Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hepatitas C'
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Pajenčkovskytė, Karolina. "Sergančiųjų lėtiniu virusiniu C hepatitu genotipai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2004. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20040608_165139-44050.
Full textSurgunt, Natalja. "Operacinės slaugytojų susižeidimų adatomis ir kitais aštriais instrumentais rizikos vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140711_084759-08878.
Full textResearch aim: to assess the risk of operating room nurses injuries with needles and other sharp instruments. Research object: operating room nurses injuries with needles and other sharp instruments. Research objectives: 1. To asses frequency, type and reasons of operating room nurses injuries with needles and other sharp instruments. 2. To analyse influencing causes for safe operating room environment. 3. To analyse the operating room nurses attitudes towards registration and reporting of injuries inflicted by needles and other sharp instruments. Research methodology: Research was done in January–April 2013 in Vilnius and Kaunas 3rd level hospitals. For this research two types of questionnaires, written by German scientist Dr. Sabine Wicker, were used: „Incidental Injury“ („Ein stich Stecktan“) and „Minimizing the danger of infection – prevent the needle puncture“ (,,Infektionsrisiken senken – Nadelstichverletzungen vermeiden“). Questionnaires were translated to Lithuanian language. There were 200 questionnaires distributed in total, 185 of them were returned and 10 were not fully answered. 175 fully answered questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. SPSS 17.0 and Microsoft Excel programs were used for statistical data analysis. Statistical data meaningfulness was verified by chi quadrant (χ2) criteria and statistical meaningfulness. Data difference is meaningful when p<0,05. Factor analysis method was used for the research. Results and conclusions: During the... [to full text]
Petrenkienė, Vitalija. "Ligonių, sergančių lėtiniu hepatitu c, ligos raiškos ypatumai, gydymo interferonu a–2b ir ribavirinu efekto įvertinimas ir požymių, lemiančių gydymo rezultatus, nustatymas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050606_220244-71931.
Full textValentienė, Jolanta. "Virusinių hepatitų A, B, ir C serologinių žymenų paplitimas neatlygintinų kraujo donorų populiacijoje 2010-2011 m." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20140630_173316-42743.
Full textAim: to describe epidemiology of the viral hepatitis A, B, C, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STD) and to estimate prevalence of HAV, HBV, HCV infections among first time non-remunerated blood donors population. Methodology: The study received approval from Vilnius Regional Biomedical Research Ethics Committee. First time non-remunerated blood donors participated in anonymous questionnaire survey in NGO National Blood Center. For anti-HAV, anti-HCV, anti-HBs, anti-Hbcor and HBsAg detection was used immunoenzyme method and for HBV DNR ir HCV RNR - nucleic acid amplification test. The Mantel trend test and linear regression method was used to evaluate the trend of viral hepatitis, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. The prevalence of viral hepatitis serological markers was expressed in percentage points, the precision was evaluated at the confidence intervals (CI) of 95%, the comparison of categorical data was made using χ2 test and Fisher‘s exact test. For data analysis the following tests were used: for the risk factors – binary logistic regression; goodness of fit – Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 test; Cox and Snell R Square, Classification Table. The statistical significance level p ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 200 respondents haven been interviewed. Only 188 first time non-remunerated blood donors were selected for further analysis. Respondents minimum of age was 18 and maximum - 52 (Mean=22,6; Med=20,0), 47,9 % (n=90) of them were males, 52,1... [to full text]
Bakaitis, Paulius. "Sergančiųjų lėtiniu virusiniu C hepatitu demografinių rizikos faktorių bei biocheminių ir histologinių ligos charakteristikų statistinė analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20140702_194115-67371.
Full textThe aim of work was to examine patients with hepatitis C, i.e. to find out specialities of disease. Statistical analysis was carried out. The results are as follows. There was discovered direct impact of alcohol to histological and biochemical indicators as well as changes influenced by cirrhosis. The relationships among histological activity index and biochemical blood indicators was also explored. These are the main results however other indicators were also of high interest.
Valente, Vanderleia Barbaro. "Estudo da distribuição dos marcadores sorológicos das hepatites B e C entre doadores de sangue do Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-29052003-193717/.
Full textThis study, which involved all blood donors (25.891) that attended the Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto for the first time from June 1996 to June 2001 had the following objectives: 1) To study the positiveness for hepatitis B and C serologic markers in donors screening tests. 2) To analyze the flow of positive donors for hepatitis B and C markers to the Hepatitis Ambulatory (HA) in the Clinical Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo. 3) To estimate the predominance of present or former infection by hepatitis B and C viruses among donors, by analyzing results of screening tests that confirm these diseases. 4) To evaluate the importance of determining the glutamic-piruvic transaminase (GTP) as an indirect marker of infection by hepatitis B and C viruses. Registered data from the Blood Center as well as from the Epidemiological Surveillance Nucleus (ESN) and HA were used with the purpose of collecting information about donors, type of donation and results in serologic screening tests (HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, GTP, anti-HIV, anti-HTLV, Chagas disease and syphilis). In addition, a study was performed on the results in repetition tests that took place in the Blood Center of positive donors for hepatitis B and C markers in serologic tests as well as on their attendance at the ESN and the confirmation in the HA of the results for these markers. The population of donors was composed in its majority by men (83,6%) and individuals from 26 to 45 year-old (64,0%). Linked donations predominated (85,4%), and the greatest reasons for donation arose from solicitation and stimulus coming from family and friends. The value of prevalence in serologic screening tests was 0,63% (IC95%: 0,54 0,72) for HBsAg and 1,15% (IC95%: 1,02 1,28) for anti-HCV. The total of positive donors that should have been evaluated in the HA suffered a loss of 55,5% among the suspects of having hepatitis B and of 58,7% among the suspects of having hepatitis C, reaching a total of 266 donors lost during follow-up. The value of prevalence in confirmatory tests was 0,22% (IC95%: 0,16 0,28) for hepatitis B and 0,31% (IC95%: 0,24 0,38) for hepatitis C. The copositiveness between GPT and hepatitis markers in serologic screening tests was 8.8% for hepatitis C virus and 0.5% for hepatitis B virus, indicating that determination of this enzyme is not helpful in selection of donors in blood banks.
Silva, Filho Hermes Pedreira da. "Estudo Molecular dos Vírus B e C das Hepatites nas Regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2010. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4219.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2012-07-19T21:21:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hermes Pedreira EStudo molecular dos vírus B e C...2010.pdf: 5589974 bytes, checksum: b86706272dbb22d0d349edae7d641ce1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Infecções pelos vírus B e C das hepatites constituem um significante problema de saúde pública em todo mundo. Mais de 350 milhões de pessoas estão cronicamente infectadas pelo VHB e 170 milhões pelo VHC. No Brasil, a prevalência de pessoas infectadas pelo VHB varia de baixa endemicidade (<2%) até alta, (>7%), e estima-se que 1,5% da população esteja infectada pelo VHC (WHO). Estudos recentes tem demonstrado consideráveis variações entre os isolados do VHB, confirmando a diversidade de genótipos do vírus circulantes e o surgimento de mutações no genoma viral que podem ter impacto na resposta terapêutica e imune. Informações sobre a diversidade genética do VHB serão de grande valor para determinar fatores de risco associados a disseminação do vírus e auxiliar na adoção de medidas de prevenção e terapêutica. A infecção pelo VHC tornou-se um sério problema de saude pública desde que não existe uma vacina disponível e o tratamento é extremamente caro para os órgãos públicos como desgastante para o paciente. Este trabalho utilizou as ferramentas moleculares e de epidemiologia no estudo destes vírus para caracterizar molecularmente os vírus B e C das hepatites nas Regiões Norte e Nordeste, particularmente na Bahia, através de sequenciamento de DNA e análises filogenéticas. Amostras de pacientes provenientes da Bahia, Acre, Rondonia, Amazonas, Maranhão e Tocantins foram analisadas. As amostras foram oriundas de outros estudos e de centros de referência para tratamento das hepatites, sendo avaliadas 635 amostras para o VHC e 335 de VHB. Sequencias das regiões pré-S/S e pré- Core/Core do VHB e NS5b, 5UTR, E1 e Core do VHC foram utilizadas para classificação genotípica e análise filogenetica. Os genótipos mais frequentes para o VHB foram A (57%), D (10%) e F(33%) na Bahia e nas amostras da região Norte. Nós encontramos em nosso estudo 55,6% de pacientes co-infectados com VHB/Delta. Não foi possível estabelecer uma ligação genótipo específico com a evolução da infecção, e determinar a presença de mutantes relacionados à resposta terapêutica e ao escape imunológico. Com relação ao VHC, a subtipagem dos isolados foi realizada através do sequenciamento da região NS5b e 5UTR (n=230). Os sub-genótipos mais frequentes foram 1a(45,6%), 1b (46,9%), 3a (6,5%) e 2a/b(0,8%). As regiões E1 e Core também foram sequenciadas e no futuro serão utilizadas para avaliar possiveis mutações. O presente estudo mostra que a aplicação de protocolos de sequenciamento, bioinformática e filogenia são indispensáveis para a compreensão da epidemiologia molecular dos vírus das hepatites.
Infections with hepatitis B and C viruses constitute a significant public health problem worldwide. More than 350 million people are chronically infected with HBV and 170 million by HCV. In Brazil, HBV remains endemic despite widespread vaccination with prevalence of infection ranging from (<2%) low endemicity, until high (>7%) in different regions. Prevalence of HCV infection in Brazil has been estimated at 1.5%. Recent studies have shown considerable genetic variation among HBV isolates, confirming the diversity of circulating genotypes of the virus and the emergence of mutations in the viral genome that may impact on therapeutic and immune response. Information on the genetic diversity of HBV is useful for molecular epidemiology to determine risk factors associated with the spread of the virus and to inform prevention strategies and for monitoring therapy. Because there is no vaccine available to prevent HCV infection and treatment is extremely expensive for public agencies, HCV is an emerging public health problem. The treatment efficiency is directly related to viral genotype. In this study molecular epidemiology tools were used to characterize HBV and HCV in the North and Northeast, particularly in Bahia, through DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Samples from Bahia, Acre, Rondônia, Amazonas, Maranhão and Tocantins were analyzed. The samples were collected in collaboration with other studies and centers of references for hepatitis treatments. 635 samples from HCV infected patients and 335 samples from HBV infected were evaluated. Sequences of the regions pre-S / S, HBV core / pre-core, NS5B, 5UTR, HCV Core and E1 were used for genotypic classification and phylogenetic analysis. The most frequent HBV genotypes were A (57%), D (10%) and F (33%) in Bahia and in the samples from the North region. Fifty five percent of the patients from Rondônia were coinfected with HBV and HDV. In this study, we were unable to establish a connection with the particular genotype evolution of the infection and determine the presence of mutants related to therapeutic response and immune escape. In the North region co-infection with HBV genotype F and D virus is strongly associated with poor outcome of the disease as informed by the physicians and literature. Regarding HCV, the subtyping of isolates was performed by sequencing the NS5B region and 5UTR (n=230). The sub-genotypes more frequent were 1a (45.6%), 1b (46.9%), 3a (6.5%) and 2a / b (0.8%). The Core and E1 regions were also sequenced and in the future could be used to evaluate possible mutations. This study shows that the implementation of protocols for sequencing, bioinformatics and phylogenetic are essential for understanding the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis.
Machado, Danusa de Almeida. "Qualidade de vida e morbidade psicológica de pacientes portadores de hepatite C em tratamento com interferon peguilado e ribavirina /." Botucatu, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98430.
Full textAbstract: This study aimed at describing socio-demographic, psychosocial and clinical characteristics as well as quality of life indexes, occurrence of common mental disorder and depressive symptoms of patients with chronic hepatitis C undergoing treatment at the Viral Hepatitis Outpatient Unit of the Botucatu Medical School - UNESP, at three different moments of their treatment with Peguilated Interferon and Ribavirin: immediately before treatment, 12 and 24 weeks after its introduction. The association of socio-demographic and clinical variables as well as those for common mental disorder (CMD), depression symptoms and form of treatment with quality-of-life (QL) indexes was evaluated at the three studied moments. The association of such variables with test results indicating virological response to treatment (detection of the hepatitis C virus RNA by the PCR method) was also investigated. Method: A convenience sample was established, and 82 patients were studied in a cross-sectional and follow-up investigation. Forty-six patients were followed 3 and 6 months after the beginning of treatment. A structured questionnaire was used to investigate socio-demographic and clinical aspects. Depression symptoms were evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) was utilized to evaluate common mental disorder, and harmful use of alcohol was evaluated by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Quality of life was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The study of the associations between categorial variables was performed by the chi-square test (or Fisher, if adequate). The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to compare the distribution of various domains of SF-36. McNemar's Exact Test was used for category variables to compare the data at the subsequent moments, and Friedman's Test was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Ana Teresa de Abreu Ramos-Cerqueira
Coorientador: Giovanni Faria Silva
Banca: Fani Eta Korn Malerbi
Banca: Carlos Antonio Caramori
Mestre
Silva, Edvaldo Ferreira da. "Prevalência de marcadores sorológicos das hepatites A e B em pacientes com hepatite C crônica atendidos no ambulatório de hepatites do serviço de Gastroenterologia Clínica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-04022015-153903/.
Full textBackground and Aims: Patients with chronic HCV and superinfection by hepatitis A virus (HAV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) have higher morbidity and mortality when compared with those without HCV. For this reason, HAV and HBV active immunization has become mandatory in this population and hence their serological markers must be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of serological markers of HAV and HBV infection in patients with chronic HCV. Methods: 1.000 chronic HCV infected patients at the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine outpatient Liver Clinic were evaluated for the prevalence of serological markers of HAV and HBV infection. Results: Anti-HAV IgG was positive in 923 of 1000 patients (92.3%). When stratified by age, the anti-HAV IgG was found in 61% of patients between 20-29 years, 70% between 30-39 years, 85% between 40-49 years, 94% between 50-59 years, and 99% over 60 years of age. Anti-HBc IgG was positive in 244 patients (24%). Stratified by age, anti-HBc IgG was found in 4.3% of patients between 20-29 years, 17% between 30-39 years, 21% between 40 -49 years, 24% between 50-59 years, and 28% of patients over 60 years of age. Of the 244 anti-HBc IgG positive patients, 0.8% were also HBsAg positive, 8.5% were anti-HBc IgG isolated and 16% were also anti-HBs positive. Conclusions: The prevalence of anti-HAV IgG was similar to the general population in the city of São Paulo. However, anti-HBc IgG was higher in our chronic HCV patients, when compared historically to the general population of western countries, suggesting similar risk factors for HBV and HCV acquisition, so emphasizing the importance of immunization programs in this population. Keywords: Hepatitis C, Chronic; Hepatitis C; Hepacivirus, Prevalence; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B Título: Prevalência de Marcadores Sorológicos das Hepatites A e B em Pacientes com Hepatite C Crônica atendidos no Ambulatório de Hepatites do Serviço de Gastroenterologia Clínica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - HCFMUSP Background and Aims: Patients with chronic HCV and superinfection by hepatitis A virus (HAV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) have higher morbidity and mortality when compared with those without HCV. For this reason, HAV and HBV active immunization has become mandatory in this population and hence their serological markers must be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of serological markers of HAV and HBV infection in patients with chronic HCV. Methods: 1.000 chronic HCV infected patients at the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine outpatient Liver Clinic were evaluated for the prevalence of serological markers of HAV and HBV infection. Results: Anti-HAV IgG was positive in 923 of 1000 patients (92.3%). When stratified by age, the anti-HAV IgG was found in 61% of patients between 20-29 years, 70% between 30-39 years, 85% between 40-49 years, 94% between 50-59 years, and 99% over 60 years of age. Anti-HBc IgG was positive in 244 patients (24%). Stratified by age, anti-HBc IgG was found in 4.3% of patients between 20-29 years, 17% between 30-39 years, 21% between 40 -49 years, 24% between 50-59 years, and 28% of patients over 60 years of age. Of the 244 anti-HBc IgG positive patients, 0.8% were also HBsAg positive, 8.5% were anti-HBc IgG isolated and 16% were also anti-HBs positive. Conclusions: The prevalence of anti-HAV IgG was similar to the general population in the city of São Paulo. However, anti-HBc IgG was higher in our chronic HCV patients, when compared historically to the general population of western countries, suggesting similar risk factors for HBV and HCV acquisition, so emphasizing the importance of immunization programs in this population
Moraes, Camila Fernanda Verdichio de [UNESP]. "Antígeno plaquetários humanos (HPA) em portadores do vívus da hepatite c (HCV)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102625.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A Hepatite C é uma das principais causas de doença crônica hepática. A combinação entre o interferon peguilado e a ribavirina tem sido considerado o padrão-ouro de tratamento para Hepatite C. A resposta ao tratamento vem sendo associada a fatores ambientais, do vírus e também do paciente, tais como polimorfismos genéticos dos antígenos leucocitários humanos (HLA), da interleucina-10 e do fator de necrose tumoral-a. Plaquetas possuem em suas membranas glicoproteínas que expressam segmentos protéicos polimórficos, os quais são chamados de antígenos plaquetários humanos (HPA). Os sistemas HPA-1, -3, -4 e -5 residem em integrinas, proteínas que possuem interações com interferon. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a associação entre freqüência dos HPA-1, -3, -4 e -5 e a resposta ao tratamento, em 138 pacientes tratados para Hepatite C. A genotipagem dos HPA-1, -3 e -4 foi realizada pela técnica de PCR-SSP e do HPA-5 pela PCR-RFLP. A genotipagem do HCV foi realizada através do Kit comercial INNO-LiPA® v.1.0 (Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium), segundo as instruções do fabricante. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupos e subgrupos de acordo com o esquema terapêutico, a resposta ao tratamento e o genótipo do HCV. Os pacientes que possuíam o genótipo do HCV não-1 e que foram tratados com IFN-a+RBV, com falha terapêutica, apresentaram uma diferença estatística significante (p<0.05) nas freqüências alélicas e genotípicas do sistema HPA-3, com aumento do alelo 3b. O sistema HPA-3 está localizado em uma integrina que se liga a fibronectina, um receptor de interferon. Nesse contexto, a alteração conformacional glicoprotéica decorrente da presença do alelo HPA-3b, poderia estar associada à falha ao tratamento com IFN-a+RBV em pacientes portadores de genótipo viral não-1.
Hepatic fibrosis leading cirrhosis in 20 to 30% of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Rapid progression to fibrosis has been related to environmental, viral and host factors. However, genetic polymorphisms have recently been associated with this progression, including the expression of integrins. Platelet membrane glycoproteins express several polymorphic antigenic determinants on their surface, which are called human platelet antigens (HPA). HPA-1, -3, -4 and -5 reside in integrins. The association between HPA antigens and stage of fibrosis can determine if HPA is related to progression of fibrosis. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the association between the HPA-1, -3, -4 and -5 and the liver fibrosis stage in 175 HCV-infected patients. HPA-1, -3 and -4 genotyping was performed by PCR-SSP and, HPA-5 by PCR-RFLP. Fibrosis progression was evaluated using the METAVIR scoring system. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in allelic and genotypic frequency distribution of HPA-1, -3 and -5, residing in integrins.
Gryninger, Gabriela [UNESP]. "Influência do vírus da hepatite B na infecção crônica pelo vírus da hepatite C: perfil das séricas e histopatologia hepática." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89937.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O vírus da hepatite C é uma das principais causas de doença hepática no mundo inteiro. O estudo histopatológico é de grande importância no prognóstico e indicação de tratamento. A coinfecção com o vírus da hepatite B oculta pode agravar a lesão hepática e diminuir a resposta ao tratamento. As citocinas IL-2, INF, TNF- induzem lesão hepática e fibrose. A IL-10 apresenta atividade antiinflamatória e o TGF- induz o desenvolvimento e depósito de matriz extracelular causando fibrose. Este estudo avaliou, em pacientes com HCC, a presença da hepatite B oculta, a dosagem das citocinas IL-2, INF, TNF , TGF e IL-10, correlacionando com o estágio de fibrose em pacientes tratados e não tratados com interferon, comparando também com indivíduos saudáveis. Foram estudados 55 pacientes com HCC crônica, atendidos na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, excluindo-se pacientes imunossuprimidos e gestantes. O grupo controle foi constituído de 20 indivíduos doadores de sangue. O vírus da hepatite B oculto foi pesquisado por de PCR in house, segundo técnica de Kaneno, com limite de detecção menor que 100 cópias/ml. A dosagem de citocinas foi determinada por método de Elisa. A avaliação da fibrose hepática seguiu aquela proposta pela Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia. Os resultados mostraram predominância do gênero masculino, adulto jovem, 36,4% foram usuários de drogas endovenosas e 41,8% haviam sido hemotransfundidos. Nenhum paciente apresentou coinfecção pelo vírus da hepatite B oculto. Na biópsia hepática predominou fibrose leve ou ausência de fibrose (47,2%). As citocinas analisadas não discriminaram o grau de fibrose nos indivíduos com HCC crônica, mesmo quando separados em pacientes que foram submetidos ao tratamento e pacientes que não receberam o tratamento. Não houve também discriminação das citocinas...
The Hepatitis C virus is one of the major causes of hepatic diseases worldwide. Histopathological analyses play a leading role in determining disease outcome and treatment. Co-infection with occult Hepatitis B can aggravate liver injury and diminish treatment response. Cytokines such as IL-2, INF and TNF- induce liver injury and fibrosis. IL-10 has an antiinflamatory action and TGF- induces extracellular matrix development and deposition causing fibrosis. In this study, the presence of occult Hepatitis B and the expression of IL-2, INF, TNF , TGF and IL-10 were assessed in HCC patients and correlated with fibrosis stage in patients treated and non-treated with interferon, as well as healthy individuals. A total of 55 patients with chronic HCC seen at Botucatu Medical School were included. Immunosuppressed or pregnant patients were excluded. The control group consisted of 20 blood donors. The occult Hepatitis B virus was detected by in-house PCR according to the technique of Kaneno with a detection limit < 100 clones/ml. Cytokine levels were determined by the Elisa method. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed as proposed by the Brazilian Society of Pathology. The results showed a predominance of male young adults of whom 36.4% had used endovenous drugs and 41.8% had been hemotransfused. No patient showed occult Hepatitis B co-infection. Hepatic biopsy revealed that fibrosis was either absent or mild in most cases (47.2%). The cytokines under study did not correlate with fibrosis stage in individuals with chronic HCC no matter whether they had or not received treatment. In addition, no correlations with cytokine levels were observed when VHC patients were separated into groups of individuals treated and non-treated with interferon . However, cytokine expressions were significantly increased in all cases in comparison with the control group.
Moraes, Camila Fernanda Verdichio de. "Antígeno plaquetários humanos (HPA) em portadores do vívus da hepatite c (HCV) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102625.
Full textAbstract: Hepatic fibrosis leading cirrhosis in 20 to 30% of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Rapid progression to fibrosis has been related to environmental, viral and host factors. However, genetic polymorphisms have recently been associated with this progression, including the expression of integrins. Platelet membrane glycoproteins express several polymorphic antigenic determinants on their surface, which are called human platelet antigens (HPA). HPA-1, -3, -4 and -5 reside in integrins. The association between HPA antigens and stage of fibrosis can determine if HPA is related to progression of fibrosis. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the association between the HPA-1, -3, -4 and -5 and the liver fibrosis stage in 175 HCV-infected patients. HPA-1, -3 and -4 genotyping was performed by PCR-SSP and, HPA-5 by PCR-RFLP. Fibrosis progression was evaluated using the METAVIR scoring system. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in allelic and genotypic frequency distribution of HPA-1, -3 and -5, residing in integrins.
Orientador: Maria Inês de Moura Campos Pardini
Coorientador: Giovanni Faria Silva
Banca: Rejane M. T. Grotto
Banca: Paula Rahal
Banca: Ricardo Alberto Moliterno
Banca: Fernando Lopes Gonçalves Junior
Doutor
Ciaccia, Maria Celia Cunha. "Aspectos epidemiológicos, sorológicos e moleculares das hepatites A, B e C em crianças e adolescentes matriculados em creches e escolas do ensino infantil e fundamental da rede municipal na cidade de Santos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-14012013-120337/.
Full textViral hepatitis are still a concern in the public health level in Brazil and around the Word, due both to the number of affected subjects and the possibility of complication in the acute and chronic forms. According to the World Health organization (WHO), 170 million people are chronic carriers of hepatitis C and 350 million chronic carriers of hepatitis B. In Brasil, the estimate of people with chronic hepatitis B is approximately 600 thousand people and chronic hepatitis C, 1,5 million. It has been confirmed in the country, in 2010, 5943 cases of acute hepatitis A. The The aim of this study was to learn the prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis A, B and C virus in children and teenagers enrolled at the municipal education network in the city of Santos, to learn molecular aspects of hepatitis B and C, identifying the genotype of the two agents and to study the acquisition mode in cases with positive serology. Cross-sectional study carried out over the period from June 28 to December 14, 2007, in which 4680 fingerprick blood samples were collected; at the same time, a survey questionnaire was applied to the family members of the children and teenagers. The serological tests were performed using the ELISA technique. The molecular analysis was performed using the technique of polymerase chain reaction \"in House\". Age of the population studied ranged from 7 months to 18 years and 1 month. . The general prevalence of serological markers anti-HAV IgG reagent was 9.7% and between them 74,7% was anti-HAV IgM reagent. There was higher prevalence among older children, females, those who used to play in streams near their home, the absence of a sewage system in home, parents with low education, low household income and among those who did not live in the seashore. The prevalence of anti-HAV IgM was not different between the categories, except for the age (peak in the early years and subsequent fall) and lower on the Hills and Northweast Zone. The general prevalence of anti-HBc reagent was 0,1%, AgHBs was 0,02% and anti-HCV was 0,02%. It is concluded that, in children, the general prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis A, B and C in the city of Santos was low when compared with literature data. Although our data confirm a change in the epidemiological profile of hepatitis A, the current preventive measures regarding sanitation, education level and housing still remain with a deficiency in Santos, the coastal city with the largest harbor in Brazil. Vaccination for hepatitis B was highly effective because it found a low prevalence of serological markers. The use of filter paper in epidemiological studies for hepatitis A was effective. However for the vírus of hepatitis C still requires comparative studies using venous blood because the prevalence of infected children was very low in the city of Santos.
Ariede, Jovita Ramos. "Avaliação da carga viral do virus da hepatite C em diferentes compartimentos biológicos : influência na predição da recidiva virológica /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88063.
Full textCoorientador: Maria de Moura Campos Pardini
Banca: Giovanni Faria Silva
Banca: Ana Flavia Nacif Pinto coelho Pires
Resumo: A detecção do RNA viral do VHC tem sido documentada em outros compartimentos biológicos além do soro e plasma de pacientes infectados pelo vírus, como nas plaquetas. No entanto, sua influência na terapia antiviral é desconhecida. Poucos estudos têm sido realizados na tentativa de avaliar a quantificação do RNA viral em outros compartimentos biológicos e a significância deste achado no resultado da terapia antiviral. Considerando que o VHC é carreado pelas plaquetas na circulação, a avaliação quantitativa do RNA viral neste compartimento biológico pode se mostrar distinta da observada no plasma.Realizar a avaliação comparativa in vitro do RNA do VHC plasmático e do RNA do VHC carreado à plaqueta e, realizar a avaliação comparativa da quantificação do RNA viral do VHC em plasma e plaquetas de pacientes com recidiva ao tratamento antiviral.Amostras de sangue periférico provenientes de pacientes infectados pelo VHC foram utilizadas para realização de dois experimentos. Experimento in vitro (repetido em triplicata) consistiu na separação de quatro alíquotas da mesma amostra, as quais foram submetidas a incubação a 37oC por 30xg por diferentes intervalos de tempo (0, 48, 96, 144h) e, posteriormente separadas para obtenção de plasma e pellet de plaquetas. A partir de cada uma destas frações foi extraído RNA viral, o qual foi utilizado como fonte para qPCR. Experimento in vivo: Foram acompanhados pacientes que iniciaram e finalizaram a terapêutica entre janeiro de 2011 a julho de 2012 e, dentre estes, os que apresentaram recidiva virológica ao tratamento antiviral estabelecido. Dos pacientes em recidiva virológica foram processadas amostras para a obtenção do plasma e pellet de plaquetas em dois momentos: no momento da recidiva virológica e, no momento imediatamente anterior (12 semanas anteriores... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Treatment for chronic hepatitis C is effective in about 50% of patients treated with exogenous interferon, which induces interferon-stimulated genes leading to endogenous interferon production. Integrins are involved in interferon production and structural modifications of them can be associated with altered function. Some integrins, expressed on the platelet membrane, show polymorphic antigenic determinants called human platelet antigens (HPA). The association between HCV infection and HPA-5b has already been demonstrated, in the same way the HPA profile could be associated with therapeutic response. This study aimed evaluates the association between the HPA-1, -3, -5 frequencies and therapy response in HCV-infected patients. HPA genotyping was performed in 168 HCV-infected patients by PCRSSP or PCR-RFLP. The patients were on interferon- (48.8%: 43.9% carriers of HCV genotype 1 and 56.1% non-1) or peginterferon (51.2%; 87.2% carriers of HCV genotype 1 and 12.8% non-1), both combined with ribavirin. Statistical analysis was performed using the proportional odds model. The genotypic frequency of HPA-1a/1b was significantly higher in the patients with therapeutic failure (odds ratio=3.58, 95% CI -1.18 - 10.82). The results suggest that the HPA-1a/1b genotype is associated with therapy failure... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Winckler, Fernanda Cristina. "Influência da Resposta inflamatória na resposta virológica sustentada em pacientes com hepatite C crônica genótipo 1 durante o tratamento antiviral com terapia tripla." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144991.
Full textCoorientador: Marjorie de Assis Golim
Resumo: A hepatite C é uma doença infecciosa que torna-se crônica em cerca de 85% dos infectadosque poderão desenvolver cirrose e carcinoma hepato celular. O tratamento antiviral em muitosdos pacientes não é eficaz, principalmente quando estes portam o genótipo 1 e fibroseavançada, a resposta inflamatória também desempenha seu papel sobre a resposta virológicasustentada (RVS) durante o tratamento com Interferon Peguilado (PegIFN) associado aRibavirina (RBV). Nesse estudo nosso objetivo principal foi avaliar a influência da respostainflamatória através de células e citocinas/quimiocinas sobre a resposta virológica do pacienteem tratamento antiviral com terapia tripla. Incluimos pacientes com RNA VHC+, nuncatratados (naive), portadores do genótipo 1, ambos os sexos e com fibrose avançada F3 (n=6);F4 (n=21) candidatos ao tratamento em regime triplo. Os pacientes tiveram suas amostrascoletadas e analizadas nas semanas 0 e 12 do tratamento e os seguintes parâmetros foramanalisados: IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ, RANTES, MCP-1, MIG, IP-10, através de citometria de fluxo (método CBA). Foram incluídos 15 voluntários saudáveis(grupo controle) e 27 pacientes que foram separados em G1(RVS) e G2 (não RVS), a taxa deRVS foi de 63%. Os pacientes com hepatite C crônica tiveram os níveis circulantes de IP10,MCP-1, MIG, RANTES, IL-8 e IL-6 mais elevados quando comparados com voluntáriossaudáveis, quando comparados G1xG2 os níveis de RANTES (p=0,04... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Brandão, Natália Alberto Alves. "Prevalência e fatores associados às infecções pelos vírus das hepatites B e C em pacientes HIV positivos, atendidos na rede pública de Goiânia - Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3534.
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Hepatitis B and C viruses are responsible for the most common chronic viral infections worldwide. The prevalence of these viruses is higher among HIV-infected individuals, due to common route of transmission. Coinfections HBV / HIV and HCV / HIV seems to be associated with a worst liver disease prognosis. Studies evaluating these coinfections in the mid-western Brazil are scarce. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and the risk factors associated with HBV and HCV coinfections in HIV-positive patients in Goiânia – Goiás. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 495 adults, recruited from the Centro de Referência em Diagnóstico e Terapêutica de Goiânia in 2011. After signing the informed consent, participants were interviewed and material was collected for research markers for HBV (anti-HBc, HBsAg, anti-HBs and HBV DNA) and HCV (anti-HCV and HCV RNA). Prevalence of HBV and HCV infection was estimated. Univariate and multivariate analysis to evaluate factors associated with positivity for both viruses were performed. Odds and adjusted odds ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) and a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Participants mean age was 40.2 years (standard deviation =10. 4) with a male predominance (73.9%). Injecting drugs usage was reported by 3.6% of participants. The prevalence of markers for hepatitis B exposure was 33.5% (CI95% 29.4-37.9). Nineteen patients (3.8%, CI95% 2.4-6.0) were diagnosed as hepatitis B carriers. Prevalence of anti-HCV was 9.7% (CI95% 7.3-12.7). The distribution of HCV genotypes was: 1a (72.7%), 3 (13.6%) and 1b (9.1%). Coinfection by the three viruses was 4.4% (CI95% 2.9-6.8). Male, age ≥ 40 years, previous history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and homo or bisexuality were associated with exposure to HBV. History of injecting drugs and STD were associated with HCV seropositivity. Over half of the coinfected patients were not aware of being HBV or HCV positive. Conclusion: Seromarkers for previous HBV and/or HCV infections are common among individual HIV positives in Goiânia. A significant proportion of them are unaware of their serological status. These findings suggest the need for better screening and guidance improvements for this population
Os vírus das hepatites B (HBV) e C (HCV) são responsáveis pelas infecções crônicas virais mais comuns em todo o mundo. A prevalência dessas infecções é maior entre indivíduos infectados pelo HIV, devido às vias comuns de transmissão desses vírus. As coinfecções HBV/HIV e HCV/HIV parecem estar associadas a um pior prognóstico da doença hepática. Estudos avaliando essas coinfecções, na região centro-oeste do Brasil, são escassos. Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência e analisar fatores sócio-demográficos e comportamentais associados às infecções pelo HBV e HCV em pacientes HIV positivos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com inclusão de 495 pacientes adultos, recrutados no Centro de Referência em Diagnóstico e Terapêutica de Goiânia, em 2011. Após assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, os participantes foram entrevistados e coletouse material para pesquisa de marcadores para o HBV (anti-HBc, HBsAg, anti-HBs e HBV DNA) e HCV (anti-HCV e HCV RNA). Estimou-se a prevalência das infecções pelo HBV e HCV. Foi realizada análise uni e multivariada para avaliar fatores associados com a positividade para os dois vírus. Foram calculados os Odds Ratios brutos e ajustados com respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%) e nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 40,2 anos (desvio padrão=10,4), com predomínio de homens (73,9%). O relato de uso de drogas injetáveis foi feito por 3,6% dos participantes. A prevalência de exposição ao vírus da hepatite B foi de 33,5% (IC95% 29,4-37,9). Dezenove pacientes (3,8%, IC95% 2,4-6,0) foram diagnosticados como portadores do vírus da hepatite B. A prevalência de anti-HCV foi 9,7% (IC95% 7,312,7). A distribuição dos genótipos do HCV nessa população foi: 1a (72,7%), 3 (13,6%) e 1b (9,1%). A coinfecção pelos três vírus foi de 4,4% (IC95% 2,9-6,8). Sexo masculino, idade ≥ 40 anos, relato de doença sexualmente transmissível (DST) e homo ou bissexualismo mostraram-se associados à presença de marcadores de exposição ao HBV. Antecedentes de drogas injetáveis e DST mostraram associação com soropositividade para HCV. Cerca da metade dos pacientes coinfectados não sabia ser HBV ou HCV positivos. Conclusões: Marcadores de exposição prévia ao HBV e ao HCV são frequentes entre os pacientes HIV positivos, em Goiânia. Uma parcela significativa dessa população desconhece seu status sorológico, sugerindo a necessidade de medidas de triagem e de orientação mais efetivas.
Oliveira, Célia Figueiredo de. "Detecção de marcadores sorológicos para hepatite A, B e C associados ao perfil epidemiológico em uma população de estudantes universitários no interior de São Paulo-SP." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311371.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: As hepatites virais constituem um importante problema de saúde pública. São doenças provocadas por agente etiológicos com tropismo primário pelo tecido hepático com características epidemiológicas, clínicas e laboratoriais semelhantes com importantes particularidades. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a prevalência das hepatites A, B e C em estudantes universitários utilizando marcadores sorológicos. Avaliar seus fatores de risco, o nível de conhecimento dos estudantes sobre as vias de transmissão e prevenção e caracterizar a proteção vacinal pelo marcador anti-HBs. O estudo foi realizado em 685 estudantes universitários. Foi aplicado um questionário para avaliar os aspectos sócio-econômicos, epidemiológicos e laboratoriais dos estudantes quanto às hepatites A, B e C. Foi coletado sangue para análise dos marcadores sorológicos anti-HBc, anti-HBs, HBsAg, Anti-HCV, anti-VHA IgG. A prevalência da hepatite A foi de 19,5%, da hepatite B 1,17% e da hepatite C 0,15%. O marcador sorológico anti-HBs com títulos superiores a 10mUI/ml, o qual confere soroproteção, estava presente em 61,2% dos universitários. A análise dos questionários mostrou que os fatores de risco relevantes entre a população estudada foram: o contato com material biológico em atividades laboratoriais (45,1%), com pacientes (38,6%), acupuntura (14,8%), tatuagem (13,5%), droga inalatória (8,09%) e droga injetável (0,73%). Quanto ao comportamento sexual, 71,5% já tiveram de 1 a 3 relacionamentos regulares e 42,9% usavam preservativos e 7,7% nunca fizeram uso. Dos estudantes universitários analisados, 88,7% relataram ter conhecimento das vias de transmissão e prevenção das hepatites. A análise dos dados mostra que é de extrema importância quando os estudantes universitários iniciam sua jornada acadêmica, independente do curso ser da área da saúde deveriam ser vacinados (vacina para VHA e VHB) uma vez que se trata de uma população exposta aos fatores de risco para aquisição de hepatites. Seria interessante incluir no calendário escolar, palestras que possibilite sempre a atualização sobre o conhecimento das hepatites principalmente sobre transmissão parenteral e sexual, da prevenção, da importância do conhecimento do seu status vacinal
Abstract: The objective this study was to determinate the prevalence of the hepatitis A, B and C among graduate students using serological markers. To evaluate their risk factors, the knowledgement level of the students about the transmission pathways and prevention and to characterize the vaccine-related protection by the anti-Hbs marker. Six hundred eighty five graduate students were enrolled in this study. The students were submitted to enquiry about to evaluate the socio economic, epidemiological and laboratorial aspects of the students concerning hepatitis A, B and C. Peripheral blood was collected from students to perform the following serological marker: anti-HBc, anti-HBs, HBsAg, anti-HCV and HAV IgG. The prevalence of hepatitis A was 19.5%, hepatitis B was 1.17% and hepatitis C was 0.15%. The anti-HBs marker with titles higher than 10 mUI/mL which is consistent with protection was present in 61.2% of the students. The analysis of enquires showed that the relevant risk factors among the studied cohort were: contact to biological materials during laboratorial proceedings (45.1%), contact to patients (38.6%), acupuncture (14.8%), tattoo (13.5%), inhalatory drug (8.09%) and injectable drugs (0.73%). Whereas sexual practices, 71.5% already had from 1 to 3 regular relationship, 42.9% of them used condom and 7.7% had never used. Among the students enrolled in this study, 88.7% reported to have knowledge about the transmission pathways and prevention of the hepatitis. The data analysis showed that is extremely important to the students to have access to lectures concerning general knowledge about hepatitis and about pathways of transmission, prevention and about the importance of vaccine-related prophylaxis. Access to that lectures should begin when the students start their academic journey, independently if the course is or not included among health courses. In addition, vaccination should be included in their academic programming
Mestrado
Ciencias Basicas
Mestre em Clinica Medica
Nogueira, Camila Tita [UNESP]. "Estudo da influência dos genótipos 1 e 3 do vírus da hepatite C sobre os indicadores do metabolismo lipídico em hepatopatas crônicos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93604.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os perfis metabólicos correlacionam-se com a infecção pelo VHC e são prognósticos da resposta viral em pacientes crônicos. Porém, pouco se sabe a respeito da associação entre perfis lipídicos e carga viral do VHC entre infecções dos genótipos 1, 2 ou 3. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência da viremia e dos genótipos do VHC sobre o metabolismo lipídico através das variações de lipoproteínas séricas (colesterol total, LDL, HDL, VLDL, triglicérides) e apolipoproteína B (Apo B) em hepatopatas crônicos, avaliando se o VHC predispõe os indivíduos ao aparecimento de complicações vasculares. O grupo amostral constituiu-se de um total de 150 pacientes crônicos do VHC com genótipos 1, 2 ou 3, e de um grupo controle de 20 indivíduos saudáveis (10 homens e 10 mulheres) em idade adulta (20 à 50 anos). Os níveis séricos de HDL (28%), VLDL (26%) e triglicérides (26%) nos portadores crônicos do VHC se mostraram diminuídos em relação ao grupo controle, enquanto os níveis de LDL (25%) e Apo B (29%) se mostraram elevados, resultados que foram mais importantes nos portadores do genótipo 3a. Observou-se correlação positiva entre a viremia e alterações nos níveis de apo B (r = 0,5763) nos portadores do genótipo 1b. Assim, foi pressuposto que o risco de pacientes portadores do VHC desenvolverem complicações vasculares é elevado, pois 1% de redução nos níveis de LDL está associado com uma redução de 2-3% no risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardíacas, e como cerca de 90% da proteína na LDL se constitui de apo B, sua concentração plasmática indica o número total de partículas potencialmente aterogênicas. Desta forma, o perfil lipídico auxilia no diagnóstico da severidade da infecção hepática causada pelo VHC e ainda atua como um bom sinal prognóstico.
The metabolic profiles correlate with the hepatitis C virus infection and are prognostics for the viral reply in chronic patients. However, little is known regarding the distinguishing association between lipid profiles and hepatitis C viral load in patients carrying genotypes 1, 2 or 3. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study viremia and genotypes on the lipid metabolism through the serum lipoprotein variations (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL, triglycerides) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in chronic carriers of this infection, evaluating if the HCV premakes the individual to the lipidic disequilibrium and favors the appearance of vascular complications. The amostral group consisted of 150 HCV chronic patients with genotypes 1, 2 or 3, and a control group consisted of 20 healthful individuals (10 men and 10 women) in adult age (20 to 50 years). The levels of HDL (28%), VLDL (26%) and triglycerides (26%) of the HCV chronic patients were lower than the control group, while the LDL levels (25%) and the Apo B levels (29%) were higher. These findings were more significant in the genotype 3a carrying patients. Positive correlation occurred between the viremia and the alterations in the Apo B levels (r = 0.5763) in the genotype 1b carrying patients. Consequently it was inferred that the risk of HCV patients to develop vascular complication is elevated. In general, 1% of reduction in the LDL levels is associated with a reduction of 2-3% in the risk of development of cardiac illnesses, and, as about 90% of the protein in the LDL is constituted of apo B, its plasmatic concentration indicates the total potentially atherogenics particles number. The lipid profile aids in the diagnosis of the severity of the hepatic infection and equally acts as a good signal prognostic, therefore its analysis must be carried through in all the cases of advanced hepatic infection.
Lima, Lais Roncalho de [UNESP]. "Imunossensores à base de filmes nanoestruturados de fibroína da seda - peptídeo antigênico NS5A-1-vanadato de ítrio: európio para detecção de Hepatite C." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110709.
Full textNeste trabalho foram investigados a fibroína da seda (silk fibroin, SF) com o peptídeo antigênico da proteína NS5A-1 derivado do vírus da hepatite C (HCV) e nanopartículas de vanadato de ítrio dopadas com európio em filmes nanoestruturados. Dois foram os tópicos abordados: i) interação e organização estrutural do peptídeo com a fibroína. ii) imobilização do peptídeo, da fibroína e nanopartículas em filmes automontados (Layer-by-Layer, LbL), visando estudar a interação específica peptídeo antigênico-anticorpo e a produção de protótipos de imunossensores. As interações fibroína-peptídeo foram estudadas em solução e em filmes LbL pelas técnicas espectroscópicas de dicroísmo circular e luminescência. Os resultados indicaram que há uma mudança conformacional da fibroína em solução para a fibroína em filmes, de aleatória para folha-β, respectivamente, e que o filme de fibroína induz a estrutura secundária do peptídeo que não possui uma conformação bioativa em solução. O crescimento dos filmes LbL foi monitorado por espectroscopia UV-visível, e pôde-se observar um crescimento linear a cada deposição realizada. Além do estudo fundamental das interações a nível molecular, os sistemas foram utilizados para o desenvolvimento de protótipos de imunossensores. A interação peptídeo antigênico-anticorpo foi estudada por medidas de detecção eletroquímica, elétrica e óptica. Para a detecção eletroquímica realizou-se medidas de voltametria cíclica, indicando uma diminuição na corrente quando em presença dos anticorpos anti-HCV e testes em amostras reais soropositivas para o vírus, que indicaram uma maior densidade de elétrons nos voltamogramas referentes às amostras infectadas. A detecção elétrica foi analisada por espectroscopia de impedância elétrica, e observou-se que há um aumento no sinal da capacitância e das perdas dielétricas de acordo com o aumento da concentração...
The present study investigated the silk fibroin (SF) with the antigenic peptide of the NS5A-1 protein of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and nanoparticles of yttrium vanadate doped with europium immobilized on nanostructured films. Two main topics were explored: i) interaction and structural organization of the peptide with fibroin. ii) immobilization of the peptide together with fibroin and nanoparticles in LbL films (Layer- by- Layer), in order to study the specific interaction peptide antigen-antibody and production of prototype immunosensors. The fibroin-peptide interactions were studied in solution and in LbL films by spectroscopic techniques of circular dichroism and luminescence. The results indicate that there is a conformational change of fibroin in the fibroin solution in film, sheet to random coil-B, respectively, and that the fibroin film induces the secondary structure of the peptide does not possess a bioactive conformation in solution. The growth of the LbL films was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy, and could observe a linear growth every deposit made. Besides the fundamental study of interactions at the molecular level, the systems were used for the development of prototype immunosensors. The peptide antigen-antibody interaction was studied by electrochemical, electrical and optical detection measures. For electrochemical detection, were made cyclic voltammetry measurements indicating a decrease in current when in the presence of anti-HCV antibodies, and were made tests on real samples seropositive for the virus, which indicated a higher density of electrons in voltammograms respect to infected samples. The electrical detection was analyzed by electrical impedance spectroscopy, and it was observed that there is an increase in the signal of capacitance and the dielectric losses in accordance with the increase in antibody concentration. This increase in signal is higher for films containing smaller number of bilayers and...
Gryninger, Gabriela. "Influência do vírus da hepatite B na infecção crônica pelo vírus da hepatite C : perfil das séricas e histopatologia hepática /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89937.
Full textBanca: Sueli Aparecida Calvi
Banca: Maria Cassia Jacintho Mendes Correa
Resumo: O vírus da hepatite C é uma das principais causas de doença hepática no mundo inteiro. O estudo histopatológico é de grande importância no prognóstico e indicação de tratamento. A coinfecção com o vírus da hepatite B oculta pode agravar a lesão hepática e diminuir a resposta ao tratamento. As citocinas IL-2, INF, TNF- induzem lesão hepática e fibrose. A IL-10 apresenta atividade antiinflamatória e o TGF- induz o desenvolvimento e depósito de matriz extracelular causando fibrose. Este estudo avaliou, em pacientes com HCC, a presença da hepatite B oculta, a dosagem das citocinas IL-2, INF, TNF , TGF e IL-10, correlacionando com o estágio de fibrose em pacientes tratados e não tratados com interferon, comparando também com indivíduos saudáveis. Foram estudados 55 pacientes com HCC crônica, atendidos na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, excluindo-se pacientes imunossuprimidos e gestantes. O grupo controle foi constituído de 20 indivíduos doadores de sangue. O vírus da hepatite B oculto foi pesquisado por de PCR in house, segundo técnica de Kaneno, com limite de detecção menor que 100 cópias/ml. A dosagem de citocinas foi determinada por método de Elisa. A avaliação da fibrose hepática seguiu aquela proposta pela Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia. Os resultados mostraram predominância do gênero masculino, adulto jovem, 36,4% foram usuários de drogas endovenosas e 41,8% haviam sido hemotransfundidos. Nenhum paciente apresentou coinfecção pelo vírus da hepatite B oculto. Na biópsia hepática predominou fibrose leve ou ausência de fibrose (47,2%). As citocinas analisadas não discriminaram o grau de fibrose nos indivíduos com HCC crônica, mesmo quando separados em pacientes que foram submetidos ao tratamento e pacientes que não receberam o tratamento. Não houve também discriminação das citocinas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Hepatitis C virus is one of the major causes of hepatic diseases worldwide. Histopathological analyses play a leading role in determining disease outcome and treatment. Co-infection with occult Hepatitis B can aggravate liver injury and diminish treatment response. Cytokines such as IL-2, INF and TNF- induce liver injury and fibrosis. IL-10 has an antiinflamatory action and TGF- induces extracellular matrix development and deposition causing fibrosis. In this study, the presence of occult Hepatitis B and the expression of IL-2, INF, TNF , TGF and IL-10 were assessed in HCC patients and correlated with fibrosis stage in patients treated and non-treated with interferon, as well as healthy individuals. A total of 55 patients with chronic HCC seen at Botucatu Medical School were included. Immunosuppressed or pregnant patients were excluded. The control group consisted of 20 blood donors. The occult Hepatitis B virus was detected by in-house PCR according to the technique of Kaneno with a detection limit < 100 clones/ml. Cytokine levels were determined by the Elisa method. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed as proposed by the Brazilian Society of Pathology. The results showed a predominance of male young adults of whom 36.4% had used endovenous drugs and 41.8% had been hemotransfused. No patient showed occult Hepatitis B co-infection. Hepatic biopsy revealed that fibrosis was either absent or mild in most cases (47.2%). The cytokines under study did not correlate with fibrosis stage in individuals with chronic HCC no matter whether they had or not received treatment. In addition, no correlations with cytokine levels were observed when VHC patients were separated into groups of individuals treated and non-treated with interferon . However, cytokine expressions were significantly increased in all cases in comparison with the control group.
Mestre
Lima, Lais Roncalho de. "Imunossensores à base de filmes nanoestruturados de fibroína da seda - peptídeo antigênico NS5A-1-vanadato de ítrio: európio para detecção de Hepatite C /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110709.
Full textCo-orientador: Marli Leite de Moraes
Banca: Eduardo Maffud Cilli
Banca: Orlando Fatibello Filho
Resumo: Neste trabalho foram investigados a fibroína da seda (silk fibroin, SF) com o peptídeo antigênico da proteína NS5A-1 derivado do vírus da hepatite C (HCV) e nanopartículas de vanadato de ítrio dopadas com európio em filmes nanoestruturados. Dois foram os tópicos abordados: i) interação e organização estrutural do peptídeo com a fibroína. ii) imobilização do peptídeo, da fibroína e nanopartículas em filmes automontados (Layer-by-Layer, LbL), visando estudar a interação específica peptídeo antigênico-anticorpo e a produção de protótipos de imunossensores. As interações fibroína-peptídeo foram estudadas em solução e em filmes LbL pelas técnicas espectroscópicas de dicroísmo circular e luminescência. Os resultados indicaram que há uma mudança conformacional da fibroína em solução para a fibroína em filmes, de aleatória para folha-β, respectivamente, e que o filme de fibroína induz a estrutura secundária do peptídeo que não possui uma conformação bioativa em solução. O crescimento dos filmes LbL foi monitorado por espectroscopia UV-visível, e pôde-se observar um crescimento linear a cada deposição realizada. Além do estudo fundamental das interações a nível molecular, os sistemas foram utilizados para o desenvolvimento de protótipos de imunossensores. A interação peptídeo antigênico-anticorpo foi estudada por medidas de detecção eletroquímica, elétrica e óptica. Para a detecção eletroquímica realizou-se medidas de voltametria cíclica, indicando uma diminuição na corrente quando em presença dos anticorpos anti-HCV e testes em amostras reais soropositivas para o vírus, que indicaram uma maior densidade de elétrons nos voltamogramas referentes às amostras infectadas. A detecção elétrica foi analisada por espectroscopia de impedância elétrica, e observou-se que há um aumento no sinal da capacitância e das perdas dielétricas de acordo com o aumento da concentração...
Abstract: The present study investigated the silk fibroin (SF) with the antigenic peptide of the NS5A-1 protein of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and nanoparticles of yttrium vanadate doped with europium immobilized on nanostructured films. Two main topics were explored: i) interaction and structural organization of the peptide with fibroin. ii) immobilization of the peptide together with fibroin and nanoparticles in LbL films (Layer- by- Layer), in order to study the specific interaction peptide antigen-antibody and production of prototype immunosensors. The fibroin-peptide interactions were studied in solution and in LbL films by spectroscopic techniques of circular dichroism and luminescence. The results indicate that there is a conformational change of fibroin in the fibroin solution in film, sheet to random coil-B, respectively, and that the fibroin film induces the secondary structure of the peptide does not possess a bioactive conformation in solution. The growth of the LbL films was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy, and could observe a linear growth every deposit made. Besides the fundamental study of interactions at the molecular level, the systems were used for the development of prototype immunosensors. The peptide antigen-antibody interaction was studied by electrochemical, electrical and optical detection measures. For electrochemical detection, were made cyclic voltammetry measurements indicating a decrease in current when in the presence of anti-HCV antibodies, and were made tests on real samples seropositive for the virus, which indicated a higher density of electrons in voltammograms respect to infected samples. The electrical detection was analyzed by electrical impedance spectroscopy, and it was observed that there is an increase in the signal of capacitance and the dielectric losses in accordance with the increase in antibody concentration. This increase in signal is higher for films containing smaller number of bilayers and...
Mestre
Ariede, Jovita Ramos [UNESP]. "Avaliação da carga viral do virus da hepatite C em diferentes compartimentos biológicos: influência na predição da recidiva virológica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88063.
Full textA detecção do RNA viral do VHC tem sido documentada em outros compartimentos biológicos além do soro e plasma de pacientes infectados pelo vírus, como nas plaquetas. No entanto, sua influência na terapia antiviral é desconhecida. Poucos estudos têm sido realizados na tentativa de avaliar a quantificação do RNA viral em outros compartimentos biológicos e a significância deste achado no resultado da terapia antiviral. Considerando que o VHC é carreado pelas plaquetas na circulação, a avaliação quantitativa do RNA viral neste compartimento biológico pode se mostrar distinta da observada no plasma.Realizar a avaliação comparativa in vitro do RNA do VHC plasmático e do RNA do VHC carreado à plaqueta e, realizar a avaliação comparativa da quantificação do RNA viral do VHC em plasma e plaquetas de pacientes com recidiva ao tratamento antiviral.Amostras de sangue periférico provenientes de pacientes infectados pelo VHC foram utilizadas para realização de dois experimentos. Experimento in vitro (repetido em triplicata) consistiu na separação de quatro alíquotas da mesma amostra, as quais foram submetidas a incubação a 37oC por 30xg por diferentes intervalos de tempo (0, 48, 96, 144h) e, posteriormente separadas para obtenção de plasma e pellet de plaquetas. A partir de cada uma destas frações foi extraído RNA viral, o qual foi utilizado como fonte para qPCR. Experimento in vivo: Foram acompanhados pacientes que iniciaram e finalizaram a terapêutica entre janeiro de 2011 a julho de 2012 e, dentre estes, os que apresentaram recidiva virológica ao tratamento antiviral estabelecido. Dos pacientes em recidiva virológica foram processadas amostras para a obtenção do plasma e pellet de plaquetas em dois momentos: no momento da recidiva virológica e, no momento imediatamente anterior (12 semanas anteriores...
Treatment for chronic hepatitis C is effective in about 50% of patients treated with exogenous interferon, which induces interferon-stimulated genes leading to endogenous interferon production. Integrins are involved in interferon production and structural modifications of them can be associated with altered function. Some integrins, expressed on the platelet membrane, show polymorphic antigenic determinants called human platelet antigens (HPA). The association between HCV infection and HPA-5b has already been demonstrated, in the same way the HPA profile could be associated with therapeutic response. This study aimed evaluates the association between the HPA-1, -3, -5 frequencies and therapy response in HCV-infected patients. HPA genotyping was performed in 168 HCV-infected patients by PCRSSP or PCR-RFLP. The patients were on interferon- (48.8%: 43.9% carriers of HCV genotype 1 and 56.1% non-1) or peginterferon (51.2%; 87.2% carriers of HCV genotype 1 and 12.8% non-1), both combined with ribavirin. Statistical analysis was performed using the proportional odds model. The genotypic frequency of HPA-1a/1b was significantly higher in the patients with therapeutic failure (odds ratio=3.58, 95% CI -1.18 – 10.82). The results suggest that the HPA-1a/1b genotype is associated with therapy failure... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Erup, Louise, Alice Lettius, and Elisabeth Mollberg. "Sjuksköterskans bemötande till patienter med hepatit B och hepatit C : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-41342.
Full textBackground: Hepatitis B and C are currently considered to be the largest infectious diseases with lethal repercussions. The diseases are considered a worldwide burden, which between 2018 and 2019, caused the death of an estimated 1,9 million people. In nursing, nurses are meant to shield patients, work on a personal basis with them, show the respect and not offend them. Patients with hepatitis B and C have expressed a feeling of stigmatization and prejudice towards how they were infected. Therefore, they feel their care could be affected in a negative way. The aim of this literature study was to explore nurses’ attitudes towards patients with hepatitis B and C. The method emanated from a literature study where 13 scientific articles showed results for how nurses’ attitudes towards patients with blood diseases varies. The results showed that nurses’ attitudes towards patient infected with hepatitis B and C can be both positive and negative. Statistically significant associations occurred between a lack of knowledge and worsened attitude in nursing, the reason was often because of fear and preconceptions. Findings showed a relation between using correct safe precautions and confidence in nursing. Conclusion: The attitude towards patients with hepatitis B and C was positive over all but there were some nurses with a stigmatized perception and reluctance to handle those patients.
Maia, Sarah Cristina Oliveira Machado. "Análise de custo-efetividade do tratamento da hepatite C crônica genótipo 1: comparação da adição do boceprevir a terapia padrão (interferon-α peguilado e ribavirina)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-16062015-140318/.
Full textThe Hepatitis C virus affects around 150 million of people worldwide and it is the most common reason for liver transplantation. Viral eradication, by drug treatment, is the only therapeutic intervention that may halt the disease progression, reduce HCV-related mortality and improve the quality of life of infected patients. Boceprevir, a protease inhibitor, was approved in 2011, being to be added to standard of care (peguilated interferon-α and ribavirin) by the Brazilian Protocol of treatment of genotype 1 Hepatitis C, in patients with degree of fibrosis greater than F2. Due to the high cost of acquisition of this drug and the increasing production of new technologies in this therapeutic area, the aim of this work was develop a cost-effectiveness analysis, comparing the triple therapy with the standard of care (double therapy) for treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C in treatment-naïve patients of all degrees of fibrosis. It was constructed a Markov Model with 15 health states representing the natural history of chronic Hepatitis C. The model followed a hypothetic cohort by lifetime, where costs were expressed in Reais and outcomes in life-years gained, under the perspective of Brazilian public health system. The calculated ICER, with discount rate of 5% to costs and outcomes, was R$201.504, 92 by life-years gained. Considering three times GDP per capita for cost-effectiveness threshold, according WHO recommendation, boceprevir was not cost-effective, when considered treatment-naïve patients of all degrees of fibrosis. By sensitivity analysis, none of the variables had a big impact in the ICER, except when it was stopped applying the discount rate in outcomes, in which the triple therapy became cost-effective.
Barbosa, Alexandre Naime. "Avaliação das citocinas (ELISA e RT-PCR) e da fibrose hepática na coinfecção pelo HIV e vírus da hepatite C /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101466.
Full textBanca: Alexandrina Sartori
Banca: Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
Banca: Fernando Lopes Gonçalves Júnior
Resumo: A aids e a hepatite C crônica são infecções caracterizadas por importante processo inflamatório contínuo, regulado por uma complexa interação entre citocinas. A persistência da atividade inflamatória crônica está intimamente relacionada com a progressão da patogênese da aids, bem como na indução de fibrose na hepatite C. Com o objetivo de avaliar o padrão de citocinas na infecção pelo HIV e na hepatite C crônica, as citocinas IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, INF-γ, TGF-β foram dosadas por Elisa e RT-PCR em cinco grupos: pacientes coinfectados pelo HIV/VHC (n=22), monoinfectados pelo HIV com supressão virológica pelo tratamento, e sem supressão virológica (n=17), monoinfectados pelo VHC (n=22) e um grupo controle composto por indivíduos doadores de sangue (n=10). IL-4 e IL-10 estiveram aumentadas consistentemente nos quatro grupos de estudo, determinando predomínio do perfil Th-2. INF-γ, TNF-α e TGF-β estiveram aumentados apenas nos grupos com infecção pelo VHC, com ou sem coinfecção pelo HIV. No grupo de monoinfectados pelo HIV com supressão virológica, a IL-2 dosada por RT-RCR esteve aumentada, porém os níveis séricos dosados por Elisa estavam normais. A alta produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias INF-γ, TNF-α e TGF-β nos dois grupos de pacientes com infecção pelo VHC refletem o processo progressivo de acúmulo de inflamação e fibrose hepática. Já o predomínio de IL-4 e IL-10 em todos os grupos, citocinas ligadas ao perfil Th-2, demonstram a incapacidade de produção de uma resposta citotóxica Th-1, perpetuando a infecção e a inflamação crônica, mesmo naqueles indivíduos com supressão virológica pelo tratamento. Além de drogas antivirais, novos tratamentos imunomoduladores têm sido propostos para a erradicação viral, ou a interrupção das lesões causadas pelo estado inflamatório crônico... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Both AIDS and chronic hepatitis C (HCV) are characterized by continuous inflammatory process, regulated by a complex interaction between cytokines. The persistence of chronic inflammatory activity is closely related to the progression of the pathogenesis of AIDS, as well as the induction of fibrosis in HCV. In order to analyze the role of cytokines in HIV/HCV coinfection and the fibrosis progression, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF- α, INF-γ, TGF-β were measured by ELISA and RT -PCR in five groups: HIV/HCV coinfected patients (n = 22), HCV monoinfected patients (n = 22), HIV monoinfected patients with and without virological suppression (n = 17) and a control group composed by blood donors (n = 10). Hepatic biopsy and METAVIR classification were performed in all HCV patients (n=44). The baseline characteristics (sex, age and race) of all groups were similar. No correlations were found between cytokines and hepatic fibrosis. IL-4 and IL-10 were consistently increased in the four study groups, findings associated to a Th-2 profile. INF- γ, TNF-α and TGF-β were increased only in groups with HCV infection. In the group of HIV monoinfected patients with virological suppression, IL-2 measured by RT-RCR was increased, but serum levels measured by ELISA were normal. The high production of proinflammatory cytokines INF-γ, TNF-α and TGF-β in two groups of patients with HCV infection reflect the gradual process of inflammation and liver fibrosis. The predominance of IL-4 and IL-10 in all study groups demonstrates an inability to promote a cytotoxic Th-1 response. Even in HIV monoinfected patients with virological suppression with increased IL-2 expression, Th-2 cytokines were the predominant, perpetuating the chronic inflammation. In addition to antiviral drugs, new immunomodulatory treatments have been proposed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Schweller, Mariana Salhab Dall' Aqua 1986. "Prevalência e características clínico epidemiológicas de gestantes com hepatite C atendidas no CAISM - UNICAMP = Prevalence and clinical epidemiological features of hepatitis C infection among pregnant women at CAISM - UNICAMP." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312687.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: A Hepatite C é um dos maiores problemas atuais de saúde pública, com mais de 150 milhões de pessoas contaminadas. A evolução da doença geralmente é assintomática e suas complicações são cirrose, fibrose hepática e hepatocarcinoma. Na gestação o tratamento não é recomendado, com possível piora da doença no período. Objetivo: identificar a prevalência de Hepatite C em gestantes que realizaram acompanhamento pré-natal no Hospital da Mulher Professor José Aristodemo Pinotti - Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM) da UNICAMP, analisando dados clínicos, epidemiológicos e resultados perinatais. Metodologia: estudo de corte transversal cuja amostra foi composta por gestantes atendidas nos ambulatórios de pré-natal do CAISM entre 2005 e 2014 com sorologia positiva para Hepatite C. As pacientes foram identificadas através de listas informatizadas do serviço, e seus prontuários levantados para análise de dados sociodemográficos, epidemiológicos e desfechos perinatais. A análise dos dados foi feita através da distribuição percentual ou de médias. Resultados: na população de 29.327 gestantes atendidas pelo pré-natal entre 2005 e 2014, a prevalência de Hepatite C foi de 0,2%. Das 47 mulheres incluídas no estudo, a idade média foi de 32,5 anos, houve 49% de prevalência de baixa escolaridade, metade das participantes não planejaram a gestação, sendo que 38% destas não faziam uso de métodos contraceptivos. Além disso, 34% apresentaram coinfecção pelo HIV e 34% relataram uso de drogas. O número médio de gestações por paciente foi 3. Não se observou um pior desfecho perinatal, com peso médio de 2827,5 gramas ao nascimento e idade gestacional média de 39 semanas e 4 dias. Conclusões: Entre as pacientes infectadas pelo vírus C, observamos maior prevalência da raça branca, baixa escolaridade e coinfecção com HIV. Como principais fatores de risco para contaminação pela doença, foram identificados o uso de drogas, histórico de transfusões sanguíneas e a coinfecção com o HIV. Além disso, foram observadas maiores taxas de aborto, cesáreas e prematuridade neonatal em relação a outros estudos, fatores relacionados ao aumento da morbimortalidade materna, fetal e neonatal
Abstract: Introduction: Hepatitis C is a leading public health problem, with more than 150 million people infected. Disease evolution is usually asymptomatic, and complications are cirrhosis, liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment is not recommended during pregnancy, but it may influence disease evolution. Objective: To identify Hepatitis C prevalence in pregnant women attended at Professor Doctor José Aristodemo Pinotti Women's Integrated Healthcare Center (CAISM) of the UNICAMP Medical School during prenatal period, analyzing clinical and epidemiological data, including perinatal outcomes. Methods: Authors performed a cross-sectional study with pregnant women who tested positive for Hepatitis C and gave birth at CAISM, between 2005 and 2014. Demographic, epidemiological and perinatal data were extracted from each patient¿s hospital records. Data analysis was made through media or percentage distribution. Results: Among 29.327 women treated at CAISM between 2005 and 2014, Hepatitis C prevalence was 0,2%. The mean maternal age at delivery was 32.5 years, 49% had low education and 49% did not plan the pregnancy. Among them, 38% did not use contraceptive methods. In addition, 34% had coinfection with HIV and 34% reported use of drugs. The average number of pregnancies per woman was 3, and there was no significant evidence of disease influence in pregnancy outcomes. Newborns¿ average weight was 2,827.5 grams, and the average of the gestational age was 39 weeks and 4 days. Conclusions: Among patients infected with Hepatitis C, there was predominance of the white race, low education and HIV coinfection. Drug addiction, blood transfusions and HIV co-infection were the main risk factors for contamination. When compared with other similar studies, this study found higher rates of abortion, cesarean sections and neonatal prematurity. These factors are associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality
Mestrado
Saúde Materna e Perinatal
Mestra em Ciências da Saúde
Barbosa, Alexandre Naime [UNESP]. "Avaliação das citocinas (ELISA e RT-PCR) e da fibrose hepática na coinfecção pelo HIV e vírus da hepatite C." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101466.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A aids e a hepatite C crônica são infecções caracterizadas por importante processo inflamatório contínuo, regulado por uma complexa interação entre citocinas. A persistência da atividade inflamatória crônica está intimamente relacionada com a progressão da patogênese da aids, bem como na indução de fibrose na hepatite C. Com o objetivo de avaliar o padrão de citocinas na infecção pelo HIV e na hepatite C crônica, as citocinas IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, INF-γ, TGF-β foram dosadas por Elisa e RT-PCR em cinco grupos: pacientes coinfectados pelo HIV/VHC (n=22), monoinfectados pelo HIV com supressão virológica pelo tratamento, e sem supressão virológica (n=17), monoinfectados pelo VHC (n=22) e um grupo controle composto por indivíduos doadores de sangue (n=10). IL-4 e IL-10 estiveram aumentadas consistentemente nos quatro grupos de estudo, determinando predomínio do perfil Th-2. INF-γ, TNF-α e TGF-β estiveram aumentados apenas nos grupos com infecção pelo VHC, com ou sem coinfecção pelo HIV. No grupo de monoinfectados pelo HIV com supressão virológica, a IL-2 dosada por RT-RCR esteve aumentada, porém os níveis séricos dosados por Elisa estavam normais. A alta produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias INF-γ, TNF-α e TGF-β nos dois grupos de pacientes com infecção pelo VHC refletem o processo progressivo de acúmulo de inflamação e fibrose hepática. Já o predomínio de IL-4 e IL-10 em todos os grupos, citocinas ligadas ao perfil Th-2, demonstram a incapacidade de produção de uma resposta citotóxica Th-1, perpetuando a infecção e a inflamação crônica, mesmo naqueles indivíduos com supressão virológica pelo tratamento. Além de drogas antivirais, novos tratamentos imunomoduladores têm sido propostos para a erradicação viral, ou a interrupção das lesões causadas pelo estado inflamatório crônico...
Both AIDS and chronic hepatitis C (HCV) are characterized by continuous inflammatory process, regulated by a complex interaction between cytokines. The persistence of chronic inflammatory activity is closely related to the progression of the pathogenesis of AIDS, as well as the induction of fibrosis in HCV. In order to analyze the role of cytokines in HIV/HCV coinfection and the fibrosis progression, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF- α, INF-γ, TGF-β were measured by ELISA and RT -PCR in five groups: HIV/HCV coinfected patients (n = 22), HCV monoinfected patients (n = 22), HIV monoinfected patients with and without virological suppression (n = 17) and a control group composed by blood donors (n = 10). Hepatic biopsy and METAVIR classification were performed in all HCV patients (n=44). The baseline characteristics (sex, age and race) of all groups were similar. No correlations were found between cytokines and hepatic fibrosis. IL-4 and IL-10 were consistently increased in the four study groups, findings associated to a Th-2 profile. INF- γ, TNF-α and TGF-β were increased only in groups with HCV infection. In the group of HIV monoinfected patients with virological suppression, IL-2 measured by RT-RCR was increased, but serum levels measured by ELISA were normal. The high production of proinflammatory cytokines INF-γ, TNF-α and TGF-β in two groups of patients with HCV infection reflect the gradual process of inflammation and liver fibrosis. The predominance of IL-4 and IL-10 in all study groups demonstrates an inability to promote a cytotoxic Th-1 response. Even in HIV monoinfected patients with virological suppression with increased IL-2 expression, Th-2 cytokines were the predominant, perpetuating the chronic inflammation. In addition to antiviral drugs, new immunomodulatory treatments have been proposed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Ferreira, Ana Rita Filgueiras. "Hepatitis C virus and peroxisomes : evasion from the cellular antiviral response." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14348.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) causes the most prevalent viral infection worldwide. Upon infection, the HCV genome is detected by the RIG-I-MAVS signalling pathway leading to the production of direct antiviral effectors. NS3/4A protease is the main inhibitor of innate immunity against HCV and it was found to inhibit the mitochondrial signalling protein (MAVS). MAVS was recently found to localize at peroxisomes coordinating with mitochondria the activation of effective antiviral response. Peroxisomal MAVS is responsible for inducing a rapid but short termed antiviral response that is IFNindependent, contrary to mitochondrial MAVS which is associated with the activation of an IFN-dependent antiviral response with delayed kinetics. With this work we aimed at evaluating the effect of NS3/4A over the peroxisomal– MAVS pathway. Our results showed that the MAVS localizing exclusively at peroxisomes is targeted by the HCV NS3/4A protease. We also show that the MAVS cleavage by NS3/4A impaired the antiviral response mediated by peroxisomal-MAVS. These results reaffirm the importance of peroxisomes for viral-host interaction and in antiviral defences. Further studies are proposed in order to better understand the role of this organelle in innate immunity. These may lead to the improvement of therapy against HCV infection.
O vírus da hepatite C (VHC) provoca a infeção viral mais prevalente em todo o mundo. Após infeção, o genoma do VHC é detetado pela via de sinalização RIGI- MAVS levando à produção de efetores diretos da resposta antiviral. A protease NS3/4A é o principal inibidor da resposta imune produzido pelo VHC e foi descrito como inibidor da proteína MAVS. A proteína MAVS foi recentemente localizada nos peroxissomas que, juntamente com a mitocôndria, coordenam a resposta antiviral. A MAVS peroxisomal é responsável pela indução de uma resposta antiviral rápida mas de curta duração que é independente de interferões, mas pelo contrário, a MAVS mitocondrial está associada a uma ativação da resposta antiviral que é dependente de interferões mas que se caracteriza por uma cinética retardada. O nosso objetivo com este trabalho consistiu em avaliar o efeito da NS3/4A na via de sinalização coordenada pelos peroxissomas. Os nossos resultados mostram que a MAVS localizada nos peroxissomas é alvo da protease NS3/4A do VHC. Também mostramos que a clivagem da proteína MAVS pela NS3/4A inibe a resposta antiviral mediada pela MAVS peroxissomal. Estes resultados reafirmam a importância dos peroxissomas na interação vírushospedeiro e na defesa antiviral. Futuros estudos são aconselhados para que se compreenda a função dos peroxissomas na imunidade inata. Estes podem levar a uma melhoria na terapia da infeção pelo VHC.
Laestadius, Hanna, and Berfin Güven. "Hur patienter med hepatit B och hepatit C upplever bemötandet av omvårdnadspersonal." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-397661.
Full textBakgrund: År 2019 anses hepatit vara den näst dödligaste virusinfektionen i världen. Det är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem. Hepatit är ett DNA-virus som kan leda till kronisk hepatit och levercirros. Både hepatit B och C är blodsmittor vilket innebär att de smittar genom att blod kommer i kontakt med skadad hud, slemhinna eller öga. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur patienter med hepatit B och C upplever bemötandet från omvårdnadspersonal. Metod: Studien är en litteraturöversikt med beskrivande design. Studien har genomförts genom granskning av 10 vetenskapliga artiklar. Valda artiklar har hittats genom sökningar på PubMed och CINAHL. Skillnader och likheter har noterats för att skapa större förståelse för resultatet. Resultat: Resultatet består av fyra kategorier som påvisar hur patienter med hepatit B och C upplever bemötandet från omvårdnadspersonal. De fyra kategorierna är otillräcklig- och felaktig information, undanhållande av diagnosen hepatit och avvisande bemötande från omvårdnadspersonalen. Patienterna hade ett stort behov av stöd i form av information och förståelse. Det negativa bemötandet från omvårdnadspersonalen kunde ofta härledas till okunskap. Slutsats: Slutsatsen av denna studie är att patienter med hepatit B och C upplever negativt bemötande från omvårdnadspersonal. Det negativa bemötandet är ofta kopplat till information och brist på sådan. Det finns en kunskapslucka hos omvårdnadspersonal när det gäller hepatit vilket får konsekvenser för patientens behandling och hälsa. Denna studie kan komma att få betydelse för den framtida vården för patienter med hepatit genom att konsekvenser av det befintliga bemötandet belyses.
Rodrigues, João Paulo Vilela. "Efetividade e segurança dos inibidores da protease de primeira geração indicados ao tratamento de pacientes cronicamente infectados pelo genótipo 1 do HCV." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170513.
Full textApproved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in 2011, the protease inhibitors (PIs) telaprevir (TVR) and boceprevir (BOC) were the beginning of a new era characterized by the development of direct action drugs against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The main aims of the present study were to describe effectiveness and the incidence of adverse events to the use of BOC or TVR with pegylated interferon (Peg-INF) and ribavirin (RBV) in triple therapy, to verify the association of host factors and viral factors with sustained virological response (SVR) and with cirrhosis and to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis involving the incorporation of TVR and BOC to Brazilian Public Health System (BPHS). A descriptive study was carried out which included patients chronically infected with HCV genotype 1 whose treatment for CHC was started between July 2013 and December 2015. A cost-effectiveness analysis comparing triple therapies to a therapy with RBV and Peg-INF alpha-2a was also performed. A total of 115 subjects were included, of which 58 (50,4 %) had cirrhosis and 103 (89,6 %) used TVR. The overall SVR rate was 61,7 % (62,1 %, considering TVR and 58,3 %, considering BOC). Bivariate analyzes indicated that absence of cirrhosis, relapse of previous treatment in relation to other types of response, absence of esophageal varices, presence of the CC alleles located at the site rs12979860 of the gene coding the interleukin-28 and ratio between the pre-treatment aspartate aminotransferase (AST) value and the upper limit of normality less than 3.0 are factors associated to SVR. The logistic regression showed that the level of AST and type of response to previous treatment would be as variables more strongly associated. It was also evidenced that higher values of transaminases are associated to the diagnosis of cirrhosis, being the alanine aminotransferase more strongly associated. In relation to the adverse drug reactions, it was evidenced that the inclusion of one of the PIs to the therapy for CHC increases the incidence of these, highlighting the hematological disorders that were observed in almost 100,0% of the patients. About the pharmacoeconomic analysis performed, the calculations of the cost-effectiveness ratios, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and the sensitivity analyzes were favorable to the dual therapy. The SVR rates were higher than those described in most studies with dual therapy and lower than the rates of effectiveness found in the main premarketing studies with TVR or BOC. Factors related to the infected patients clinical condition and to their immune system are associated with SVR to the firstgeneration PIs. The triple therapies showed an unfavorable safety profile in relation to dual regimen with RBV and Peg-INF. The study also suggested that incorporation of TVR or BOC to BPHS was not a cost-effective conduct.
Oliva, Cíntia Bittar [UNESP]. "Evolução das quasiespécies da proteína NS5A do vírus da hepatite C genótipo 3a." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102747.
Full textA Hepatite C é uma doença presente em todo o mundo. O vírus da Hepatite C (HCV), o agente etiológico dessa doença, é um vírus de RNA de fita simples positiva. Seu genoma codifica uma única poliproteína precursora que após processamento origina dez proteínas virais. A NS5A, uma das proteínas virais não estruturais, esta associada com a resposta ao tratamento baseado em Interferon, tratamento aprovado para Hepatite C no Brazil.O HCV tem uma alta taxa de mutação levando a uma alta variabilidade, fator importante para a evasão da resposta imune e a resposta ao tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a evolução das quasiespécies antes, durante e após o tratamento em pacientes infectados com HCV genótipo 3a que apresentaram diferentes respostas ao tratamento. O RNA viral foi extraído, o cDNA sintetizado, a região NS5A amplificada e clonada e 15 clones de cada ponto de coleta foram seqüenciados. As sequências foram analisadas com relação a história evolutiva, diversidade genética e seleção. Nossas análises mostram que a população viral que persiste após o tratamento na maioria dos pacientes não respondedores está presente em amostras pré-tratamento sugerindo uma aptidão para evadir o tratamento. Ainda a maioria das amostras pré-tratamento de pacientes respondedores ao final do tratamento ou não apresentou a população encontrada nas amostras pós-tratamento ou apresentou em menor freqüência. As exceções ilustram a característica única do processo evolutivo e conseqüentemente o processo de resistência ao tratamento em cada paciente. A evolução do vírus da Hepatite C ao longo do tratamento aparenta ser o resultado de uma relação evolutiva única entre as cepas virais e cada hospedeiro humano, levando a persistência do vírus ou a resposta ao tratamento
Hepatitis C is a disease spread throughout the world. Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the etiological agent of this disease, is a single-stranded positive RNA virus. Its genome encodes a single precursor protein that yields ten proteins after processing. NS5A, one of the non-structural viral proteins, is most associated with interferon-based therapy response, the approved treatment for hepatitis C in Brazil. HCV has a high mutation rate and therefore high variability, which may be important for evading the immune system and response to therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of NS5A quasispecies before, during, and after treatment in patients infected with HCV genotype 3a who presented different therapy responses.Viral RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, the NS5A region was amplified and cloned, and 15 clones from each time-point were sequenced. The sequences were analyzed for evolutionary history, genetic diversity and selection. Our analysis shows that the viral population that persists after treatment for most non-response patients are is present in before-treatment samples, suggesting it is fitted to evasion of treatment. Accordingly, most before-treatment samples from end-of-treatment response patients either did not show the population found after the relapse or showed it in low abundance. The exceptions illustrate the uniqueness of the evolutionary process, and therefore the treatment resistance process, in each patient.Hepatitis C virus evolution throughout treatment appears to be the result of a unique evolutionary relationship between viral strains and each human host, leading to either persistence or clearance
Arrelias, Clarissa Cordeiro Alves. "Prevalência de marcadores sorológicos para hepatite B e C e potenciais fatores de risco em pacientes com diabetes mellitus de uma Unidade Básica Distrital de Saúde, Ribeirão Preto-SP, 2014." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-25012018-110725/.
Full textA cross-sectional observational study aimed at characterizing patients with diabetes mellitus according to demographic and clinical variables; to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infection and vaccine coverage in patients with diabetes mellitus and to identify potential related risk factors. The convenience sample consisted of 255 patients with diabetes mellitus who attended the medical consultation in the outpatient clinics of Endocrinology and Integrated Medical Clinic of the District Health Unit of Ribeirão Preto-SP, from July to December 2014. The selected demographic variables the use of insulin, capillary blood glucose monitoring, history of medical, surgical, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and risky situations and behaviors for hepatitis B and C. The serological markers investigated were HBsAg, Anti -HBc IgG, Anti-HBc IgM, Anti-HBs and Anti-HCV. Three or more doses of the registered hepatitis B vaccine were considered complete vaccination. To collect data, a questionnaire was used, consulting the vaccination record of the Health Management Computerized System of Health of the Municipal Health Department and venous blood collection. The data were presented by means of descriptive statistics. Univariate analysis of possible associations between demographic and clinical variables and outcomes of hepatitis B and C virus infection and vaccine coverage against hepatitis B was determined by the Pearson-corrected chi-square test or Wilcoxon\'s exact Fisher\'s test for Unpaired samples. For the multivariate analysis, a logistic regression model was constructed in which variables that exhibited p <0.2 were included in the univariate analysis. Values of \'p\' below 5% were considered significant. The results showed that 16.8% of the patients presented total anti-HBc marker reagent, 8.2% Anti-HBs alone and 75% were non-reactive for all hepatitis B markers. No case of HBsAg reagent was found in the sample studied. Regarding hepatitis C virus infection, 3.3% of the patients presented anti-HCV marker reagent. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (Anti-HBc reagent) in patients with diabetes mellitus was 16.8% higher than the national level and was directly associated with the time of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection (Anti-HCV reagent) was 3.3%, higher than the national level, but had no association with the demographic and clinical variables investigated. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was shown to be low (15%) in patients with diabetes mellitus evidencing their vulnerability to this serious and potentially fatal disease. Higher schooling and work in the health area were associated with better vaccine coverage. These results provide important insights for the evaluation of nurses\' clinical practice in primary health care for care related to vaccination coverage for people with diabetes mellitus. Thus, efforts must be made by health professionals and services to meet the challenge of providing ample vaccination coverage to this population, ensuring the prevention of hepatitis B and C virus infection
Albuquerque, Marina Brandão Braz. "APLICAÇÃO DOS MÉTODOS APRI E FIB4 PARA O ESTADIAMENTO DE FIBROSE HEPÁTICA PRÉ E PÓS TRATAMENTO EM PACIENTES COM DIAGNÓSTICO DE HEPATITE C." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2018. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3979.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-05-28T19:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina Brandão Braz Albuquerque.pdf: 605500 bytes, checksum: 1405379cffb1283fb04eb721d76cc92a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27
The use of hepatic biopsy to assess the stay of the level of fibrosis continues to be gold standard but may present some risks during the procedure and high cost. Given that the WHO suggested the use of APRI and FIB-4 indexes to evaluate hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C, because they are low-cost exams that can replace the use of hepatic biopsy. Objectives: Assess the level of hepatic fibrosis before and after treatment of hepatitis C by means of APRI and FIB 4 methods. Methods: This is a cross-descriptive study, carried out by reviewing medical records of patients attending the STD/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis clinics in the period from March 2016 to December 2017. The level of fibrosis was defined according to PCDT 2015 in significant fibrosis values of APRI > 1.5 and FIB-4 > 3.25; and absence of fibrosis APRI ≤ 0.5 and FIB-4 ≤ 1.5. Patients who did not fit within the triage were defined as indeterminate. The correlation between the improvement of fibrosis and the variables was performed: gender, age and genotype. Results: 45 selected patients were assisted in the clinic, 23 of them (51.1%) were male. The average age of the patients was 57.13. The infection by genotype 1a was more prevalent n = 19 (42.2%). Among the 45 patients, 28 were within the classifications between absence and advanced by the APRI before the treatment and 17 were defined as indeterminate. In the FIB-4, 26 patients were classified between absence and advanced fibrosis and 19 defined as indeterminate. After the treatment 25 patients were classified by APRI and 20 by FIB- 4. Only the FIB-4 index had significant correlation (P < 0.05) with age and improvement in fibrosis. Conclusions: Both tests can be used to verify the staging of hepatic fibrosis and assist in daily practice, but some results may be in the indeterminate zone. In these cases, it is necessary to carry out complementary tests to better define the degree of fibrosis.
O uso da biópsia hepática para avaliar o estadiamento do grau de fibrose continua sendo padrão-ouro, contudo pode apresentar alguns riscos durante o procedimento, além de elevado custo. Diante disso, a OMS sugeriu o uso dos índices APRI e FIB-4 para avaliar a fibrose hepática em pacientes portadores de hepatite C crônica, visto que os exames têm baixo custo e podem substituir a biópsia hepática. Objetivos: Avaliar o grau de fibrose hepática pelos métodos APRI e FIB 4 antes e após tratamento de hepatite C. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo transversal, realizado por meio da revisão de prontuários médicos de pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de DST/AIDS e Hepatites Virais em Aparecida de Goiânia no período de março de 2016 a dezembro de 2017. O grau de fibrose foi assim definido conforme PCDT 2015: fibrose significativa com valores de APRI >1,5 e FIB-4 >3,25; ausência de fibrose com APRI ≤0,5 e FIB-4 ≤1,5. Os pacientes que não se enquadravam na classificação foram definidos como indeterminados. Foi realizada a correlação entre a melhora da fibrose e as variáveis: gênero, idade e genótipo. Resultados: Foram selecionados para o estudo 45 pacientes atendidos na unidade, dos quais 23 (51,1%) eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 57,13 anos. A infecção pelo genótipo 1a foi mais prevalente, n= 19 (42,2%). Dos 45 pacientes, 28 estavam inseridos nas classificações entre fibrose ausente e avançada pelo APRI antes do tratamento e 17 foram definidos como indeterminados. No FIB-4, 26 pacientes foram classificados entre ausência e fibrose avançada e 19 foram definidos como indeterminados. Após o tratamento, 25 pacientes foram classificados pelo APRI e 20 pelo FIB-4. Apenas o índice FIB-4 mostrou correlação significativa (p<0,05) entre idade e melhora na fibrose. Conclusões: Ambos os testes podem ser utilizados para verificar o estadiamento da fibrose hepática e auxiliar na prática diária, porém alguns resultados podem estar na zona indeterminada. Neste caso é necessária a realização de testes complementares para definir melhor o grau de fibrose.
Pessôa, Mário Guimarães. ""Hepatite colestática associada ao vírus da hepatite C pós-transplante hepático: estudo virológico, histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-04042006-090453/.
Full textFollowing liver transplantation (OLT) HCV-related disease severity is highly variable, with a minority of cases progressing to an extremely severe form of cholestatic hepatitis, in which the pathogenesis is not yet understood. We aim to compare virological, histological and immunohistological changes in patients developing mild and severe post-OLT HCV recurrence. Twelve patients with recurrent HCV infection were studied (6 with severe and 6 with mild disease). Five HCV-infected immunocompetent patients were used as controls. We looked at viral load, quasispecies evolution of HCV, several histological parameters and immuno-reactivity of core antigens at three time-points (pre-OLT, early post-OLT and late post-OLT) as predictors of severity of recurrence post-OLT.
Viso, Ana Teresa Rodriguez. "Hepatite C crônica e citocinas - estudo no soro e no fígado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-19082010-103153/.
Full textBACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C results mainly of immunological mechanisms with cytokines playing a central role in hepatocellular necrosis and in the immunopathogenic process involved in viral clearance and persistence. AIM: To investigate immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) through expression of inflamatory cells in liver and cytokines in liver and serum, and assess the relationship with demografic, laboratorial and histological features. METHODS: Naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C were selected from Infectious Diseases Division at a University Hospital. Two sets of controls were selected for comparison: healthy blood donors and liver biopsy specimens from liver donors. All controls had no evidence of hepatic disease. The following cytokines were analyzed by quantitative ELISA method in serum of cases and healthy blood donor controls: interleukin (IL) 1, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, interferon (IFN) , tumor necrosis factor (TNF) , and transforming growth factor (TGF) . The same cytokines and cellular populations of CD4+ T lymphocytes (TL), CD8+ TL, CD45+, CD57+, CD68+ and S100 were quantified by immunohistochemistry in acinar and portal spaces in liver biopsies of cases and liver donor controls. These data were additionally associated to histological parameters by Ishak Score. RESULTS: Were selected 51 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 58% were males; 66,6% white and the median age was 39 (range 20 to 59) years. Were selected 33 liver donors and 51 blood donors. Compared with heathy blood donor controls, cases showed higher levels of IL2 (p <0.001), IL10 (p <0.001), INF (p 0.018) and TGF (p <0.001). In liver biopsy analyses, cases showed greater expression of the following cell populations and cytokines: portal CD4+ TL (p <0.001), portal CD8+ (p <0.001), acinar IL4 (p 0.001), acinar IL10 (p 0.007), acinar INF (p <0.001), portal TNF (p <0.001), acinar TNF (p <0.001), portal TGF (p <0.001) and acinar TGF (p <0.001). Among cases, significant positive correlations were found between the following markers and Ishak graded patterns: portal CD4+TL and periportal inflammation (p 0.004); acinar CD4+ and focal inflammation (p 0.017); acinar TGF and focal inflammation (p 0.016); portal IL1 and periportal inflammation (p 0.009) and IL8 in blood and fibrosis (p 0.036). The cellular populations were correlated to cytokines in liver of hepatitis C patients and there was significant positive correlation between: portal CD4+ and portal TNF (p 0.004); portal CD8+ TL and portal TGF (p 0,030); portal CD57+ and portal IL10 (p 0,008); acinar CD57+ and acinar TGF (p 0,040) and acinar IL2 (p 0,048); portal S100 and portal IL10 (p 0,014). No significant correlation was found between liver and serum cytokines in cases. Hepatitis C viremia was inversely correlated to acinar CD8+ TL (p 0.020); portal (p 0.049) and acinar IL2 (p 0.004). DISCUSSION: The command of the immune response in this casuistic was orchestrated by CD4+ TL and CD8+ T lymphocytes, with predominance of Th1 answer, and the main site where of the events ocurred was the portal space. The compartimentalization of immune response to HCV was evidenced by the absence of significant correlations between cytokines in hepatic tissue and blood from patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Pesquero, Naira Canevarolo. "Desenvolvimento de dispositivos para diagnósticos e genotipagem de Hepatite C /." Araraquara, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105713.
Full textBanca: Assis Vicente Benedetti
Banca: Antonio Aparecido Pupim Ferreira
Banca: Maria Isabel Pividori Gurgo
Banca: Neiva Sellan Lopes Gonçales
Resumo: No presente trabalho estudou-se a construção de um genossensor e sua viabilidade para compor um dispositivo de análise rápida que pudesse ser aplicado na realização do diagnóstico e genotipagem do vírus da Hepatite C (HCV). Primeiramente otimizou-se uma metodologia para a construção dos eletrodos de carbono impresso, os quais foram empregados como dispositivo transdutor. O genossensor foi, então, construído pela imobilização da sonda de captura na superfície do eletrodo de carbono. A sua superfície foi eletroquimicamente oxidada para a geração de grupos carboxílicos, os quais foram utilizados para a imobilização da proteína estreptavidina (STA). A sonda de captura biotinilada foi, então, imobilizada via interação biotina-STA, sendo os sítios remanescentes da STA bloqueados com biotina. Monitorou-se o evento biológico de hibridização entre a sonda de captura e sua sequência complementar via corrente de oxidação da base nitrogenada guanina. Para tanto foi empregada a técnica de voltametria de onda quadrada. Este genossensor demonstrou alta seletividade frente às sequências de oligonucleotídeos contendo uma e quatro bases não complementares e sequências provenientes de viroses coinfectantes do HCV (HIV e HBV). O genossensor estudado foi aplicado na identificação de amostras provenientes de pacientes HCV positivos (HCV do tipo 1 e 3) e negativos. O estudo das amostras negativas possibilitou a determinação de um valor de cut-off de 37 μA, o qual foi utilizado na genotipagem das amostras classificadas como positivas. Em seguida, construiu-se uma célula de detecção com volume de 25 μL utilizando a cerâmica LTCC (do inglês, Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic). Os eletrodos de trabalho, referência e auxiliar foram confeccionados dentro da célula utilizando tintas condutoras... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In the present work was studied the construction of a genosensor and its availability to compose a device for fast analysis which could be applied in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnose and genotyping. Firstly the methodology for screen printed electrodes' construction was optimized and these electrodes were used as transducer device. Then the genosensor was constructed immobilizing the capture probe on the electrode surface. Thereunto the surface was electrochemically oxidized to carboxylic groups formation, which were used to streptavidin (STA) immobilization. After the biotinilated probe was immobilized through biotin-STA interaction, and the STA reminiscent sites were blocked with biotin solution. Hybridization between the capture probe and its complementary sequence was monitored by means of the guanine oxidation current. Square wave voltammetry was used to this end. The final genosensor showed high selectivity when incubated in solution containing sequences with one and four non complementary nitrogenous bases and also with sequences of coinfecting viruses (HIV e HBV). This genosensor was applied in the identification of samples of HCV positives (HCV type 1 and 3) and negatives patients. This study allowed the determination of the cut-off value (37 μA) which was used in the HCV positive genotyping process. Then a 25 μL detection cell was constructed using LTCC ceramic. The working, reference and auxiliary electrodes were prepared inside the cell by means of conducting inks. The cell electrochemical behavior was evaluated in a standard system (with the redox pair Fe(CN)6 3+/Fe(CN)6 4+). Finally, the genosensor was constructed inside the detection cell using carbon nanotubes as amplifier of the guanine oxidation signal. A very good performance to the conjoint was observed, which means that this... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Pesquero, Naira Canevarolo [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de dispositivos para diagnósticos e genotipagem de Hepatite C." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105713.
Full textNo presente trabalho estudou-se a construção de um genossensor e sua viabilidade para compor um dispositivo de análise rápida que pudesse ser aplicado na realização do diagnóstico e genotipagem do vírus da Hepatite C (HCV). Primeiramente otimizou-se uma metodologia para a construção dos eletrodos de carbono impresso, os quais foram empregados como dispositivo transdutor. O genossensor foi, então, construído pela imobilização da sonda de captura na superfície do eletrodo de carbono. A sua superfície foi eletroquimicamente oxidada para a geração de grupos carboxílicos, os quais foram utilizados para a imobilização da proteína estreptavidina (STA). A sonda de captura biotinilada foi, então, imobilizada via interação biotina-STA, sendo os sítios remanescentes da STA bloqueados com biotina. Monitorou-se o evento biológico de hibridização entre a sonda de captura e sua sequência complementar via corrente de oxidação da base nitrogenada guanina. Para tanto foi empregada a técnica de voltametria de onda quadrada. Este genossensor demonstrou alta seletividade frente às sequências de oligonucleotídeos contendo uma e quatro bases não complementares e sequências provenientes de viroses coinfectantes do HCV (HIV e HBV). O genossensor estudado foi aplicado na identificação de amostras provenientes de pacientes HCV positivos (HCV do tipo 1 e 3) e negativos. O estudo das amostras negativas possibilitou a determinação de um valor de cut-off de 37 μA, o qual foi utilizado na genotipagem das amostras classificadas como positivas. Em seguida, construiu-se uma célula de detecção com volume de 25 μL utilizando a cerâmica LTCC (do inglês, Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic). Os eletrodos de trabalho, referência e auxiliar foram confeccionados dentro da célula utilizando tintas condutoras...
In the present work was studied the construction of a genosensor and its availability to compose a device for fast analysis which could be applied in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnose and genotyping. Firstly the methodology for screen printed electrodes’ construction was optimized and these electrodes were used as transducer device. Then the genosensor was constructed immobilizing the capture probe on the electrode surface. Thereunto the surface was electrochemically oxidized to carboxylic groups formation, which were used to streptavidin (STA) immobilization. After the biotinilated probe was immobilized through biotin-STA interaction, and the STA reminiscent sites were blocked with biotin solution. Hybridization between the capture probe and its complementary sequence was monitored by means of the guanine oxidation current. Square wave voltammetry was used to this end. The final genosensor showed high selectivity when incubated in solution containing sequences with one and four non complementary nitrogenous bases and also with sequences of coinfecting viruses (HIV e HBV). This genosensor was applied in the identification of samples of HCV positives (HCV type 1 and 3) and negatives patients. This study allowed the determination of the cut-off value (37 μA) which was used in the HCV positive genotyping process. Then a 25 μL detection cell was constructed using LTCC ceramic. The working, reference and auxiliary electrodes were prepared inside the cell by means of conducting inks. The cell electrochemical behavior was evaluated in a standard system (with the redox pair Fe(CN)6 3+/Fe(CN)6 4+). Finally, the genosensor was constructed inside the detection cell using carbon nanotubes as amplifier of the guanine oxidation signal. A very good performance to the conjoint was observed, which means that this... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Nogueira, Camila Tita. "Estudo da influência dos genótipos 1 e 3 do vírus da hepatite C sobre os indicadores do metabolismo lipídico em hepatopatas crônicos /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93604.
Full textBanca: Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti
Banca: Fernanda de Freitas Aníbal
Resumo: Os perfis metabólicos correlacionam-se com a infecção pelo VHC e são prognósticos da resposta viral em pacientes crônicos. Porém, pouco se sabe a respeito da associação entre perfis lipídicos e carga viral do VHC entre infecções dos genótipos 1, 2 ou 3. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência da viremia e dos genótipos do VHC sobre o metabolismo lipídico através das variações de lipoproteínas séricas (colesterol total, LDL, HDL, VLDL, triglicérides) e apolipoproteína B (Apo B) em hepatopatas crônicos, avaliando se o VHC predispõe os indivíduos ao aparecimento de complicações vasculares. O grupo amostral constituiu-se de um total de 150 pacientes crônicos do VHC com genótipos 1, 2 ou 3, e de um grupo controle de 20 indivíduos saudáveis (10 homens e 10 mulheres) em idade adulta (20 à 50 anos). Os níveis séricos de HDL (28%), VLDL (26%) e triglicérides (26%) nos portadores crônicos do VHC se mostraram diminuídos em relação ao grupo controle, enquanto os níveis de LDL (25%) e Apo B (29%) se mostraram elevados, resultados que foram mais importantes nos portadores do genótipo 3a. Observou-se correlação positiva entre a viremia e alterações nos níveis de apo B (r = 0,5763) nos portadores do genótipo 1b. Assim, foi pressuposto que o risco de pacientes portadores do VHC desenvolverem complicações vasculares é elevado, pois 1% de redução nos níveis de LDL está associado com uma redução de 2-3% no risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardíacas, e como cerca de 90% da proteína na LDL se constitui de apo B, sua concentração plasmática indica o número total de partículas potencialmente aterogênicas. Desta forma, o perfil lipídico auxilia no diagnóstico da severidade da infecção hepática causada pelo VHC e ainda atua como um bom sinal prognóstico.
Abstract: The metabolic profiles correlate with the hepatitis C virus infection and are prognostics for the viral reply in chronic patients. However, little is known regarding the distinguishing association between lipid profiles and hepatitis C viral load in patients carrying genotypes 1, 2 or 3. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study viremia and genotypes on the lipid metabolism through the serum lipoprotein variations (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL, triglycerides) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in chronic carriers of this infection, evaluating if the HCV premakes the individual to the lipidic disequilibrium and favors the appearance of vascular complications. The amostral group consisted of 150 HCV chronic patients with genotypes 1, 2 or 3, and a control group consisted of 20 healthful individuals (10 men and 10 women) in adult age (20 to 50 years). The levels of HDL (28%), VLDL (26%) and triglycerides (26%) of the HCV chronic patients were lower than the control group, while the LDL levels (25%) and the Apo B levels (29%) were higher. These findings were more significant in the genotype 3a carrying patients. Positive correlation occurred between the viremia and the alterations in the Apo B levels (r = 0.5763) in the genotype 1b carrying patients. Consequently it was inferred that the risk of HCV patients to develop vascular complication is elevated. In general, 1% of reduction in the LDL levels is associated with a reduction of 2-3% in the risk of development of cardiac illnesses, and, as about 90% of the protein in the LDL is constituted of apo B, its plasmatic concentration indicates the total potentially atherogenics particles number. The lipid profile aids in the diagnosis of the severity of the hepatic infection and equally acts as a good signal prognostic, therefore its analysis must be carried through in all the cases of advanced hepatic infection.
Mestre
Roos, Hampus, and Martin Lidholm. "Hur patienter med blodburen smitta upplever vårdpersonalens attityd mot dem." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-397986.
Full textBackground: The three most common blood-borne pathogens that the healthcare professional encounters are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C and hepatitis B. These pathogens spread through blood products and there is a risk that the healthcare staff gets infected in their work. There is a risk of stigma among healthcare professionals as the pathogens are often associated with homosexuality and intravenous drug abuse. At the same time, the risk is that patients feel discriminated by the healthcare staff and that it affects their care. Purpose: The aim was to investigate the attitudes of the healthcare professionals towards patients with blood-borne pathogens as well as patients' experience of their care and nursing. Method: A literature study was based on six quantitative articles, four qualitative articles and two mix-method articles in which an inductive analysis of the articles was performed to interpret the results. Result: There is a stigmatizing attitude among healthcare professionals towards patients with bloodborne infection. Some of the healthcare staff also feel a certain fear of the patients with blood-borne infection and the fear is based on being infected themselves. Fear and stigmatizing attitudes affect the will of the healthcare staff and the safety of caring for patients with blood-borne infection. Patients experience and feel discriminated against by healthcare professionals who have a stigmatizing attitude and fear of them. Patients are then at greater risk of avoiding care. What patients feel good about is when they get to meet the same staff they can get to know and that knows their history. Conclusion: Some healthcare professionals have a stigmatizing attitude and fear of patients with blood-borne infection and this is based on the healthcare staff's knowledge and low education. Patients notice and feel discriminated against by healthcare professionals who display fear as well as a stigmatizing attitude towards them. This affects patients' care as patients avoid the care or do not receive the same care from the care staff due to their illness. Keywords: Blood-Borne Pathogens, healthcare professionals, patient, HIV, hepatitis B & hepatits C.
Neto, Gaspar Lisboa. "Influência da infecção pregressa pelo vírus da hepatite B em portadores de hepatite C crônica: análise histológica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-02072009-095040/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus are the main causers of chronic hepatic disease worldwide. Both viruses share similar transmission routes. In chronic HCV infected patients with serological markers of resolved HBV infection (anti-HBcAg [+] and HBsAg [-]), residual HBV-DNA has been detected through highly sensible techniques in serum, PBMC and hepatocytes (as cccDNA). In fact, anti-HBcAg has been associated with worse prognoses, severe histological liver damage and less sustained virological response to HCV treatment. OBJECTIVE: Assess the relationship between previous HBV infection (anti-HBcAg [+]; HBsAg [-]) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) and histological damage, considering epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial characteristics of this group in a region of low prevalence for HBV. METHODS: Anti-HBcAg prevalence was evaluated in 574 patients seen during a period of one year in a tertiary center (University of Sao Paulo General Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil). Of this group, 215 subjects addressed selection criteria and have been selected for evaluation (98 of 112 carriers of anti-HBcAg and 117 of 462 infected only by HCV). 145 individuals have undergone analysis for identification of predictors of advanced fibrosis through univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: Nineteen-eight subjects with serological markers of previous HBV infection were evaluated. Forty-six (47%) patients had anti-HBcAg in isolated form. The main risk factor for infection was blood transfusion (31,6%). However, the IDU frequency was greater in this group (p<0.05). There was no difference regarding histological staging (fibrosis ranging from 0 to 4, p=0.40) or grading (portal inflammation, p=0.70) compared with subjects infected only by HCV with no markers of HBV infection. The rate of fibrosis progression (in units per year) and the infection length was similar in these two groups (p=0,61 and p=0,99, respectively). Anti-HBcAg was not considered a predictor for advanced fibrosis (p=0.11). However, we identified tobacco smoking (OR 4.40; CI 95%: 1.30-14.87), increased ALT (OR 1.01; CI 95%: 1.00-1.03), increased -gt (OR 1.01; CI 95%: 1.00-1.01) and leucopenia (OR 7.75; CI 95%: 2.13-28.23) as independent variables. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of resolved HBV infection in subjects with chronic hepatitis C was 20%. This result was equivalent to other studies carried out in regions of similar endemicity. The frequency of the isolated anti-HBcAg was higher in this group, reflecting a possible suppression of the humoral immunity against HBV caused by an active immune response directed to HCV. Former and resolved HBV infection does not seem to increase or accelerate histological damage in our geographical area.
Aguilar, Carolina Santiago. "Frequência da ingestão de café em grupos de hepatopatas crônicos portadores do vírus da hepatite B e C: O efeito protetor do café na evolução das hepatopatias crônicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-06012017-093853/.
Full textCoffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and its beneficial effects are objective of study for years. Coffee is considered an antioxidant drink and can inhibit injury of hepatocytes decreasing liver enzymes, thus having a hepatoprotective effect. This improvement in the liver is directly related to coffee intake. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the consumption of coffee in groups of chronic hepatitis B and C patients assuming that coffee can slow the progression of liver damage. Methods: 1169 patients with chronic liver disease were consecutively selected in our clinic hepatology database of the Hospital das Clinicas in Sao Paulo. There were 514 (44%) patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 655 (56%) with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Variables such as smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, laboratory tests (ALT, AST, GGT, INR, platelet, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin, albumin and creatinine), APRI and FIB4 were analyzed to assess fibrosis and degree of liver injury. Results: Through descriptive analysis, we found that 758/1169 (65%) patients consumed coffee. Patients who consume coffee have lower levels of AST (p = 0.004), APRI (p = 0.002) and FIB4 (p = 0.003). When analyzed by etiology it was observed that patients with chronic hepatitis C who consume coffee have lower levels of ALT (p = 0.021), AST (p = 0.005), APRI (p = 0.013) and FIB4 (p = 0.013) and higher albumin level (p = 0.006). The same was not observed for patients with chronic hepatitis B. Conclusions: Coffee intake is associated with reduced liver enzymes and appears to be directly linked to the reduction of APRI and FIB4 values in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The same is not observed for chronic hepatitis B
Moreira, João Paulo. "Caracterização das mutações da região core do vírus da hepatite C associadas ao carcinoma hepatocelular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-24022016-153617/.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is often persistent and gradually advances from chronic hepatitis (CH) to liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) over 20 to 30 years [1-3]. Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common neoplasm and is responsible for more than 600,000 deaths annually due to very poor prognosis. There are about 170 million individuais infected with HCV, corresponding to approximately 3% of world population. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex process involving genetic and epigenetic modifications. Studies have reported that amino acid substitutions (a a) at position 70 and 91 of HCV core region may be related to development of HCC. Understanding the pathogenesis of HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis is important to identify novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. In this study, the viral genotypes and the presence of mutations in HCV core region were analyzed in 94 patients with HCC, and also in 79 cirrhotic patients (without HCC). HCV core sequences were obtained using population sequencing based on Sanger method. Demographic, biochemical and serological characteristics were also evaluated. The age of patients with HCC were significantly higher than in patients without HCC (63 vs. 60.5 years, P=0.025). High proportion of men was observed in HCC group (64.4% vs 54%, P=0.329). Alpha-fetoprotein levei was significantly higher in HCC group compared to cirrhotic group (P=0.003), and low rates of albumin was observed in cirrhotic group (P=0.012). High genetic variability of HCV was observed, in HCC group, however genotype 1 b was the most common in both groups. Other genotypes were found in HCC group: 1a (13.6%), 1 b (45.7%), 3a (28.8%) 2b (6.8%), 2a (1.7%), 2c (1.7%) and 5a (1.7%). In cirrhotic group was found genotypes 1 a (30%), 1 b (44%), 3a (22%), 2b (2%) and 5a (2%). Mutations R70Q and LlC91 M were mainly observed in individuais infected with HCV genotype 1 b. In the present study, no association between mutations at positions 70 and 91 of HCV
Pacher, Bianca Messenberg. "Hepatites causadas pelos vírus B e C entre a população surda de Ribeirão Preto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-15082014-110519/.
Full textHepatitis B and C are still an important public health problem in the world, with chronic carriers estimated at around 350 million and 170 million, respectively, causing a large number of people to be at risk of chronic forms and progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Among the most well-known risk factors for hepatitis B are blood and derivatives transfusions, contact with blood and/or secretions by unprotected sex, sharing needles and/or syringes in injectable drug use, tattooing and piercing with contaminated material. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by parenteral way and its prevention is similar to hepatitis B. Several risk factors for both seem to be present in the deaf population, which is historically marginalized in terms of access to health information and services and on which there are no references to research on viral hepatitis. This work aimed to estimate the prevalence of positive serology for hepatitis B and C and to investigate possible risk factors among the deaf population of Ribeirão Preto. An explanatory DVD about the features and risks of hepatitis B and C was presented to them in Brazilian Sign Language. Eighty eight deaf agreed to participate, signed a free and informed consent form and were included in the investigation. A standardized questionnaire was applied and a sample of blood was collected. Immunoenzymatic tests for detection of HBsAg, anti-HBS, anti-HBC and anti-HCV markers were carried out at the Serum Laboratory of the University Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo. The serological analysis revealed the presence of current or previous infection by hepatitis B in seven participants, representing 8% of total prevalence of markers (CI95%: 2,3 13,7). When analyzing the possible risk factors, it was found association between infection and the variables being born in another State other than São Paulo and past history of imprisonment. No positive samples for hepatitis C were found. The participants showed great ignorance about basic aspects related to the transmission of viral hepatitis, indicating need for public health policies directed to this population that takes into account their linguistic and cultural singularities.
Machado, Danusa de Almeida [UNESP]. "Qualidade de vida e morbidade psicológica de pacientes portadores de hepatite C em tratamento com interferon peguilado e ribavirina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98430.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever características sóciodemográficas, psicossociais, clínicas, índices de qualidade de vida, ocorrência de transtorno mental comum, de sintomas depressivos de pacientes portadores de Hepatite C crônica, em tratamento no Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais da Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Clínica do HC da FMB-UNESP, em três momentos de seu tratamento com Interferon Peguilado e Ribavirina: antes do início, nas 12ª e 24ª semanas de tratamento. Foram também estudadas as associações das variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas, de transtorno mental comum (TMC), sintomas depressivos, da forma de tratamento com índices de qualidade de vida (QV) nos três momentos estudados e com os resultados de exames indicativos da resposta virológica ao tratamento (detecção do RNA do vírus da Hepatite C pelo método de PCR). Método: Realizou-se estudo transversal e de seguimento. Uma amostra de conveniência foi estabelecida, tendo-se estudado 82 pacientes no estudo transversal e feito o seguimento de 46 no terceiro e sexto mês após o início do tratamento. Utilizou-se formulário estruturado para investigar aspectos sócio-demográficos e clínicos. Sintomas depressivos foram avaliados pelo Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Utilizou-se o Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) para avaliar Transtorno Mental Comum e o uso nocivo de álcool foi avaliado por meio do Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). A qualidade de vida foi estudada por meio do The Medical Outcomes Study 36 item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). O estudo das associações entre variáveis categoriais foi feito pelo teste do Qui–quadrado (ou Fisher, se adequado). Os Testes de Mann–Whitney e de Kruskal Wallis foram utilizados para comparar as distribuições dos vários domínios do SF-36. Para comparação entre os dados nos momentos subseqüentes foram...
This study aimed at describing socio-demographic, psychosocial and clinical characteristics as well as quality of life indexes, occurrence of common mental disorder and depressive symptoms of patients with chronic hepatitis C undergoing treatment at the Viral Hepatitis Outpatient Unit of the Botucatu Medical School – UNESP, at three different moments of their treatment with Peguilated Interferon and Ribavirin: immediately before treatment, 12 and 24 weeks after its introduction. The association of socio-demographic and clinical variables as well as those for common mental disorder (CMD), depression symptoms and form of treatment with quality-of-life (QL) indexes was evaluated at the three studied moments. The association of such variables with test results indicating virological response to treatment (detection of the hepatitis C virus RNA by the PCR method) was also investigated. Method: A convenience sample was established, and 82 patients were studied in a cross-sectional and follow-up investigation. Forty-six patients were followed 3 and 6 months after the beginning of treatment. A structured questionnaire was used to investigate socio-demographic and clinical aspects. Depression symptoms were evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) was utilized to evaluate common mental disorder, and harmful use of alcohol was evaluated by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Quality of life was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The study of the associations between categorial variables was performed by the chi-square test (or Fisher, if adequate). The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to compare the distribution of various domains of SF-36. McNemar’s Exact Test was used for category variables to compare the data at the subsequent moments, and Friedman’s Test was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Neres, Mariana Vulcano [UNESP]. "Influência da tecnologia educacional na avaliação do conhecimento de portadores de hepatite C crônica sobre sua doença e aderência ao tratamento antiviral." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108520.
Full textOs portadores de hepatite C crônica são pacientes que necessitam de um tratamento complexo que abrange um conjunto de técnicas e habilidades a serem desenvolvidas e mantidas ao longo de todo esse período. Dentre as estratégias utilizadas para melhorar a adesão, pesquisas têm apontado a importância de ações educativas para informar e orientar os pacientes acerca da doença e do tratamento. O estudo tem delineamento com pré e pós-teste, e objetiva identificar o nível de conhecimento do paciente sobre a hepatite C e o tratamento antes e após intervenção educativa; e, avaliar junto aos participantes a adequação do conteúdo do manual educativo. Foram utilizados instrumentos para a coleta de dados como o roteiro de entrevista, um teste para avaliar o nível de conhecimento sobre a doença e um inventário para identificar as condutas de adesão relativas à terapêutica. Após a avaliação do conhecimento prévio sobre a doença no início do tratamento, foi feita a intervenção educativa que utilizava um manual educativo para ampliar a visão dos participantes acerca da doença e do tratamento. Em um segundo momento, 12 semanas após o início do tratamento, foi reaplicado um teste de conhecimentos sobre o tratamento e um roteiro de avaliação do manual educativo, além de um inventário de adesão ao tratamento. Após 12 semanas desta aplicação foram avaliadas as fichas clínicas dos participantes, para analisarmos a aderência ao tratamento até a 24ª semana. Participaram desta pesquisa 70 portadores de hepatite C crônica que nunca foram submetidos ao tratamento com medicações antivirais. Da amostra de 70 participantes, 90% aumentaram seu conhecimento prévio sobre aspectos de sua doença após a apresentação do manual educativo, 80% da amostra aderiu ao tratamento até a 24ª semana de tratamento e o manual educativo teve excelente aceitação em 70% dos participantes. O estudo aponta para a importância de se ...
Individuals with chronic hepatitis C require complex treatment which involves a set of techniques and skills to be developed and maintained throughout this period. Among the strategies used to improve adherence, research has pointed to the importance of an education program to inform and educate patients about the disease and treatment. The study aims to identify the patient's knowledge about hepatitis C and treatment before and after the educational intervention, and, with participants evaluating the adequacy of the content of the educational manual. Instruments were used to collect data as structured interview, a test to assess the level of knowledge about the disease and an inventory to identify behaviors related to therapeutic adherence. After evaluation of prior knowledge about the disease at baseline, was made the educational intervention that used a manual education to expand the vision of the participants about the disease and treatment. In a second moment, 12 weeks after initiation of treatment was reapplied a knowledge test on the treatment and evaluation of a structured educational manual, plus an inventory of treatment adherence. After 12 weeks of this application we evaluated the medical records of the participants, to analyze adherence to treatment until week 24. In this study participated 70 patients with chronic hepatitis C who were never subjected to treatment with antiviral medications. Sample of 70 participants, 90% increased their prior knowledge about aspects of their disease after the presentation of educational handbook, 80% of the sample adhered to treatment by week 24 of treatment and educational manual had excellent acceptance by 70% of participants. The study points to the importance of using specific graphic materials in health education actions and signals the need for further research and interventions that promote strategies that favor the management of the disease
Oliva, Cíntia Bittar. "Evolução das quasiespécies da proteína NS5A do vírus da hepatite C genótipo 3a /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102747.
Full textCoorientador: Isabel Maria Vicente Guedes de Carvalho Mello
Banca: Flora Maria de Campos Fernandes
Banca: Camila Malta Romano
Banca: Adriano Mondini
Banca: Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo Oliveira
Resumo: A Hepatite C é uma doença presente em todo o mundo. O vírus da Hepatite C (HCV), o agente etiológico dessa doença, é um vírus de RNA de fita simples positiva. Seu genoma codifica uma única poliproteína precursora que após processamento origina dez proteínas virais. A NS5A, uma das proteínas virais não estruturais, esta associada com a resposta ao tratamento baseado em Interferon, tratamento aprovado para Hepatite C no Brazil.O HCV tem uma alta taxa de mutação levando a uma alta variabilidade, fator importante para a evasão da resposta imune e a resposta ao tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a evolução das quasiespécies antes, durante e após o tratamento em pacientes infectados com HCV genótipo 3a que apresentaram diferentes respostas ao tratamento. O RNA viral foi extraído, o cDNA sintetizado, a região NS5A amplificada e clonada e 15 clones de cada ponto de coleta foram seqüenciados. As sequências foram analisadas com relação a história evolutiva, diversidade genética e seleção. Nossas análises mostram que a população viral que persiste após o tratamento na maioria dos pacientes não respondedores está presente em amostras pré-tratamento sugerindo uma aptidão para evadir o tratamento. Ainda a maioria das amostras pré-tratamento de pacientes respondedores ao final do tratamento ou não apresentou a população encontrada nas amostras pós-tratamento ou apresentou em menor freqüência. As exceções ilustram a característica única do processo evolutivo e conseqüentemente o processo de resistência ao tratamento em cada paciente. A evolução do vírus da Hepatite C ao longo do tratamento aparenta ser o resultado de uma relação evolutiva única entre as cepas virais e cada hospedeiro humano, levando a persistência do vírus ou a resposta ao tratamento
Abstract: Hepatitis C is a disease spread throughout the world. Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the etiological agent of this disease, is a single-stranded positive RNA virus. Its genome encodes a single precursor protein that yields ten proteins after processing. NS5A, one of the non-structural viral proteins, is most associated with interferon-based therapy response, the approved treatment for hepatitis C in Brazil. HCV has a high mutation rate and therefore high variability, which may be important for evading the immune system and response to therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of NS5A quasispecies before, during, and after treatment in patients infected with HCV genotype 3a who presented different therapy responses.Viral RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, the NS5A region was amplified and cloned, and 15 clones from each time-point were sequenced. The sequences were analyzed for evolutionary history, genetic diversity and selection. Our analysis shows that the viral population that persists after treatment for most non-response patients are is present in before-treatment samples, suggesting it is fitted to evasion of treatment. Accordingly, most before-treatment samples from end-of-treatment response patients either did not show the population found after the relapse or showed it in low abundance. The exceptions illustrate the uniqueness of the evolutionary process, and therefore the treatment resistance process, in each patient.Hepatitis C virus evolution throughout treatment appears to be the result of a unique evolutionary relationship between viral strains and each human host, leading to either persistence or clearance
Doutor
Ferreira, Ariana Carolina. "Pesquisa de marcadores sorológicos e moleculares da infecção pelo Vírus da Hepatite E (HEV) em indivíduos portadores do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-30062016-115114/.
Full textHEV infection is recognized as a significant public health problem in different world regions. Although initially characterized as a benign infection with selflimited course, recent studies have showing its evolution to chronicity in immunocompromised individuals. Furthermore, in these individuals the chronic infection can develop progressive liver fibrosis leading to cirrhosis. There are no data regarding prevalence of HEV infections in HIV- infected patients in Brazil, where the circulation of this virus has been demonstrated in different individuals groups and in some animals from different regions of the country. Based on this, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of serological and molecular makers of HEV infection and the standardization of real-time PCR for the detection and quantification of HEV viral load in HIV-infected individuals in São Paulo. Serum and plasma samples of HIV-infected patients (n=354), collected between 2007 and 2013, were included and organized in groups of co-infection (HIV/ HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/ HBV/ HCV) and HIV mono-infection. Antibodies anti-HEV IgM and IgG were detected by ELISA (RecomWell HEV IgM/ IgG - MIKROGEN®), and in some cases confirmed by immunoblotting (RecomLine HEV IgM/ IgG - MIKROGEN®). All samples were submitted to research HEV RNA by real-time PCR. About 72% of the patients were male. The mean age of this population was 48.4 years. The anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies were found in 1.4% and 10.7%, respectively. Only two patients presented simultaneous anti-HEV IgM and anti- HEV IgG. There was no statistically significant difference in the presence of serological makers among the HIV infection groups. In addition, HEV RNA was detected in 10.7% of samples and six of these samples presented simultaneously a serological maker (5 anti-HEV IgG and 1 IgM). The presence of this maker was more frequent in the co-infection HIV/ HCV group. Through this work, we observed that HEV is circulating among the HIV-infected population in São Paulo, and the monitoring these patients is necessary because of the possibility progression to chronic infection and cirrhosis
Silva, Gustavo Milson Fabricio da. "Influência do polimorfismo genético de citocinas na hepatite C crônica em uma população do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7928.
Full textHepatitis C virus infection is one of the most common blood-borne infections worldwide. Approximately, 20% of infected patients successfully eliminate the virus, whereas the majority of patients develop chronic infection with a wide spectrum of liver lesions, ranging from a minimal inflammation to cirrhosis. The host's immune response is an important correlate of HCV infection outcome and disease progression. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of the inheritance of cytokine gene polymorphisms as a candidate for susceptibility to persistent HCV infection or HCV clearance in a sample of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) population. Genetic polymorphisms in the cytokines TNFA (-308), TGFB1 (codon 10 and 25), IL10 (-1082, -592), IL6 (-174) and IFNG (+874) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (SSP) in 245 chronic hepatitis C (HCC) patients, 41 spontaneous recovery (SR) patients and 189 healthy volunteers. Further, IL28B (rs12979860, rs12980275 and rs8099917) were assessed by real-time PCR in all groups. Liver fibrosis and inflammation staging, response to treatment and virus genotype were also tested to influence in HCV chronic infection. IL28B rs12989760 CC and rs12980275 AA genotypes were significantly associated with spontaneous recovery of HCV infection and response to therapy. Likewise, C allele (rs12979860) and A allele (rs12980275) were also more frequent in SR group, while C allele of IL6 (-174) is associated with persistence to HCC. No association was found between other cytokine gene polymorphism and susceptibility to HCV infection and response to treatment. Multivariate analysis showed male, IL28B rs12979860 CT and TT and TGFB1 (codon 10) TC genotypes to be factors associated with HCC. TNFA (-308) GG genotype seems to be associated with moderate stage of inflammation. Also, ethnicity according self-declared is supposed to influence the distribution IL6 (-174) and IL28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms. These results suggest that the IL28B polymorphisms are associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV and response to therapy in a Brazilian population. Moreover, these results could be useful to further association between cytokine polymorphism and HCV infection outcome in Brazilian admixture population.
Luna, Alexandre La. "Busca de fatores genéticos associados à resposta ao tratamento do HCV genótipo 3." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-09112012-105715/.
Full textRecently, studies have shown that SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) rs8099917 and rs12979860, located near the gene IL28B explain the changes in the response to infection and treatment of a patient against the HCV genotype 1, but not for the genotype 3 of the virus. This study found a significant association between response to infection due to treatment by genotype 3 (PEG-INF and RBV) and the rs8099917 polymorphism in a population sample from Santos - SP. To the rs12979860 polymorphism, this association was only found when individuals are paired for sex, age and degree of hepatic fibrosis, demonstrating the importance of the withdrawal effects of stratification in this type of analysis. These results confirm the aggregate data from a population of Bahia in a meta-analysis. In addition, a GWAS was made in order to search other genetic variations involved in this response. This analysis indicated the existence of some candidate SNPs with suggestion of association, including thyroglobulin, thyroid hormones related to.
SOUZA, Mariane de Amarante. "DIABETES MELLITUS ESTÁ ASSOCIADO À DOENÇA HEPÁTICA MAIS AVANÇADA EM PORTADORES DA INFECÇÃO CRÔNICA PELO VÍRUS DA HEPATITE C." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1765.
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Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus with six different genotypes (1 to 6). This virus is mainly transmitted through parenteral route. An estimated 170 million individuals are HCV carriers worldwide. HCV infection is considered as the main cause of liver cirrhosis in the West. The natural history of HCV is related to viral and host factors. Among the latter, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been related with more rapid progression of liver fibrosis. Aim: To evaluate HCV carriers and identify factors associated with more advanced degrees of liver fibrosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study with chronic HCV carriers. The study was performed at the Center for Liver Study Outpatient Clinic of the Presidente Dutra University Hospital, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, northeast Brazil. The patients had their medical records analysed. The subjects with the following features were not enrolled for this study: incomplete data, HIV or HBV coinfection, end-stage chronic renal disease on dialysis and individuals who underwent kidney or liver transplantation. Demographic data (sex and age), alcohol intake (yes or no), T2DM (presence or absence), HCV genotype and degrees of liver fibrosis were retrieved from the patients’ medical records. The patients were classified as less or more advanced fibrosis. Both groups were compared to demographic variables, viral genotypes, T2DM presence and alcohol intake. We used the chi-square test and student’s t-test for nominal and numerical variables respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with more advanced degrees of liver fibrosis. We used the SPSS version 23.0 for statistical analyses. Results: A total of 235 patients participated of this study. These patients had complete data on their medical records and met all the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of them were male (138/235; 59%) ranging from 18 to 78 years of age (53 ± 10). They were associated with more advanced degrees of fibrosis: Age (OR=1.061, 95% CI: 1.025- 1.098, p<0.001), presence of T2DM (OR 2.227, 95%CI: 1.059-4.142, p = 0.035) and alcohol intake (OR 1.921, 95%CI: 1.129-3.269, p=0.036). Conclusion: T2DM was associated with more advanced degrees of liver fibrosis among the HCV carriers. Thus, diagnosis and treatment of HCV carriers with diabetes are of great importance for interrupting the progression of liver cirrhosis.
Introdução: O vírus da Hepatite C (HCV) é um RNA vírus, que apresenta seis genótipos diferentes (1 a 6) e é transmitido por via predominantemente parenteral. Existem cerca de 170 milhões de indivíduos portadores do HCV em todo o mundo. É a principal causa de cirrose hepática no mundo ocidental. A história natural da infecção pelo HCV é modulada pela interação de fatores virais e do hospedeiro. Entre os fatores associados ao hospedeiro, Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM) tem sido associada a maior progressão da doença hepática. Objetivo: avaliar portadores do HCV e identificar fatores associados a graus mais avançados de fibrose hepática. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com portadores da infecção crônica pelo HCV. Foram analisados dados dos prontuários de pacientes atendidos no ambulatório do Núcleo de Estudo do Fígado do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, excluídos portadores de co-infecção com vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) ou vírus da hepatite B (HBV), portadores de doença renal crônica terminal em diálise e transplantados de fígado ou rim. Resgatados dados demográficos (idade e gênero), graus de fibrose hepática, genótipo viral, história de ingestão alcoólica e diagnóstico de T2DM. Os portadores foram categorizados em graus mais e menos avançados de fibrose e comparados quanto aos dados demográficos (idade e sexo), genótipo viral, presença ou não de T2DM e ingestão alcoólica. Diferenças entre variáveis numéricas foram calculadas pelo teste t de Student e entre nominais pelo Quiquadrado. Foi realizada regressão logística multivariada para identificar fatores independentemente associados com graus mais avançados de fibrose. O programa SPSS versão 23.0 foi utilizado. Resultados: Incluídos 225 pacientes, a maioria do sexo masculino (138/235, 59%), com média de idade 53 ± 10 anos. Foram associados a graus mais avançados de fibrose: idade (OR=1,061 (IC 95% 1.025-1,098) P<0.001), presença de T2DM (OR 2,227 (IC 95% 1,059-4,142) P= 0,035) e ingestão alcoólica (OR 1,921(IC 95% 1,129-3,269) P=0,036). Conclusão: Entre portadores crônicos do HCV no Maranhão, a presença de T2DM esteve associada a graus mais avançados de fibrose hepática, sugerindo que é importante o diagnóstico da infecção crônica pelo HCV entre diabéticos, para que o tratamento da infecção seja feito, prevenindo progressão para cirrose hepática.