Academic literature on the topic 'HEMOPE (Organization)'

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de anemia em adolescentes (hemoglobina<12g/dL) em diferentes estágios de maturação sexual. MÉTADOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal com todos os adolescentes de quinta a oitava série em escola particular de São Paulo, por meio de dosagem de hemoglobina sangüínea (Hemocue®) e auto-avaliação para maturação sexual (fotos 5 estágios de Tanner), bem como indicadores sociais. Utilizou-se teste ''t'' de Student e teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis para comparação de médias e Qui-quadrado para associação entre variáveis (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Participaram desta pesquisa 118 alunos, sendo 66,9% do sexo feminino, com idade média 12,2±1,13 anos e 33,1% do masculino, com 12,0±1,18 anos. O nível médio de hemoglobina foi 13,2±1,08g/dL para meninas e 13,3±1,21g/dL para meninos (p>0,05). Observou-se aparente aumento do nível médio de hemoglobina com o desenvolvimento do adolescente. Detectou-se anemia em 11,0% dos adolescentes, a maioria na fase púbere, classificada como ''prevalência leve'' segundo a World Health Organization. Não foi encontrada associação entre indicadores sociais e anemia. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo apontou baixa prevalência de anemia, mas acima do esperado entre púberes de escola particular e indica tendência de aumento dos níveis de hemoglobina com o desenvolvimento sexual dos adolescentes. Devem ser realizados novos estudos de prevalência de anemia para se determinar sua causa entre adolescentes de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos.

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the neglected tropical diseases listed by world health organization. Parasitic infections among school going tribal children cause significant anaemia and malnutrition. Our study mainly focused on estimating the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and focused on iron deficiency anaemia among the tribal school going children.Methods: A prospective study for one year was conducted at a tertiary care hospital and study group was tribal children from hostels and schools. Ethical committee approval was obtained and study included collection of socio demographic data, anthropometric data, stool examination for intestinal parasitic infections, Hb% estimation by “Hemocue globinometer Hb 301 System” a portable hemometer for Hb estimation. S. iron, S. transferrin and Total iron binding capacity were also estimated. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 20 and analyzed. P value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: This 428 study participants with 66.36% boys and 33.64% girls were enrolled. The prevalence of parasitic infections was 42.06%. Protozoal infections were 41.11% when compared to helminthic infections (26.67%) and mixed infections in 32.22%. Entamoeba histolytica was the predominant protozoal parasite identified (30%) and Ascaris lumbricoides among the helminthic infection (13.3%). Presence of anaemia in the present study population was 11.21% and among the study group with parasitic infections it was 66.67%.Conclusion: To conclude, regular deworming practices, awareness regarding hand washing practices, iron and folic acid supplementation irrespective of nutritional status and health education could significantly reduce the incidence of anaemia associated with intestinal parasitic infections.

Background. In Sweden, both glucose analyzers in accredited laboratories and point-of-care glucose devices are used for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of the HemoCue Glucose 201+ (HC201+) and RT (HC201RT) systems with that of the hospital central laboratory hexokinase method (CL) based on lyophilized citrate tubes, using the isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ID GC-MS) as reference. Methods. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed on 135 women screened positive for GDM. Diagnosis was based on the World Health Organization 2013 diagnostic thresholds for fasting (n=135), 1 h (n=52), and 2 h (n=135) glucose measurements. Bland-Altman analysis and surveillance error grids were used to evaluate analytical and clinical accuracy. Results. Significantly more women were diagnosed with GDM by HC201+ (80%) and CL (80%) than with the reference (65%, P<0.001) based on fasting and/or 2 h thresholds, whereas the percentage diagnosed by HC201RT (60%) did not differ significantly from the reference. In Bland-Altman analysis, a positive bias was observed for HC201+ (4.2%) and CL (6.1%) and a negative bias for HC201RT (−1.8%). In the surveillance error grid, 95.9% of the HC201+ values were in the no-risk zone as compared to 98.1% for HC201RT and 97.5% for CL. Conclusions. A substantial positive bias was found for CL measurements resulting in overdiagnosis of GDM. Our findings suggest better performance of HC201RT than HC201+ in GDM diagnosis. The results may have possible implications for GDM diagnosis in Sweden and require further elucidation.

Background. Anemia defined as a low blood hemoglobin concentration is public health importance. The adolescence age group is the most neglected in public health and nutrition research as priorities are usually given to pregnant women, lactating mothers, and their children less than 2 years. Current Ethiopian Food and Nutrition policy included adolescent girls in the most at-risk group for nutritional demands; however, only a few published studies have assessed a deficiency of anemia and associated factors to tackle the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. Objective. To assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among high school adolescent girls in Jimma town. Methods. Data were collected from 528 secondary school adolescent girls by a school-based cross-sectional study design in Jimma town from 1/1/2019 to 1/2/2019, southwest Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A portable battery-operated HemoCue Hb 301+ analyzer was used to measure the hemoglobin level, and then reading was classified as normal Hb ≥ 12 g\dl and anemic if the hemoglobin value <12 g/dl based on the WHO 2011 recommended cutoff points after adjustments to altitude was made. Bivariate analysis at p value ≤0.25 was considered as a candidate for multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was done to control for confounders and to identify factors independently associated with anemia. Level of statistical significance was declared at p<0.05. Results. A total of 528 adolescent girls were included in the study yielding a response rate of 95.8%. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 26.7%, 95% CI (22.7, 30.50). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, those living separately from their family (AOR = 4.430, 95% CI (2.20, 8.90)), low dietary diversity score (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI (1.88, 6.75)), menstrual bleeding more than 5 days (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI (1.17, 4.33)), and low economic status (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI (1.17, 4.33)) were positively associated factors with anemia and only having at least a secondary school in mother’s educational status AOR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.18, 0.97) was negatively associated with anemia in the study area. Conclusion. Prevalence of anemia among school adolescent girls was moderate public health importance according to the World Health Organization prevalence estimation of anemia. The living condition of the adolescent girls, dietary diversity score, duration of menses, and low economic status were positive predictor variables, whereas mothers who are being secondary school and above was a protective factor for anemia. Therefore, iron-rich and diversified food consumption should be given attention.

Background. The Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014 report indicates that anemia among women in their reproductive age in the country stood at 42 percent, making it a severe public health problem according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. WHO Global Observatory data indicates that some sub-Saharan African countries have been able to reduce the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age compared to Ghana in 2016. To inform policy decisions, data from the Demographic and Health Surveys 2014–2018 were analyzed to determine the disparities in the prevalence of anemia and related factors among women of reproductive age in Ghana, Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, and Rwanda. Methods. This research utilized data from the Demographic and Health Surveys 2014, 2016, 2014-2015, 2015-2016, and 2016 from Ghana, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda, respectively. Respondents were women aged between 15 and 49 years. Hemoglobin levels were measured by HemoCue hemoglobin meter. 45,299 women data were extracted from the five countries with 4,644, 14,923, 6,680, 13,064, and 5,988 from Ghana, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda, respectively. Association between anemia and selected predictive variables was assessed using Pearson’s chi-square test statistic. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate the prevalence rate ratios of developing anemia. The deviance goodness of fit test was employed to test the fit of the Poisson model to the data set. Results. There was a statistically significant difference in prevalence of 1,962 (42.3%), 3,527 (23.6%), 1,284 (19.3%), 5,857 (44.8%), and 1,898 (31.7%) for Ghana, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda, respectively, χ 2 = 2,181.86 and p value < 0.001. Parity, pregnancy status, and contraceptives significantly increased the prevalence rate ratio of a woman developing anemia. Women in Ethiopia with a parity of six or more were 58% more likely to develop anemia than those with parity of zero. Tanzanian women who were pregnant had a 14% increased rate ratio of developing anemia. Factors that significantly decreased anemia in this study were wealth index, women’s age, and women’s highest level of education. Women who were in the higher education category in Ethiopia were 57% less likely to develop anemia. Ugandan women in the richest category of the wealth index were 28% less likely to develop anemia. Rwandan women in the middle category of the wealth index were 20% less likely to develop anemia. Women who were within the 45-49 age category in Ethiopia were 48% less likely to develop anemia. Conclusion. The individual country governments should encourage the implementation of increasing female enrollment in higher education. Women in their reproductive age should be encouraged to use modern contraceptives to reduce their anemia prevalence.

Abstract Abstract 4262 Anemia in children under 5 years of age, defined by the World Health Organization as a hemoglobin (hb) level < 11g/L, is a global public health problem, affecting a significant percentage of the world's children. In addition to its contribution to childhood mortality, the role of anemia in cognitive impairment and educational attainment is also well recognized. According to the 2000-01 Demographic Health Survey (DHS), the prevalence of anemia in Uganda was 64% among children <5, similar to other countries in the region. A subsequent 2006 DHS noted that the prevalence of anemia had increased to 72% in Uganda. Although it is estimated that nearly half of all cases of anemia are due to iron deficiency, the causes of anemia, which disproportionately affect children and pregnant woman, are multifactorial and include nutritional deficiencies and parasitic infections. In endemic regions, the causative role of malaria is particularly important. The 2009 Uganda Malaria Indicator Survey (UMIS) is a nationally representative household survey which collects demographic data and measurements of hemoglobin and testing for malaria in addition to coverage estimates of malaria prevention and control activities. Hemoglobin measurements were collected via the HemoCue®, a point of use test. Malaria was detected both by peripheral blood smear and via the rapid diagnostic test, Paracheck-Pf®, which detects the presence of histidine rich protein 2 (HRP2). For this analysis, we utilized the results of the rapid diagnostic test, which is characterized by high sensitivity but lower specificity as the tests detect HRP2 which persists in the bloodstream after clearance of the parasite. The UMIS collected data on household assets. Using principal component analysis, a wealth index was created and households were stratified into wealth quintiles. We analyzed data on hemoglobin levels (adjusted for altitude) among children under 5 years. We assessed various risk factors and performed both univariate and bivariate analyses. Those variable which were significantly associated with anemia (p <0.05) were included in the multivariate analysis. The UMIS utilized a two-stage sample design; 4,421 households were randomly selected (response rate 97.5%) from 170 clusters. Half (51%) of the sampled children were female and over 80% were between 12 and 59 months. Of the 4,065 children under 5 in the sample, hemoglobin measurements were obtained on 3,878 children (95%). Of these, 61% of children <5 had a hb level less than 11 g/L; nearly 10% were severely anemic with a hb less than 8 g/L. On bivariate analysis, anemia was more common in children between 12–59 months (p =.001), living in rural areas (p=.001), in households in the poorest wealth quintiles (p<.001), in those households having problems in satisfying their food needs (p<.001) and among those with concomitant malaria infection (p <.001). The prevalence of anemia among children who tested negative for malaria was 45% (versus 77% among those who tested positive). Maternal education was inversely associated with anemia (p=.009). Neither household size nor distance to the nearest health facility were associated with anemia. The sex of the child was also not associated with anemia. Using a logistic regression model, only simultaneous malaria infection (p <.001) and living in poorer households (p <.001) were associated with anemia. While the prevalence of anemia has decreased in Uganda since the most recent national household survey in 2006, the burden of anemia remains unacceptably high. In this analysis, the detection of malaria via Paracheck-Pf® was significantly associated with anemia. Clearly, malaria prevention and effective treatment measures have expanded and as such have reduced the prevalence of malaria during this interim. While these control efforts are likely responsible for the observed downward trend in anemia prevalence, such public health endeavors are unlikely to be sufficient to reduce the burden of anemia. Although the UMIS did not collect data on nutritional deficiencies, previous studies have documented the high percentage of anemia attributed to iron deficiency globally. Therefore, prevention of anemia via iron supplementation and antihelmintics, in conjunction with malaria prevention and treatment strategies, will likely be necessary to halt the global toll of anemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract Objectives We aimed to assess self-efficacy and the experience of depression-related emotions among non-pregnant adolescent and young women (15–23 years) living in rural Pakistan, and determine their association with measures of nutritional status. Methods Outcomes were assessed from the Matiari emPowerment and Preconception Supplementation (MaPPS) Trial baseline data (n = 25,279). Self-efficacy and depression-related emotions were determined and categorized using the general self-efficacy scale (low, moderate, and high) and DASS-21 tool (normal, mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe), respectively. Nutritional status was evaluated using hemoglobin concentration (HemoCue Hb 301 System) and body mass index (BMI). Associations were assessed using ordinal logistic regression, and multivariate models were adjusted for education, parity, wealth index, and clustering. Results The majority of participants were categorized as having moderate self-efficacy (50.6%) and experienced normal range depression-related emotions (76.3%). The mean hemoglobin concentration and BMI were 11.5 ± 1.9 g/dL and 20.2 ± 3.8 kg/m2, respectively. Each unit of increase in hemoglobin was associated with having higher self-efficacy (β = 0.018; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.005 to 0.031) and lower severe depression-like emotions (β = -0.018; 95% CI: -0.033 to -0.002). Similarly, BMI was associated with higher self-efficacy (β = 0.010; 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.017) and lower severe depression-like emotions (β = -0.014; 95% CI: -0.022 to -0.007). For all models, however, wealth index had a stronger effect on the outcomes of interest. Conclusions Poor nutritional status is suggested to be associated with behavioral organization and one's emotional state. In this setting with a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, we observed associations between lower hemoglobin and BMI with low self-efficacy and experiencing depressed mood, although the effect sizes were small. Findings may reflect potential confounding in the link between empowerment and mood, and poverty. Funding Sources Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, World Food Programme.

Abstract Background Anemia, the most common micro-nutrient deficiency disorder, is the world’s second leading cause of morbidity and morbidity, affecting 24.8% of the population, of which 47.4% are under-five children. The prevalence of anemia ranges from 44 to 56% in Ethiopia. Although its magnitude has shown decreases across regions; it continues to be a significant public health problem, particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia. Despite this evidence, the magnitude and associated factors of anemia was not systematically explored and there is a limited information or limited evidences in the study area. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of anemia among children aged 6–59 months attending at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Markos referral hospital Northwest Ethiopia from September 30 to December 30, 2019. Data on socio-demographic and socio-economic factors, health and nutritional features of children and their mothers were obtained using pre-tested structured questionnaires in a face-to-face interview with child care providers. Blood samples and stool examination for intestinal parasites were performed. Hemoglobin level was analyzed using the HemoCue device (HemoCueHb 301). The collected data were coded, cleared and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1, and analyzed using Stata version 14 software. To identify candidates and predictor variables, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied respectively. The significance level was determined at a confidence interval of 95% at p-value < 0.05. Results Of the total of 341 participants planned to be participated, about 310 mother-child pairs participated in the study, giving a response rate of 91%; and data were collected from children as well as their parents or guardians. In this study, the magnitude of anemia was 11.9% (95% CI, 8.5, 16.2%). Poor dietary diversity (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.14), food-insecure households (AOR = 3.24; 95% CI: 1.85, 4.52), complementary feeding initiation time (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI:1.23, 6.61), intestinal parasites infection (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI:1.23, 6.61) and family income (AOR = 2.87; 95% CI:1.57, 5.0) were found to be factors significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion Overall, anemia is considered a public health problem among children aged 6–59 months attending at Debre Markos referral hospital, based on the cut-off point of the World Health Organization. Poor dietary diversity, complementary feeding initiation time, household food insecurity, intestinal parasite infection and family income were significantly associated with childhood anemia. Thus, it needs for proven interventions in public health such as food diversification, anti-helmintic drug provision and household food security. In addition, educating women about nutrition and diet diversification, as well as involving them in alternative sources of income-generating activity, can be vital in the study area.

This chapter draws on ethnographic research in Kolkata and Delhi. It follows voluntary blood donor organizations seeking to convey to the janata (people) that the body produces more blood than it needs and that a portion of this excess blood can be given without the body losing anything. This is an insight at odds with conventional understandings of blood excorporation in the region as involving irrecuperable loss, understandings that inform continuing perceptions of blood donation as a sacrificial gesture. To give blood without risking irrecuperable loss would seem to fundamentally undercut the gesture of blood donation as sacrifice. An imagination of blood as excess and surplus thus involves the antisacrificial redescription of blood donation.

Esta propuesta de investigación parte del problema que genera la hegemonía del mecanismo capitalista sobre las diversidad de matrices políticas, constriñendo su poder y efectividad ante los problemas sociales y ecológicos globales. La pregunta que nos hacemos es ¿Cómo podrían los poderes políticos dar una respuesta eficaz a dichos problemas?Planteamos como hipótesis que es posible invertir la figura y dar forma a una matriz política con unos principios éticos políticos y comunes, pero que permita diferentes modelos y mecanismos de organización social y económica. Y que, para ello, podemos aplicar algunas de las ideas del utopismo clásico. La siguiente metodología empleada consiste en analizar los textos y analizar las ideas políticas que permitirían la creación de una matriz política y las que no. Como resultado nos hemos encontrado con la dificultad inicial de que que los modelos clásicos aparecen como perfectos y homogéneos, lo cual está en contra de la propia diversidad humana y del objetivo que se pretende conseguir. Sin embargo, hemos descubierto en dichos modelos utópicos ideas constructivas que admiten la diversidad, la pluralidad y el desacuerdo. Entre otros se estudian los siguientes conceptos: prevalencia de la racionalidad, esencialidad jurídica, organización modular, origen común de la propiedad y trascendencia abierta. Posteriormente se desarrollan dichos conceptos dentro del contexto político actual. Bibliografía fundamentalLaclau, E. &amp; Mouffe, C. (2001). Hegemony and socialist strategy. New York, NY: Verso.Moro, T., Campanella, T., Bacon, F. (2012). Utopías del Renacimiento. Madrid: Fondo de Cultura Económica

Resumen: Se trata de imaginamos en la piel de un empleado de Le Corbusier al que se le encomienda la misión de pasar a limpio unos croquis relativos al proyecto de una casa. Los croquis mencionados son realizados por Le Corbusier en 1942, durante su estancia en Argel, y hacen referencia a una casa diseñada para una propiedad agrícola cerca de la Montaña Chenoua perteneciente a la familia Peyrissac. Disponemos de dichos croquis gracias a la Fundación Le Corbusier y también contamos con la información ofrecida por La Œuvre Complète, aunque en su mayoría consiste en una selección de los mismos dibujos acompañados de algunas notas aclaratorias. Por razones de operatividad se ha optado por recurrir a la tecnología actual, de esta manera todos los dibujos han sido realizados por ordenador. Básicamente nos hemos centrado en una serie de dibujos, que consideramos son los últimos cronológicamente hablando y que representan la planta baja, primera y de cubiertas, una sección transversal de la casa, y sendas axonometrías. También hemos prestado atención al resto de la documentación existente, especialmente a los dibujos que hacen referencia a la implantación de la casa en su entorno, a la organización global y al programa de necesidades, así como cualquier información concreta sobre dimensiones. Hemos insertado la casa en la parcela original, previa búsqueda de la misma, hemos dibujado la planta baja, la planta primera, y una sección transversal, todo ello atendiendo a la información prestada por los dibujos originales del maestro. Como ejercicio hemos dibujado una hipótesis de detalle constructivo de cubiertas. Abstract: It is imagined to be a Le Corbusier employee who is commissioned to draft a house based on some original drawings. These drawings are made by Le Corbusier in 1942, during his stay in Algeria, and refer to a house designed for an agricultural property near the Mountain Chenoua which belongs to Peyrissac family. The original drawings have been provided by Le Corbusier Foundation. Also, The Œuvre Complète provides information for this project, although mostly consists of a selection of the same drawings accompanied by some explanatory notes. For operational reasons it is decided to use current technology, so all drawings have been made by computer. Basically it has been focused on a series of drawings, which it is believed are the last ones and represent the ground, first floor plan and the roof, also a cross-section of the house, and two axonometrics. It has been paid attention to other existing documentation, especially drawings that refer to the implementation of the house in its surrounding, the organization and the program requirements, as well as any specific information about dimensions. The house has been inserted in the original plot and the ground floor, first floor, and a cross section have been drawn, based on the information provided by the original drawings of the Master. As an exercise, a hypothetical construction detail of the roof has been drawn. Palabras Clave: Le Corbusier; Peyrissac; Chenoua; Argel; Croquis; Casa. Keywords: Le Corbusier; Peyrissac; Chenoua; Argel; Sketch; House. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.680