Academic literature on the topic 'Hemorrhagic colitis'

Aim. To study the clinical and epidemiological features of acute intestinal infections associated with hemorrhagic colitis in children. Methods. The clinical and epidemiological features of hemorrhagic colitis were studied in 70 children with acute intestinal infections aged from 1 month to 14 years who were admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Kazan, Russia. The following stool tests were performed: single bacteriology test for pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microbiota, rotavirus antigen detection by latex agglutination, campylobacter DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction and microscopy to detect protozoa. Results. Hemorrhagic colitis was present mainly in infants (56 children, 80%), the main reasons for hemorrhagic colitis were: Salmonella enteritidis - 12 (17.1%) children, Campylobacter - 6 (8.6%) children, Klebsiella pneumoniae - 6 (8.6%) children. There were single cases of hemorrhagic colitis associated with Shigella, Enterobacter, S. aureus, Ps. aeruguinosa and E. hystolitica. The diagnosis of Campylobacter infection was based on the detection of the DNA but not the bacteria itself like in other acute intestinal infections. The majority of hemorrhagic colitis cases (52 children, 74.3%) were registered in spring and summertime. Hemorrhagic colitis was moderately severe and manifested as traces of blood and mucus in stool. Hemorrhagic colitis usually lasted up to 3 days in majority of children. Conclusion. The main reasons for acute intestinal infections associated with hemorrhagic colitis were: Salmonella enteritidis, Campilobacter and Klebsiella pneumonia, hemorrhagic colitis was most common in infants in spring and summertime.

Escherichia coli é um microrganismo presente no trato intestinal do homem e de animais de sangue quente, fazendo parte da microbiota, coexistindo sem causar danos ao hospedeiro. No entanto, algumas linhagens desse microrganismo podem ser patogênicas e causar doenças tanto ao homem como aos animais. E. coli produtoras de toxina de Shiga (STEC), consideradas patógenos de origem alimentar, podem causar desde diarréias brandas até severas e sanguinolentas a complicações graves, como colite hemorrágica (HC), síndrome urêmica hemolítica (HUS) e púrpura trombótica trombocitopênica (TTP). O gado é considerado um importante reservatório deste patógeno e a contaminação de seres humanos ocorre, na maioria das vezes, através do consumo de alimentos ou água contaminados. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a ocorrência de E. coli O157:H7 e outras STEC em amostras de couro de animais bovinos e de suas respectivas carcaças, na etapa de pré-evisceração, e meia-carcaças, na etapa de pós-evisceração; identificar os genes que codificam para os fatores de virulência (stx1 , stx2, eaeA e ehxA) dos isolados obtidos; evidenciar cepas de E. coli O157:H7 através da pesquisa do gene uidA; identificar os sorotipos dos isolados; verificar a citotoxicidade dos isolados de STEC em células Vero e avaliar a sensibilidade a diferentes antibióticos. De 198 animais amostrados, sete (3,5%) apresentaram cepas de STEC. Em seis (3%) destes, STEC foi detectada no couro e em um (0,5%) foi isolada de meia-carcaça, não tendo sido detectada em amostras de carcaça. As 23 cepas isoladas do couro apresentaram o perfil stx2, eaeA, uidA e ehxA, podendo ser consideradas E. coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC), e a isolada de meia carcaça apresentou o perfil stx2, uidA e ehxA. Das 24 cepas isoladas, 13 (54,2%) pertenciam ao sorotipo O157:H7. Além deste sorotipo, foram isoladas cepas de outros sorotipos previamente descritos e associados a doenças humanas severas no Brasil e em outros países, como O174:H21, O6:H49, ONT:H7, ONT:H8 e OR:H10. Dos sete animais com cepas positivas para stx2e ehxA, cinco (71,4%) apresentaram cepas com atividade citotóxica em células Vero e um (14,2%) apresentou cepas positivas na avaliação da produção de entero-hemolisina. Com relação ao teste com antibióticos, quatro (16,7%) das 24 cepas testadas apresentaram resistência a um ou mais antibióticos, sendo três (12,5%) a estreptomicina e uma (4,2%) a estreptomicina e ampicilina. Diante destes resultados, pode-se dizer que a produção de entero-hemolisina e a pesquisa dos genes ehxA e uidA não demonstraram ser bons marcadores na pesquisa do sorotipo O157:H7. A presença de cepa de STEC na meia-carcaça alerta para a necessidade de vigilância da presença destes microrganismos, uma vez que eles poderiam contaminar o produto final, colocando em risco a saúde do consumidor.
Escherichia coli is a microorganism present in the intestinal tract of humans and warm-blood animals, being part of the normal microbiota and harmless to the host. However, some strains are able to cause human and animal infections. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), regarded as foodborne pathogens, can cause since mild or severe and bloody diarrhea to major complications, such as hemorrhagic colitis (HC), hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Cattle are considered the main reservoir of this pathogen and the transmission to humans happens, most of the times, due to the consumption of contaminated food or water. The aim of the present research was to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 and other STEC on hide samples of beef cattle and on their corresponding carcasses, sampled prior to evisceration, and half-carcasses, sampled after evisceration; identity the genes that code for the virulence factors (stx1, stx2, eaeA e ehxA) of the isolates; detect E. coli O157:H7 strains using the gene uidA as epidemiological marker; identify the serotypes of the STEC isolates; verify the citotoxicity of the isolates in Vero cells and evaluate their resistance to different antibiotics. From 198 animals sampled, seven (3.5%) carried STEC strains. In six (3%) of them, STEC was detected on hide and in one (0.5%) it was isolated from half-carcass. The 23 strains isolated from hide presented the profile stx2, eaeA, uidA e ehxA, and were regarded as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), and the one isolated from half-carcass presented the profile stx2, uidA e ehxA. From the 24 isolated strains, 13 (54.2%) belonged to the serotype O157:H7. Besides this serotype, other strains belonging to serotypes that have been previously described and associated with severe human infections in Brazil and other countries, such as O174:H21 , O6:H49, ONT:H7, ONT:H8 and OR:H10, were isolated. From seven animals with strains harboring stx2, and ehxA, five (71.4%) presented verocytotoxigenic strains and one (14.2%) presented enterohemolisin producing strains. Regarding the antibiotics tested, four (16.7%) of the 24 isolated strains were resistant to some antibiotic, being three (12.5%) to streptomycin and one (4.2%) to streptomycin and ampicilin. Faced with these results, the production of enterohemolisin and the search of the genes ehxA and uidA can not be considered good epidemiological markers for the serotype O157:H7. The isolation of STEC strain from the half-carcass alerts for the need of surveillance on the presence of these microorganisms, since they may contaminate the final product, representing a risk to consumers health.

Infectious colitis is diarrhea with evidence of colonic inflammation by visualization (colonoscopy), history (blood or mucus in the stool), or laboratory evidence (high lactoferrin). Infectious colitis is associated with direct bacterial or indirect bacterial toxin invasion of the colonic mucosa, leading to toxicity, volume loss, hemorrhage, and colonic inflammation. The most important treatment is adequate hydration, but treatment also may include loperamide (useful in patients without fever or bloody stools) and antibiotics in individuals with evidence of colitis (although not for mild to moderate diarrhea without colitis). In any individual with diarrhea, address recent travel history, possible immunosuppression, the presence of blood or mucus in the stool, and any history of vomiting or severe abdominal pain. Therapy should be focused on maintaining adequate hydration and not missing potentially dangerous etiologies. Intravenous hydration can be used for those with moderate to severe dehydration with supplemental oral hydration solutions if discharge is possible.

Reports suggest that there is a tendency towards hypercoagulability in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, few reports deal with factor XIII which plays an important role in the wound healing process.In the present study, 8 coagulation parameters including factor XIII activity were determined in 5 patients with UC at the active stage and in 15 patients at remission. A comparison of the two groups shows that, in the active-stage patients, the levels of factor XIII activity were significantly lower, platelets and fibrinogen higher, and the PT prolonged.Furthermore, Factor XIII concentrate (Fibrogammin P ) was administered to 4 patients with active-stage UC and abdominal symptoms. Here, the symptoms (i.e. abdominal pain, melaena, diarrhea, etc.) disappeared in accordance with the increase in factor XIII activity. Endoscopyprevealed that treatment with factor XIII concentrate (Fibrogammin P ) had a beneficial effect on mucosal edema, redness and hemorrhage as well as on healing of erosions and ulcars.The results suggest that the level of factor XIII activity is a remarkably good measure of the severity of UC and that administration of factor XIII concentrate may be useful for treatment.