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Journal articles on the topic 'Hennops River Valley (South Africa)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hoffman, M. T., and R. M. Cowling. "Desertification in the lower Sundays River Valley, South Africa." Journal of Arid Environments 19, no. 1 (July 1990): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)30834-6.

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2

Kirchner, J., J. H. Moolman, H. M. du Plessis, and A. G. Reynders. "Causes and Management of Salinity in the Breede River Valley, South Africa." Hydrogeology Journal 5, no. 1 (January 1997): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400050126.

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3

Cash, Corrine, and Larry Swatuk. "Integrated Development Planning in South Africa: Lessons from the Dwars River Valley." Urban Forum 22, no. 1 (November 25, 2010): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-010-9107-4.

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4

Motteux, N., E. NeI, K. Rowntree, and T. Binns. "Exploring community environmental knowledge through participatory methods in the Kat River valley, South Africa." Community Development Journal 34, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/34.3.227.

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5

Hallinan, Emily, and John Parkington. "Stone Age landscape use in the Olifants River Valley, Clanwilliam, Western Cape, South Africa." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 52, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 324–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2017.1365438.

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6

Shackleton, Charlie M., and Sheona E. Shackleton. "Household wealth status and natural resource use in the Kat River valley, South Africa." Ecological Economics 57, no. 2 (May 2006): 306–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.04.011.

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7

Madigele, Patricia Kefilwe. "The Economics of Institutions, Equity, Efficiency and Effectiveness: The Case of Water Distribution in Lower Sundays River Valley, South Africa." Environment and Natural Resources Research 7, no. 2 (May 31, 2017): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v7n2p98.

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Water supply disruptions are prevalent in various parts of South Africa. The Lower Sundays River Valley is not an exception. However, there is currently no physical shortage of water in the catchment. This study defines institutional arrangements and dynamics in the water sector in South Africa, using the Lower Sunday River Water Users Association as the case study. Key informant interviews reveal that relevant stakeholders are not adequately represented in management committees. Such institutional arrangement vacuums can lead to a failure of the water institutions in the catchment to provide water resources effectively.

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8

Zietsman, J., L. L. Dreyer, and L. Mucina. "Floristic links between the West Coast and South Coast (South Africa) — Is the Breede River Valley a migration route?" South African Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (April 2008): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.167.

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9

Krige, J., L. L. Dreyer, and L. Mucina. "Floristic links between the West Coast and South Coast (South Africa) - is the Breede River Valley a migration route?" South African Journal of Botany 75, no. 2 (April 2009): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.02.071.

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10

Sampson, C. G. "Chronology and dynamics of Later Stone Age herders in the upper Seacow River valley, South Africa." Journal of Arid Environments 74, no. 7 (July 2010): 842–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.11.001.

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11

Duncan, G. "Five new species of Lachenalia (Hyacinthaceae) from arid areas of Namibia and South Africa." Bothalia 28, no. 2 (October 6, 1998): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v28i2.630.

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Five new species of Lachenalia are described: L. nutans G.D.Duncan from southwestern Namibia, L. attenuata W.F.Barker ex G.D Duncan from the Roggeveld Plateau. Little Karoo and southern Cape; L doleritica G.D.Duncan from the Bokkeveld Plateau; L lactosa G.D.Duncan from the Lowland Fvnbos of the Hermanus District, and L leipoldtii G D Duncan from the Olifants River Valley and Little Karoo

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12

Lotter, Matt Geoffrey, and Kathleen Kuman. "The Acheulean in South Africa, with announcement of a new site (Penhill Farm) in the lower Sundays River Valley, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Quaternary International 480 (June 2018): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.08.065.

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13

Braack, Leo, Riana Bornman, Taneshka Kruger, Yael Dahan-Moss, Allison Gilbert, Maria Kaiser, Shüné V. Oliver, et al. "Malaria Vectors and Vector Surveillance in Limpopo Province (South Africa): 1927 to 2018." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 4125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114125.

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Despite the annual implementation of a robust and extensive indoor residual spraying programme against malaria vectors in Limpopo Province (South Africa), significant transmission continues and is a serious impediment to South Africa’s malaria elimination objectives. In order to gain a better understanding regarding possible causes of this residual malaria, we conducted a literature review of the historical species composition and abundance of malaria vector mosquitoes in the Limpopo River Valley region of the Vhembe District, northern Limpopo Province, the region with the highest remaining annual malaria cases in South Africa. In addition, mosquito surveys were carried out in the same region between October 2017 and October 2018. A total of 2225 adult mosquitoes were collected using CO2-baited tent and light traps, human landing catches and cow-baited traps. Of the 1443 Anopheles collected, 516 were members of the An. gambiae complex and 511 An. funestus group. In the malaria endemic rural areas outside the Kruger National Park, one specimen each of An. gambiae s.s. and An. funestus and only three of An. arabiensis were collected. The latter species was abundant at a remote hot spring in the neighboring Kruger National Park. Eighteen other species of Anopheles were collected. Our survey results support the historical findings that An. arabiensis, the species widely held to be the prime malaria vector in South Africa, is a rare species in the malaria endemic Limpopo River Valley. The implications of the mosquito surveys for malaria transmission, elimination and vector control in northern Limpopo Province and neighboring regions are discussed.

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14

PERKINS, PHILIP D. "New species and new collection records of Prosthetopine water beetles from southern Africa (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)." Zootaxa 1864, no. 1 (September 3, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1864.1.1.

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New species of Hydraenidae are described in the genera Prosthetops Waterhouse (1), Pterosthetops Perkins (1), Parasthetops Perkins & Balfour-Browne (13), and Mesoceration Janssens (24). New collecting locality data are given for the following species described by Perkins & Balfour-Browne (1994): Parasthetops aeneus, P. nigritus, P. spinipes, P. curidius, Mesoceration distinctum, M. rivulare, M. jucundum, M. splendorum, M. rubidum, M. fusciceps, M. languidum, M. dissonum, M. rufescens, and M. brevigranum. High resolution digital images of the holotypes of new species are presented (online version in color), and male genitalia are illustrated. Distribution maps are provided for all prosthetopine species in the genera Prosthetops, Pterosthetops, Parasthetops, and Mesoceration. The following 39 new species are described (type locality in South Africa unless otherwise given): Prosthetops gladiator (Eastern Cape Province, summit of Prentjiesberg); Pterosthetops hawequas (Western Cape Province, Hawaquas radio tower); Parasthetops benefossus(Western Cape Province, Wiedouw farm), P. buunicornus (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. confluentus (Eastern Cape Province, Little Karroo, Baviaanskloof N valley), P. lemniscus (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. namibiensis (Namibia: Windhoek, Eros Mt.), P. pampinus (Western Cape Province, Dorps River into Prins Albert, Swartbergpas), P. parallelus (Northern Cape Province, Richtersveld, Oemsberg), P. propitius (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. retinaculus (Eastern Cape Province, Sundays River system, Letskraal), P. sebastiani (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), P. semiplanus (Eastern Cape Province, Sundays River system, Letskraal), P. striatus (Northern Cape Province, Namaqualand, Kamieskroon), P. unicornus (Eastern Cape Province, Naudes Nek, 12 miles ENE Rhodes); Mesoceration barriotum (Western Cape Province, Cape-Swartberg, Seweweekspoort Kloof), M. bicurvum (Eastern Cape Province, Wildebees River), M. bispinum (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Weza, Impetyene Forest), M. compressum (Eastern Cape Province, S. coast, Dwesa forest reserve), M. concavum (Mpumalanga Province, Blyderiver Canyon), M. curvosum (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Umtamvuna River), M. disjunctum (Eastern Cape Province, Nature's Valley Reserve), M. drakensbergensis (Lesotho, Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), M. durabilis (Western Cape Province, 2 miles SW of Citrusdal), M. granulovestum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. incarinum (Lesotho, Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), M. integer (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Busheladi Stream on Lundy's Hill near Deepdale), M. littlekarroo (Western Cape Province, Little Karroo, Rus-en-vredewaterf), M. longipennis (Western Cape Province, W. Wiedouw farm), M. maluti (Lesotho, Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), M. natalensis (KwaZulu-Natal Province, Umkomaas River, where crossed by Himeville to Impendhle road), M. periscopum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. piceum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. rapidensis (Western Cape Province, S. W. Cape Mts., Hawequas SE), M. repandum (Western Cape Province, Cederberg, Eikenboom), M. reticulatum (Western Cape Province, Nuweberg Forest Station), M. semicarinulum (Western Cape Province, Groot Toren farm), M. tabulare (Western Cape Province, Platteklip Gorge, north face of Table Mountain), M. umbrosum (Western Cape Province, Wiedouw farm).

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15

Pryke, J. S., and M. J. Samways. "Current control of phytosanitary insect pests in table grape vineyards of the Hex River Valley, South Africa." African Entomology 15, no. 1 (March 2007): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4001/1021-3589-15.1.25.

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16

Crouch, Neil R., and Mario Martinez-Azorin. "Drimia edwardsii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new urgineoid species from the Mkhomazi River Valley of eastern South Africa." Phytotaxa 195, no. 2 (January 23, 2015): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.195.2.2.

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A new species endemic to South Africa, Drimia edwardsii, is described and illustrated, with data provided on its morphology, ecology and distribution. The species appears to be closely related to Drimia delagoensis and Urginea lydenburgensis, and whereas all are synanthous and produce small, pale-brownish campanulate flowers, several leaf and bulb features clearly distinguish the new species.

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17

Humphreys, A. J. B., and A. G. Morris. "The Skeletons of Contact: A Study of Protohistoric Burials from the Lower Orange River Valley, South Africa." South African Archaeological Bulletin 47, no. 156 (December 1992): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3889217.

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18

CROUCH, NEIL R., and DAVID G. A. STYLES. "Turraea tugelensis, a new species of Turraea sect. Nurmonia (Meliaceae) from South Africa." Phytotaxa 460, no. 2 (September 23, 2020): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.2.3.

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A new Turraea species, Turraea tugelensis is described from along the margins of woodland in the lower Tugela River valley in eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This vicariant species is in Turraea sect. Nurmonia, and allied to the herbaceous suffruticose species T. pulchella and T. streyi, from which it is separable on both vegetative and sexual characteristics.

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19

Jacobs, Nancy. "The Flowing Eye: Water Management in the Upper Kuruman Valley, South Africa, c. 1800–1962." Journal of African History 37, no. 2 (July 1996): 237–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700035210.

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This paper considers the intensification of agriculture along racial lines in South Africa by looking at the history of one spring and nine miles of river valley. It illustrates how racial conflict included struggles over nature, and how whites and blacks had different perceptions and abilities regarding its exploitation.The ‘Eye’ of Kuruman is a large spring in a semi-arid region. Tswana herders originally used it as a water hole. Their food production system was extensive, making use of wide areas rather than increasing output in a limited area. Pastoralism was more important than agriculture. Irrigation, introduced by representatives of the London Missionary Society, was not widely practiced away from the missions until a subsistence crisis during the 1850s. It continued after the crisis passed. However, households continued to operate with the logic of extensive production, fitting irrigation into the pre-existing system.In 1885, tne British annexed the region as part of the Crown Colony of British Bechuanaland. They demarcated African reserves at springs and in river valleys, and grazing lands were opened for white settlement. The upper Kuruman valley was designated a Crown reserve and the Eye became a town site. Downstream were Tswana households which cultivated with less security than on a native reserve. Land alienation with rinderpest devastated stock keeping and caused a widespread famine at the turn of the century, yet Tswana cultivators did not greatly intensify their use of irrigable lands. More extensive methods endured and wage labor became the basis of support.In the twentieth century under Union government, use of the Eye intensified, and access to the valley became segregated by race. After 1918 the municipality of Kuruman operated a modern irrigation project, and in 1919, evicted black cultivators living at the Eye. Blacks continued to live and garden at Seodin, five miles downstream, but suffered water shortages which made even their casual irrigation impossible. Political expediency dictated against their pressing for water rights. In the 1940s the Department of Native Affairs drilled boreholes, but these were not sufficient to sustain cultivation. In 1962, the policy of Apartheid mandated the removal of blacks from Seodin. Despite state aid, the whites-only irrigation project never developed into a commercial success.

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20

Clifford-Holmes, Jai K., Carolyn G. Palmer, Chris J. de Wet, and Jill H. Slinger. "Operational manifestations of institutional dysfunction in post-apartheid South Africa." Water Policy 18, no. 4 (January 29, 2016): 998–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.211.

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At the centre of the water law reform process initiated by the first democratic government of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) lay the challenge of transforming away from apartheid water injustices. Reform culminated in the promulgation of new legislation, regarded internationally as ambitious and forward-thinking legislation reflective of the broad aims of integrated water resource management (IWRM). However, implementation of this legislation has been challenging. This paper analyses institutional dysfunction in water management in the Sundays River Valley Municipality (Eastern Cape Province, RSA). A transdisciplinary approach is taken in addressing the failure of national law and policy to enable the delivery of effective water services in post-apartheid RSA. A case study is used to explore interventions to promote effective water supply, locating these interventions and policies within the legislative structures and frameworks governing the water sector. We suggest that fine-grained institutional analysis together with learning from persistent iterative, adaptive practice, with principled goals intact, offers a pragmatic and achievable alternative to grand-scale policy change.

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21

Perkins, Jeremy Simon. "Take me to the River along the African drought corridor: Adapting to climate change." Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37106/bojaas.2020.77.

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This paper brings together a wide range of concepts from climate change predictions, palaeoecology, wildlife ecology and sustainable livelihoods in order to prioritise adaptive management measures that are necessary for the conservation of the African megafauna. Climate change predictions emphasise the severe aridity that will surge into southern Africa later this century and must be contrasted with the relatively wetter conditions in eastern Africa. The evolution of African mammals and their adaptive responses to past episodes of climate change is explained by reference to range shifts and movements along Balinsky’s (1962) ‘drought corridor’ that extends from SW Africa northeastwards to Somalia and then westwards across the Saharan-Sahelian zone. The drought corridor today could potentially extend from Kenya southwestward through to Botswana/South Africa and Namibia, via connectivity corridors linking existing wildlife areas, forming the Kalahari-Rift Valley Transfrontier Conservation Landscape (KALARIVA TFCL). The most promising route along the drought corridor links the Chobe – Linyanti – Kwando river systems of Botswana/Namibia with Luangwa Valley in Northern Zambia, along the Zambezi River via Lake Kariba (Matsudonna and Mana Pools) in Zimbabwe. Malawi poses an absolute barrier to such connectivity and by the turn of this Century runs the risk of confining the area to the south almost entirely to the SW arid adapted fauna and that to the north to water dependent ungulates such as elephants, buffalo and zebra. The key movement corridors are identified in a bid to extend the spatial and temporal scale of conservation planning in order to adapt effectively to climate change. The importance of ‘co-existence’ between wildlife and people is emphasised together with the need for local communities to benefit from sharing the KALARIVA TFCL with African wildlife, via new models of conservation financing and management that reward rural African communities for being the true custodians of the African megafauna.

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22

Cousins, Thomas. "Conserved spaces, ancestral places: conservation, history and identity among farm labourers in the Sundays River Valley, South Africa." Anthropology Southern Africa 41, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23323256.2018.1442731.

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23

HILL, T. R., N. MOTTEUX, E. L. NEL, and G. PAPALOIZOU. "INTEGRATING RURAL COMMUNITY AND EXPERT KNOWLEDGE THROUGH APPLIED PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL IN THE KAT RIVER VALLEY, SOUTH AFRICA." South African Geographical Journal 83, no. 1 (March 2001): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2001.9713713.

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24

Munro, Samantha A., Gavin C. G. Fraser, Jen D. Snowball, and Markus Pahlow. "Water footprint assessment of citrus production in South Africa: A case study of the Lower Sundays River Valley." Journal of Cleaner Production 135 (November 2016): 668–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.142.

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25

DUNCAN, GRAHAM. "Two new species, two rediscoveries and a range extension in Lachenalia (Asparagaceae: Scilloideae) from southern and western South Africa." Phytotaxa 316, no. 3 (August 8, 2017): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.316.3.5.

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Two recently discovered species of Lachenalia from South Africa, Lachenalia barbarae from the Overberg district of the Western Cape and Lachenalia adamii from the Bokkeveld escarpment of the Northern Cape, are described. In addition, details of the rediscovery of two species previously thought to be possibly extinct in the wild, Lachenalia martleyi from the Overberg district in the Western Cape and Lachenalia macgregoriorum from the Bokkeveld plateau in the Northern Cape, are provided, as well as a range extension for the critically endangered Lachenalia moniliformis from the Breede River Valley in the Western Cape.

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26

Retief, E., S. J. Siebert, and A. E. Van Wyk. "A new species of Euclea (Ebenaceae) from ultramafic soils in Sekhukhuneland, South Africa, with notes on its ecology." Bothalia 38, no. 1 (August 14, 2008): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v38i1.258.

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Euclea sekhukhuniensis Retief, Siebert A.E.van Wyk. a new species with a restricted range in Sekhukhuneland, South Africa, is described, illustrated and compared with other members of the genus. It is a gregarious geoxylic sufthitex forming large, much-branched colonies. The species is closely related to the small tree/shrub E. linearis Zeyh. ex Hiem from which it can be distinguished by its larger fruits, broader leaves and exclusively suffrutex growth form. Geographical range and habitat preference also differ between the two taxa. E. sekhukhuniensis is endemic to the Sekhukhuneland Centre of Plant Endemism, where it is confined to the calcareous, heavy-metal soils of the Steelpoort River Valley.

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27

Connor, Teresa. "Borders of Mutuality, Frontiers of Resistance: Paternalism and Working Identities of Farm Labourers in the Sundays River Valley, South Africa." African Studies 72, no. 3 (December 2013): 375–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2013.851466.

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28

Hoffman, M. T., and R. M. Cowling. "Phytochorology and Endemism Along Aridity and Grazing Gradients in the Lower Sundays River Valley, South Africa: Implications for Vegetation History." Journal of Biogeography 18, no. 2 (March 1991): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845292.

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29

Mofu, L., DJ Woodford, RJ Wasserman, T. Dalu, and OLF Weyl. "Diet of Glossogobius callidus (Teleostei: Gobiidae) in freshwater impoundments in the Sundays River Valley of the Eastern Cape, South Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 44, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2019.1628701.

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30

Mbatha, C. N. "Physical, Political and Local Practice Factors as Barriers to Agricultural Development: A Case of the Kat River Valley, South Africa." Open Geography Journal 4, no. 1 (January 18, 2011): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874923201104010091.

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31

Grenfell, Michael Cyril, William Ellery, and Suzanne Elaine Grenfell. "Tributary valley impoundment by trunk river floodplain development: a case study from the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg foothills, eastern South Africa." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 33, no. 13 (November 2008): 2029–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1652.

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32

Chakona, Gamuchirai, and Charlie Shackleton. "Food Taboos and Cultural Beliefs Influence Food Choice and Dietary Preferences among Pregnant Women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 2668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112668.

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A well-nourished and healthy population is a central tenet of sustainable development. In South Africa, cultural beliefs and food taboos followed by some pregnant women influence their food consumption, which impacts the health of mothers and children during pregnancy and immediately afterwards. We documented food taboos and beliefs amongst pregnant isiXhosa women from five communities in the Kat River Valley, South Africa. A mixed-methods approach was used, which was comprised of questionnaire interviews with 224 women and nine focus group discussions with 94 participants. Overall, 37% of the women reported one or more food practices shaped by local cultural taboos or beliefs. The most commonly avoided foods were meat products, fish, potatoes, fruits, beans, eggs, butternut and pumpkin, which are rich in essential micronutrients, protein and carbohydrates. Most foods were avoided for reasons associated with pregnancy outcome, labour and to avoid an undesirable body form for the baby. Some pregnant women consumed herbal decoctions for strengthening pregnancy, facilitating labour and overall health of both themselves and the foetus. Most learnt of the taboos and practices from their own mother or grandmother, but there was also knowledge transmission in social groups. Some pregnant women in the study may be considered nutritionally vulnerable due to the likelihood of decreased intake of nutrient-rich foods resulting from cultural beliefs and food taboos against some nutritious foods. Encouraging such women to adopt a healthy diet with more protein-rich foods, vegetables and fruits would significantly improve maternal nutrition and children’s nutrition. Adhering to culturally appropriate nutrition education may be an important care practice for many pregnant women in the Kat River Valley.

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33

De Villiers, M., and K. L. Pringle. "Seasonal occurrence of vine pests in commercially treated vineyards in the Hex River Valley in the Western Cape Province, South Africa." African Entomology 15, no. 2 (September 2007): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4001/1021-3589-15.2.241.

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34

Frías-De León, María Guadalupe. "Histoplasmosis: diagnostic challenges." Case reports 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/cr.v5n2.80200.

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Histoplasmosis is an infection usually caused by a fungal pathogen that, in most cases, occurs in the respiratory tract, which explains the high frequency of clinical manifestations in the lungs. (1) This mycosis is endemic in the Americas (Mississippi and Ohio River Valley, USA; Central and South America; and the West Indies), while reports in areas of Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania are mainly associated with the pandemic of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In Europe, cases are on the rise because of the speculation of a global distribution of histoplasmosis, and emphasis has been on improving methods for its diagnosis. (2,3)

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35

Kounov, A., G. Viola, M. J. de Wit, and M. Andreoli. "A Mid Cretaceous paleo-Karoo River valley across the Knersvlakte plain (northwestern coast of South Africa): Evidence from apatite fission-track analysis." South African Journal of Geology 111, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.111.4.409.

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36

Birch, N. V., A. M. Avis, and A. R. Palmer. "The effect of land-use on the vegetation communities along a topo-moisture gradient in the mid-Fish River valley, South Africa." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 16, no. 1 (May 1999): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/10220119909485712.

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37

Alasow, Jonis Ghedi. "Book review: Teresa Connor, Conserved Spaces, Ancestral Places: Conservation, history and identity among farm labourers in the Sundays River Valley, South Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909615624073.

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38

Manning, J. C., and P. Goldblatt. "New species of Iridaceae from the Hantam-Roggeveld Centre of Endemism, and the Bokkeveld, Northern Cape, South Africa." Bothalia 36, no. 2 (August 21, 2006): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v36i2.352.

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Three new species of Iridaceae are described from the Bokkeveld and Roggeveld Escarpments. Ixia amethystina. a member of section Dichone, is endemic to the edge of the Roggeveld Escarpment. It shares an unusual, inclined spike that is nodding in bud with I. trifolia but is distinguished by its blackish purple (not yellow) anthers, narrower leaves 1.5-2.0 mm wide, medium-textured corm tunics that form a distinct neck at the base of the stem, and short style branches 2.0-2.5 mm long.Moraea marginata. another Roggeveld endemic, is a member of section Polvanthes and florally similar to M. fistulosa and M. monticola but differs in its linear, channelled leaves 5-7 mm wide, with unusual, thickened margins. Romulea singularis. from the edge of the Kobee River Valley in the Bokkeveld Mountains, is a member of section Ciliatae. It is unique in the genus in its narrowly funnel-shaped, mauve to purple flowers with slender perianth tube 10-11 mm long, and unusually long filaments, 8-9 mm long, inserted in the lower half of the tube.

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Penn-Clarke, C. R., and J. N. Theron. "Lithostratigraphy and sedimentology of the Middle Devonian Tra-Tra Formation, including the Grootrivier Member (Bokkeveld Group, Cape Supergroup), South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 123, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0026.

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Abstract The Tra-Tra Formation is a predominantly argillaceous, shallow marine to paralic sedimentary succession of Eifelian (Middle Devonian) age within the Bokkeveld Group (Cape Supergroup) that crops out extensively within the Cape Fold Belt of South Africa. It comprises three discrete lithofacies associations (termed E-G) which are interpreted as deposits of channelised tidal flat-lagoons, transgressive beach-barriers and wave-influenced prodeltas to distal delta-fronts. They accumulated within a series of incised coastal-plain valley-fill system along the palaeoshoreline of the Cape Basin following a protracted forced regressive phase during sedimentation of the underlying Hex River Formation. A discrete, geographically-extensive, 25 to 30 m thick, single or double, positive-weathering tabular sandstone within the Tra-Tra Formation is recognised herein as the Grootrivier Member. Palaeontologically, the Tra-Tra Formation comprises a restricted fauna of Malvinokaffric Realm invertebrates, fish and plant fossils that are of biostratigraphic importance in inferring its Eifelian age.

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Faulkes, Chris G., Georgies F. Mgode, Elizabeth K. Archer, and Nigel C. Bennett. "Relic populations ofFukomysmole-rats in Tanzania: description of two new speciesF. livingstonisp. nov. andF. hanangensissp. nov." PeerJ 5 (April 27, 2017): e3214. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3214.

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Previous studies of African mole-rats of the generaHeliophobiusandFukomys(Bathyergidae) in the regions of East and south central Africa have revealed a diversity of species and vicariant populations, with patterns of distribution having been influenced by the geological process of rifting and changing patterns of drainage of major river systems. This has resulted in most of the extant members of the genusFukomysbeing distributed west of the main Rift Valley. However, a small number of isolated populations are known to occur east of the African Rift Valley in Tanzania, whereHeliophobiusis the most common bathyergid rodent. We conducted morphological, craniometric and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) sequences of two allopatric populations of Tanzanian mole-rats (genusFukomys) at Ujiji and around Mount Hanang, in comparison with both geographically adjacent and more distant populations ofFukomys. Our results reveal two distinct evolutionary lineages, forming clades that constitute previously unnamed species. Here, we formally describe and designate these new speciesF. livingstoniandF. hanangensisrespectively. Molecular clock-based estimates of divergence times, together with maximum likelihood inference of biogeographic range evolution, offers strong support for the hypothesis that vicariance in the Western Rift Valley and the drainage patterns of major river systems has subdivided populations of mole-rats. More recent climatic changes and tectonic activity in the “Mbeya triple junction” and Rungwe volcanic province between Lakes Rukwa and Nyasa have played a role in further isolation of these extra-limital populations ofFukomysin Tanzania.

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DE MOOR, FERDINAND C., and W. GEOFF McILLERON. "Preliminary observations of flight activity of Trichoptera in the southern Cape, South Africa." Zoosymposia 10, no. 1 (August 9, 2016): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.10.1.14.

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In a study on flight activity it was observed that Trichoptera were attracted to a superactinic or UV light at a site along the lower Groot River near Nature’s Valley in the Western Cape, South Africa. The frequency of insects passing selected fixed points in space was recorded photographically, after dusk, on 44 days between October 2011 and May 2012. All digital images of insects were identified to species, where possible, and abundance of species over selected time periods was determined. Water and air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, wind direction and speed were continuously recorded during each recording event. Total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity, pH, the percentage of cloud cover, rain at the time of the survey, and rainfall prior to the survey, were all recorded. The dominant species during all surveys, Athripsodes bergensis Scott, revealed a modal peak of flight activity around 50 minutes after sunset which was strongly influenced by climatic variation. The presence of egg masses carried by females was observed from the middle of November through March, with the highest percentage of females with egg masses found from late November to early December. Other species of Trichoptera that were recorded flying appeared later after sunset than did A. bergensis. Statistically the most important factor influencing flight activity was the time in minutes after sunset. Clear, cloudless conditions resulted in reduced flight activity. Information on flight activity can be used to determine the optimum weather conditions and times for collecting Trichoptera when using light sources.

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Carey, Victoria Anne, Dawid Saayman, Eben Archer, Gérard Barbeau, and Mike Wallace. "Viticultural terroirs in Stellenbosch, South Africa. I. The identification of natural terroir units." OENO One 42, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2008.42.4.809.

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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: A natural terroir unit (NTU) can be defined as a unit of land that is characterized by relatively homogenous topography, climate, geological substrate and soil. The mapping of NTUs is the first stage of data acquisition in a terroir study. This study aimed to identify NTUs using a Geographic Information System and to characterize the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin District using existing digital information at the scale of a wine producing district.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: The study area is bordered by mountains, situated close to the Atlantic Ocean and bisected by the Eerste river valley, resulting in notable spatial variation of all climatic parameters. The geology is complex due to the high degree of tectonic movement and mixing of parent material. Terrain morphological units, altitude, aspect and soil type were used as primary keys/variables for the identification of NTUs. Each of the identified units was further described with respect to the extent of the expected sea breeze effect and, for certain of the soil types, the associated parent material. A total of 1389 NTUs were identified in the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin District.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Many of the natural terroir units identified for the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin District are of a size that is not economically or practically viable.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: The natural terroir units should be grouped into larger, more manageable and thus more viable terroir units using data relating their viticultural and oenological potential. This task will be addressed in subsequent companion papers.</p>

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Evans, N. V., A. M. Avis, and A. R. Palmer. "Changes to the vegetation of the mid‐Fish River valley, Eastern Cape, South Africa, in response to land‐use, as revealed by a direct gradient analysis." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 14, no. 2 (August 1997): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220119.1997.9647923.

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Arnold, Elizabeth R., Haskel J. Greenfield, and Robert A. Creaser. "Domestic cattle mobility in early farming villages in southern Africa: harvest profiles and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope analyses from Early Iron Age sites in the lower Thukela River Valley of South Africa." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 5, no. 2 (February 7, 2013): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-013-0121-z.

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Engelbrecht, M., J. Joubert, and J. T. Burger. "First Report of Aster Yellows Phytoplasma in Grapevines in South Africa." Plant Disease 94, no. 3 (March 2010): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-3-0373a.

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For many years phytoplasma diseases have caused serious losses in most of the major grape-growing regions of the world, except South Africa, where a mixed phytoplasma infection was first reported in 2006 (1). During the early growing season of 2006, symptoms consistent with phytoplasma disease were observed in vineyards in the Olifants River Valley. Symptoms included yellowing of leaves, incomplete lignification of shoots, shortening of internodes, and the abortion of growth tips and immature bunches. Symptomatic shoots and leaves from grapevine cultivars (Merlot, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Ruby Cabernet, Pinotage, Corinth, Chardonnay, Columbar, Chenin blanc, Sauvignon blanc, Sultana, and Regal) were collected during the early growing season (November) of 2006, 2007, and 2008. Total DNA was extracted from 32 of these samples (from single plants in the same vineyards over the 3 years) with the Invisorb Spin Plant Mini Kit (Invitek, Berlin, Germany) and tested by nested PCR using two universal primer pairs, P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 (3). The first round of PCR of the 2006 samples yielded 1.8-kb fragments for 17 of the samples, while the nested PCR yielded an additional seven positive samples, confirming the necessity of nested PCR for reliable diagnosis. A similar trend was observed in the 2007 and 2008 PCR test results. All asymptomatic plants, which were included as negative controls, and water controls were negative by nested PCR. Twenty-four 1,245-bp amplicons, generated by nested PCR, were excised from gels, purified with a NucleoSpin Extract II Kit (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany) and directly sequenced. Sequence data was compiled with the BioEdit Version 7.0.4.1 sequence alignment editor software (2), aligned using ClustalW Version 1.4 (4), and a consensus sequence was generated (GenBank Accession No. GQ365729). A BLAST search of the NCBI GenBank database using the individual sequences revealed high sequence identities (≥99%) with the aster yellows phytoplasma group (16SrI) and specifically with the subgroup 16SrI-B. In a comparison of the sequences of the 1.2-kb PCR fragments of 24 local samples with each other, sequence identities of ~99% were observed. These results clearly illustrate that all vines screened were infected with the same phytoplasma. Single nucleotide differences observed between different isolates may indicate the presence of closely related sequence variants of this phytoplasma. Aster yellows occurs worldwide and has been reported to infect grapevine–South Africa can now be added to this list. During the three seasons of our study, the area in which symptomatic vineyards were observed increased significantly, indicating spread by a biological vector. Moreover, infected vineyards were noticed in two other South African grape-growing regions. In contrast to the previous report, which reported a mixed infection of phytoplasmas of groups 16SrXII-A and 16SrII-B (1), PCR screening and sequencing of more than 40 individual samples from these areas confirmed these all to be infected with aster yellows phytoplasma only. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection and identification of an aster yellows phytoplasma causing grapevine yellows disease in South Africa. References: (1) S. Botti and A. Bertaccini. Plant Dis. 90:1360, 2006. (2) T. A. Hall. Nucleic Acids. Symp. Ser. 41:95, 1999. (3) I.-M. Lee et al. Phytopathology 83:834, 1993. (4) J. D. Thompson et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:4673, 1994.

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Ridings, Rosanna, and C. Garth Sampson. "There's No Percentage in It: Intersite Spatial Analysis of Bushman (San) Pottery Decorations." American Antiquity 55, no. 4 (October 1990): 766–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281249.

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Grass-tempered bowls made by the forbears of historical Karoo Bushmen between ca. A.D. 1500 and 1800 were decorated with many different stamp-impressed motifs. Five of the seven observed motif groups appear to be distributed randomly across the 2,000 km2 study area in the upper Seacow River valley, South Africa. When their percentage frequencies per site cluster were mapped, however, localized concentrations appeared. The validity of the percentage concentrations is tested here by unconstrained cluster analysis, which is not subject to the closure effect. Also, several other tests, all avoiding the use of percentage frequency maps, are introduced as alternative ways to deal with unevenly distributed sites and scarce artifacts or traits unevenly distributed among the sites themselves. The results demonstrate that percentage-frequency mapping can produce occasionally spurious and misleading patterns. Because stratigraphic evidence is scarce and inconclusive, and direct dating of sherds has not yet been conducted, a test also is proposed for determining contemporaneity of motif groups.

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Barham, Lawrence, Stephen Tooth, Geoff A. T. Duller, Andrew J. Plater, and Simon Turner. "Excavations at Site C North, Kalambo Falls, Zambia: New Insights into the Mode 2/3 Transition in South-Central Africa." Journal of African Archaeology 13, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 187–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10270.

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We report on the results of small-scale excavations at the archaeological site of Kalambo Falls, northern Zambia. The site has long been known for its stratified succession of Stone Age horizons, in particular those representing the late Acheulean (Mode 2) and early Middle Stone Age (Mode 3). Previous efforts to date these horizons have provided, at best, minimum radiometric ages. The absence of a firm chronology for the site has limited its potential contribution to our understanding of the process of technological change in the Middle Pleistocene of south-central Africa. The aim of the excavations was to collect samples for luminescence dating that bracketed archaeological horizons, and to establish the sedimentary and palaeoenvironmental contexts of the deposits. Four sedimentary packages were identified with the oldest containing Mode 2 and Mode 3 horizons. In this paper we consider the implications of the luminescence ages for the archaeological record at Kalambo Falls, and place them in a regional context. The reworking and preservation of the archaeological horizons is interpreted as the result of successive phases of meander migration and aggradation. Limited pollen evidence suggests a persistent floodplain palaeoenvironment with intermittent swamp forest and adjacent valley woodland, while mineral magnetic susceptibility data support an interpretation of river flow variability without any significant change in sediment provenance. The dynamics of the fluvial system cannot as yet be linked directly with regional climate change. The age range of ~500–300 ka for the oldest sedimentary package places the Mode 2/3 succession firmly in the Middle Pleistocene, and contributes to an expanding African record of technological innovation before the evolution of Homo sapiens.

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Clarke, CL, SE Shackleton, and M. Powell. "Climate change perceptions, drought responses and views on carbon farming amongst commercial livestock and game farmers in the semiarid Great Fish River Valley, Eastern Cape province, South Africa." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 29, no. 1 (April 2012): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2012.687041.

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Obalum, S. E., J. C. Nwite, J. Oppong, C. A. Igwe, and T. Wakatsuki. "Variations in selected soil physical properties with landforms and slope within an inland valley ecosystem in Ashanti region of Ghana." Soil and Water Research 6, No. 2 (May 30, 2011): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/17/2010-swr.

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One peculiar feature of the inland valleys abundant in West Africa is their site-specific hydrology, underlain mainly by the prevailing landforms and topography. Development and management of these land resources under the increasingly popular sawah (a system of bunded, puddled and levelled rice field with facilities for irrigation and drainage) technology is a promising opportunity for enhancing rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the region. Information on the variations in selected soil physical properties as influenced by the prevailing landforms may serve as a useful guide in site selection. This is of practical importance since majority of the inland valleys are potentially unsuitable for sawah development and most farmers in the region are of low technical level. Three landforms (river levee, elevated area and depressed area) were identified within a sawah field located in an inland valley at Ahafo Ano South District of Ghana. Each of these landforms was topsoil-sampled along on identified gradient (top, mid and bottom slope positions). Parameters determined included particle size distribution, bulk density, total porosity and field moisture content. The soil is predominantly clayey. There were no variations in the particle size distribution among the slope positions in the river levee. Overall, the river levee had lower silt content than the elevated and the depressed landforms. The bulk density, total porosity, and gravimetric moisture content indicated relative improvements only in the depressed area in the order, bottom > mid > top slope. Irrespective of slope position, the three landforms differed in these parameters in the order, depressed > river levee > elevated. The sand fraction impacted negatively on the silt fraction and bulk density of the soil, both of which controlled the soil moisture status. Despite the fairly low silt content of the soil, the silt fraction strongly influenced the gravimetric moisture content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.80). So too did the soil bulk density on the gravimetric moisture content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.90). It is concluded that: (1) since the landforms more prominently influenced the measured parameters than the slope positions, the former should take pre-eminence over the latter in soil suitability judgment; (2) with respect to moisture retention, variations in silt fraction and bulk density of this and other clayey inland-valley soils should be used as guide in site selection for sawah development.

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Odendaal, Lieza, Sarah J. Clift, Geoffrey T. Fosgate, and A. Sally Davis. "Ovine Fetal and Placental Lesions and Cellular Tropism in Natural Rift Valley Fever Virus Infections." Veterinary Pathology 57, no. 6 (September 4, 2020): 791–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985820954549.

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Infection with Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) causes abortion storms and a wide variety of outcomes for both ewes and fetuses. Sheep fetuses and placenta specimens were examined during the 2010–2011 River Valley fever (RVF) outbreak in South Africa. A total of 72 fetuses were studied of which 58 were confirmed positive for RVF. Placenta specimens were available for 35 cases. Macroscopic lesions in fetuses were nonspecific and included marked edema and occasional hemorrhages in visceral organs. Microscopically, multifocal hepatic necrosis was present in 48 of 58 cases, and apoptotic bodies, foci of liquefactive hepatic necrosis (primary foci), and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in hepatocytes were useful diagnostic features. Lymphocytolysis was present in all lymphoid organs examined with the exception of thymus and Peyer’s patches, and pyknosis or karyorrhexis was often present in renal glomeruli. The most significant histologic lesion in the placenta was necrosis of trophoblasts and endothelial cells in the cotyledonary and intercotyledonary chorioallantois. Immunolabeling for RVFV was most consistent in trophoblasts of the cotyledon or caruncle. Other antigen-positive cells included hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelial, juxtaglomerular and extraglomerular mesangial cells, vascular smooth muscle, endothelial and adrenocortical cells, cardiomyocytes, Purkinje fibers, and macrophages. Fetal organ samples for diagnosis must minimally include liver, kidney, and spleen. From the placenta, the minimum recommended specimens for histopathology include the cotyledonary units and caruncles from the endometrium, if available. The diagnostic investigation of abortion in endemic areas should always include routine testing for RVFV, and a diagnosis during interepidemic periods might be missed if only limited specimens are available for examination.

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