis e 1,3% (2/150) para M. haemocanis. Babesia gibsoni e Theileria equi não foram detectadas usando ensaios de PCR. Associações estatisticamente significativas entre casos de trombocitopenia e infecções por hemoparasitos foram observadas apenas para E. canis (P<0,05) e B. c. vogeli (P<0,05). A hemoparasitose de maior frequência foi a Erliquiose Monocitica Canina, ocorrendo em 71,33% (107/150) no grupo de cães trombocitopênicos e em 14% (21/150) do grupo de cães não trombocitopênicos. Verificou-se uma relação entre o grau de trombocitopenia e a infecção por E. canis. Valores de trombocitopenia severa (<50.000 plaquetas/mm3 de sangue) demonstrou ser um indicador de infecção por E. canis.

碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>畜產學系<br>88<br>The purpose of this study was conducted to establish the normal hematological constituents values in goat kids, pregnant and lactating does. The study was divided into four trials, and twenty-three goat kids, seventeen lactating and ten pregnant does were used in this experiment. In trail 1, blood samples were collected at 0,6,12,18,24,36,48,72,96 and 120 hours in goat kids after birth. In trail 2, body weight were recorded and blood sample were collected weekly at 1~13 weeks of age in goat kids. In trail 3, blood sample were collected weekly from one week prekidding to 21 weeks postkidding in lactating does. In trail 4, blood samples were collected at intervals of two weeks after pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasounl beam in pregnant does. The packed cell volume, whole blood hemoglobin cnecentration, and serum pH, total protein, total lipid, triglyceride, sodium, potassium, chloride, Ionized calcium concentrations, and the activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in blood samples were determined. Serum protein were separated and quantified by agarose electrophoresis. The result showed ：（1）Birth weight and body weight gain：The average birth weight of goat kids was 3.19 ± 0.2 kg 。The body weight at 28 weeks of age in goat kids was 25.64 ± 1.96 kg, and the average body weight gain was 0.8 kg from birth to 28 weeks of age.（2） Blood constituents：The packed cell volume of goat kids from birth to 120 hours and 1~13 weeks of age were 24.5~42.3 % and 27.7~32.53 % respectively, and those of lactating and pregnant does were 24.5~30.82 % and 24.5~30.1 %, respectively；the hemoglobin concentrations were 8.98 ~ 12.49 g/dl , 9.56~12.06 g/dl , 8.48~11.23 g/dl and 8.60~11.0 g/dl , accordingly；the plasma glucose concentrations were 38.62~151.73 mg/dl , 63.81~94.62 mg/dl , 42.57~68.60 mg/dl and 52.93~ 67.89 mg/dl , accordingly；the serum pH were 7.61~7.80 , 7.59~7.75 , 7.60~7.72 and 7.60~7.91, accordingly；the serum total protein concentrations were 5.34~7.22 g/dl, 6.39~7.72 g/dl, 7.61~9.10 g/dl and 8.0~9.22 g/dl , accordingly；the serum total lipid concentrations were 1.03~3.36 g/l , 1.71~3.63 g/l, 1.72~2.81 g/l and 1.31~2.20 g/l, accordingly；the serum total cholesterol concentrations were 30.47~113.4 mg/dl, 63.21~141.1 mg/dl, 73.16~127.2 mg/dl and 70.5~97.8 mg/dl , accordingly；the serum triglyceride concentrations were 32.27~113.02 mg/dl, 25.39~39.88 mg/dl , 19.22~40.76 mg/dl and 17.36~34.25 mg/dl, accordingly；the serum lactate dehydrogenase activities were 441.3 ~620 U/l, 335.8~ 574.0 U/l , 334.1~652.4 U/l and 393.1~516.2 U/l , accordingly；the serum creatine kinase activities were 15.45~106.4 U/l, 21.61~58.10 U/l, 16.28~40.52 U/l and 16.69~39.08 U/l, accordingly；the serum ionized calcium concentrations were 1.13~1.36 mmol/l, 1.23~1.41 mmol/l, 1.02 ~1.35 mmol/l and 1.07~1.23 mmol/l, accordingly；the serum sodium concentrations were 143.4~146.9 mmol/l, 143~147 mmol/l, 143.2~149.5 mmol/l and 144~148 mmol/l, accordingly；the serum potassium concentrations were 4.39~5.19 mmol/l, 5.50~6.11 mmol/l, 4.26~5.26 mmol/l and 4.25~5.0 mmol/l, accordingly；the serum chloride concentrations were 101.8~108.6 mmol/l, 107~109.6 mmol/l, 104.4~111.7 mmol/l and 108.8~111.4 mmol/l, accordingly。（3）The serum proteins were separated into albumin 、α1-globulin、α2-globulin、β- globulin and γ- globulin fractions with electrophoretic technique.

碩士<br>國防醫學院<br>生物及解剖學研究所<br>89<br>The inbred strain C3H/HeN mice could be infected by Dengue virus and then proceed into the state of paralysis. To investigate the distribution of Dengue virus in vivo system and the pathogenesis might occurred in major organs. We used 6-week-old female C3H mice were intravenous (IV)-injected with a local strain Dengue-2 PL046 (up to 1×107 PFU/mice). The inoculated mice were observed daily for signs of morbility. Samples like blood, brain, liver, etc. were examined at day 5, 8, and 11 p.i. and the day at the onset of paralysis. Seven mice for each group were examined. Pathological changes and the localizations of viral protein NS1 and E proteins were examined by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with immunohistochemistry and immuno- gold staining. Abdominal hemorrhage, splenomegaly and tarry stool in the small intestine were observed. On Clinical investigations, gradually thrombocytopenia and increasing hematocrits and blood urea nitrogen were observed similar to that in human. NS1 and E proteins were localized in the hepatocytes, the white matter of cerebellum, and the hippocampus of cerebrum at day 8 p.i. Morphologically, hypertrophy of mitochondria and cystic vesicles were frequently revealed in most cells. The dengue study takes advantage of C3H mice as a valuable model for scrutinizing some aspects of Dengue-2-induced pathogenesis.

碩士<br>國立陽明大學<br>公共衛生研究所<br>93<br>The research analyzes the longitudinal effects in hematology of radiation-polluted residents, and discusses the roles of cumulative radiation dose and relocation time (the duration from moving out of the polluted housings to health check up) in hematological indices. In the past, the Hematology data of the Taiwan radiation housing residents was exclusively based on the comparatively lowly dosed primary school students who had been taught in polluted classrooms. Now this research broadens to the different age groups of patients who have done check ups at the National Taiwan University Hospital. The 414 patients have intact cumulated dosage and move records, and have all been exposed to doses over 5mSv. The model for longitudinal data is mainly composed of the Likelihood Method’s Linear mixed model with parametric covariance structure. The different ages and gender adjustment are of the following five: directly place age and gender information in piecewise mode to set multiple dummy variables in the Linear mixed model with parametric covariance structure, and using Cubic smoothing splines and Thin-plate smoothing splines; two kinds of Nonparametric regression models which set two different smoothing parameters. Upon adjusting the ages and genders using the nonparametric regression and residual estimated by the linear mixed model with parametric covariance structure, the research shows that RBC, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, and Neutrophil were shown to be negatively and significantly associated with the relocation time. On the other hand, WBC, MCV, MCHC, and Platelet were positively associated with the relocation time. However, there is no significant association between the relocation time and Lymphocyte. In other words, the influence of Taiwan’s radiation cumulated dose (TCD) only affects Neutrophil, as significantly association that the average of TCD in exposures above 5mSv is higher than TCD in exposures below 5mSv. Otherwise, there is no significant dose-response effect that exists between the other blood cells. Investigation in gender and the relocation time indicates that Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, MCHC, Neutrophil, and Platelet in women are more prone to move up or down the scale compared men. However, men’s RBC, WBC, and MCV lead the women’s in reaction to time while Lymphocyte appears to have no significant association whether in men or women. The effects on men’s Neutrophil and women’s RBC by TCD are obvious; the average rate of increasing Neutrophil in men is speedier than women’s, and women’s average RBC decreases. Combining with five adjustments of gender and age by nonparametric regression and parametric regression, it is shown that although the P-values vary, the parametric estimates and indications are consistent. These indicators of Hematology’s deliberate progression could be the result of natural healing of body but could also be the early symptoms of injuries or diseases which have long incubation periods. As to if these indicators will continue to evolve or stay as they are, it is a question that will require a much longer period of observation.

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>臨床動物醫學研究所<br>104<br>Thermal ablation is a local application that uses extreme temperature to induce cell injury. It is a new modality for cancer treatment and popped up with advanced technology since 1990s. Electromagnetic thermotherapy system that we used in this study is designed by National Cheng Kung University. This newly developed system pertain advantages of not only shortened surgical time and less bleeding during operation by rapid high temperature but also no limitation on the total numbers of inserted needles. In this clinical trial between 2014 and 2016, total 21 patients were recruited and treated with tumor types including 8 oral tumors, 7 superficial soft tissue sarcomas, 3 hepatic tumors and 3 feline injection-site sarcomas. At the end of our trial, 8 (38%) patients were still in complete remission and 2 (10%) were in partial remission. Of the 21 patients, median overall survival time was 279 days and median progression free interval was 225 days. The median tumor specific survival time for the 18 patients was 296 days. In conclusions, patients with extremity STS had a better treatment efficacy and Progression free interval in the present study. Tumor-related adverse effects were mainly seen in superficial tumors with deep subcutaneous and soft tissue damage. During the follow up recheck time, no hematological changes were observed. A well-design study for specific tumor type or well-defined clinical staging underwent EMT treatment and synergic with T cell population analysis. may be required in order to apply in clinical setup.

碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>環境醫學研究所<br>104<br>Objectives: To evaluate possible changes in the hematological profiles and serum-thyroid hormones of workers with long-term exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation, and determine whether there is a dose-response effect according to exposure duration. Methods: In study 1, we collected health examination reports from employees who worked near radiation source for more than 10 years in Chiayi Christian Hospital during 2005 to 2014 as case group. In addition, we also selected workers but who were not working on radiation-related jobs in the same hospital as control group. We excluded those with a history of cancer, autoimmune disease, anemia, liver cirrhosis or renal disease. White blood cell count, red blood cell count, platelet count and hemoglobin were selected from reports of health examination in both group, and we used repeated measure ANOVA to compare the difference of hematological changes between case and control group. In study 2, we collected reports of health examination from employees who worked on radiation-related jobs at Chia-Yi Cristian Hospital for more than 2 years during 2002 to 2013. Similarly, we collected health examination reports from workers in Lan-Yu nuclear waste deposal for more than 2 years during 2007 to 2011 in study 3. We excluded those with a history of cancer, autoimmune disease, and systemic diseases, such as liver cirrhosis or end-stage renal disease in study 2 and study 3. Then we analyzed thyroid hormones in the health-examination reports to determine whether the changes in serum-thyroid hormones were related to exposure duration, and the generalized estimating equation for repeated measures with thyroid hormones was used to examine the association between working years and ionizing radiation exposure both in study 2 and study 3. Results: In study 1, there were no significant differences in the changes of white blood cell count(WBC), red blood cell count(RBC), platelet and hemoglobin(Hb) between case group (n=69) and control group (n=74). In study 2, 326 hospital workers with low-dose radiation exposure were included, and significant declines of Triiodothyronine(T3) (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.96–0.97) and Thyroxine(T4) (odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.87–0.91) after occupational exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation were found. Additionally, a significant linear dose-response relationship was observed between exposure duration and the decline in the serum concentrations of T3 and T4. However, there is no significant dose-response relationship between exposure duration and the decline in the serum concentrations of TSH except technician group (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.92–1.0). Moreover, there is significant decline in serum concentration of T4 in workers in Lan-Yu nuclear waste deposal, but there are no significant findings in changes of T3 and TSH in the study 3. Conclusion: Long-term working n radiation-related job might induce decline of thyroid hormones. Despite the healthcare workers having an extremely low radiation-exposure dose, there was still a dose-response relationship between occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and the decline in the serum concentrations of T3 and T4. This indicates that the serum concentration of thyroid hormones was more sensitive than hematological profiles, and it could be used as early-detection biomarkers for radiation exposure before thyroid disease arises. Accordingly, these results suggest we should reconsider the health impacts of occupational exposure to radiation and provide more protection in the workplace.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1998.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-198).

A atividade antropogénica está a libertar dióxido de carbono para a atmosfera, que se traduz em alterações físicas e químicas dos nossos oceanos outrora pristinos. Os níveis de dióxido de carbono estão a aumentar a uma velocidade sem precedentes o que resulta no aumento de temperatura (incluindo um aumento de ondas de calor marinhas) e acidificação dos oceanos. Simultaneamente as populações de tubarões estão a diminuir e, como elementos essenciais dos ecossistemas marinhos, é imperativo determinar a sua vulnerabilidade aos potenciais riscos que um oceano em mudança acarreta. Assim, o objetivo da presente dissertação foi investigar os impactos que uma onda de calor marinha e a acidificação dos oceanos poderão ter na ecofisiologia de tubarões temperados (Scyliorhinus canicula) e tropicais (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) juvenis bentónicos, incluindo respostas de stress oxidativo, parâmetros hematológicos, crescimento e performance natatória. Os resultados sugerem que a espécie temperada estudada é mais sensível ao aquecimento que à acidificação, uma vez que a exposição a uma onda de calor marinha alterou a contagem de células sanguíneas e aumentou a taxa de ventilação enquanto a acidificação não surtiu efeitos significativos. Além disso, a acidificação só afetou a espécie tropical estudada, uma vez que uma curta exposição foi suficiente para reduzir a taxa de crescimento, o tempo de natação e a atividade da acetilcolinesterase no cérebro. Os impactos observados parecem indicar alguma resiliência às alterações climáticas. Contudo, até estes efeitos subletais podem reduzir o estado físico e a sustentabilidade destes tubarões a longo curso, com potenciais efeitos cascata ao longo do ecossistema.<br>Anthropogenic activities release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is leading to physical and chemical changes on our once-pristine oceans. The atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide are rising at unprecedented rates, resulting in ocean warming (including marine heatwaves) and acidification. Alongside, shark populations are dangerously declining and, as key elements of marine ecosystems, it is of extreme relevance to determine their vulnerability to the potential risks to climate change. Hence, the purpose of the present dissertation was to investigate the impacts that marine heatwaves and ocean acidification may have on the ecophysiology of juvenile temperate (Scyliorhinus canicula) and tropical (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) benthic sharks, including oxidative stress response, hematological parameters, growth and swimming performance. The findings suggest that the temperate species is more sensitive to warming than to acidification, as exposure to a marine heatwave altered normal blood cells counts and increased ventilation rates, while ocean acidification did not elicit significant alterations. Moreover, ocean acidification only affected the tropical species, as a short-term exposure was enough to reduce growth rates and time spent swimming and even to reduce acetylcholinesterase’s activity in the brain. The observed effects may indicate an overall resilience of sharks towards these physical and chemical changes in the ocean. Nonetheless, these sublethal effects may reduce sharks’ fitness and sustainability at long-term, with potential cascading effects at ecosystem level.