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Journal articles on the topic 'Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 March 2023

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1

Yang, Jue, Hui Song, Kun Cao, Jialei Song, and Jianjiang Zhou. "Comprehensive analysis of Helicobacter pylori infection-associated diseases based on miRNA-mRNA interaction network." Briefings in Bioinformatics 20, no. 4 (March 20, 2018): 1492–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bby018.

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AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori and its interaction with host will contribute to developing novel prophylactical and therapeutical strategies. Here, we first determined microRNA (miRNA) levels in H. pylori-infected patients with gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma using miRNA data sets. Thirty-four differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and functional enrichment analysis of those miRNA target genes revealed that H. pylori infection were strongly associated with pathway in cancer and regulation of mRNA synthesis. Using disease connectivity analysis of 28 hub genes, we found that H. pylori may increase the risk of many extragastric diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease, hemic and lymphatic diseases and nervous system disease). Altogether, our integrated analysis provided a new method to predict pathogen–human disease connectivity based on miRNA-mRNA interaction network and indicated anti-H. pylori therapy as an effective means of human diseases prevention.

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2

Bergan, John. "Venous and Lymphatic Diseases." Annals of Vascular Surgery 20, no. 6 (November 2006): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10016-006-9116-x.

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3

Raman, Siva P., Sudhakar N. J. Pipavath, Ganesh Raghu, Rodney A. Schmidt, and J. David Godwin. "Imaging of Thoracic Lymphatic Diseases." American Journal of Roentgenology 193, no. 6 (December 2009): 1504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.09.2532.

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4

Rada, F., Patricia Cristodor, and I. Rada. "Lymphatic overload and venous diseases." International Journal of Angiology 3, no. 01 (April 22, 2011): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02014918.

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5

Liu, Xiaolei, and Guillermo Oliver. "New insights about the lymphatic vasculature in cardiovascular diseases." F1000Research 8 (October 29, 2019): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.20107.1.

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The heart contains a complex network of blood and lymphatic vessels. The coronary blood vessels provide the cardiac tissue with oxygen and nutrients and have been the major focus of research for the past few decades. Cardiac lymphatic vessels, which consist of lymphatic capillaries and collecting lymphatic vessels covering all layers of the heart, transport excess fluid from the interstitium and play important roles in maintaining tissue fluid balance. Unlike for the coronary blood vessels, until a few years ago, not much information was available on the origin and function of the cardiac-associated lymphatic vasculature. A growing body of evidence indicates that cardiac lymphatic vessels (lymphatics) may serve as a therapeutic cardiovascular target.

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6

Yamamoto, Takumi. "Various Lymphatic Reconstructive Surgeries Based on Pathophysiology of Lymphatic Vessel-related Diseases." Journal of Japanese College of Angiology 60, no. 5 (May 10, 2020): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7133/jca.19-00033.

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7

Dean, Malcolm. "Egypt conquers lymphatic filariasis." Lancet Infectious Diseases 4, no. 5 (May 2004): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01023-0.

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8

Xu, Wenjing, Natalie R. Harris, and Kathleen M. Caron. "Lymphatic Vasculature: An Emerging Therapeutic Target and Drug Delivery Route." Annual Review of Medicine 72, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-051419-114417.

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The lymphatic system has received increasing scientific and clinical attention because a wide variety of diseases are linked to lymphatic pathologies and because the lymphatic system serves as an ideal conduit for drug delivery. Lymphatic vessels exert heterogeneous roles in different organs and vascular beds, and consequently, their dysfunction leads to distinct organ-specific outcomes. Although studies in animal model systems have led to the identification of crucial lymphatic genes with potential therapeutic benefit, effective lymphatic-targeted therapeutics are currently lacking for human lymphatic pathological conditions. Here, we focus on the therapeutic roles of lymphatic vessels in diseases and summarize the promising therapeutic targets for modulating lymphangiogenesis or lymphatic function in preclinical or clinical settings. We also discuss considerations for drug delivery or targeting of lymphatic vessels for treatment of lymphatic-related diseases. The lymphatic vasculature is rapidly emerging as a critical system for targeted modulation of its function and as a vehicle for innovative drug delivery.

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9

Keiser, Paul B., and Thomas B. Nutman. "Update on lymphatic filarial infections." Current Infectious Disease Reports 4, no. 1 (January 2002): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11908-002-0069-0.

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10

Sapozhnikova, O. V., and E. E. Eliseeva. "Lymphatic self-massage for enhancing immunity during a pandemic." Academy of medicine and sports 2, no. 3 (December 18, 2021): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/2712-7567-2021-33.

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The article is devoted to the problem of improving immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic and the related effect of lymphatic self-massage.The article analyzes the general concepts of the lymphatic system and its functions, as well as lymphatic self-massage and its effect on cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.It is noted that the lymph flow stimulation through movements activates and normalizes the most important body functions. Using Skype, the authors surveyed medical students about knowledge on benefits and techniques of lymphatic selfmassage.Further, a master class was held on the technique of lymphatic self-massage. The authors studied the awareness of students about the benefits of lymphatic selfmassage, revealed a tendency to chronic diseases and assessed the benefits after the procedure.Based on the data obtained, it was revealed that viral infections, namely COVID-19, provoke one of the most common diseases — autoimmune thyroiditis. So, 64% of the respondents noted about it.Using lymphatic self-massage, the manifestations of this pathology decreases, the facial muscles relax and the blood and lymph outflow improves.Thus, there is an undoubted benefit of lymphatic self-massage for the prevention of diseases with immune involvement, including COVID-19.

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11

Jafree, Daniyal J., and David A. Long. "Beyond a Passive Conduit: Implications of Lymphatic Biology for Kidney Diseases." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 31, no. 6 (April 15, 2020): 1178–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2019121320.

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The kidney contains a network of lymphatic vessels that clear fluid, small molecules, and cells from the renal interstitium. Through modulating immune responses and via crosstalk with surrounding renal cells, lymphatic vessels have been implicated in the progression and maintenance of kidney disease. In this Review, we provide an overview of the development, structure, and function of lymphatic vessels in the healthy adult kidney. We then highlight the contributions of lymphatic vessels to multiple forms of renal pathology, emphasizing CKD, transplant rejection, and polycystic kidney disease and discuss strategies to target renal lymphatics using genetic and pharmacologic approaches. Overall, we argue the case for lymphatics playing a fundamental role in renal physiology and pathology and treatments modulating these vessels having therapeutic potential across the spectrum of kidney disease.

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12

Nakao, Shintaro, Ali Hafezi-Moghadam, and Tatsuro Ishibashi. "Lymphatics and Lymphangiogenesis in the Eye." Journal of Ophthalmology 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/783163.

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Lymphatic is a prerequisite for the maintenance of tissue fluid balance and immunity in the body. A body of evidence also shows that lymphangiogenesis plays important roles in the pathogenesis of diseases such as tumor metastasis and inflammation. The eye was thought to lack lymphatic vessels except for the conjunctiva; however, advances in the field, including the identification of lymphatic endothelial markers (e.g., LYVE-1 or podoplanin) and lymphangiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF-C), have revealed the exsitence and possible roles of lymphatics and lymphangiogenesis in the eye. Recent studies have shown that corneal limbus, ciliary body, lacrimal gland, orbital meninges, and extraocular muscles contain lymphatic vessels and that the choroid might have a lymphatic-like system. There is no known lymphatic outflow from the eye. However, several lymphatic channels including uveolymphatic pathway might serve the ocular fluid homeostasis. Furthermore, lymphangiogenesis plays important roles in pathological conditions in the eye including corneal transplant rejection and ocular tumor progression. Yet, the role of lymphangiogenesis in most eye diseases, especially inflammatory disease or edema, remains unknown. A better understanding of lymphatic and lymphangiogenesis in the eye will open new therapeutic opportunities to prevent vision loss in ocular diseases.

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13

Bradley, J. E. "Lymphatic filariasis." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 94, no. 3 (May 2000): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(00)90351-1.

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14

Thami, G. P. "Lymphatic filariasis--lest we forget." Sexually Transmitted Infections 76, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.76.4.321.

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15

Kazura, James W. "Ivermectin and human lymphatic filariasis." Microbial Pathogenesis 14, no. 5 (May 1993): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpat.1993.1033.

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16

Fontaine, Coralie, Florent Morfoisse, Florence Tatin, Audrey Zamora, Rana Zahreddine, Daniel Henrion, Jean-François Arnal, Françoise Lenfant, and Barbara Garmy-Susini. "The Impact of Estrogen Receptor in Arterial and Lymphatic Vascular Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 3244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093244.

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The lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases in pre-menopausal women compared to men is well-known documented. This protection has been largely attributed to the protective effect of estrogens, which exert many beneficial effects against arterial diseases, including vasodilatation, acceleration of healing in response to arterial injury, arterial collateral growth and atheroprotection. More recently, with the visualization of the lymphatic vessels, the impact of estrogens on lymphedema and lymphatic diseases started to be elucidated. These estrogenic effects are mediated not only by the classic nuclear/genomic actions via the specific estrogen receptor (ER) α and β, but also by rapid extra-nuclear membrane-initiated steroid signaling (MISS). The ERs are expressed by endothelial, lymphatic and smooth muscle cells in the different vessels. In this review, we will summarize the complex vascular effects of estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) that have been described using different transgenic mouse models with selective loss of ERα function and numerous animal models of vascular and lymphatic diseases.

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17

Sabesan, S., R. Ravi, and PK Das. "Elimination of lymphatic filariasis in India." Lancet Infectious Diseases 5, no. 1 (January 2005): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01232-0.

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18

Minsker, O. B., and L. B. Golov. "Actinomycosis of Lymphatic Nodes." Mycoses 21, no. 7 (April 24, 2009): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1978.tb01643.x.

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19

Markoe, Arnold M. "Diseases of the Lymphatic System. Diagnosis and Therapy." American Journal of Clinical Oncology 8, no. 3 (June 1985): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000421-198506000-00020.

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20

Catovsky, Daniel. "Diseases of the lymphatic system, diagnosis and therapy." Leukemia Research 9, no. 5 (January 1985): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0145-2126(85)90147-x.

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21

Renzoni, E. A., E. Weber, F. Sozio, A. Rossi, and A. U. Wells. "S114 Lymphatic vessel distribution in fibrotic lung diseases." Thorax 66, Suppl 4 (December 1, 2011): A52—A53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201054b.114.

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22

Willich, Eberhard. "Radiologic Diagnosis of Diseases of the Lymphatic System." Radiology 156, no. 1 (July 1985): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.156.1.36.

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23

Ichimori, Kazuyo. "MDA—Lymphatic Filariasis." Tropical Medicine and Health 42, no. 2SUPPLEMENT (2014): S21—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2149/tmh.2014-s03.

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24

Itkin, Maxim, Deborah Rabinowitz, and Saebeom Hur. "Liver Lymphatic Imaging and Interventions: Resurrection of the Forgotten Knowledge." Seminars in Interventional Radiology 37, no. 03 (July 31, 2020): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713638.

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AbstractLymphatic imaging and interventions are gaining wider acceptance as the treatment of various lymphatic diseases. Meanwhile, the liver lymphatic system remains relatively unknown despite its physiological importance. Liver lymph has been at the center of the lymphatic research since the 19th century; however, the acquired knowledge has not been used in clinical research and treatment due to the lack of robust imaging methods. Recently introduced liver lymphangiography and interstitial embolization allow for the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases associated with the lymphatic system of the congested liver, providing additional treatment options for conditions that were considered incurable until now.

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25

Bockarie, Moses J. "Molecular Xenomonitoring of Lymphatic Filariasis." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 591–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.591.

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26

Yankova, G. S., and O. B. Bogomyakova. "Brain lymphatic drainage system – visualization opportunities and current state of the art." Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases 9, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2020-9-3-81-89.

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The lymphatic drainage system of the brain is assumed to consist of the lymphatic system and a network of meningeal lymphatic vessels. This system supports brain homeostasis, participates in immune surveillance and presents a new therapeutic target in the treatment of neurological disorders.The article analyzes and systematizes data on the brain lymphatic drainage system. The key components of this system are considered: recently described meningeal lymphatic vessels and their relationship with the glymphatic system, which provides perfusion of the central nervous system with cerebrospinal and interstitial fluids. The lymphatic drainage system helps to maintain water and ion balances of the interstitial fluid and to remove metabolic waste products, assists in reabsorption of macromolecules. Disorders in its work play a crucial role in age-related changes in the brain, the pathogenesis of neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as injuries and brain tumors. The review also presents the results of human studies concerning the presence, anatomy and structure of meningeal lymphatic vessels and the glymphatic system. The discovery of the brain lymphatic drainage system has not only changed our understanding of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, but also contributed to understanding the pathology and mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.

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27

Liersch, Ruediger, and Michael Detmar. "Lymphangiogenesis in development and disease." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 98, no. 08 (2007): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-04-0238.

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SummaryThe lymphatic vascular system plays an important role in the maintenance of fluid homeostasis, in the afferent immune response, in the intestinal lipid uptake and in the metastatic spread of malignant cells. The recent discovery of specific markers and growth factors for lymphatic endothelium and the establishment of genetic mouse models with impairment of lymphatic function have provided novel insights into the molecular control of the lymphatic system in physiology and in embryonic development. They have also identified molecular pathways whose mutational inactivation leads to human diseases associated with lymphedema. Moreover, the lymphatic system plays a major role in chronic inflammatory diseases and in transplant rejection. Importantly, malignant tumors can directly promote lymphangiogenesis within the primary tumor and in draining lymph nodes, leading to enhanced cancer metastasis to lymph nodes and beyond. Based upon these findings, novel therapeutic strategies are currently being developed that aim at inhibiting or promoting the formation and function of lymphatic vessels in disease.

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28

Dhawan, AmitKumar, Kavita Bisherwal, Chander Grover, and Sonal Sharma. "An asymptomatic inguinal swelling: Lymphatic filariasis." Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 82, no. 4 (2016): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.174367.

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29

Terranella, A., A. Eigiege, I. Gontor, P. Dagwa, S. Damishi, E. Miri, B. Blackburn, et al. "Urban lymphatic filariasis in central Nigeria." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 100, no. 2 (March 2006): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136485906x86266.

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30

Ichimori, Kazuyo, and Andy Crump. "Pacific collaboration to eliminate lymphatic filariasis." Trends in Parasitology 21, no. 10 (October 2005): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2005.08.010.

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31

GORKIEWICZPETKOW, A. "Kaposi's sarcoma and chronic lymphatic leukemia." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 11 (September 1998): S306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-9959(98)95754-3.

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32

Sabesan, S., M. Palaniyandi, P. K. Das, and E. Michael. "Mapping of lymphatic filariasis in India." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 94, no. 6 (September 2000): 591–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.2000.11813582.

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33

Secker, Genevieve A., and Natasha L. Harvey. "Regulation of VEGFR Signalling in Lymphatic Vascular Development and Disease: An Update." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 7760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147760.

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The importance of lymphatic vessels in a myriad of human diseases is rapidly gaining recognition; lymphatic vessel dysfunction is a feature of disorders including congenital lymphatic anomalies, primary lymphoedema and obesity, while improved lymphatic vessel function increases the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer and neurological disease and promotes cardiac repair following myocardial infarction. Understanding how the growth and function of lymphatic vessels is precisely regulated therefore stands to inform the development of novel therapeutics applicable to a wide range of human diseases. Lymphatic vascular development is initiated during embryogenesis following establishment of the major blood vessels and the onset of blood flow. Lymphatic endothelial progenitor cells arise from a combination of venous and non-venous sources to generate the initial lymphatic vascular structures in the vertebrate embryo, which are then further ramified and remodelled to elaborate an extensive lymphatic vascular network. Signalling mediated via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinases is crucial for development of both the blood and lymphatic vascular networks, though distinct components are utilised to different degrees in each vascular compartment. Although much is known about the regulation of VEGFA/VEGFR2 signalling in the blood vasculature, less is understood regarding the mechanisms by which VEGFC/VEGFD/VEGFR3 signalling is regulated during lymphatic vascular development. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating VEGFA-, VEGFC- and VEGFD-mediated signalling via VEGFRs which are important for driving the construction of lymphatic vessels during development and disease.

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34

Xu, Yang, Lu Cheng, Lu Yuan, Qianya Yi, Liuyi Xiao, and Hui Chen. "Progress on Brain and Ocular Lymphatic System." BioMed Research International 2022 (November 15, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6413553.

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In recent years, 2 major discoveries have modified the traditional understanding of the brain. First, meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLV) were found in the dural sinus, which may absorb and drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Second, the glymphatic system was discovered, composed of para-arterial CSF influx channel, paravenous interstitial fluid (ISF) efflux channel, and the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in astrocytes connecting the 2 channels. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the lymphatic system of the brain plays a vital role within the circulation of CSF and, therefore, in the removal of metabolites. Therefore, it is involved in the incidence and development of some central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The optic nerve and retina are the extension of the CNS in the orbit. Whether they have a lymphatic system and how they clear the metabolites of the optic nerve and retina are still unclear. Recent studies have found that the ocular lymphatic system has a crucial impact on bounding eye diseases, like disorders of the optic nerve and retina. Therefore, here we review the recent research progress concerning the structure and function of MLV and glymphatic system. We also discuss the biomarkers for identification of lymphatic vessels, the composition of ocular lymphatic systems, and the possible association with diseases.

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35

Grady, Caroline A., Madsen Beau de Rochars, Abdel N. Direny, Jean Nicolas Orelus, Joyanna Wendt, Jeanne Radday, Els Mathieu, et al. "Endpoints for Lymphatic Filariasis Programs." Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, no. 4 (April 2007): 608–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1304.061063.

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36

Lee, Young Jae. "Cell Fate Determination of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 13 (July 6, 2020): 4790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21134790.

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The lymphatic vasculature, along with the blood vasculature, is a vascular system in our body that plays important functions in fluid homeostasis, dietary fat uptake, and immune responses. Defects in the lymphatic system are associated with various diseases such as lymphedema, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, obesity, and inflammation. The first step in lymphangiogenesis is determining the cell fate of lymphatic endothelial cells. Several genes involved in this commitment step have been identified using animal models, including genetically modified mice. This review provides an overview of these genes in the mammalian system and related human diseases.

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37

den Braanker, Hannah, Astrid van Stigt, Marc Kok, Erik Lubberts, and Radjesh Bisoendial. "Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Heterogeneity and Functional Diversity of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 11976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111976.

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Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) line the lymphatic vasculature and play a central role in the immune response. LECs have abilities to regulate immune transport, to promote immune cell survival, and to cross present antigens to dendritic cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA) technology has accelerated new discoveries in the field of lymphatic vascular biology. This review will summarize these new findings in regard to embryonic development, LEC heterogeneity with associated functional diversity, and interactions with other cells. Depending on the organ, location in the lymphatic vascular tree, and micro-environmental conditions, LECs feature unique properties and tasks. Furthermore, adjacent stromal cells need the support of LECs for fulfilling their tasks in the immune response, such as immune cell transport and antigen presentation. Although aberrant lymphatic vasculature has been observed in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, the knowledge on LEC heterogeneity and functional diversity in these diseases is limited. Combining scRNA sequencing data with imaging and more in-depth functional experiments will advance our knowledge of LECs in health and disease. Building the case, the LEC could be put forward as a new therapeutic target in chronic inflammatory diseases, counterweighting the current immune-cell focused therapies.

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Lobov, G. I. "The role of the lymphatic system in the homeostasis of the interstitial fluid in the lung and pleural liquid." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 18, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2019-18-1-104-112.

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Accomplishments in the identifcation of lymphatic endothelial cells and the ability to differentiate them from the endothelial cells of blood vessels have contributed to progress in recent decades in studying the role of the lymphatic system in the body. Preclinical and clinical studies of the last decade have shown that changes in the lymphatic vascular network are observed in almost all lung diseases. At the same time, it remains unclear whether the lymphatic vessels and lung nodes are being part of the overall process of lung remodeling or they make a defnite contribution to the pathogenesis of diseases of the respiratory system. This review presents current data on the morphology and physiology of lymphatic vessels and nodes, their role in the regulation of interstitial ﬂuid homeostasis, lipid transportation and immune responses as well as describes the mechanisms of regulation of the transport function of lymphatic vessels. Data on the role of the lymphatic system of the lungs in the exchange of ﬂuid in the interstitial space of the lungs are presented in the review. The results of studies of the last two decades on the formation and reabsorption of pleural ﬂuid and the role of various lymphatic networks in regulating its volume are described. Finally, modern ideas on the mechanisms of pulmonary edema are outlined and important questions of the lymphatic biology of the respiratory system are identifed, still remaining unanswered today.

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39

Deng, Hongyang, Jiaxing Zhang, Fahong Wu, Fengxian Wei, Wei Han, Xiaodong Xu, and Youcheng Zhang. "Current Status of Lymphangiogenesis: Molecular Mechanism, Immune Tolerance, and Application Prospect." Cancers 15, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15041169.

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The lymphatic system is a channel for fluid transport and cell migration, but it has always been controversial in promoting and suppressing cancer. VEGFC/VEGFR3 signaling has long been recognized as a major molecular driver of lymphangiogenesis. However, many studies have shown that the neural network of lymphatic signaling is complex. Lymphatic vessels have been found to play an essential role in the immune regulation of tumor metastasis and cardiac repair. This review describes the effects of lipid metabolism, extracellular vesicles, and flow shear forces on lymphangiogenesis. Moreover, the pro-tumor immune tolerance function of lymphatic vessels is discussed, and the tasks of meningeal lymphatic vessels and cardiac lymphatic vessels in diseases are further discussed. Finally, the value of conversion therapy targeting the lymphatic system is introduced from the perspective of immunotherapy and pro-lymphatic biomaterials for lymphangiogenesis.

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40

Shrivastava, Saurabh, Anshita Gupta, and Chanchal Deep Kaur. "The Epitome of Novel Techniques and Targeting Approaches in Drug Delivery for Treating Lymphatic Filariasis." Current Drug Targets 21, no. 12 (September 18, 2020): 1250–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450121666200630111250.

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Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a pervasive and life-threatening disease for human beings. Currently, 893 million people in 49 countries worldwide affected by lymphatic filariasis as per WHO statistics. The concealed aspects of lymphatic diseases such as delayed disease detection, inappropriate disease imaging, the geographical outbreak of infection, and lack of preventive chemotherapy have brought this epidemic to the edge of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Many medications and natural bioactive substances have seen to promote filaricidal activity against the target parasitic species. However, the majority of failures have occurred in pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic issues. Objective: The purpose of the study is to focus on the challenges and therapeutic issues in the treatment of filariasis. The review brings novel techniques and therapeutic approaches for combating lymphatic filariasis. It also offers significant developments and opportunities for such therapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Through this review, an attempt has made to critically evaluate the avenues of innovative pharmaceuticals and molecular targeting approaches to bring an integrated solution to combat lymphatic filariasis.

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41

Margaris, K. N., and R. A. Black. "Modelling the lymphatic system: challenges and opportunities." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 69 (January 11, 2012): 601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0751.

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The lymphatic system is a vital part of the circulatory and immune systems, and plays an important role in homeostasis by controlling extracellular fluid volume and in combating infection. Nevertheless, there is a notable disparity in terms of research effort expended in relation to the treatment of lymphatic diseases in contrast to the cardiovascular system. While similarities to the cardiovascular system exist, there are considerable differences in their anatomy and physiology. This review outlines some of the challenges and opportunities for those engaged in modelling biological systems. The study of the lymphatic system is still in its infancy, the vast majority of the models presented in the literature to date having been developed since 2003. The number of distinct models and their variants are few in number, and only one effort has been made thus far to study the entire lymphatic network; elements of the lymphatic system such as the nodes, which act as pumps and reservoirs, have not been addressed by mathematical models. Clearly, more work will be necessary in combination with experimental verification in order to progress and update the knowledge on the function of the lymphatic system. As our knowledge and understanding of its function increase, new and more effective treatments of lymphatic diseases are bound to emerge.

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42

Petrova, Tatiana V., and Gou Young Koh. "Biological functions of lymphatic vessels." Science 369, no. 6500 (July 9, 2020): eaax4063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax4063.

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The general functions of lymphatic vessels in fluid transport and immunosurveillance are well recognized. However, accumulating evidence indicates that lymphatic vessels play active and versatile roles in a tissue- and organ-specific manner during homeostasis and in multiple disease processes. This Review discusses recent advances to understand previously unidentified functions of adult mammalian lymphatic vessels, including immunosurveillance and immunomodulation upon pathogen invasion, transport of dietary fat, drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and aqueous humor, possible contributions toward neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, and response to anticancer therapies.

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43

Melrose, Wayne D., David D. Durrheim, and Graham W. Burgess. "Update on immunological tests for lymphatic filariasis." Trends in Parasitology 20, no. 6 (June 2004): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2004.04.002.

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Rebollo, Maria P., and Moses J. Bockarie. "Can Lymphatic Filariasis Be Eliminated by 2020?" Trends in Parasitology 33, no. 2 (February 2017): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2016.09.009.

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Horton, J. "The development of albendazole for lymphatic filariasis." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 103, sup1 (October 2009): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000349809x12502035776595.

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Davis, Emma L., Lisa J. Reimer, Lorenzo Pellis, and T. Deirdre Hollingsworth. "Evaluating the Evidence for Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination." Trends in Parasitology 35, no. 11 (November 2019): 860–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2019.08.003.

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Das, Pradeep K., Kapa D. Ramaiah, Daniel J. Augustin, and Ashok Kumar. "Towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in India." Trends in Parasitology 17, no. 10 (October 2001): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4922(01)02056-6.

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Sabesan, Shanmugavelu. "Strategic options for global lymphatic filariasis elimination." Trends in Parasitology 19, no. 5 (May 2003): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4922(03)00068-0.

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Mak, J. W., V. Navaratnam, and C. P. Ramachandran. "Experimental chemotherapy of lymphatic filariasis. A review." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 85, no. 1 (January 1991): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1991.11812539.

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Kumar, Srivastava Pradeep. "Lymphatic Filariasis in India: A Journey towards Elimination." Journal of Communicable Diseases 52, no. 03 (September 30, 2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202024.

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The journey towards elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (ELF) in India started with the deliberations in a meeting held at Delhi in 1996 recommending for pilot project of Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with DEC. Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF was launched in 2000 subsequent to World Health Assembly (WHA) resolution in 1997 making India as signatory. ELF campaign was launched on 5th June, 2004 with annual MDA in endemic districts. However, all the endemic districts could not initiate MDA due to logistics and preparedness issues, thus the journey initially experienced challenges of hurried start. Serious Adverse Events (SAE) and poor compliance were reported from many states which were tackled through advocacy and capacity building of health workers and community volunteers. MDA was managed with staggering of dates in different states and strong supervision helped in improving drug compliance. The improved reported drug coverage resulted in decline of microfilaria prevalence in many districts except some districts. India’s significant progress was recognised internationally as approximately 200 of 650 million population at risk of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) was made free of risk by 2017 by passing Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) though some districts could not clear TAS. Efforts to improve drug compliance were intensified and to achieve goal faster, MDA with three drug Ivermectin, DEC and Albendazole has been initiated in addition to ascertaining the current status of LF endemicity in non-MDA districts. Based on experience of long journey towards ELF with mix of success and challenges, it is suggested to intensify ELF in a mission mode with priority.

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