Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hépatite virale B'
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Beauté, Denis. "À propos de 136 cas d'hépatites virales A, B ou non A non B." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25390.
Full textMittler-Magott, Sylvie. "L'hépatite virale B et l'odonto-stomatologie." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT1517.
Full textMinello, Anne. "Epidémiologie des hépatites chroniques virales B et C." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOMU18.
Full textGaltier, Noe͏̈lle. "Les nouveaux marqueurs de l'hépatite virale B." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11193.
Full textDucos, Jacques. "Production in vitro par les lymphocytes circulants d'anticorps spécifiques au cours des hépatites virales B et C." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T027.
Full textHenry, Nathalie. "Prévalence des hépatites virales a, b et c au sein du centre hospitalier de Villeneuve sur Lot." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M156.
Full textSahajian, Frédéric. "Couverture vaccinale anti-hépatite B des personnels hospitaliers : enquête réalisée au centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M150.
Full textChabi, Nicodeme. "Relations gène-environnement des déterminants du métabolisme des monocarbones et associations avec la pathologie en Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10023/document.
Full textIn this work we had analysed nutritional and genetics determinants involved in homocysteine metabolism according to geographical areas, environment-gene interactions and their association with the most prevalent diseases in West Africa, viral B hepatitis, malaria and metabolic syndrome linked to obesity. We had shown that MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism had a dramatic influence on homocysteinemia, in relation with folates deficit. Folates status was associated with MTHFR 677T allelic frecuency, when comparing populations worldwide. There was not migrational influence, when African populations were compared with those from North America. We had found an association between T allele and favourable evolution of viral B hepatitis in Africa. In the other hand, we observed no influence of TCN776C>G on homocysteinemia. When comparing TCN 776C>G polymorphism in migrant and autochthonous populations, our results suggested a selection pressure related to malaria. This polymorphism was associated with the severe form of malaria fever. Influence of homocysteine determinants on clinical and biological markers of metabolic syndrome in Africa was preferably observed in women, with a significant association with ApoA and HDL
Lepère-Douard, Charlotte. "Analyse du mécanisme d’entrée du virus de l’hépatite B : identification d’un nouveau déterminant de l’infectivité." Rennes 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498099.
Full textThe hepatitis B virus is an extremely contagious human pathogen responsible for severe hepatic diseases like cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Even though infection can be prevented by immunization with an efficient vaccine, about 2 billion people have been infected worldwide, resulting in 350 million chronic carriers that are prone to develop liver diseases. Current treatments consist either in the use of interferon, which modulates antiviral defenses and controls infection in 30 to 40% of cases, or in the use of viral polymerase inhibitors that allow a stronger response to treatment but require long-term utilization and frequently lead to the outcome of resistant viruses. A better understanding of the virus life cycle, and particularly of the mechanism by which the virus enters the cell, could provide background for therapeutics that inhibit the early steps of infection. Then, the objective of my PhD work was to study the mechanism of HBV entry. One approach to decipher viral entry is to interfere with the function of envelope proteins. Therefore, we introduced mutations in HBV surface proteins to identify new motives necessary for viral infectivity. This strategy highlighted the role of a new infectivity determinant, in the HBV large envelope protein, which is probably implicated in a fusion process allowing the release of nucleocapsids into the cytosol of infected cells
Gourion, Delphine. "Etude des différents vaccins recombinants dirigés contre l'hépatite B, disponibles en officine en 1996." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P099.
Full textDelame, Lelièvre Pierre Emmanuel. "Nouvelles voies de développement des vaccins grâce à la biologie moléculaire : application à l'hépatite B." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P237.
Full textMarnata, Caroline. "Etude de l'entrée et de l'assemblage du virus de l'hépatite C et du virus simien GB-B : incidence sur la restriction d'hôte de ces hepacivirus." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077181.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen that infects more than 150 million persons worldwide and leads to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. A small experimental animal model would be invaluable for the development of a preventive vaccine and the improvement of current therapies. While HCV only infects humans and chimpanzees, GB virus B (GBV-B), a closely related hepacivirus, infects small New World primates (tamarins, marmosets). The aim of this study was to determine the viral life cycle step(s) involved in primate-species restriction of HCV and GBV-B in order to develop a small primate model of HCV infection. We found that HCV surface glycoproteins allowed efficient entry into tamarin hepatic cell lines and primary marmoset hepatocytes, demonstrating that virus cell entry was not restricted. Furthermore, we found that a highly cell culture adapted strain of HCV was able to achieve a complete viral cycle leading to a modest secretion of infectious virions in marmouset liver cells cultured ex vivo. These data suggest that further adaptation of HCV to this simian host may be possible, thus are promising toward the development of an accessible in vivo model system for hepatitis C
Chieregato, Laurence. "Traitement de l'hépatite chronique non-A, non-B parl'interféron alpha 2b recombinant." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P028.
Full textAkif, Nora. "Etude des hépatites virales sériques B et C d'origine professionnelle répertoriées par la caisse nationale des assurances sociales (C. N. A. S. ) de 1986 à 2002." Alger, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIED001.
Full textGautier, Nicolas. "Contribution de la vaccination spécifique chez les patients atteints d'hépatite virale B chronique active : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M164.
Full textLepère, Douard Charlotte. "Analyse du mécanisme d'entrée du virus de l'hépatite B : Identification d'un nouveau déterminant de l'infectivité." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498099.
Full textDucroux, Aurélie. "Etudes des mécanismes contrôlant la réplication du virus de l'Hépatite B dans le contexte de l'infection : rôle de la protéine virale HBx et des protéines cellulaires PRMT1 et Spindlin1." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077179.
Full textIn the nucleus of hepatocyte, the viral genome is organized into a mini-chromosome (cccDNA), associated with histones and non-histone proteins. The cccDNA is subject to epigenetic regulation that controls its transcription. The viral regulatory protein HBx is essential for viral replication. HBx plays a fondamental role in the establishment of an active transcription from the cccDNA during infection, however, the molecular mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the transactivating activity of HBx, we isolated by affinity purification its nuclear partners. We focused on two partners: PRMT1 and Spindlin1. We have shown that PRMT1 exerts inhibition of HBV transcription via its methyltransferase activity and that HBx is able to counteract this activity. We have shown by ChIP that Spindlinl is recruited onto cccDNA during infection. This recruitment correlates with a decrease in viral mRNAs. We demonstrated by nuclear mn-on experiments that Spindlinl acts on HBV transcription. In addition, we showed that HBx is able to partially counteract this repression by decreasing Spindlin1 recruitment onto cccDNA. Importantly, we also showed that Spindlinl represses the transcription of another DNA virus (HSV-1), suggesting that it may be involved in a broader anti-viral response. Finally, in order to elucidate further the molecular mechanisms of viral transcriptional repression by Spindlinl and its functional interaction with HBx, we isolated Spindlinl partners by affinity purification
Perie, Geneviève. "Contribution à l'étude de l'expression de l'antigène pré S1 sérique chez 181 patients." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P026.
Full textGomez, Isabelle. "Les anticorps anti virus de l'hépatite C chez les hémophiles francais." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P189.
Full textMeyer, Jean-Luc. "Soixante ans de recherches sur l'étiologie des hépatites infectieuses (1920-1980) : considérations historiques & épistémologiques sur la notion d'agent viral." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010606.
Full textIn a historical (1920-1980) and epistemological perspective, we attempted to ascertain the appearance of two new "objets", the a and b hepatitis viruses, on the "scene of biomedicine". Pour main phases could be considered as the "hight points" in the identification of infectious viral hepatitis during this period: the first, concerned the differentiation between epidemic a and serum b hepatitis; from 1945 to 1960, there were different ways of considering serum hepatitis which seen to occur after inoculation of blood products (including plasma and concentrated factor vii); - the second, saw the recongnition of a special serum antigen, the 'australia' antigen, and later the possibility of vaccination against the b virus; - the third, included the characterization of the biostructure of the a and b viruses and the consequent development of viral epidemiology and a better understanding of the immunoenetic phenomena involved in diseases caused by these viruses, including primary liver cancer (b virus);- the fourth, was the identification and deciphering of information in the viral genome through genetic and molecular engineering which demonstrated the importance of the role played by rna molecules in the mechanisms of viral genome replication and integration (b virus). These four phases resulted not only in a better understanding of viral agents, but also most importantly, in a conceptual apprehension of the perspectives and renewed actions which could be taken against those two viral agents
Traoré, Aïcha Nina. "Mesure de l'incidence de l'hépatite virale B selon la séroconversion pour l'AC HBC, chez les donneurs de sang du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18875.
Full textThe goal of this study was to evaluate the residual risk of hepatitis B viral (HBV) by measuring its incidence among 112,242 blood donors at Hema-Quebec, via the seroconversion for the antibody directed against the core (anti-HBc) instead of the usual surface antigen (HBsAg). We considered as incident cases donors who had a seroconversion for the anti-HBc and who were screened positive for the anti-HBs (antibody directed against the HBsAg). From April 2003 to April 2005, the identification of 13 anti-HBc incident cases and 3 for HBsAg permitted us to estimate respective incidences of 12.6 x 105 person-years-1 and 3.35 x 105 person-years-1, which corresponded to residual risks of 1 in 63,018 donations and 1 in 237,731 donations. The HBV incidence via the anti-HBc seroconversion is different from the estimate via the HBsAg. Our study suggests that anti-HBc seroconversion may not be a reliable marker of recent hepatitis B infection.
Le, Guerhier Franck. "Mécanismes de l'inhibition de la transcriptase inverse des hépadnavirus et de l'élimination virale induites par de nouveaux analogues de nucléosides et de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques, dans les modèles animaux de l'hépatite B." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10137.
Full textKabissa, Imed. "Résultat du traitement par la lamivudine chez trois groupes de patients atteints d'hépatite chronique virale B : non greffés, greffés hépatiques et greffés rénaux." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23065.
Full textZhang, Qian. "Etude des corrélations entre les marqueurs de l'hôte et les marqueurs virologiques du virus de l'hépatite B en fonction de la réponse aux traitements par interféron." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077006.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection remains a serious global public health problem with 350 million people infected. The major aim of my thesis is to study the association between the response to treatment of interferon (IFN) and host and virolgic markers in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In the first part of our work, we have assessed the impact of IFNL3 polymorphism (rs12979860) on response to IFN in 97 patients with HBeAg positive CHB. No significant relationship was observed between IFNL3 and response to IFN therapy. The second part of our work forked on indentifying the S gene variability of patients at baseline of Pegylated interferon (PegIFN) plus tenofoviron (TDF) combination therapy in order to determine the role of HBsAg variants on response to treatment. A SVR was observed in 22% of patients and HBsAg loss in 12% patients. N-SVR patients showed more variability along the S protein. The Accumulation of residue substitutions in and around the "a" determinant at baseline should be a sensitive predictor of response to combination of PegIFN and TDF therapy in CHB patients. In vitro analysis showed less HBsAg secretion in N-SVR group accompanying with similar viral replication to wild type HBV. In conclusion, my thesis work led to a better understanding of the role of IFNL3 and HBsAg in the mechanism of response to IFN treatment. These researches aimed to optimize the use of these markers to improve the clinical management of CHB patients
Paboriboune, Phimpha. "Surveillance des hépatites virales B-C au Laos : de l'analyse de routine à la recherche de biomarqueurs par métabolomique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30300/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis reflects many years of effort to devoted the implementation of quality diagnostics of viral hepatitis in Laos at the Centre d'infectiologie Lao Christophe Mérieux (CILM), of which I am now the scientific director. In the introduction, we wanted to present the socio-economic characteristics of Laos and its health challenges in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), which guide public policies in developing countries. We felt it was important to highlight these points as well as the presentation of the CILM to help the readers to understand the context in which this work was carried out. It is thanks to a bio-bank with more than 7,000 biological samples from patients infected with viral hepatitis B and C viruses, that we were able to ask the key research question of this thesis: What is the evolution of patients infected by viral hepatitis B/C who have been follow the viral load at CILM for the past ten years or so? This question raised a second one concerning the quality of diagnosis in health centres in Vientiane. For example, we were interested in the rapid diagnostic kits for hepatitis B used in Vientiane's health facilities, compared to the standard used in our laboratory. This work, which has resulted in the publication of 2 articles (a third article has been submitted), plays a crucial role for the country, as it provides Laotian public health authorities with a focus for action to combat this scourge
Gelu-Siméon, Moana. "Facteurs de progression et évolution des hépatopathies chroniques virales et alcooliques en Guadeloupe." Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0825.
Full textPrevalence data for viral hepatitis B and C, available in Guadeloupe, were evaluted at 3. 1% for HBsAg, 22. 1% for anti-HBc Ab and 0. 8% for anti-HCV in 1992 and need to be updated. Alcohol also remains a major cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer in the world and the first in Europe. Guadeloupe is not spared by the harmful consequences of alcohol, but there is no data on this issue, especially for alcoholic liver disease. Many factors of progression of chronic liver diseases and their impact on the response to antiviral treatment were identified but these have never been studied in a Caribbean population, as well as environmental toxic effect on the progression of fibrogenesis. Objectives: Refresh epidemiology of chronic viral liver disease and describe their management in Guadeloupe. Describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of chronic alcoholic liver disease in Guadeloupe. Assess the factors of progression and evolution of viral liver diseases and chronic alcoholics in Guadeloupe. Describe the evolution and management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Guadeloupe. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prevalence survey of viral hepatitis B and C in the general population using data from a health center in Guadeloupe, conducted a prospective evaluation of cases of viral and alcoholic chronic liver diseases from the referral centers as well as an assessment of the management of chronic liver disease by general practitioners and specialists, and factors of liver disease progression specific to Guadeloupe. Finally, we assessed the causes and the treatment of new cases of HCC in Guadeloupe. Results: The prevalence results were evaluated to 1. 41 [95% CI: 1-2] for HBsAg and 0. 55 [95% CI: 0. 28 to 0. 96] for the HCV serology. The rate of vaccination against hepatitis B was estimated at 42% in adults. The main modes of contamination found were sexual (28. 2%), piercing (12. 9%) and intra-familly exposure to HBV (6,4à 14. 1%); surgical history (especially gynecological surgery) (50%) for HCV. The main HBV virological profile was inactive carrier, HBeAg-negative (95. 8%), A1 genotype (67. 3%), D (18. 2%) or E (14. 5%); and genotype 1 for HCV (80%). Praticians questioned about their knowledge of viral hepatitis, responded accurately in 55% of cases and were largely in favor of anti-viral vaccination B. Only 16. 9% of patients were given HBV antiviral treatment as an inactive form in more than 75% of cases. It was estimated at 16% of patients treated for HCV infection in Guadeloupe, with a response rate to combination therapy at 32% (in 2010). Factors of poorer response to antiviral therapy were retained: the study of IL28B polymorphisms evaluated in 54 HCV patients with a high frequency of T / T genotype (55. 3%) among Afro-Caribbean patients. HTLV-1 co-infection in patients infected with HCV suggest a poorer response to antiviral therapy in these patients. Alcohol consumption is also a real problem in our region, mainly based on rum with a daily median of alcohol ingested 50 g / day [20-380], while wine and beer were rarely drunk alone. The blood impregnation organochlorine toxics, particularly Chlordecone is also a risk factor of progression of chronic liver disease. Among the patients with HCC, late diagnosis is the main reason of palliative care, for chemoembolization in 10. 8% of cases or Nexavar in 22. 9% of cases. Finally, the majority of these patients (59. 4%) was treated symptomatically. A minority (6. 7%) received a cure by surgery or liver transplantation. Conclusion: Despite its privileged relationship with mainland France, Guadeloupe suffers from geographical isolation which complicates the therapeutic management of patients with viral or alcoholic chronic liver disease. In addition, the specificities of this geographic and cultural territory are not taken into account in the implementation of health policies. A better understanding of epidemiology and progression of liver disease factors will improve the care of patients with viral or alcoholic chronic liver disease in this region
Ramière, Christophe. "Interactions entre le métabolisme hépatique des sels biliaires et des lipoprotéines et les infections par les virus des hépatites B et C." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10016.
Full textHepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) infections are tightly linked with hepatic lipid metabolism. HBV replication depends on specific nuclear receptors, such as HNF4α and PPARα, both implicated in this metabolism. HCV assembly depends on the synthesis of Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL), and the virus circulates in the blood as lipo-viral-particles associated in particular with apoB, an essential component of VLDL. In this study, we first studied the influence of FXRα, the nuclear receptor for bile acids, on HBV replication. We showed that, in vitro, bile acids, via FXRα, were able to activate the HBV Core promoter which controls the level of viral replication. Then, in the study of the interactions between HCV and lipoproteins, we demonstrated that apoB, which is associated with a proportion of viral particles, played an important role in HCV infectivity in vitro, and that Cideb, a protein involved in VLDL assembly, was implicated in the association between HCV and apoB and influenced the infectivity of secreted viral particles. Finally, we showed that, besides HCV infectious particles, sub-particles bearing only viral envelope glycoproteins circulated in the blood of infected patients. Interactions of HBV with the metabolism of bile acids, and of HCV with the metabolism of lipoproteins, are two examples of adaptation of a parasite to its host. The potential benefits from these interactions are still to be determined, as well as the possibility to develop anti-viral strategies targeting lipid metabolism
Siegel, Martine. "Méthodes de diagnostic de l'hépatite B et intérêt de la recherche de l'ADN viral." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15038.
Full textPaez, Jimenez Adela. "Epidémiologie des hépatites virales aiguës B et C au Caire, Egypte." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066543.
Full textTordjeman, Marc. "Analyse de l'antigénicité de la nucléocapside du virus de l'hépatite B à l'aide d'un antigène recombinant et de peptides synthétiques : application au diagnostic." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T026.
Full textMalavialle, Philippe. "Infections virales en transplantation hépatique : à propos des 104 premiers greffés." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23053.
Full textHuguet-Garmath, Corinne. "Les arthrites virales : revue de la littérature à propos d'une observation." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11028.
Full textLamrayah, Myriam. "Délivrance ciblée d’un agoniste de TLR2 par des nanoparticules d’acide polylactique et évaluation de l’efficacité thérapeutique contre les hépatites chroniques virales B." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1347.
Full textHepatitis B virus is considered as a global burden despite an efficient prophylactic vaccine and antiviral therapies improving patient’s lifetime. Almost one million people die per year worldwide, mostly from complications as cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. Thus, it is crucial to develop novel antiviral strategies to broaden the spectrum of available treatment in order to eradicate the virus. Innovative approaches to achieve complete HBV cure (defined by HBsAg clearance in addition with cccDNA elimination) exploit combination of immunomodulation and antiviral action. In this way, the host immune system, inhibited by the virus, is reactivated and thus, allows the organism to struggle autonomously after the direct antiviral action. Despite numerous trials, clinical development of such strategies has been trivial, largely due to systemic toxicity in healthy organs and weak prolonged antiviral effect. Drug delivery systems, such as nanotechnologies, are capable to overcome these side effects by specific delivery such as here the liver, by molecular protection and prolonged release. This thesis project allowed us to investigate a novel therapeutic strategy based on biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles entrapping a Toll-Like-Receptor (TLR) ligand, named Pam3CSK4, and functionalized with a specific-hepatocyte peptide, which allow the targeting of liver cells of interest. We were able to: 1) precisely characterize the mechanism of TLR ligand vectorization by physico-chemical evaluation and molecular modeling, then correlated with TLR activation efficiency (Lamrayah et al, 2019), 2) study the biodistribution of therapeutic candidates by different imaging systems: non invasive in mouse whole body for a longitudinal follow-up (fluorescence molecular tomography), or by ex vivo experiments using immunofluorescence staining to show the hepatocyte targeting efficiency, 3) validate the antiviral efficiency of formulations in vitro using hepatocyte cell line models, and in vivo on a AAV-HBV infected murine model. This set of results led us to propose a novel class of antiviral treatments using PLA particles functionalized with a targeting peptide
Sureau, Camille. "Production du virus de l'hépatite B par une lignée d'hépatoblastique humaine différenciée après transfection par le génome viral récircularise." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR3801.
Full textPelletier, Pascale. "Porphyrie cutanée tardive et infection par les virus des hépatites B, C, G, et le virus VIH. Etude de 53 cas en Languedoc-Roussillon." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON11138.
Full textHabersetzer, François. "Approches immunothérapeutiques des hépatites virales B et C : étude in vivo et in vitro : traitement par interféron et obtention d'anticorps anti-enveloppe ayant des propriétés neutralisantes." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T157.
Full textKhawaja, Ghada. "Évaluation d’une nouvelle approche vaccinale basée sur l’électroporation in vivo d’ADN pour le traitement des hépatites B chroniques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10045.
Full textDespite the existence of an effective prophylactic vaccine, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem. Since persistence of HBV infection is mostly associated with insufficient immune responses, therefore DNA vaccination capable of activating both humoral and cellular immune responses appears as a pertinent strategy for chronic hepatitis B therapy. However, the efficacy of such therapeutic approach remains limited in humans. Improvement of DNA vaccine efficacy is therefore needed for future therapeutic applications in clinic. The main objective of this thesis was to investigate in the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) model, whether the protective and therapeutic efficacy of DNA vaccine can be enhanced using EP-based delivery system. Firstly, we showed in naïve ducks that EP-based delivery was able to improve the dose efficiency of DNA vaccine and to maintain a highly neutralizing, multi-specific B-cell response even with relatively low DNA doses, suggesting that it may be an effective approach for chronic hepatitis B therapy at clinically feasible DNA dose. Secondly, we showed in chronic DHBV-carriers that in vivo EP is able to dramatically enhance the therapeutic potency of DNA vaccine targeting hepadnaviral proteins. Indeed, this approach was able to consistently restore humoral immune response and to sustainably decrease and even clear viral infection. Thus, these data strongly support the use of this approach for chronic hepatitis B therapy in humans
Mohamed, Sofiane. "Recherche de mutations induisant des résistances aux antiviraux chez des patients atteints du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1, du virus de l'hépatite B et de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5000/document.
Full textMolecular biology based assays are invaluable tools for the patients follow-up. They can help to establish the prognosis, guide for the treatment decisions and assess the virological response to therapy. Highly variable viruses like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) which have a quasispecies distribution. Selection pressure on viral replicative environment such as an antiviral drug treatment, generally lead to a redistribution of the viral quasispecies with an increasing of the best adapted viral mutant. Our work allowed in this context to validate the clinical impact of majority but also minority mutations through the implementation of several sequencing techniques (pyrosequencing, high-throughput sequencing and allele-specific PCR). We also validated the use of a simple, reliable and routinely software solution by clinician for clinical interpretation of the mass of data generated by high-throughput sequencing. Finally, in the context of the diagnostic testing, we clinically validated in a cohort of patients infected with HBV, use the Dried Blood Spot technique as a supporting noninvasive diagnostic alternative sampling, especially for populations that have no access to conventional health structures and developing countries
Watelet, Bénédicte. "Expression sous forme recombinante des antigènes c et e du virus de l'hépatite B : caractérisation et potentiel diagnostique." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10232.
Full textTurlin, Bruno. "Hepatites chroniques actives virales non a non b et c : etude anatomo-pathologique de 71 cas ; correlations anatomo-cliniques et biologiques." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN1M036.
Full textBoukadida, Célia. "Analyses structurales et fonctionnelles comparées de la protéine non structurale NS2 des hepacivirus : topologie transmembranaire, activité protéolytique et rôle dans la morphogenèse des particules virales." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077154.
Full textHepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infects approximately 150 million persons worldwide and is associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this work was to gain insight into the role of HCV nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) in the viral life cycle. With this aim, we undertook to determine whether structural and functional features of NS2 were conserved between HCV and two phylogenetically related viruses, GB virus B (GBV-B) and the non-primate hepacivirus (NPHV) that infect small primates and horses, respectively. Our membrane association and structural analyses revealed that despite limited sequence similarity, HCV and GBV-B NS2 proteins share a similar topological organization, with three transmembrane segments located in their N-terminal region and a cytosolic C-terminal domain. We further demohstrated that GBV-B and NPHV NS2 are cysteine auto-proteases responsible for the cleavage at the NS2/NS3 junction and that GBV-B NS2 is a dimeric protease containing a composite catalytic triad, as previously shown for HCV NS2. However, unlike for HCV and NPHV NS2, the transmembrane region of GBV-B NS2 is required for its proteolytic activity. Chimeric and trans-complementation approaches revealed that the role of HCV NS2 in particle assembly is virus and genotype specific. Moreover, our data suggested that functional interactions between the N- and C-terminal subdomains of HCV NS2 are critically involved in virion morphogenesis. Finally, we developed a fluorescent microscopy approach to follow HCV NS2 trafficking in live infected cells in order to gain further insight into the mechanisms of action of this protein during HCV life cycle
Eboumbou, Moukoko Else Carole. "Evaluation des effets de polymorphismes génétiques (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IFN-gamma R1) et de coinfections virales (VHB, VHC) sur la fibrose de symmers." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066106.
Full textRoingeard, Philippe. "Etude immunocytochimique et ultrastructurale des cellules hépatocytaires infectées par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) à partir de deux modèles : lignées continues d'hépatocarcinomes humains ; lignée d'hépatoblastome transfectée avec le génome viral." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR3802.
Full textGerossier, Laetitia. "L’influence de HBx sur la réplication du virus de l’Hépatite B et les conséquences sur la cellule." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1196/document.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem worldwide as (1) despite an effective preventive vaccine over 240 million individuals are chronically infected and (2) the actual viral suppressive treatments available do not eliminate viral DNA from cells. Thus, infected individuals are at a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and understanding viral replication mechanisms and how it impacts on hepatocarcinogenesis is a major challenge.The role of the HBx protein, notably in viral replication and oncogenic processes, is the subject of many publications. However, many studies have often used non-physiological infection conditions. My thesis project has addressed these limitations by using cellular models, including primary human hepatocytes which can be infected by HBV, to investigate HBx’s role in these processes. I have shown that HBx is indispensable for HBV replication and that HBx associates with the infected cell’s DDB1/ E3 ubiquitin complex to target its Smc5/6 complex for degradation via the proteasome. These studies have identified that the Smc5/6 complex is a novel viral restriction factor that acts at an epigenetic level to block viral replication. This unexpected role of SMC5/6 has led to new research into the evolutionary conservation of restriction factors for episomal DNA viruses. As SMC5/6 is implicated in DNA Damage Repair (DDR), the last section of my thesis reports how SMC5/6 degradation in infected cells can sensitise cells to the cell killing effects of DNA damaging agents such as ionizing radiation and hydroxyurea. These results open-up possibilities for HCC treatment where HBx expression may be of therapeutic benefit
Bréchot, Christian. "Étude des relations entre les infections par le virus de l'hépatite B et les cancers primitifs du foie : analyse de l'état de l'ADN viral dans les cellules infectées." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077014.
Full textKostrzak, Anna. "Les pseudo-particules virales du VHB, produites chez les plantes, comme vecteur d'un polyépitope du VIH-1 pour un vaccin oral bivalent contre le sida et l'hépatite B." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0042.
Full textCurrently one of the most important worldwide demands is to find a more efficacious, cost-effective and reliable method of mass immunization for hepatitis B and many other fatal diseases afflicting underdeveloped regions of the globe. Plants plants could potentially symplify, and thus lower, the cost of immunization and by obviating the need for needles and specialized medical staff. We obtained the transgenic tobacco plants expressing small hepatitis B antigen (SHBsAg). The production and structure of SHBsAg was measured by anti-SHBsAg ELISA, western blot and transmission electron microscopy. Transformants showing high SHBsAg expression were lyophilized and the immunogenicity of dried leaves containing SHBsAg was evaluated by measuring cellular and humoral responses. For the cellular response, we measured the activation of CD8 T cells and the presence of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in peripheral lymph nodes and spleen. The humoral response was evaluated by ELISA tests, measuring anti-SHBsAg IgGs in serum and anti-SHBsAg IgAs in faeces and serum. Non-transgenic tobacco plants and plants producing SHBsAg were used for genetic transformation with three different constructs containing an HIV polyepitope-SHBsAg fusion protein. These results brings new knowledge in the use of the Hepatitis B virus-like particles as carrier of an HIV-1 polyepitope in palnts, second genetic plant transformation and plant oral immunization
Wang, Shishan. "Production, assembly and solid-state NMR analysis of various hepatitis B virus capsids." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1146.
Full textHepatitis B is a widely spread liver disease which causes a heavy burden for human health, with 257 millions of people affected by chronic infection and about 780,000 deaths per year. Yet, infected patients can not be completely cured by current treatments using notably nucleos(t)ide analogues and interferons. In order to achieve the goal of the World Health Assembly (WHA), who wishes to eliminate hepatitis B by 2030, new therapies need to be developed. Given its critical role for the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle, the core protein (Cp) is today one of the antiviral targets with the highest potential. Our research focuses on the characterization of HBV capsids in different conformational states using biochemistry and solid-state NMR, aiming at revealing their precise conformation under different conditions, including the interaction of capsids with antivirals, and the correlation between capsid conformation and viral maturation. For sample preparation, both a bacterial expression system and a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system have been established in the laboratory to produce HBV capsids, and protocols to disassemble and reassemble capsids with different nucleic acids have been implemented. Both capsids preformed in E. coli and capsids reassembled in vitro were addressed to NMR studies. Different capsids forms include the truncated versions Cp140 and Cp149, the full length protein Cp183, the phosphorylated P-Cp183 and mutant forms. First, we have prepared samples for the sequential assignment of the protein using solid-state NMR. The use of carbon-13 detection asks for several tens of milligrams of sample, which were produced using labeled isotopes and bacterial expression in minimal media. Sequential assignments were performed using the truncated capsid Cp149, which showed highly similar spectra to Cp183. This sample was also used to identify conformational differences between the four different monomers in the capsid, which are due to the T=4 icosahedral symmetry. Then, the main body of the thesis is the investigation and comparison of a variety of different capsid forms, including Cp183, P-Cp183, Cp149, Cp140, another truncated form resulting in mainly T=3 icosahedral assemblies, and Cp140 C61A and Cp183 F97L mutants. We investigated all samples in both the E. coli-produced and reassembled forms, which needs for the full-length protein the presence of nucleic acids, of which we tested several, including the viral pregenomic RNA. We investigated different symmetries, as well as oxidation states of the capsid, and compared the differences via chemical shift perturbations observed in NMR spectra. We reported in a site-specific manner the major conformational changes observed between the different preparations. Proton-detected solid-state NMR at 100 kHz has recently emerged as a tool for analyzing proteins with the need of less sample amount. We have applied this strategy to the analysis of the Cp149 capsids, in order to obtain sequential assignments of the amide proton resonances. For this, deuteration of the protein in bacteria was used as well, needing adaptation of sample preparation protocols. Proton detection can be successfully combined with cell-free protein synthesis, which gives low yields compared to bacterial expression. This approach is of potential interest to analyze capsid assembly modulation induced by the presence of drugs. While we have started in the framework of this thesis to analyze the capsid in presence of different capsid assembly modulators by carbon-13 detected NMR on E. coli and reassembled capsids (preliminary results not reported here), proton detection opens the way to an analysis of the impact of capsid modulation directly on the exit of the core proteins from the ribosome, on assembly. We showed that cell-free expression combined with proton-detection solid-state NMR can be used to analyze capsid chemical shifts, and thus in future work the conformational modulations
Brichler, Ségolène. "Le virus de l'hépatite delta : implication du stress oxydant, de STAT-3 et de NF-kappaB dans la pathogénèse virale." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T002.
Full textThe hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite of hepatitis B virus (HBV). HDV uses the HBV envelope proteins to form its viral particles. The HDV genome encodes two proteins, p24 (or small protein sHDAg) and p27 (or large protein LHDAg) from a single open reading frame located on the antigenome through an editing event occuring on the delta mRNA. P24 and p27 are identical, except for the 19 additional amino acids at p27 Cterminus, which contain an isoprenylation site on a cysteine residue at position 211 (C211). This isoprenylation is critical for addressing the delta ribonucleoprotein to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, for interaction with HBV envelope proteins, assembly and secretion of delta virions. During HBV/HDV co-infection, an inhibition of HBV replication is generally observed. However, the resulting liver disease is much more severe, with a higher incidence of fulminant hepatitis, and an accelerated progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms are unclear, but suggest a specific HDV-related pathogenesis. To explore these questions, we used a transient transfection of Huh7 hepatocytes, using plasmids encoding the p24 and p27 delta proteins. In a first study, we show that p27, and p24 to a lesser extent, inhibit HBV replication by blocking the activation of enhancers 1 and 2, reponsible for the high level of HBV replication. Moreover, p27 can activate the interferon type I (IFNa/b)-inducible MxA promoter, and potentiate the effect of IFNa/b on MxA promoter. In a second study we investigated possible specific pathogenic mechanisms relaed to HDV. The activation of oxidative stress pathways appears to be an elective mechanism in hepatitis B and C (HCV) pathogenesis. Indeed HCV nonstructural NS5A and core proteins, and HBV HBx and envelope proteins, can induce oxidative stress within infected cells. Many transcription factors involved in various cellular signaling pathways are thus activated. Among these, STAT-3, considered as a true oncogene and NF-kB are two key factors regulating proliferation and cell death. Their activation has been found in many types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results show that p27 induces a significant ER stress and an increased synthesis of the NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) enzyme, involved in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, and serine or threonine phosphorylation of many transcription factors. Indeed, in our model, ROS production is significantly higher in cells expressing p27, as well as phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT-3 and NF-kB. These results are confirmed by the use of antioxidants and calcium inhibitors that strongly inhibit this activation. Similarly, using a p27 plasmid construct in which C211 is mutated to serine, we obtained a 50% decrease of STAT-3 and NF-kB activation, confirming the role of isoprenylation in the observed effects. In conclusion, our results constitute a first approach to understanding the mechanisms of HDV-related liver pathogenesis