Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hémisynthèse'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 40 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Hémisynthèse.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Laroche, Marie-France. "Hémisynthèse de méroterpènes issus de Dichrostachys cinerea." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/129/.
Full textThe object of this work is the synthesis of a new structural achetype which was recently isolated from Dichrostachys cinerea by the CRSN. This kind of new compound was synthesized with a Diels-Alder reaction between a quinoflavon and a diterpen-dien. We have first studied the feasability of this sort of Diels-Alder reaction by using models. The reaction regioselectivity always remained the same. Nevertheless, the stereochemistry was neither predictable nor easy to determine. As these Diels-Alder reactions with models were conclusive, we synthesized the target molecule this way. Molecular modelisation has helped us to determine precisely the synthesized adduct stereochemistry. This reaction was effected in presence of a chiral catalyst and has given the same results with stereochemistry. We have also successfully applied this Diels-Alder reaction to other quinoflavon and diterpen-diens, with the same stereochemistry. In some cases, an enol-form (in the quinon part of the adduct) has appeared. Lastly, we have also effected hemisynthesis on two natural structures isolated from Dichrostachys cinerea by the CRSN
Arnaudinaud, Valérie. "Hémisynthèse et synthèse totale de flavonoi͏̈des marqués." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28764.
Full textHernandez, Linares Angelica. "Hémisynthèse d'analogues aminoglycosidiques dérivés de la Néomycine B." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112338.
Full textIn this work we present various routes leading to a number of compounds which derive from natural aminoglycoside antibiotics, namely : neamine, ribostamycine and neomycine B. The design of these compounds rests on the result of recently reported stuctural data regarding the interactions of this type of antibiotics with ribosome 16S RNA. Our objective was the conception of molecules exhibiting a discriminating capacity between human and bacterial ribosomal ARN. In the first two chapters, we have reviewed a number of recent data regarding the aminoglycoside antibiotics. The third chapter is dedicated to hemisyntheses of a number of ribostamycine analogues. In chapter 4, we have attempted to transpose the results of the previous chapter to neomycine B. By doing so, we encountered unexpected difficulties with the application of the Misunobu reaction to this substrate. We have observed a reaction leading to a double cyclisation within cycle IV of this molecule. However, we could develop an alternative route to obtain the desired neomycine B analogues. Finally, in chapter 5 we have evaluated the antibiotic activities of the new compounds against E. Coli. Interestingly, two of them showed promising results
Tanti, Rose-Marie. "Hémisynthèse des irones à partir de rhizomes d'iris." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30050.
Full textFromentin, Yann. "Extraction et hémisynthèse d'analogues de la guttiférone A." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P633.
Full textGuttiferone A, belonging to the PPAPs family (Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols), is extracted from a tropical tree called Symphonia globulifera. This raw material is abundant and can be easily obtained. In addition, it has many biological activities, giving it a very interesting pharmacological potential. Three approaches were used in this work. The first was the use of microorganisms to perform biotransformations. The use of yeast allow the synthesis of 3,16-oxy-guttiférone A, a xanthone derivative of guttiferone A. The second theme was the use of chemical tools for guttiferone A derivation. First, twenty ether and ester catechol analogs were synthesized, some of these compounds showed a better selectivity index of parasites. Selective synthesis of xanthone by phenolic oxidative coupling reaction was also studied. We obtained by this approach the 3.16-oxy-guttiferone A, 1,16-oxy-guttiferone A and 1,12-oxy-guttiferone A. These reactions have also provided some hydroxylated xanthone never described before in the literature. Finally, preliminary phytochemical work on seeds and leaves of Symphonia globulifera lead to the isolation of guttiférone A analogues such as guttiférone C and D, as well as other molecules such as bisflavonoides and xanthones
Mangatal, Lydie. "Dérivés antitumoraux du taxol : hémisynthèse et relations structure-activité." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112093.
Full textTaxol shows very potent antileukemic and antitumoral properties. This taxane type diterpene isolated in low yield from the trunk bark of the Yew (Taxus Baccata L. , family Taxaceae), is a "mitotic spindle poison" having a unique mecanism of action on tubulin. Hemisynthesis of taxol and structural derivatives was undergone by two different approaches from 10-deacetyl-baccatine III readily extracted from the leaves of the Yew. One of the method employed an oxyamination reaction which selectivity has been studied. Biological activities of synthetic taxol analogues and hemisynthesis intermediates were evaluated in vitro with the "tubulin test" and in vivo. These results were used to increase our knowledge concerning the structure-activity relationships in this group of compounds. One of the products tested exhibits a stronger in vitro and in vivo activity as compared to taxol
Pautrat, François Laurent Max. "Hémisynthèse d'analogues et approches à la synthèse totale de la pleuromutiline." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0014.
Full textSangmam, Essiben Charles Alain. "Synthèse et hémisynthèse de lécithines. Application à la vectorisation de l'acide rétinoi͏̈que." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20172.
Full textRios, tesch Nurby nahiely. "Hémisynthèse de dérivés de l’acide grandiflorénique et évaluation préliminaire de leur activité biologique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0904/document.
Full textThis thesis work describes the hemisynthesis of grandiflorenic acid (GA) derivatives. GA natural product was first converted into ent-kaur-9(11),16 dien-19-ol, which was next esterified under Steglich conditions with a series of diversely substituted benzoic acids. To the twelve new compounds thus obtained, was added the preparation of the 9(11),16-dien-19-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl-entkaurene. All these new GA derivatives were carefully purified, and then fully characterized (IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR) in the aim of their biological evaluation. The antibacterial activity was tested against several bacteria strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The fungicide properties were evaluated against Candida albicans and C. krusei. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was studied on BIO:NMRI mice using the xylol-induced ear-edema test. Unfortunately, no antibacterial nor antifungal activity was exhibited by the grandiflorenic acid derivatives, but their anti-inflammatory activity revealed promising against acute inflammation, with the 9(11),16-dien-18-[2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propyl]- ent-kaurene being the best compound
Beuchet, Pierre. "Hémisynthèse de stérols marins polyhydroxylés sulfatés ou aminés à partir de stéroïdes naturels." La Rochelle, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LAROS017.
Full textAsencio, Oporto Victor Marcelo. "Hémisynthèse et études des activités antioxydantes et dopaminergiques de quelques dérives des aporphines." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEM003.
Full textNoungoue, Tchamo Diderot. "Contribution à l'étude de Trema orientalis L. Blume (Ulmaceae) et hémisynthèse de xanthones prénylées." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE18003.
Full textChwalek, Martin. "Hémisynthèse de saponosides à hédéragénine. Etude de l'influence de la chai͏̈ne osidique sur l'activité hémolytique." Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000001.pdf.
Full textThis @PhD thesis presents the synthesis of nine disaccharides consisting of a-L-rhamnopyranose/a-L-arabinopyranose, ß-D-xylopyranose/a-L-arabinopyranose and ß-D-glucopyranose/a-L-arabinopyranose. The anomeric position of these disaccharides were then activated and these compounds were coupled to a hederagenin derivative, giving access, after total deprotection to a serie of 12 saponins. A second serie of hederagenin saponins (D-cellobiose, D-lactose, D-maltose, D-melibiose, D-gentiobiose or D-isomaltose osidic moiety) was also synthesized by the trichloroacetimidate glycosylation method. All of the resulting saponins were then tested for their hemolytic activity as either the free carboxylic acid or as the coresponding methyl ester in order to establish structure-activity relationships. The cytotoxic activity of the free carboxylic acid saponins derivative from a-hederin, was also measured in vitro on KB cells. Another part of this thesis deals with the synthesis of isomaltose derivatives. Isomaltose trichloroacetimidate was synthesized in five steps from D-amygdalin by acid catalyzed rearrangement of the interglycosidic bond
Cottet, Kévin. "Symphonia globulifera : études métabolomiques, extraction et hémisynthèse d’analogues de la guttiférone A à visée antiparasitaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB149/document.
Full textPerez, Marc. "Conception, hémisynthèse et évaluation biologique de composés à visée antitumorale à partir de produits naturels." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066760.
Full textThis manuscript reports the semisynthesis of anticancer compounds starting from securinine, an alkaloid found in the shrub Securinega suffruticosa. A set of compounds was obtained by cleavage and functionnalization of the scaffold of securinine. 1,6-addition reaction have been developed to afford further analogues. Palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions such as Heck, Sonogashira and Suzuki couplings have been used for the synthesis of new C14 or C15 substituted securinine derivatives. The anticancer properties of these derivatives were assayed against four cancer cell lines and were used to define the structure-activity relationship of securinine. Noteworthy, potent cytotoxic derivatives displaying an IC50 of 60 nM have been obtained
Rugeri, Baptiste. "Hémisynthèse stéréosélective d’acides aminés hétérosubstitués sur la chaîne latérale : application au radiofluoromarquage pour l’imagerie de peptides." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK060/document.
Full textStereoselective hemisynthesis of lateral chain heterosubstituted aminoacids.Applications on radiofluorolabeling for peptide imaging.This thesis work, which was carried out at the Institute of Molecular Chemistry of the University of Burgundy and in collaboration with the Institute of Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences of Aquitaine, focuses on the development of new methods for the synthesis of side chain heterosubstituted amino acids including phosphine containing or silyl groups, as well as on their applications. In a first part, the synthesis of side chain silylated amino acids is achieved without racemization using a key Wittig reaction between a phosphonium salt, derived from L-aspartic acid, and an aromatic aldehyde bearing the silyl group. These aminoacids have been used in peptide synthesis to give silylated di- and tripeptides by reaction with alanine and phenylalanine derivatives. It has been shown that the silylated aminoacids and peptides can be fluorinated by reaction with fluorides, and that in the case of di-t-butylsilyl derivatives, the fluorinated compounds obtained are found to be very stable at physiological pH. The study of the fluorination of di-t-butylsilyl peptides by K18F / K222 allowed to obtain radiolabelled derivatives with radiochemical yields and molar activities reaching 39% and 410 GBq.mol-1, respectively. In the second part, the synthesis of aminoacids and peptides heterosubstituted or functionalized on the side chain, was developed. The principle of this synthesis is based on a [3 + 2] cycloaddition between an aminoacid bearing an azido group with disubstituted alkyne. While the reaction catalyzed using a copper salt or a ruthenium complex does not lead to the desired products, the cycloaddition was developed under microwave irradiation using glycerol as a solvent. Under these conditions, 13 new amino acids carrying a triazole ring at the γ position, and bearing silyles, phosphines, amines, amides.. substituents were prepared without racemization and with yields up to 89%. The methodologies developed in this thesis offer new efficient ways for the synthesis of silyl or phosphorus amino acid derivatives, useful for coordination chemistry, asymmetric catalysis and radiolabeling by the fluoride ion18F-.Key words: Phosphoniums, aminoacids, silanes, [18F]-radiofluorination, triazoles
Zaki, Mohamed. "Réactivité et hémisynthèse des constituants majoritaires, de type eudesmanes, contenus dans des extraits de Dittrichia Viscosa." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2014/document.
Full textIn recent years, the sesquiterpenoids eudesmane type and their biological activities are subject to numerous phytochemical and pharmacological studies and research of synthetic and semisynthetic routes. For our part, we are interested in the synthesis of similar types of eudesmanes by functionalization of the major constituents of Dittrichia Viscosa. In the first part we gave a bibliographical recall on the botanical aspect of Dittrichia Viscosa and a phytochemical description shows that this plant contains various constituents: terpénödes, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and polyketides with various pharmacological properties. In the second part, and after giving a bibliographical recall of the different types of eudesmane and extraction and purification of major products of Dittrichia Viscosa (α-costique acid, ilicique acid and tomentosin), we realized the study of epoxy eudesmanes rearrangements by acid catalysis and the synthesis of α-costal aldehyde and its analogues. We also focus on the reaction conditions for functionalization of C11-C13 dual link Heck coupling allowing access to libraries eudesmanes aryl in position 13. In the last part, we are interested to the study of the reactivity of the tomentosin with nucleophilic additions (type Michael Addition) and 1,3-dipolar additions (nitrones and nitrile oxides) on the double link exo-cyclic combined
Sylla, Tahiri. "Substances (poly)phénoliques bioactives : synthèse totale de gallotannins depsidiques et hémisynthèse de la norbergénine C-arylglucosidique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14197/document.
Full textPolyphenols and phenols are organic molecules widely found in the plant kingdom and very often evaluated for their pharmacological potential. This thesis work describes the total synthesis of gallotannins, an important class of polyphenols, and the hemisynthesis of norbergenin, a natural C-arylglucoside. The gallotannins belong to the hydrolysable tannins whose biosynthesis leads to chemical structures characterized by the presence, on a glucopyranose core, of several galloyl units linked ones to the others by meta-depside bonds. No chemical synthesis of these compounds have been reported to date, so we completed the total synthesis of several naturally occurring meta-depsidic gallotannins and their non natural anomers that contain di- or tri-galloyl motifs. This work also allowed the study of the meta-para equilibrium of these motifs in solution. For the norbergenin hemisynthesis, it was successfully achieved in a one step reaction from bergenin, a commercial C-arylglucoside, by a SIBX-mediated oxidative O-demethylation (SIBX = commercially available stabilized version of the λ5 _iodane IBX). This chemoselective reaction was also applied to 2-methoxyphenols and notably allowed the hemisynthesis of hydroxytyrosol from homovanillyl alcohol
Rouleau, Julien. "Synthèse et relations structure-activité de nouveaux inhibiteurs sélectifs de l'acétylcholinestérase, de type triterpène tétracyclique." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112298.
Full textThese investigations aim at the discovering of powerful and selective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors able to prevent or cure memory problems and aggregation of β-amyloid protein linked to aging or Alzheimer disease. During a systematic screening of the chemical library of the “Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles”, a potent inhibitor of AChE was discovered. Many analogues have been obtained by hemisynthesis from a steroidal alkaloid, N isobutyrylcycloxobuxidine-F, extracted from Buxus balearica. First, research have been focused on the synthesis of new pharmacophores, at the dihydro-4H-[1,3]oxazine cycle and at the tertiary amine by demethylation followed by acylation or alkylation. Synthesis have required many adaptations due to the particular reactivity of the steroidal alcaloids and of the neopentylic alcohol. Anticholinesterasic activities have been evaluated on human and Electrophorus electricus AChES and on the human butyrylcholinesterase. The most powerful inhibitors have demonstrated their ability to decrease the aggregation of β-amyloid protein induced by AChE. The structure-activity relationship studies have showed the importance of the presence of the dihydro-4H-[1,3]thiazine cycle, of the isopropyl group, of the cyclopropane and of a benzyl group positioned on the nitrogen atom NB
Duval, Romain. "Hémisynthèse et évaluation biologique d'analogues de la squamocine, une acétogénine d'annonaceae : contribution à l'étude du mécanisme d'action." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA114818.
Full textBlanchet, Elodie. "Métabolites fongiques d'une nouvelle espèce de Penicillium marin : déréplication, isolement, caractérisation, hémisynthèse et évaluation pharmacologique sur ostéosarcomes." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=a39f1900-994c-4420-9242-9d2643b00e30.
Full textIn a previous study, bioguided fractionation of an extract of a marine-derived strain belonging to the new species Penicillium ligerum, led to the isolation of ligerin. This chlorinated merosesquiterpene analog of fumagillin exhibited a specific antiproliferative activity against osteosarcoma cell lines and in vivo antitumor activity in a murine osteosarcoma model. In this context, the work first falls within a semisynthetic approach of ligerin analogs in order to develop the best anti-osteosarcoma candidate. Although none exhibits a higher activity than ligérine, the results allow a better understanding of the structure activity behaviour of compounds in this chemical series. Pharmacological investigation of ligerin was then performed in comparison to TNP-470, reference compound and underlined the better selectivity of ligerin against human cell lines with a low toxicity. At the same time, in order to describe the new species producer of ligerin, phenotype, genotype and metabolome of four strains belonging to P. Ligerum were compared. Different approaches were used to study the metabolome: isolation and structural identification of some metabolites and LC-HRMS/MS investigation and dereplication of the metabolic fingerprints of the four strains. Using HRMS/MS modelization of the sesquiterpene core, natural analogs of ligerin were also searched, allowing the identification of several new compounds related to ligerin
Petit, Emilie. "Réactivité de polyphénols du vin sous conditions oxydantes : hémisynthèse des mongolicaïnes, et d’adduits entre polyphénols et thiols odorants." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14915/document.
Full textThe wine is a complex medium that evolves throughout the different stages ofthe wine making process. To understand both the qualities and defects of wine,numerous research team worldwide investigate the chemistry of wine. In this context,the subject of this thesis concerns the study of the chemical evolution of some winepolyphenolic molecules under oxidizing and/or acidic conditions in the aim of isolatingand characterizing new compounds likely formed in wine. Two aspects are examined.The first one is the study of the oxidation of two flavano‐ellagitannins, acutissimins Aand B, formed from a monomer of condensed tannins, catechin, and a C‐glucosidicellagitannin, vescalagin, extracted from oak wood by the wine solution during its agingin barrels. This study led to the isolation of mongolicains A and B and two analogues ofcamelliatannin G, and revealed their formation according to an autoxydationmechanism. The second aspect of this work concerns the consequences of the presencein wine of some polyphenols on wine odorous thiols. Their chemical behavior andreactivity are described in different media, with the hemisynthesis of thio‐ellagitanninsunder acidic conditions, and the formation of thio‐catechol and thio‐pyrogallol adductsunder oxidizing conditions, chemical transformations that could explain the loss ofodors and aromas due to wine odorous thiols
Oukhrib, Abdelouahd. "Valorisation des terpènes par formation des nouvelles liaisons C-C et C-X par voie catalytique et hémisynthèse." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0029/document.
Full textThe functionnalisation of natural products by hemisynthesis or catalytic reactions is a useful tool to accessand develop newinteresting molecules with biological properties.We have been interested in chemical transformation of the sesquiterpenes isolated from the essential oil of Atlas Cedar, which represent a family of abundant and inexpensive natural molecules The first part of this work concerns the hemisynthesis reactions on the himachalènes and α-atlantones by classical epoxidation, dihalogénocyclopropanation, Grignard and Wittig reactions with the aim to increase the known biological activity or to investigate novel properties. Olefinic derivatives obtained were then involved in the hydroformylation reaction catalyzed by rhodium complexes. This second part describes first the synthesis of phospholeligands and chiral biphospholes involved in this reaction.The performance of these ligands has been evaluated in the hydroformylation reaction of model substrates like styrene, octene and α-methylstyrene as well as that of the chiral biphosphosles ligands in the asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene. Then the reaction has been studied with the olefin derived from α-atlantones using [Rh(acac)(CO)2]/L (L= phosphine or phosphole) catalytic systems. These systemsshow active and give good chemo- and regioselectivity in favour of the linear aldehyde. We have also carried out the tandem reactions such as hydroformylation/Wittig/hydroformylation to obtain aldehydes with long-chain aliphatic and hydroformylation/acetalization reactions of homo- and allylic alcohols derived from α-atlantones to obtain new five-and six-membered lactones after oxidation of the corresponding hemiacetals. The last part describes the synthesis of new ligands (P-N) pyrrol-phosphine (phosphole) and their evaluation in the direct intramolecular arylation reaction catalyzed by palladium complexes under microwaves.This reaction provides access to lactones with a «dibenzo-pyranone» backbone. The complexes containing pyrrol-phosphine ligands give interesting results in terms of conversion and selectivity from various biaryl esters
Cortés, Martínez Diego Miguel. "Contribution à l’étude des Annonacées : alcaloïdes aporphinoïdes de Guatteria ouregou et Guatteria schomburgkiana : alcaloïdes bisbenzyltétrahydroisoquinoléiques de Pseudoxandra aff. Lucida : γ-lactones bistétrahydrofuranniques d’Annona cherimolia." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112052.
Full text- Four Annonaceous species have been studied from a phytochemical point of view. - Among the alkaloids isolated from the bark of Guatteria ouregouu, it is to point out the presence of gouregine, first cularinoid derivative of the metabolism of aporphines. Several 7,7-disubstituted aporphinoids have been found in G. Ouregou and G. Schomburgkiana. Belemine isolated from stem bark of G. Schomburgkiana is postulated as a possible intermediate in the biosynthesis of 7-alkyl-aporphines. - Some alkaloids of the bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline type with a biphenylic bond have been isolated from bark of Pseudoxandra aff. Lucida. Their structures have been elucidated by chemical degradation (Na/NH₃, KMnO₄, Ce1V), and spectroscopic methods (¹H- at 360 MHz: decoupling, nuclear Overhauser enhancements and two dimensional ¹H -¹H and ¹H -¹³c). - Two γ-lactone-bistetrahydrofuranes have been discovered in the seeds of Annona cherimolia, they are an unusual type of secondary metabolits and they exhibit an antimicrobial activity
Chacón, Morales Pablo Armando. "Transformations de terpénoïdes : 1. Réarrangements moléculai res et réactions d’oxydation de dérivés du longipinène, 2. Hémisynthèse de labdanes diterpénoïdes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0903/document.
Full textChemical transformations were performed on terpenoids isolated from plants of the Asteraceae fami ly belonging to the flora of the Venezuelan Andes. From Stevia lucida Lagasca was obtained the sesquiterpene 7β,9α-dihydroxylongipin-2-en-1-one. The study of the reactivity of this compound led to the synthesis of two products resulting from oxidation reactions, and six products resulting from molecular rearrangements. Among these six rearrangement products, two new compounds, merida-2,7-dien-1,9-dione and 1-oxo-2-en-uladan-7(9)-ol ida, were characterized; these terpenes, whose carbone skeletons are unprecedented, were named Meridane and Uladane. From Oxylobus glanduliferus and Austroeupatorium inulaefolium, respectively, were isolated two diterpenes, labdan-8α,15-diol and austroeupatol . These compounds were chemically derivatized by acylation with diversely substituted aromatic carboxylic acids. The seventeen aromatic esters thus synthesized were then evaluated for their antibacterial activity
El, khawand Toni. "Extraction et hémisynthèse de stilbènes de la vigne et du vin pour une application en santé humaine et végétale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0402.
Full textStilbenes are a group of defence molecules produced by grapevine to fight against pathogens. They are consequently found in wine, where they acquire an added value through their proven positive effects on human health. Knowing that the efficacy of stilbenes against some oomycetes and fungus pathogens that attack grapevine increases with their oligomerization degree, the first objective of this thesis was to optimize and proceed to oxidative coupling reactions of resveratrol and ɛ-viniférine extracted from grapevine canes, in the presence of metal salts, in order to produce stilbene oligomers. On the one hand, these hemisynthesis reactions led to the formation of stilbenes with high molecular weight, and to the production of extracts with high antifungal activity against two major grapevine pathogens, Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea. On the other hand, these oxidative coupling reactions carried out on wine helped study the mechanisms of the oxidative transformation of resveratrol in wine, identify the resulting oligomers and determine the conditions conducive to their formation. Finally, the potential effects of these oligomers on human health were studied, by evaluating the level of their anti-inflammatory activity
Stampf, Philippe. "Hémisynthèse de triterpénoïdes bactériens en série hopane : 2-méthylhopanoïdes ribosylhopane et adénosylhopane - inhibiteurs potentiels de la biosynthèses des hopanoïdes." Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0222.
Full textSafi, Rémi. "Etude de la férutinine et de ses analogues : hémisynthèse et activité anticancéreuse vis-à-vis des lignées cellulaires hormono-dépendantes." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30357/document.
Full textEstrogens are key regulators of cell growth in hormone-dependent cancers such as breast, prostate and ovarian. Phyto-estrogens are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds, exhibiting potential benefits for chemoprevention by antagonizing the function of estrogens. Ferutinin (FRT) is the main active phyto-chemical extracted from the endemic plant of Lebanon, Ferula hermonis. Several studies were conducted on the estrogenic and anti-proliferative activities of FRT; nevertheless, its cytotoxic activity against estrogen-dependent cancers is not yet elucidated. FRT has been reported as agonist to estrogen receptor a (ERa) and agonist/antagonist to ERß. FRT production was first optimized by hemi-synthesis from basic hydrolysate of crude root extract. The anticancer properties of FRT was assessed against breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), prostate (PC-3, DU 145, 22Rv1) and ovarian (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and IGROV-1) cancer cell lines. A biphasic effect was observed on the proliferation of mammary MCF-7 cell line, where the proliferative activity was correlated to ER stimulation. FRT inhibited the proliferation of all studied cell lines at high concentrations and induced a pre G0/G1 cell cycle arrest via a pro-apoptotic mechanism of action. FRT targeted the enriched population of cancer stem cells/progenitors which is responsible for tumor reemission. However, its antiproliferative activity is considered weak since it cannot trigger at low concentrations pure estrogen antagonistic activity. This project emphasizes next on the synthesis of FRT analogues by preserving its active structure. We have created an in silico filter of chemical compounds that might act as potential antagonists to ERs. This novel molecular docking tool was used to design FRT derivatives by enhancing their antagonist position inside the binding cavity of ERs. Docking results of FRT in the binding site of ERs confirmed structurally the dual potency that exerts this molecule (agonist/antagonist) in vitro. A list of FRT analogues were synthesized and tested for their anti-proliferative activity against the studied cell lines. Promising results were obtained with three ferutinin analogues on the proliferation of breast (3c' and 2c'), prostate (2c') and ovarian (3b) cancer cell lines. These compounds were also shown to be more selective to cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic properties of these analogues suggest that they could be promoted as potential candidates for useful anticancer therapy
Haberkorn, Laure. "Allergie de contact à la colophane : hémisynthèse de l'acide 15-hydropéroxyabiétique et mise en évidence d'intermédiaires radicalaires susceptibles de modifier les protéines cutanées." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13120.
Full textLemus, Christelle. "Réactivité du triméthylsilyldiazométhane vis-à-vis de carbonyles : application aux iridoïdes et accès à de nouveaux squelettes et synthons : étude chimique de Chimarrhis cymosa, rubiaceae endémique des petites Antilles." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05P607.
Full textThe research topic of this thesis concerns the appreciation of iridoids in order to design and synthesize a wide range of chassis and new molecular building blocks. Initially, hemisynthesis works from aucubin, a natural iridoid glycoside which can be easily extracted in large amounts of leaves and fruits of Aucuba japonica, have been made. The reaction of trimethylsilyldiazomethane in the presence of various acid catalysts with aldehydes derived from aucubin (with cyclopenta [c] pyran and cyclopenta [1,2-c] furan skeleton) was studied. The reaction conditions applied to aldehydes with a cyclopenta [c] pyran skeleton led unexpectedly to the formation of various compounds possessing an oxepin ring. These results were confirmed by a mechanistic study including a generalization of the method from commercial aldehydes. In a second step, the study of the chemical composition of the methanolic extract of a Rubiaceae endemic to the Lesser Antilles, Chimarrhis cymosa, allowed the isolation and structural determination of iridoid glycosides and alkaloids indolomonoterpéniques. Among these compounds, the cymoside, the 10-hydroxystrictosidine and 6'-O-α-D-rhamnopyranosyl-7-oxologanine are described here for the first time, while neonaucleoside A and C could lead to reassess the taxonomic position of Chimarrhis kind
Sor, Ano Agatón Flor Nadheisa. "Etude phytochimique de Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. Angustifolium. Synthèse et hémisynthèse d'alcaloïdes de type canthin-6-one. Synthèse et réactivité de nouveaux squelettes en série indolique." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114814.
Full textThe alkaloids canthin-6-one, 5-methoxy-canthin-6-one and norchelerythrine, and the pyrocoumarines cis and trans-avicennol were extracted from steam bark of Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. Angustifolium (Rutaceae) collected in South America. Some canthin-6-one derivatives were prepared by hemisynthesis exploring the N-3 reactivity of the pyridine nitrogen. Other new derivatives were prepared from different tryptamines by an efficient new synthetic route (3 or 4 steps) in good yields. This work has prompted us to explore the reactivity of some indole derivatives particulary in cycloaddition reactions. An original β-amination reaction using sodium azide and a metallic salt has been developed. This one pot reaction enabled the preparation of different compounds from natural substrates presenting an αβ-unsaturated carbonyl function
Balas, Laurence. "Tanins catéchiques : isolement, hémisynthèse et analyse structurale par RMN 2D homo- et hétéro-nucléaire : contribution à l'étude des tanins du raisin et des vins de Bordeaux." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2B003.
Full textMai, Hoang Linh. "Etude chimique et évaluations biologiques des métabolites secondaires de Gardenia urvillei et Gardenia oudiepe, Rubiaceae endémiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie : hémisynthèse de dérivés en séries cycloartane, dammarane et flavonoïde." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P632.
Full textPhytochemical studies of glutinous exudate covering the buds et the leaf base of Gardenia urvillei Montrouz. et Gardenia oudiepe Vieill., Rubiaceaeous species endemic to New Caledonia, have led to the identification of twelve cycloartanes, nine seco-cycloartanes, eight dammaranes et seven flavonoids. Among these secondary metabolites, six cycloartanes, four seco-cycloartanes et two dammaranes are original natural products. Biological evaluations, such as search for anti-angiogenic properties or inhibition of tubulin polymerization, have shown promising results. In order to establish the structure-activity relationships for these activities, twenty-six analogs were semisynthesized from the major isolated compounds, oudiépone A, hydroxydammarénone II, santin, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,3’,4’,5’,6-pentamethoxyflavone et kaempferol
Kabran, Faustin Aka. "Etude phytochimique de plantes ivoiriennes à activité antiparasitaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114838.
Full textThis document describes the isolation and the identification of 74 molecules, among them 13 newly described, from two medicinal plants of Ivory Coast: Mallotus oppositifolius and Isolona cooperi. The biological evaluation of these compounds, mainly on Leishmania and Trypanosoma validate the traditional use of these plants. From different organs of I. cooperi, 22 compounds were isolated and identified as phenols, steroids and terpenoids. Phenolic compounds and especially phloroglucinols were the most active. From different organs of M. oppositifolius, 52 compounds were isolated and identified as alkaloids, xanthines, lactones, indanes, amides, amines, steroids, fatty acids and esters. The biological assessment of some of these compounds show moderate activities. Hemi-synthetic modifications made on apoprunellelactone isolated from I. cooperi led to reduced, acetylated or oxydated analogs characterized by an significant increase of their antiparasitic activity, especially the acetylated derivative
Boufridi, Asmaa. "De l’étude d’éponges du genre Dactylospongia aux particularités chimiques des ilimaquinones." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114848/document.
Full textOur team is one of the partners of the international project PoMaRe ("Benthic Invertebrates of Polynesia, Martinique and Reunion"). We worked directly with Dr. Cécile Debitus from the IRD in French Polynesia, her team was in charge of collecting samples of marine sponges in different atolls of the Pacific.In the laboratory, we focused particularly on two abundant species in Polynesia: Dactylospongia metachromia and Dactylospongia elegans. Our job was to isolate their major metabolites: the ilimaquinones and perform various studies around these two epimeric sesquiterpene quinones.The work was organized as follows:- Extraction of ilimaquinones: ilimaquinones were isolated from the sponge Dactylospongia metachromia with a yield > 3%. A study of the variation of their respective percentage in relation with the geography of collection was undertaken, involving more than one hundred samples. This is the first study of this scale to be achieved. The sponge D. elegans was also studied, our results revealed the presence of ilimaquinone but also a nearby structure: isospongiaquinone.- Structural modifications of ilimaquinones:* Chemical modifications: structural changes were studied on ilimaquinones to delimit their reactivity: various analogues have been obtained. Among others, natural substances isospongiaquinone, 5-epi-isospongiaquinone and neomamanuthaquinone have been obtained. In these studies, a new reaction was discovered modifying the quinone surprisingly under oxidizing conditions.* Enzymatic modifications: micro-organisms were used to carry out biotransformations on the skeleton of ilimaquinone, three compounds were obtained. These changes have affected both the decalin and the quinone of our substrate. An original reaction has also been observed for the first time.- Molecular modeling and electrochemistry: a molecular modeling study has allowed us to calculate the energy of formation of ilimaquinones based on biosynthesis assumptions that we can now better understand. Finally an electrochemistry study evaluated the redox properties of these natural molecules with high potential in terms of biological activity
Sorres, Jonathan. "Isolement de métabolites secondaires d’invertébrés marins – Synthèse de dérivés hybrides dispacamide / 3-alkylpyridine et évaluation biologique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112305.
Full textThe work described in this thesis deals with the isolation of new metabolites from marine invertebrates in one hand, and with the synthesis of antifouling and kinase inhibitors hybrid molecules inspired from dispacamide and 3-alkylpyridine scaffolds. Spectroscopic methods and chemical modifications were used for structural determination. The new compounds were biologically evaluated.Three new compounds of the norcembranoid diterpenes were isolated from the Soft Coral Sinularia vanderlandi. The relative configurations of these metabolites were determined and a chemical link was established between these diterpenes.The investigation of the marine Sponge Pipestela candelabra has conducted to the isolation of nine new metabolites, four phospholipids and five new jaspamide congeners including pipestelides A-C and 5-hydroperoxy-jasplakinolides Ca et Cb. Hemisynthesis were conducted from the jaspamide, together with spectroscopic analysis to confirm the structures of the peroxidated compounds.Two new derivatives of benzosceptrine were isolated from a partial study of the marine Sponge Stylissa carteri.The synthesis part of this work described the access to dispacamide / 3-alkylpyridine derivatives. Three hybrids were synthetized and biological evaluation are in progress, particularly for antifouling activities. Structural aspects were also studied by the synthesis of other derivatives
Chériti, Abdelkrim. "Hémisynthèses de saponosides dérivés du cholestérol et des acides oléanolique et ursolique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30053.
Full textVille, Alexia. "Métabolites secondaires et analogues hémisynthétiques en série vitaminique E : Obtention et évaluation du potentiel anti-inflammatoire." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0062.
Full textMany studies highlighted the biological potential of tocotrienols (T3), a vitamin E subfamily, especially in the field of cardiovascular diseases and chronic inflammation. A phytochemical study, previously conducted at SONAS, led to the isolation and characterization of δ-amplexichromanol (δ-AC) as the main and original secondary metabolite from Garcinia amplexicaulis barks (dichloromethane extract) along with other oxidized T3 analogs such as δ-garcinoic acid (δ-GA). A pharmacophore based virtual screening of these derivatives against various anti-inflammatory targets showed that this class of T3 analogs could be considered as potential 5-LOX inhibitors. It was confirmed by in vitro assays when δ-AC and δ-GA were evaluated as inhibitors of purified 5-LOX, or in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. We then decided to carry on our study to further understand the original mode of action of these metabolites while optimizing the anti-inflammatory properties of the first hits. Such approach requires large amounts of tocotrienolic derivatives. However, usual natural sources of T3 provide complex mixtures involving particularly challenging purification processes. Thus, this work aim at designing efficient semisynthesis towards pharmacologically relevant T3 derivatives were developed from -GA, the main T3 derivative isolated from Garcinia kola nuts, a renewable and easily available vegetal source. Moreover, pharmacomodulation of the tocotrienolic backbone relied on preliminary docking studies and then required the development of various synthetic strategies to access original vitamin E analogs as potential 5-LOX inhibitors
Bombarda, Isabelle. "Hémisynthèses d'alcools sesquiterpéniques : application à la valorisation de la fraction hydrocarbure de l'huile essentielle de Vetiver Bourbon." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://tel.univ.run.elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/H/1994_Bombarda_I.pdf.
Full textKazé, Zogou Paul Martial. "Hémisynthèse et évaluation biologique de dérivés de brévifoliol." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5643/1/M12826.pdf.
Full text