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Journal articles on the topic 'Hemlock woolly adelgid Hemlock woolly adelgid Eastern hemlock'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Oten, K. L. F., G. R. Bauchan, J. Frampton, and F. P. Hain. "Biophysical characteristics of the stem and petiole surface of six hemlock (Tsuga) species and a hybrid: implications for resistance to Adelges tsugae." Botany 90, no. 11 (2012): 1170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-095.

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Characteristics of the plant surface significantly affect host-plant selection by phytophagous insects. Surface morphology of six hemlock species (Tsuga spp.) and a hybrid was investigated using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Observations focused on trichome presence and placement and cuticle thickness. These characteristics were studied in the context of species-level host-plant resistance to the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an exotic insect causing massive mortality to eastern hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) and Carolina hemlock

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Evans, Daniel M., W. Michael Aust, C. Andrew Dolloff, Ben S. Templeton, and John A. Peterson. "Eastern Hemlock Decline in Riparian Areas from Maine to Alabama." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 28, no. 2 (2011): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/28.2.97.

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Abstract Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) in the Appalachian mountain range is threatened by the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Potential impacts on riparian systems are great because of eastern hemlock's role as a foundation species that influences site soil, vegetation, and stream characteristics. We installed permanent research sites at 49 locations in riparian areas, from Maine to Alabama, to survey eastern hemlock health, measure stand dynamics, and predict near-term forest composition without eastern hemlock. This report summarizes the initial stand measurements fr

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Rigsby, Chad M., Ian G. Kinahan, Amelia May, et al. "Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Infestation on the Jasmonic Acid-Elicited Defenses of Tsuga canadensis (Pinales: Pinaceae)." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 5 (2020): 1226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa104.

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Abstract Hemlock woolly adelgid is an invasive piercing-sucking insect in eastern North America, which upon infestation of its main host, eastern hemlock (‘hemlock’), improves attraction and performance of folivorous insects on hemlock. This increased performance may be mediated by hemlock woolly adelgid feeding causing antagonism between the the jasmonic acid and other hormone pathways. In a common garden experiments using hemlock woolly adelgid infestation and induction with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and measures of secondary metabolite contents and defense-associated enzyme activities, we exp

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Churchel, Melissa A., James L. Hanula, C. Wayne Berisford, James M. Vose, and Mark J. Dalusky. "Impact of Imidacloprid for Control of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Nearby Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 35, no. 1 (2011): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/35.1.26.

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Abstract Imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide that acts on the nervous system, is currently being used to control hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand), which is damaging hemlock trees. The objective of this study was to determine whether soil injection with imidacloprid for hemlock woolly adelgid control near streams adversely affects aquatic invertebrates. Eastern hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis) in the watersheds surrounding four streams in the southern Appalachian region of Georgia and North Carolina were treated with imidacloprid. Addie Branch was the only stream that exhibited a poss

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Kinahan, Ian G., Gabrielle Grandstaff, Alana Russell, Chad M. Rigsby, Richard A. Casagrande, and Evan L. Preisser. "A Four-Year, Seven-State Reforestation Trial with Eastern Hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis) Resistant to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae)." Forests 11, no. 3 (2020): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11030312.

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We conducted over a decade of research into individual eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis; hemlock) trees that are potentially resistant to hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae; HWA), an invasive xylem-feeding insect that is capable of rapidly killing even mature trees. Following clonal propagation of these individuals, in 2015 we planted size- and age-matched HWA-resistant and HWA-susceptible hemlocks in HWA-infested forest plots in seven states. In 2019, we re-surveyed the plots; 96% of HWA-resistant hemlocks survived compared to 48% of susceptible trees. The surviving HWA-resistant trees w

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Jenkins, Jennifer C., John D. Aber, and Charles D. Canham. "Hemlock woolly adelgid impacts on community structure and N cycling rates in eastern hemlock forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 5 (1999): 630–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-034.

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Mortality of dominant tree species caused by introduced pests and pathogens have been among the most pervasive and visible impacts of humans on eastern U.S. forests in the 20th century, yet little is known about the ecosystem-level consequences of these invasions. In this study we quantified the impacts of the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) on community structure and ecosystem processes in eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) forests in southern New England. Data were collected at six hemlock-dominated sites spanning a continuum from 0 to 99% mortality. Ligh

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McKenzie, E. Alexa, Joseph S. Elkinton, Richard A. Casagrande, Evan l. Preisser, and Mark Mayer. "Terpene Chemistry of Eastern Hemlocks Resistant to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid." Journal of Chemical Ecology 40, no. 9 (2014): 1003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-014-0495-0.

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Zilahi-Balogh, G. M. G., L. M. Humble, L. T. Kok, and S. M. Salom. "Morphology of Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid." Canadian Entomologist 138, no. 5 (2006): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n05-096.

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AbstractLaricobius nigrinus Fender, native to western North America, was first released in 2003 for the biological control of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in the eastern United States. Members of the genus Laricobius are known to feed on adelgids, but there is a lack of detailed taxonomic and ecological information on this group of insects. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of various life stages of L. nigrinus are presented in this study, accompanied by notes on its life history to facilitate its recognition.

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Rose, Alexander, Darrell W. Ross, Nathan P. Havill, Kyle Motley, and Kimberly F. Wallin. "Coexistence of three specialist predators of the hemlock woolly adelgid in the Pacific Northwest USA." Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, no. 3 (2019): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485319000622.

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AbstractThe hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae: Adelges tsugae Annand) is an invasive insect, introduced from Japan to eastern North America, where it causes decline and death of hemlock trees. There is a closely related lineage of A. tsugae native to western North America. To inform classical biological control of A. tsugae in the eastern USA, the density and phenology of three native western adelgid specialist predators, Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt), Le. piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), and Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), were quantified

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Preisser, Evan L., Mailea R. Miller-Pierce, Jacqueline Vansant, and David A. Orwig. "Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) regeneration in the presence of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) and elongate hemlock scale (Fiorinia externa)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 12 (2011): 2433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-155.

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The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) is an invasive hemipteran that poses a major threat to eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) forests in the United States. We conducted three surveys over a five-year period that assessed the density of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) and a second invasive pest, the elongate hemlock scale (EHS; Fiorinia externa Ferris), overstory hemlock mortality, and hemlock regeneration in ~140 hemlock stands (mean size, 44 ha; range, 7–305 ha) within a 7500 km2 north–south transect of southern New England (USA). In each stand, we rated HWA and EHS

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Ellison, Aaron, David Orwig, Matthew Fitzpatrick, and Evan Preisser. "The Past, Present, and Future of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae) and Its Ecological Interactions with Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Forests." Insects 9, no. 4 (2018): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040172.

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The nonnative hemlock woolly adelgid is steadily killing eastern hemlock trees in many parts of eastern North America. We summarize impacts of the adelgid on these forest foundation species; review previous models and analyses of adelgid spread dynamics; and examine how previous forecasts of adelgid spread and ecosystem dynamics compare with current conditions. The adelgid has reset successional sequences, homogenized biological diversity at landscape scales, altered hydrological dynamics, and changed forest stands from carbon sinks into carbon sources. A new model better predicts spread of th

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Joseph, Shimat V., S. Kristine Braman, Jim Quick, and James L. Hanula. "The Range and Response of Neonicotinoids on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 29, no. 4 (2011): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-29.4.197.

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Abstract Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand is a serious pest of eastern and Carolina hemlock in the eastern United States. A series of experiments compared commercially available and experimental insecticides, rates, application methods and timing for HWA control in Georgia and North Carolina. Safari 20 SG (dinotefuran) provided an average of 79 to 87% suppression of adelgid populations within one month after spring application. Arena 50 W (clothianidin) and Merit 75 WP (imidacloprid) were slower acting but provided longer-term adelgid suppression than dinotefuran. However, 2

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Walker, David M., Carolyn A. Copenheaver, and Audrey Zink-Sharp. "Radial growth changes following hemlock woolly adelgid infestation of eastern hemlock." Annals of Forest Science 71, no. 5 (2014): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-014-0367-3.

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Huggett, Brett A., Jessica A. Savage, Guang-You Hao, Evan L. Preisser, and N. Michele Holbrook. "Impact of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) infestation on xylem structure and function and leaf physiology in eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)." Functional Plant Biology 45, no. 5 (2018): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp17233.

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Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) (HWA) is an invasive insect that feeds upon the foliage of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) trees, leading to a decline in health and often mortality. The exact mechanism leading to the demise of eastern hemlocks remains uncertain because little is known about how HWA infestation directly alters the host’s physiology. To evaluate the physiological responses of eastern hemlock during early infestation of HWA, we measured needle loss, xylem hydraulic conductivity, vulnerability to cavitation, tracheid anatomy, leaf-level gas exchange

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Eschtruth, Anne K., Natalie L. Cleavitt, John J. Battles, Richard A. Evans, and Timothy J. Fahey. "Vegetation dynamics in declining eastern hemlock stands: 9 years of forest response to hemlock woolly adelgid infestation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 6 (2006): 1435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-050.

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Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae Annand) infestations have resulted in the continuing decline of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) throughout much of the eastern United States. In 1994 and 2003, we quantified the vegetation composition and structure of two hemlock ravines in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. This is the first study to use pre-adelgid disturbance data, annual monitoring of infestation severity, and annual records of hemlock health to assess forest response to HWA infestation. In 2003, 25% of monitored hemlock trees were either dead or in

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Zilahi-Balogh, G. M. G., L. M. Humble, A. B. Lamb, S. M. Salom, and L. T. Kok. "Seasonal abundance and synchrony between Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) and its prey, the hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 1 (2003): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n02-059.

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AbstractLaricobius nigrinus Fender, native to the Pacific Northwest, is being evaluated as a potential biological control agent of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand, in the eastern United States. Members of the genus Laricobius feed exclusively on adelgids. Adelges tsugae is found on hemlocks (Tsuga sp.) in North America and Asia, but is considered only a pest of eastern [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière] and Carolina (Tsuga caroliniana Engelmann) hemlocks in eastern North America. This is the first detailed study of the life history of L. nigrinus and its interaction with A. tsu

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Fajvan, Mary Ann, and Randall S. Morin. "Spatial Distribution of Chesapeake Bay Riparian Hemlock Forests Threatened by Hemlock Woolly Adelgid." Journal of Forestry 119, no. 3 (2021): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvab001.

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Abstract Landscape-scale maps of tree species densities are important tools for managing ecosystems threatened by forest pests. Eastern hemlock dominates riparian forests throughout its range. As a conifer in a deciduous landscape, hemlock plays an ecohydrological role, especially when other species are dormant. The nonnative, hemlock woolly adelgid has caused widespread hemlock decline and mortality. We used two existing basal area raster layers first to identify Chesapeake Bay subwatersheds with ≥6 percent hemlock basal area and second to quantify hemlock basal area densities within fixed-wi

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Austin, David A., Saskia L. van de Gevel, and Peter T. Soulé. "Forest dynamics and climate sensitivity of an endangered Carolina hemlock community in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA." Botany 94, no. 4 (2016): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2015-0222.

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During the last century, the eastern United States has functionally lost two major tree species (American chestnut and American elm), two more, eastern and Carolina hemlock, will likely be functionally extinct during much of their ranges by 2050. Carolina hemlock forests are geographically limited to high elevations in the southern Appalachian Mountains and are considered to be endangered. We collected forest stand, composition, and tree age data at the beginning of a hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) infestation. Prior to the arrival of HWA, Carolina hemlocks were healthy and densely populated in

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Cleavitt, Natalie L., Anne K. Eschtruth, John J. Battles, and Timothy J. Fahey. "Bryophyte response to eastern hemlock decline caused by hemlock woolly adelgid infestation1." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 135, no. 1 (2008): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3159/07-ra-030.1.

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Pezet, Joshua, and Joseph S. Elkinton. "Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Induces Twig Volatiles of Eastern Hemlock in a Forest Setting." Environmental Entomology 43, no. 5 (2014): 1275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/en13358.

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Daley, Michael J., Nathan G. Phillips, Cory Pettijohn, and Julian L. Hadley. "Water use by eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and black birch (Betula lenta): implications of effects of the hemlock woolly adelgid." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 10 (2007): 2031–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-045.

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Eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) is a coniferous evergreen species found across the northeastern United States that is currently threatened by the exotic pest hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae Annand). As HWA kills eastern hemlock trees, black birch ( Betula lenta L.) has been found to be a dominant replacement species in the region. Seasonal changes in water use by eastern hemlock and black birch were investigated utilizing whole-tree transpiration measurement techniques. Annual evapotranspiration in an eastern hemlock and deciduous stand was also estimated. During the

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Albani, Marco, Paul R. Moorcroft, Aaron M. Ellison, David A. Orwig, and David R. Foster. "Predicting the impact of hemlock woolly adelgid on carbon dynamics of eastern United States forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 1 (2010): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-167.

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The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae Annand) is an introduced insect pest that threatens to decimate eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere) populations. In this study, we used the ecosystem demography model in conjunction with a stochastic model of HWA spread to predict the impact of HWA infestation on the current and future forest composition, structure, and carbon (C) dynamics in the eastern United States. The spread model predicted that on average the hemlock stands south and east of the Great Lakes would be infested by 2015, southern Michigan would be reached by 2020,

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Miller-Pierce, Mailea R., David A. Orwig, and Evan Preisser. "Effects of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid and Elongate Hemlock Scale on Eastern Hemlock Growth and Foliar Chemistry." Environmental Entomology 39, no. 2 (2010): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/en09298.

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Gonda-King, Liahna, Laura Radville, and Evan L. Preisser. "False Ring Formation in Eastern Hemlock Branches: Impacts of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid and Elongate Hemlock Scale." Environmental Entomology 41, no. 3 (2012): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/en11227.

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Butin, Elizabeth, Evan Preisser, and Joseph Elkinton. "Factors affecting settlement rate of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae, on eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis." Agricultural and Forest Entomology 9, no. 3 (2007): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2007.00334.x.

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Fidgen, Jeffrey G., David E. Legg, and Scott M. Salom. "Binomial Sequential Sampling Plan for Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Sistens Infesting Individual Eastern Hemlock Trees." Journal of Economic Entomology 99, no. 4 (2006): 1500–1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/99.4.1500.

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Darr, Molly, Rachel Brooks, Nathan Havill, E. Hoebeke, and Scott Salom. "Phenology and Synchrony of Scymnus coniferarum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with Multiple Adelgid Species in the Puget Sound, WA, USA." Forests 9, no. 9 (2018): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9090558.

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The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae, is an invasive pest of Tsuga spp. in eastern North America. Scymnus coniferarum is a predaceous beetle that was collected from HWA in the western United States. Limited knowledge of this insect in its native habitat led to studies to evaluate its potential for biological control of HWA. Seasonal abundance was sampled at six sites in Tacoma, WA, twice monthly, for one year on different host trees of potential adelgid prey. Tree species included Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus contorta, Pinus monticola, and Tsuga heterophylla. Scymnus coniferarum ad

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Lishawa, Shane C., Dale R. Bergdahl, and Scott D. Costa. "Winter conditions in eastern hemlock and mixed-hardwood deer wintering areas of Vermont." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 3 (2007): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-256.

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In regions experiencing harsh winter, eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) is thought to moderate winter conditions and provide cover for white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman, 1780). In Vermont, USA, eastern hemlock is the dominant tree in many white-tailed deer wintering areas. Hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand; HWA), an insect introduced from Asia, is causing widespread mortality of eastern hemlock. HWA cold-hardiness research and cold-hardiness zone climate models predict that HWA is capable of winter survival in portions of southern Vermont. This s

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Farnsworth, Elizabeth J., Audrey A. Barker Plotkin, and Aaron M. Ellison. "The relative contributions of seed bank, seed rain, and understory vegetation dynamics to the reorganization of Tsuga canadensis forests after loss due to logging or simulated attack by Adelges tsugae." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 12 (2012): 2090–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2012-0305.

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Profound changes are occurring in forests as native insects, nonnative insects, or pathogens irrupt on foundation tree species; comprehensive models of vegetation responses are needed to predict future forest composition. We experimentally simulated hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand) infestation (by girdling trees) and preemptive logging of eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) and compared vegetation dynamics in replicate 90 m × 90 m treatment plots and intact hemlock stands from 2004 to 2010. Using Chao–Sørensen abundance-based similarity indices, we assessed composi

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Dietschler, Nicholas J., Tonya D. Bittner, R. Talbot Trotter, Timothy J. Fahey, and Mark C. Whitmore. "Biological Control of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid: Implications of Adult Emergence Patterns of Two Leucopis spp. (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) and Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) Larval Drop." Environmental Entomology 50, no. 4 (2021): 803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab037.

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Abstract The hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae Adelges tsugae Annand) poses a serious threat to hemlocks in eastern North America, and ongoing research is focused on the identification and development of biological controls to protect and manage hemlock resources. Three predators native to the Pacific Northwest of North America that have been the focus of much research are Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt), Leucopis piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), and Laricobius nigrinus (Fender) (Coleoptera: Derodontidae). This study addresses the knowledge gap of adult Leucopis sp

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Williams, Justin P., Ryan P. Hanavan, Barrett N. Rock, Subhash C. Minocha, and Ernst Linder. "Influence of hemlock woolly adelgid infestation on the physiological and reflectance characteristics of eastern hemlock." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 3 (2016): 410–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0328.

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The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) (Adelges tsugae Annand) is an invasive insect in the eastern United States. Since its initial detection in Richmond, Virginia, in 1951, HWA has spread to half of the eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) natural range. Detection of early infestation symptoms via remote sensing requires the knowledge of the changes in reflectance resulting from physiological changes in the host as inflicted by the insect and the selection of equipment with the appropriate sensor characteristics. Laboratory-based reflectance measurements of infested and non-infested hemlo

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Pezet, Joshua, Joseph Elkinton, Sara Gomez, E. Alexa Mckenzie, Michael Lavine, and Evan Preisser. "Hemlock Woolly Adelgid and Elongate Hemlock Scale Induce Changes in Foliar and Twig Volatiles of Eastern Hemlock." Journal of Chemical Ecology 39, no. 8 (2013): 1090–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-013-0300-5.

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Broeckling, C. "Volatile emissions of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, and the influence of hemlock woolly adelgid." Phytochemistry 62, no. 2 (2003): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00518-6.

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Davis, Gina A., Scott M. Salom, Carlyle C. Brewster, Bradley P. Onken, and Loke T. Kok. "Spatiotemporal distribution of the hemlock woolly adelgid predatorLaricobius nigrinusafter release in eastern hemlock forests." Agricultural and Forest Entomology 14, no. 4 (2012): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2012.00581.x.

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Vendettuoli, Justin F., David A. Orwig, Jennifer Adams Krumins, Matthew D. Waterhouse, and Evan L. Preisser. "Hemlock woolly adelgid alters fine root bacterial abundance and mycorrhizal associations in eastern hemlock." Forest Ecology and Management 339 (March 2015): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.12.010.

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Rentch, James, Mary Ann Fajvan, Richard A. Evans, and Brad Onken. "Using dendrochronology to model hemlock woolly adelgid effects on eastern hemlock growth and vulnerability." Biological Invasions 11, no. 3 (2008): 551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9270-x.

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Pooler, Margaret R., Susan E. Bentz, Alden M. Townsend, and Clayton B. Deming. "Identification of Tsuga Species Hybrids Using Molecular Markers." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 505d—505. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.505d.

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In both urban and rural areas, landscape and forest settings, the eastern hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis and T. caroliniana) are suffering major damage and mortality from the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Research efforts at the U.S. National Arboretum are focusing on the development of resistant hybrids by crossing the East coast native species with the Asian species T. chinensis, T. diversifolia, and T. seiboldii, which are reported to be more tolerant to damage by the woolly adelgid. More than 2000 seedlings have resulted from these crosses and controls. However, positive identificat

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Lamb, A. B., S. M. Salom, L. T. Kok, and D. L. Mausel. "Confined field release of Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in Virginia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 2 (2006): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-190.

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Laricobius nigrinus Fender is a specialist predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a lethal pest of hemlock (Tsuga spp.) in the eastern United States. A release was conducted in 2003 in Virginia to evaluate survival and oviposition of L. nigrinus adults, egg development in the field, and their impact on HWA density. In March, April, and May, groups of zero, one, two, or three L. nigrinus females were caged on 64 hemlock branches. After 10 days, half the branches were removed to determine L. nigrinus adult survival, total eggs laid, and ovipos

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Doucette, Jarrod S., William M. Stiteler, Lindi J. Quackenbush, and Jeffrey T. Walton. "A rules-based approach for predicting the eastern hemlock component of forests in the northeastern United States." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 8 (2009): 1453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-060.

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The expanding threat of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) infestation has generated interest in locating eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.). Prior studies have incorporated remotely sensed imagery to detect eastern hemlock presence or absence. The goal of this study was to develop methodology to quantify hemlock abundance using software and data accessible to forest managers. Three seasons of Landsat ETM+ scenes served as the imagery basis, whereas simple (slope, aspect, and curvature) and detailed (heat and wetness) environmental indices were extracted from a digital

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Khodaee, Mahsa, Taehee Hwang, JiHyun Kim, Steven P. Norman, Scott M. Robeson, and Conghe Song. "Monitoring Forest Infestation and Fire Disturbance in the Southern Appalachian Using a Time Series Analysis of Landsat Imagery." Remote Sensing 12, no. 15 (2020): 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12152412.

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The southern Appalachian forests have been threatened by several large-scale disturbances, such as wildfire and infestation, which alter the forest ecosystem structures and functions. Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand, HWA) is a non-native pest that causes widespread foliar damage and eventual mortality, resulting in irreversible tree decline in eastern (Tsuga canadensis) and Carolina (T. caroliniana) hemlocks throughout the eastern United States. It is important to monitor the extent and severity of these disturbances over space and time to better understand their implications in

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Domec, Jean-Christophe, Laura N. Rivera, John S. King, et al. "Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) infestation affects water and carbon relations of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana)." New Phytologist 199, no. 2 (2013): 452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12263.

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Dampier, Jason Ernest Elvin, Richard W. Harper, Ashley McElhinney, and Eric Biltonen. "Modeling Benefit–cost Analysis of Hemlock Wooly Adelgid Host Plant Resistance with Emphasis on Least-toxic Chemical Treatment Alternatives." HortTechnology 28, no. 5 (2018): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04080-18.

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Chinese hemlock (Tsuga chinensis) exhibits a high level of resistance to the exotic insect hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae) relative to the native and widely planted eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). Furthermore, both chinese and eastern hemlock exhibit similar autecologic and aesthetic characteristics in urban and suburban environments. This study provides a comparative 25-year economic benefit-cost analysis (BCA), tracking estimated establishment and insect control costs for the two tree species. Eastern hemlock survival requires insecticide treatments when growing within the r

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Adkins, Joshua, and Lynne Rieske. "Benthic Collector and Grazer Communities Are Threatened by Hemlock Woolly Adelgid-Induced Eastern Hemlock Loss." Forests 6, no. 12 (2015): 2719–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f6082719.

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McAvoy, Thomas, Ryan Mays, Nels Johnson, and Scott Salom. "The Effects of Shade, Fertilizer, and Pruning on Eastern Hemlock Trees and Hemlock Woolly Adelgid." Forests 8, no. 5 (2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f8050156.

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Siddig, Ahmed, Alison Ochs, and Aaron Ellison. "Do Terrestrial Salamanders Indicate Ecosystem Changes in New England Forests?" Forests 10, no. 2 (2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020154.

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Long-term ecological research (LTER) and monitoring programs accrue invaluable ecological data that inform policy and improve decisions that enable adaptation to and mitigation of environmental changes. There is great interest in identifying ecological indicators that can be monitored easily and effectively to yield reliable data about environmental changes in forested ecosystems. However, the selection, use, and validity of ecological indicators to monitor in LTER programs remain challenging tasks for ecologists and conservation biologists. Across the eastern United States of America, the fou

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Piatek, Kathryn B., Mary Ann Fajvan, and Richard M. Turcotte. "Thinning effects on foliar elements in eastern hemlock: implications for managing the spread of the hemlock woolly adelgid." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 1 (2017): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0260.

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Stand thinning is being tested as a means to limit the impacts of the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae Annand) on eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere). The efficacy of this strategy may be reduced if thinning increases hemlock foliar nutrients because HWA densities are correlated with foliar concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mn. We determined foliar N, P, K, Ca, and Mn concentrations in 1-year-old and all other (older) needles prior to and for 4 years after thinning in northwestern Pennsylvania stands of eastern hemlock without HWA. Average foliar concentration

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Morin, Randall S., Andrew M. Liebhold, and Kurt W. Gottschalk. "Anisotropic spread of hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States." Biological Invasions 11, no. 10 (2009): 2341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9420-1.

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Birt, Andrew G., Yu Zeng, Maria D. Tchakerian, et al. "Evaluating Southern Appalachian Forest Dynamics without Eastern Hemlock: Consequences of Herbivory by the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid." Open Journal of Forestry 04, no. 02 (2014): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojf.2014.42014.

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Garris, Heath W., Thomas H. Settle, Jonathan E. Crossman, Stephen J. Grider, and Shawnté L. Michaels. "Combined Effects of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae) Infestation and Treatment with Imidacloprid on Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Leaf Radiometry." Journal of Forestry 117, no. 4 (2019): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvz021.

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Abstract The neonicotinoid systemic insecticide imidacloprid has proven to be an effective treatment for the prevention and control of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) in southeastern populations of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L.). Recent studies have demonstrated that imidacloprid and A. tsugae both stimulate salicylic acid-dependent physiological responses in plant tissues responsible for plant defenses against pathogens, timing of developmental outcomes including flowering and leaf senescence, and resilience to abiotic stressors. We evaluated the interacting effects of A

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Doccola, Joseph. "Activity of Stem-Injected and Soil Applied Imidacloprid Against Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Great Smoky Mountains." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 47, no. 1 (2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2021.003.

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Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carrière) is an important component of the riparian ecosystem. Due to the widespread establishment of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand)(HWA) across the range of eastern hemlock, woodland trees may be infested for extended periods (years), resulting in their decline. Imidacloprid, a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, may be used as a strategy in forested settings to manage HWA while more long-term solutions become established, such as biological controls. Symptoms of prolonged infestation include extensive dieback and thinned canopies. In thi

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