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Academic literature on the topic 'Hématopoïèse – génétique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hématopoïèse – génétique"
Guyot, Boris. "Contrôle de l'expression de l'adaptateur moléculaire MONA (Monocytic adaptor) dans le système hématopoïétique humain." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10079.
Full textUbeda, Jean-Michel. "Les cellules sanguines de drosophile : Etude transcriptionnelle et analyse génétique de leur réponse à une infection parasitaire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/UBEDA_Jean-Michel_2005.pdf.
Full textDrosophila have three blood cells (or hemocytes) types: plasmatocytes are professional phagocytes, crystal cells are involved in melanization reactions that accompanies immune defenses, and lamellocytes ensure parasites encapsulation. In a first project, we studied the transcriptional profiling of activities of distinct hemocyte populations and from naïve or infected larvae, using Affymetryx microarray. One outcome was the gain of new insights into the lamellocyte encapsulation process. A second compelling observation is that, after an immune challenge, Drosophila hemocytes produce a signal molecule that is essential to induce the immune reactions. The establishment of the transcriptional profiling of Drosophila hemocytes represents a useful tool for future studies on hemocyte functions. In my main research project, I investigated the role of Collier (Col) in the Drosophila larval hematopoiesis. Col is the unique Drosophila orthologue of the mammalian transactivator EBF, an important factor for B cell differentiation. We showed the critical requirement for Col activity in lamellocytes’ specification. Col is first expressed during embryogenesis, in the progenitors of the hematopoïetic organ. During larval stages, col is expressed in this organ in a signalling centre for hemaotopoiesis. We suggest that Col give the capacity to relay an instructive signal emitted by plasmatocytes upon their encounter with a parasite. In our model, these cells synthesise a signal S2 that orients precursors towards the lamellocyte fate. We then identified the gene CG14225, which encodes a transmembrane protein homologous of the mammalian gp130 receptor. Our first analysis revealed that CG14225 is a good candidate to encode the receptor for S2. I have developed two different strategies to generate a loss-of-function mutation for CG14225. The null mutant will enable us to conclude about this gene‘s implication in the Drosophila hematopoietic processes
Matherat, Gabriel. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle du facteur CXXC5 (RINF) au cours de l’hématopoïèse normale et pathologique CXXC5 (RINF) loss-of-expression accelerates human erythroid differentiation in a TGF-β and SMAD7-dependent manner." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2395&f=17333.
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Pronier, Elodie. "Etude de la fonction de TET2 dans l'hématopoïese normale et pathologique." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077035.
Full textMyeloid malignancies are clonal disease of the hematopoietic stem cell develop following a skewed of the differentiation toward myeloid lineages associated with increased proliferation. Recently, many studies have demonstrated the involvement epigenetic factors in malignant transformation. Indeed, DNA sequencing of patients with diverse malignancies identified mutations in TET2 (TET methylcytosïne dioxygenase 2) gene. This gene encodes an enzyme that couverts 5-methylcytosines to 5-hydroxyméthylcytosines (5hmC). The biological impact of this new modification of DNA bases and the TET protein function during hematopoiesis is poorly understood. The objectives of my thesis were to determine the function(s) of TET2 in human hematopoiesis and involvement in malignant transformation. My results confirmed in the cells from MPN patients that TET2 mutation induces a decrease in the overall rate of 5hmC. Then we hâve shown that TET2 haploinsufficiency after infection of CD34+ using a specific shRNA induces differentiation skewed toward myeloid lineage. This haploinsufficiency also affects the terminal stages of myeloid three lineages. We also demonstrated that TET2 inhibition induces expression of several inflammatory cytokines such as MIF (Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor}. TET2 binds to it promoter regions and influence their transcription through the recruitment of EGR1 and active polymerase II. Finally, haploinsufficiency of TET2 induces a selective advantage of CD34+ cells for reconstitution of the hematopoietic System of highly immunodeficient mice. TET2 is involved in several steps of tumor transformation but these functions factor transcription remain poorly understood
Hilpert, Morgane. "Thrombopénies familiales : rôle de PRKACG et p19ink4d." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077061.
Full text. The first part of my thesis focuses on the identification of genetic event causing a new macrothrombopénie recessive autosomal associated with a bleeding tendency, defective cytoskeletal reorganization. And a defect in proplatelets formation and platelet functions. After exome sequencing, a homozygous mutation in PRKACG gene was identified. It leads to a defect of PKA without causing its degradation. An almost complete absence of the filamin A, one of the PKA substrates, was observed in patient megakaryocytes (MKs). Overexpression in patient progenitors of WT PRKACG allows the restoration of proplatelet formation confirming its involvement in the disease. Ii. The second part fats within a functional study of RUNX1 target gens deregulated in FPD/AML thrombocytopenia and in this context, the role of pl 9liik44 in hematopoiesis. We observed that alter stress induction, the exit of quiescent state of HSC, the ROS level and DNA double strand breaks are increased in a KO background. This phenomenon leading to cell death by apoptosis is linked to an intrinsic role of p19. Extrinsic role of p19 through regulation of the microenvironment has also been shown. In addition to its role in the arrest of MK endomitoses, p19 negatively controls the proliferation of MK progenitors. In the absence of p19, the MK amplification increases with age and leads to splenomegaly and development of fibrosis following the increase of TGFI31. This last one could explain a decrease in HSC pool in the absence of p19 at basal state and during aging
Pennetier, Delphine. "Caractérisation moléculaire et fonctionnelle de la niche hématopoïétique de Drosophila melanogaster." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1503/.
Full textThe fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster owns an immune system which consists in two different responses: the response and the cellular response. The cellular response required specialized cell types called hemocytes or "blood" cells. Hemocytes are specified during hematopoiesis which takes place in two waves during Drosophila development. The first wave occurs in the embryo while the second takes place at larval stages in a specific organ called the lymph gland. Molecular mechanisms controlling embryonic hematopoiesis are well known whereas those involved at larval stages are not known. During my PhD, I studied molecular mechanisms occurring during larval hematopoiesis. (1) I participated to the study of the role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway during larval hematopoiesis. We characterized a new gene, called latran, which acts as a negative regulator of the pathway. Latran is required after an immune challenge to inactivate the JAK/STAT pathway, reaviling a new way to regulate this pathway (Makki and al. , 2010). (2) Secondly, I performed a transcriptome analysisusing RNAs isolated from dissected lymph glands in genetics and physiologic contexts. I identified and characterized new genes involved in larval hematopoiesis (manuscript in preparation). (3) Comparison of the different transcriptomes suggested a role of the Dpp/BMP signaling pathway in larval hematopoiesis. The "niche" is a microenvironment which controls the differentiation and the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells. Recently, our group identified a hematopoietic niche in Drosophila lymph gland called the Posterior Signaling Center (PSC). My data indicate that the Dpp pathway plays a key role in the control of PSC size via the regulation of the protooncogene dmyc expression. The localized activation of the Dpp pathway in the PSC is under the control of the transcription factor Collier (manuscript submitted). In 2003, it was shown in mouse that BMP pathway controls the proliferation of osteoblasts, one major component of the hematopoietic niche. My results highlight the very interesting possibility of the conservation, between Drosophila and mammals, of molecular cascades that control cell proliferation in the hematopoietic domain. A very challenging issue relates to the control of osteoblast proliferation in the osteoblastic niche and the potential implication of myc and links between BMP, Ebf2 (ortholog of Collier and Wnt signalling pathways in this process
Kirstetter, Peggy. "Etude du rôle du facteur de transcription Ikaros au cours du développement et de la fonction des lymphocytes B." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13009.
Full textRevol, Valérie. "Obtention et caractérisation d'une lignée de progéniteurs hématopoïétiques à partir de souris transgéniques pour le récepteur au CSF-1 humain." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10273.
Full textBourette, Roland. "Expression fonctionnelle du récepteur du CSF-1 humain dans les cellules hématopoïétiques murines." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10286.
Full textLaire, Valérie. "Expression de la protéine tal-1 dans les leucémies aigue͏̈s myéloides." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P203.
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