Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hémolysat'
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Ibwala, Nsatam-Yamumi. "Escherichia coli :hémagglutination, hémolyse et adhésion." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213209.
Full textDelmotte, Nathanaël. "Développement de méthodes chromatographiques liquides multidimensionnelles couplées à la spectrométrie de masse, préparation et analyse d'échantillons biologiques complexes." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193714.
Full textSix matériaux à accès restreints ont été évalués en fonction de leur aptitude à exclure l'hémoglobine d'hémolysats sanguins. Des injections à différents pH ont montré que la rétention de l'hémoglobine est drastiquement restreinte à pH 10,7. En raison d'une bonne stabilité à pH basique, la colonne polymérique Biotrap 500 MS RAM a été retenue pour l'extraction d'antibiotiques d'hémolysats sanguins. Des extractions quantitatives d'analytes à faibles concentrations (200 pg/μL) ont été réalisées sans effet mémoire d'hémoglobine sur la colonne.
Un nouveau système 2D-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS pour l'analyse protéomique a été développé. Le système est composé d'une séparation par RP-HPLC à pH 10,0, suivie d'une séparation par IP-RP-HPLC à pH 2,1. Ce nouveau système a été comparé à un système conventionnel SCX x IP-RP-HPLC. L'orthogonalité des méthodes de séparation est plus élevée dans l'approche SCX x IP-RP-HPLC que dans le schéma RP x IP-RP-HPLC. Cependant, en raison d'une meilleure distribution des peptides et d'une meilleure efficacité de séparation, le système RP x IP-RP-HPLC permet d'identifier significativement plus de peptides. Les deux approches sont complémentaires et une combinaison des deux systèmes permet d'identifier plus de peptides que des analyses répétées par un système unique.
Didelon, Jacques. "Automatisation et validation d'un test de fragilité des hématies par hémolyse lente." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL026N.
Full textMockesch, Berenike. "Caractérisation de la fonction micro et macrovasculaire chez les enfants drépanocytaires SS et SC : les effets de l'activité physique, du stress oxydant et les conséquences sur la sévérité clinique." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0194/document.
Full textSickle cell disease is the most common genetic disease in the West Indies that affectshemoglobin. Because of considerable heterogeneity in clinical outcomes, its complex pathophysiology isstill not totally understood. For many decades it was widely assumed that blood disorders were the solecause of vaso-occlusion. More recently blood vessel dysfunction also seem to be involved. But it isunclear whether vascular function is affected similarly in children with sickle cell anaemia (SS) and childrenwith sickle haemoglobin C (SC) disease. This study with a cohort of Guadeloupean children demonstratedthat microvascular reactivity is impaired already in sickle cell SS and SC children compared to healthychildren. Divers biological and physiological analysis revealed that there are many interacting factors, all ofwhich may contribute to vasculopathy: (1) chronic endothelial stress due to elevated blood flow level, (2)reduced nitric oxide bioavailability due to chronic hemolysis and oxidative stress, (3) altered autonomicnervous system activity with increase risque in vasoconstrictor activity, (4) saturated antioxidant activityand (5) limited physical activity known to improve vascular function. In this children cohort, vascularimpairments were not associated to clinical severity. However vascular dysfunction seems to beexacerbated in SS. Mild haemolysis in SC, compared to SS, may limit oxidative and nitrosative stress andcould explain the better preserved microvascular function in this group. Learning more about the progressof vascular dysfunction in sickle cell disease seems to be essential. In advanced state it may possibleseriously worsen clinical severity
Aviat, Florence. "Étude d'une protéine de leptospires : Hemolysis Associated Protein 1 : Hap 1." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2012.
Full textLeptospirosis is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution concerning most Mammalians among which humans. Hap1 was purified from an antigenic zone with an apparent molecular mass of 32 kDa extracted from leptospires, bacteria responsible for leptospirosis. Immunization with Hap1 expressed by adenovirus or plasmid induced in gerbils a protection against leptospirosis. Then hap1 gene was expressed by E. Coli to product the recombinant protein rHap. This present work confirms these previous data: Hap1 is secreted during the multiplication of only pathogenic leptospires. Very immunogenic and protective in the natural conditions, this protein in the recombinant form doesn't permit to reproduce protective activity in the natural conditions. So, the purpose of this work was to purify one or many Hap1 naturally forms in order to determine the structural difference to understand this contradiction
Chwalek, Martin. "Hémisynthèse de saponosides à hédéragénine. Etude de l'influence de la chai͏̈ne osidique sur l'activité hémolytique." Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000001.pdf.
Full textThis @PhD thesis presents the synthesis of nine disaccharides consisting of a-L-rhamnopyranose/a-L-arabinopyranose, ß-D-xylopyranose/a-L-arabinopyranose and ß-D-glucopyranose/a-L-arabinopyranose. The anomeric position of these disaccharides were then activated and these compounds were coupled to a hederagenin derivative, giving access, after total deprotection to a serie of 12 saponins. A second serie of hederagenin saponins (D-cellobiose, D-lactose, D-maltose, D-melibiose, D-gentiobiose or D-isomaltose osidic moiety) was also synthesized by the trichloroacetimidate glycosylation method. All of the resulting saponins were then tested for their hemolytic activity as either the free carboxylic acid or as the coresponding methyl ester in order to establish structure-activity relationships. The cytotoxic activity of the free carboxylic acid saponins derivative from a-hederin, was also measured in vitro on KB cells. Another part of this thesis deals with the synthesis of isomaltose derivatives. Isomaltose trichloroacetimidate was synthesized in five steps from D-amygdalin by acid catalyzed rearrangement of the interglycosidic bond
Narbey, David. "Epidémiologie des hémolyses post transfusionnelles retardées chez les patients drépanocytaires adultes : incidence, facteurs de risque et construction d’un score prédictif." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0017.
Full textDelayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) is a life-threatening complication of transfusion in sickle cell disease (SCD). The frequency of DHTR is underestimated and no predictive fac-tors for identifying patients likely to develop DHTR have yet been defined. We conducted a prospective single-center observational study over 30 months. We included 694 transfusion epi-sodes (TE) in 311 adult patients, divided into occasional TE (OTE: 360) and TE during a chronic program (CTE: 334). During follow-up, 15 cases of DHTR were recorded, exclusively after OTEs. DHTR cumulative incidence durin the 30 months was 4.2% per OTE (95% CI [2.6, 6.9]) or 66.8% per patient (95% CI [4.2, 11.3]). The incidence rate was 16.4 DHTR per 1000 OTE-Year (95% CI [10.1, 27.2]) or 27.1 DHTR per 1000 Person-Year (95% CI [16.7 ; 45.0]). We studied 11 additional DHTR cases to construct a score for predicting DHTR after OTE. Fifteen % of the 26 DHTR patients died. The variables retained in the multivariate model were history of DHTR, number of units previously transfused and immunization status before transfusion. The score adequacy was excellent (Hosmer-Lemeshow = 1.40, p = 0.71), very satisfactory dis-criminant capacity (area under ROC curve = 0.85, p <0.0001), negative-predictive value of 98.4% and a positive-predictive value of 50%. The internal validity of the score, realized by Bootstrap, shows a very good performance.We report, for the first time, the incidence of DHTR and we show that DHTR developed only in OTE. We also describe a simple score for predicting DHTR in patients undergoing occasional transfusion, to facilitate the management of blood transfusion in SCD patients
Manaargadoo-Catin, Magalie. "Etude des interactions entre les cellules sanguines et les tensioactifs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS029/document.
Full textSurfactants such as saponins are employed, in the haematology field, as erythrolytic agent in order to count and to identify different leukocyte populations, which are typically thousand times less abundant than erythrocytes. These saponins are used for erythrocytes selective lysis in HORIBA Medical reagents. This thesis aimed to study the action of different surfactants on red blood cells in order to have a better understanding of surfactants/membrane interactions. The first project involved the observation and the characterization of saponins effects on erythrocytes by microscopic and spectrophotometric methods, in order to understand saponins selectivity regarding erythrocytes. We have thus demonstrated the participation of cholesterol, transporters such as band 3 and erythrocyte cytoskeleton during saponins lysis. In a second study, investigations have been performed in order to identify surfactants properties required to get a suitable erythrocyte lysing agent. We have chosen two surfactants families: non-ionic surfactants of the polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers series and anionic amino acid-based surfactants. These studies are focused on the relation between surfactants erythrolytic potency and some physico-chemical parameters such as the critical micellar concentration (CMC), the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB), the surfactants membrane / water partition coefficient (Kb) and the packing parameter (P). We have thus shown that the global consideration of all these physico-chemical parameters was necessary to predict surfactants interactions with the erythrocytes membrane. Finally, the lytic effects of surfactants on leukocytes were studied in flow cytometry to verify leukocytes integrity during different lysis. The results obtained in this thesis make possible the future development of hematological reagent for leukocytes differentiation
Bardakdjian, Josiane. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes moléculaires de l'instabilité de l'hémoglobine humaine." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120057.
Full textHamdoune, Faouzia. "Synthèses et évaluations des propriétés de fluorolipopeptides non ioniques monodispersés." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10497.
Full textDelay, Corinne. "Isolement, caractérisation et identification de saponines hémolytiques de gypsophila paniculata." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON13526.
Full textLenfant, François. "Etude de l'action antioxydante des anesthésiques locaux sur un modèle de globules rouges soumis à une agression radicalaire." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOMU04.
Full textMouneimne, Youssef. "Spectroscopie électrique en milieu biologique : étude du globule rouge : étude de l'hydratation des protéines." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10025.
Full textFrimat, Marie. "Lésions endothéliales liées à un défaut de contrôle du complément : de la génétique du complément au syndrome hémolytique et urémique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T067/document.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Brochot, Étienne. "La ribavirine dans le traitement de l'hépatite C chronique : mécanismes impliqués dans la mutagénèse et l'hémolyse." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIED008.
Full textThe current treatment of chronic hepatitis C is based on synergistic association between pegylated interferon and ribavirin and allows a sustained virological response in approximatively 60% of the patients. One of the mechanisms making it possible to explain this synergy is support by the mutagen effect of ribavirin. Our objective was first of all to evaluate this effect on the in vitro cell culture system of HCV (HCVcc: JFH-1). The nucleotidic analysis shows a significant increase in the mutation rate of NS5a at a ribavirin concentration of 50µM. At the peptide level, the selective pressure exerted by ribavirin, is characterized by two clusters obtained showing each one at least a specific change. Moreover the treatment by ribavirin modified the effectiveness of interferon. The inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) was lower for the viruses obtained after one month of ribavirin at a concentration of 50 µM. In the second time we were interested in the major undesirable effect of ribavirin: hemolysis. This side effect is very fluctuating from one patient to another. For this reason, the prediction of hemolysis before treatment is a major stake to optimize the answer to the treatment. By our hemolysis in vitro test developed and the quantification of the plasmatic proteins sulfhydryl, it seems possible to anticipate the fall of hemoglobin under treatment. We identified at the plasmatic level a good predictive marker of fall of the hemoglobin from more or less 3 g/dL during the treatment with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 80%. In conclusion, the mutagen effect of ribavirin already observed in other models (réplicon, poliovirus,…) would increase the sensitivity to IFN of the viral population obtained. It is thus probable that this mutagenesis can partly explain the synergistic action of ribavirin with interferon during the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. The prediction of the hemolysis under treatment could allow an optimization of current and future therapy with ribavirin in the field of chronic hepatitis C
Sadoudi, Sihem. "Implication des vésicules extracellulaires d'érythrocytes dans la dysfonction vasculaire drépanocytaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB161.
Full textPas de résumé
Alabdul, Magid Abdulmagid. "Étude chimique de deux Caryocar de Guyane et d'un Guioa de Nouvelle Calédonie." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr//exl-doc/GED00000169.pdf.
Full textThe @chemical investigation of fruits and stem barks of Caryocar glabrum and Caryocar villosum, as well as leaves of Guioa crenulata led us to identify 76 compounds, 53 of which possess new structures. The isolated compounds belong to eight families of secondary metabolites: 54 saponins, 4 glycosides of benzylic or phenolic alcohols, 3 galloylhamameloses, 2 glycosides of 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin, 5 derivatives of ellagic acid, 3 flavonoids, 1 trimeric tannin formed by three epicatechinic units, and 4 glycosides of farnesol. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, ESI-(MS)n and acid hydrolysis. In some cases, we have used circular dichroism to determine the configuration of asymmetric carbons. The influence of glucose and glucuronic acid on the hemolytic activity of saponins was evaluated. The toxic activity of methanol extracts of C. Glabrum and C. Villosum was evaluated by determination of lethal dose using brine shrimps (Artemia salina). The antiplasmodial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of fruits of C. Villosum and stem barks of C. Glabrum was measured. The dermocosmetic activity of some saponins which have hederagenin as aglycone, bidesmosides and galloylhamameloses was evaluated. The cytotoxic activity of ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Guioa crenulata was evaluated
Douet, Jean Paul. "Contribution à l'étude du pouvoir pathogène de Vibrio Parahaemolyticus : purification et caractérisation de l'hémolysine thermostable, étude de ses récepteurs, rôle d'une protéine se surface de la membrane externe dans le phénomène de l'adhesion." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28219.
Full textHaddadi, Mohammad. "Conception et développement dune turbine intracardiaque pour suppléer les insuffisances cardiaques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1179.
Full textObjectives: Despite much progress in medical-electrical management, some problems remain and several heart failure patients are still in a no option solution. In this way, artificial hearts as Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) have been developed. Despite evident benefits, several complications as thromboembolism, driveline infection, batteries dependency remain. ICOMS is a new LVAD concept mixing a fully intraventricular pump, heat rate-synchronized and connected with intracorporeal batteries. Methods and Results : It is expected to deliver 0.8 to 6.7 10-5 m3/s at rotational speeds of 733 to 942 rad/s over physiologic pressures and has a selected design point of 3.3 10-5 m3/s and 10.6 103 Pa . In this study, the axial blood pump with motor connected to impeller has been selected to numerical simulation. This selection is based on axial flow pump with different blade profile for each fluid region and studied on its performance such as efficiency, wall shear stress and considering effective operation for cardiac failure patients. In order to achieve the best result with the ANSYS software, k-ε turbulent model has been applied to obtain the flow characteristics from inducer inlet to straightener outlet of the pump. Numerical results show acceptable performance to deliver physiologic pressures with hydraulic efficiency of 10 to 37 % as well as acceptable maximum shear stress level along the blade tip surface of the impeller. The second part of the study is an experimental investigation where a prototype device was tested in a test bench circulation loop have shown that the pump could operate and improve the cardiac output of 1.7 to 6.7 10-5 m3/s. In vitro results converge to numerical results. For test vivo 6 sheep were operated for the LVAD implantation with the support of cardiopulmonary by-pass. The ICOMS was implanted into the LV apex. Several hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters were stored as well as in normal or pathological conditions and analyzed. Conclusion: We showed that the ICOMS could present a potential effect in the LV support reducing the heart failure criteria. As evidence, further experimentations are necessary to confirm our result and to optimize this new LVAD
Pietraszek, Wieslaw. "Contribution à l'étude des saponines chez la luzerne (M. Sativa L. ) : rôle antinutritionnel, variabilité génétique, aspects technologiques." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112288.
Full textThe study undertaken dealnig with a large genetical variability allowed the author to confirm the antinutritional effect of lucerne saponins on chickens. The varietal effects, sequence cropping, plant parts (leaves, stems, roots) have been analysed. The becoming of saponins during the industrial extraction process of proteins have been studied. The biological dosage methods available (Trichoderma, Tenebrio, hemolysis…) have been tried and compared : they are very well correlated and available for plant breeders to obtain genotypes with low content of saponins
Philp, Jane. "Etude de l'hémolyse et de l'absorption des protéines plasmatiques en plasmaphérèse membranaire à débit constant et pulsé." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD658.
Full textThis thesis has focused on the problems encountered during membrane plasmapheresis. These are specifically the causes of haemolysis and flux decline during membrane separations. The objective was to find what causes haemolysis in a filtering system and how the design of a module may affect the overall haemolysis. This thesis shows that haemolysis is due to the pressure gradient across the membrane and that by reducing fibber length the potential for haemolysis is reduced. The adsorption of plasma proteins onto the membrane surface was also investigated. It was shown that during steady blood flow conditions high levels of adsorption or trapping occurred and by introducing flow pulsations this level maybe minimised. A comparison between blood flow inside and outside the fibbers was made with respect to both filtration and haemolysis performances. It was found that with blood flow inside the fibbers haemolysis was lowest and filtration was highest. Having considered these factors a system of control was tested in vitro using bovine blood and flow pulsations. The system yielded a high filtration with very low haemolysis levels
Blaignon-Perbet, Christine. "Synthèse et évaluation de nouveaux agents tensioactifs F-alkylés dérivés d'acides aminés." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4126.
Full textRoka, Eszter. "Biocompatibility evaluation and synthesis of macrocyclic compounds." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1027/document.
Full textThe low solubility of drug candidates cause a major problem in pharmaceutical formulations, as the aqueous solubility is an indispensable criterion for appropriate bioavailability. Macrocyclic compounds possess a relatively hydrophobic cavity, which is suitable for guest molecule inclusion. Cyclodextrins and calixarenes are widely studied organic host-compounds, and CDs have already been used as pharmaceutical excipients for solubility enhancement. The macrocycles’ chemical structure allows their versatile modification, which eventuates changes not only in physicochemical characteristics, but in their effects on living organisms, as well. Thus, the biocompatibility evaluation of the derivatives is fundamental. Owing to the already performed assessment of numerous β-CD derivatives’ biocompatibility, the aim of this research was to extend these experiments to commercially available α-CDs. They have been used less frequently, however several derivatives, which have not been tested yet in vitro, have the possibility of future pharmaceutical use. Their importance is also certified by their benefits in nanoparticle formation. We have been interested in concrete structure-toxicity correlations, thus alkyl ether α-CD derivatives were synthetized bearing increasing length alkyl chains, in different positions. Para-sulphonato-calix[n]-arenes have already been widely examined due to their efficient drug complexation and versatile biological activity, however, their effects on paracellular transport mechanism have not been evaluated until now.The cell viability and hemolysis tests have allowed us to rank the α-CDs and to choose the safest derivatives, also to compare their toxic effects in different systems. The comparison of α- and β-CDs bearing the same chemical modifications highlighted the importance of the number of building units. Important information has been evaluated regarding the connection between the cytotoxic effect and the number of free hydroxyl groups. Derivatives with long alkyl chains possess low solubility, which led us towards further chemical modifications. Sulfonation seemed to have beneficial impact on the biocompatibility. Sulfonation also improved the solubility of calixarenes. C4S and C8S proved their positive effect on paracellular absorption in a non-toxic concentration range, however C6S had no similar effect, thus their behaviour in in vitro absorption model system arose forward-looking questions.Our research concludes, that the structural changes on the macrocyclic rings may have major impact on the biocompatibility. As the modification possibilities are practically unlimited, the evaluation of structure and activity cannot be avoided, facilitating the safest choice for further pharmaceutical use
A gyógyszerhatóanyagok rossz vízoldékonysága nagy kihívást jelent formulálásuk során, ugyanis a vízoldékonyság elengedhetetlen feltétele a megfelelő biohasznosulásnak. A makrociklusos vegyületek belső ürege viszonylag hidrofób, ez alkalmassá teszi őket vendégmolekulákkal való komplexképzésre. A ciklodextrinek és kalixarének széles körben tanulmányozott vegyületek, egyes CD-ek bejegyzett oldékonyságnövelő segédanyagok. A makrociklusok felépítése számos kémiai módosításra ad lehetőséget, amelyek nem csupán a fiziko-kémiai tulajdonságok változását eredményezik, hanem az élő organizmusokra kifejtett hatásokat is módosítják. Ezen származékok biokompatibilitás vizsgálata tehát elengedhetetlen. Számos β-CD származék biokompatibilitása ismert már, így kutatásunk célul tűzte ki ezen vizsgálatok α-CD-ekre történő kiterjesztését. Az α-CD-ek alkalmazása ritkább, azonban vannak származékok, amelyek in vitro vizsgálata még nem történt meg, de jelentőségük a nanopartikulum-képzésben már igazolt. A szerkezet-toxicitás összefüggések feltárása érdekében olyan alkil-éter CD származékokat szintetizáltunk, amelyek növekvő szénatomszámú alkil-csoportokkal rendelkeznek, eltérő pozíciókban. A para-szulfonáto-kalix[n]aréneket hatóanyag-komplexáló tulajdonságuk, valamint sokoldalú biológiai aktivitásuk miatt széles körben tanulmányozták már, azonban a paracelluláris anyagtranszportra gyakorolt hatásuk ezidáig még nem volt ismert. A sejtéletképességi és hemolízis vizsgálatok hozzásegítettek az egyes α-CD-ek rangsorolásához, továbbá a vegyületek különböző rendszerekben mért toxikussága is összevethetővé vált. A megegyező kémiai módosításokon átesett α- és β-CD-ek biokompatibilitása rávilágított a CD-gyűrű mértének jelentőségére. Egyértelmű összefüggést fedeztünk fel a toxicitás és a szabad hidroxil-csoportok száma között. A hosszú alkil-csoporttal rendelkező CD-ek rossz oldékonysága további kémiai módosításokat tett szükségszerűvé; a szulfát csoportok jelenléte jótékony hatással volt az oldhatóságra, és a citotoxicitásra is. A szulfatálás a kalixarének oldékonyságát is növelte. A C4S és C8S vegyületek növelték a paracelluláris felszívódás mértékét szubtoxikus koncentrációban, azonban a C6S nem mutatott hasonló hatást. Ezen eredmények további kérdéseket vetnek fel a pontos hatásmechanizmusról. Eredményeink rávilágítanak a makrociklusok szerkezetének és biokompatibilitásának összefüggéseire, valamint ezen ismeretek fontosságára annak érdekében, hogy minden formulációban a legbiztonságosabb segédanyagok legyenek alkalmazhatóak
Schischmanoff, Olivier. "Etude de l'interaction ankyrine-protéine bande 3 dans les sphérocytoses héréditaires." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P180.
Full textAl-Salihi, Arfan. "Contribution à l'étude du cinquième composant du complément (C5)." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES024.
Full textLatreuille-Milochau, Alexandra. "Purification d'une nouvelle classe de protéines antibactériennes, les fétidines, isolées chez l'annelide Eisenia fetida andrei : étude de leurs activités biologiques, caractéristiques biochimiques et séquence primaire : comparaison avec une protéine recombinante correspondant à un ADNc cloné dans Escherichia coli." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10533.
Full textMahmoud, Wael. "Déviation de la réponse immune à visée d'immuno-intervention à l'aide de proteines recombinantes hétérofonctionnelles." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00001024.pdf.
Full textCoulais, Catherine. "Trois modes de révélation atypiques de la maladie de Biermer : l'hémolyse, la thrombopénie, la polyglobulie primitive." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR2M043.
Full textDing, Luhui. "Étude des mécanismes physiques régissant la plasmaphérèse membranaire." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD042.
Full textLefebvre, Thibaud. "Approche systémique du rôle et de la régulation de l'hepcidine par la quantification de sa forme circulante : expression extra-hépatique dans l'obésité : discordance entre régulation systémique et expression locale dans la maladie de Gaucher. : protection vis-à-vis de la surcharge dans l'hémolyse." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC179.
Full textIron homeostasis is regulated by hepcidin, a negative iron regulator peptide, mainly produced by hepatocytes, which acts by inhibiting the intestinal iron absorption and its recycling by macrophages. This work proposes to highlight the interest of approach to the role and regulation of hepcidin in pathology, from its quantification in blood. After developing a tandem mass spectrometry assay and validating it in human and mice disease patterns, we studied iron metabolism disorders in several pathologies. In a mouse model of obesity, we showed that an increase of circulating hepcidin due to the adipose tissue contribution helps explaining phenotypes described in humans, iron deficiency and / or iron overload, while opening the prospect of a new regulatory pathway. However a decrease in intestinal iron absorption is partly independent of hepcidin. In Gaucher disease patients, the absence of modulation in serum hepcidin despite frequently high ferritinemia observed, revealed a local iron sequestration. Finally, the change in serum hepcidin levels in a chronic hemolysis mouse model, according to the genetic background, has illustrated the impact of circulating hepcidin on iron overload phenotype. Through these different applications we showed how quantification of serum hepcidin may help understanding iron homeostasis abnormalities in humans and animals
Coutable, Angelique. "Incorporation de protéines membranaires produites par un système d'expression protéique acellulaire dans des bicouches lipidiques planes." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0042/document.
Full textIntegral membrane proteins play an essential role in the cell integrity preservation (transport of nutrients and ions, signal transduction, cell-cell interaction). In order to study these proteins, they have to be produced in vitro. Classical production of integral membrane proteins in microorganisms present many difficulties associated with their complex structure and also toxicity problems, preventing production of many of them. Moreover, to be efficiently produced, these proteins require an amphiphilic environment. In order to overcome these difficulties, we used a cell-free protein expression system, unaffected by the physiology ofliving cells. In addition, we chose to integrate them into artificial planar lipid bilayers. In a first part, we have developed the integration of an integral membrane protein forming a pore, the alpha hemolysin, in a supported lipid bilayer. Some proteins require more space on each side of the membrane, therefore in a second part, we have developed a tethered lipid bilayer membrane by liposome fusion on gold surfaces. We demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate membrane protein Aquaporin Z under certain conditions. The third part is dedicated to the formation of biomimetic membranes using lipid molecules from Escherichiacoli, we show that the membrane composition do not affect the protein incorporation. Finally, we have tested alpha hemolysin membrane proteins insertion in suspended lipid bilayers membranes to show that these proteins produced by the cell-free expression system are functional
Didelon, Jacques. "Conception et réalisation d'un appareil de mesure de la résistance osmotique de la membrane de l'hématie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL121N.
Full textLizarralde, Iragorri Maria. "Impact of mechanical and oxidative stress on red blood cell properties in sickle cell disease." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC324.
Full textThe red blood cell is a simple cell with one of the most important functions in the organism, that is fulfilling the gas exchange function and delivering oxygen to the tissues. It is a highly elastic biconcave disk thanks to a network of specific skeletal and membrane proteins. The function and structure of the red cell are altered in several human pathologies like hemoglobinopathies and membrane disorders. Sickle cell disease is a genetic hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin that polymerizes under hypoxic conditions leading to the sickling and alteration of circulating red cells. The hallmarks of sickle cell disease are hemolytic anemia and painful vaso-occlusive crises due to the obstruction of fine capillaries.With the aim of better understanding the mechanisms behind these clinical manifestations we investigated the mechanical and adhesive properties of red blood cells from patients with sickle cell disease by assessing 1) the impact of repeated mechanical stress on red cell survival using a microfluidic device that mimic human microcirculation, and 2) the role of oxidative stress in the activation of erythroid adhesion proteins.We designed a microfluidic device that allowed us to show that mechanical stress is a critical parameter underlying intravascular hemolysis in sickle cell disease and that high intracellular levels of fetal hemoglobin protect against lysis. Furthermore, we found that treatment with hydroxyurea protects red blood cells from lysis upon mechanical stress even in the absence of fetal hemoglobin expression. On the other hand, we investigated the structure and function of the erythroid adhesion protein Lu/BCAM under oxidative conditions using biochemical and imaging approaches. We observed that oxidative stress activates the adhesive function of Lu/BCAM through post-translational modifications that alter its membrane distribution. We describe a novel mechanism that affects Lu/BCAM cis-interactions at the cell surface that might account for the abnormal adhesion of sickle red cells to laminin in the absence of phosphorylation events.In conclusion, we developed a microfluidic device replicating the physiological dimensions of human microvessels that allows assessing previously unexplored cellular characteristics in sickle cell disease. We show that repeated mechanical stress is partly responsible for hemolysis in patients with sickle cell disease, which might contribute to the high levels of oxidative stress because of free heme in the circulation. Our work demonstrates the importance of the mechanical dimension in the blockade of small capillaries and the critical contribution of oxidative stress in the abnormal adhesion of red cells in this disease. Improving red cell deformability and targeting oxidative stress to inhibit red cell adhesion would be promising strategies to target the main hallmarks of this pathology and alleviate the disease burden
Techer, Sophie. "Criblage d’activités biologiques de plantes endémiques ou indigènes de La Réunion - Recherche de molécules antivirales ciblant le virus du chikungunya." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0014/document.
Full textThe aims of this PhD work were to identify plants and/or molecules with cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or antiviral (chikungunya virus , CHIKV) activities in order to find therapeutic alternatives towards oxidative stress and inflammation, mechanisms involved in chronic noncommunicable diseases (diabetes, obesity ...), and chikungunya disease, reemerging vector-borne disease. The first part of this work presents the results obtained from a biological screening carried out on a selection of eighteen endemic and indigenous plants of La Réunion. The targeted activities were cytotoxicity on a human cell line (THP-1), antioxidant activities evaluated using an in cellulo hemolysis assay and four chemical tests (TEAC / DPPH / FRAP / ORAC) together with an evaluation of the content of phenolic compounds (FOLIN test) and anti-inflammatory activity tested in murine macrophages (RAW cells-BlueTM). The results allowed to highlight activities of different extracts in particular : cytotoxic for Carissa spinarum, antioxidant for Dryopteris wallichiana and Agarista buxifolia and anti-inflammatory for Stillingia lineata and Indigofera ammoxylum.The second part of this work is devoted to the phytochemical study of Stillingia lineata, an indigenous species of La Réunion chosen because of the results obtained in this preliminary biological screening and those carried out in Phytochik programme. Bioassay-guided fractionation performed on Vero cells (green monkey kidney cells Cercopithecus aethiops) infected with CHIKV led to the isolation of three rare macrocycle-type diterpenes called tonantzitlolone and a new pimarane. The 4'-acetoxytonantzitlolone was identified as a candidate molecule against CHIKV (EC50 = 7 μM). Structure-activity relationships have been defined, the presence of an oxygenated group on the side chain of tonantzitlolones seems to play an important role in the antiviral response of the diterpene skeleton