Academic literature on the topic 'Hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC)"
Tovo, Cristiane Valle, Diogo Edele dos Santos, Ângelo Zambam de Mattos, Paulo Roberto Lerias de Almeida, Angelo Alves de Mattos, and Breno Riegel Santos. "Prevalência ambulatorial em um hospital geral de marcadores para hepatites B e C em pacientes com infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 43, no. 2 (June 2006): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032006000200002.
Full textFarias, Cleilton Sampaio de, Maurício R. M. P. da Luz, and Ricardo Antunes Dantas de Oliveira. "AS HEPATITES VIRAIS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DOS SEUS TERRITÓRIOS." Raega - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise 46, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/raega.v46i1.56419.
Full textdo Monte, Larissa Emilly Fiusa, Vanessa Ferreira Barroso, Isabela Coelho Simão, Karyne Costa Cavalcante, Claudio Vinicius Araujo Pinheiro, Viviane Melo e. Silva de Figueiredo, Juliana Ramos Carneiro, and Plínio da Cunha Leal. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HEPATITIS B AND C WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Revista UNINGÁ 58 (March 11, 2021): eUJ3954-eUJ3954. http://dx.doi.org/10.46311/2318-0579.58.euj3954.
Full textOkwuraiwe, A. P., R. A. Audu, F. A. Ige, O. B. Salu, C. K. Onwuamah, and A. Z. Musa. "Long term outcomes of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected Nigerians and those co-infected with hepatitis B and C viruses." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i1.9.
Full textFouelifack, Florent Ymele, Jeanne Hortence Fouedjio, Jovanny Tsuala Fouogue, and Loic Dongmo Fouelifa. "Seroprevalences and Correlates of Hepatitis B and C Among Cameroonian Pregnant Women." Clinical Medicine Insights: Reproductive Health 12 (January 1, 2018): 117955811877067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179558118770671.
Full textMENDOZA TICONA, Alberto, and Frine SAMALVIDES CUBA. "Transmisión de los virus de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida, hepatitis B y hepatitis C por exposiciones laborales en trabajadores de salud: Aspectos de profilaxis pre y post exposición." Revista Medica Herediana 16, no. 4 (January 3, 2013): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/rmh.v16i4.808.
Full textRojas Rodríguez, Carlos Arturo, Angelica Tobon Guevara, Mauricio Sepulveda Copete, Nelson Rojas Rojas, and Diego Fernando Jimenez Rivera. "Hepatitis C: una aproximación clínica y epidemiológica en Cali, Colombia." Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología 33, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.22516/25007440.222.
Full textFonseca, José Carlos Ferraz da, and Leila Melo Brasil. "Infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C na região Amazônica brasileira." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 37, suppl 2 (2004): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822004000700001.
Full textZambrano-Plata, Gloria Esperanza, and Javier Cortez. "Seroprevalencia de vih, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, chagas y sifilis en donantes de bancos de sangre de cúcuta (colombia) 1.998 - 1.999." Respuestas 6, no. 1 (June 18, 2016): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.588.
Full textBedoya, Jair Alberto Patiño, Mónica María Cortés Márquez, and Jaiberth Antonio Cardona Arias. "Seroprevalencia de marcadores de infecciones transmisibles por vía transfusional en banco de sangre de Colombia." Revista de Saúde Pública 46, no. 6 (December 2012): 950–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102012000600004.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC)"
José, Carneiro Leão Filho Gustavo. "Ocorrência do vírus da hepatite G em pacientes com carcinoma hepatocelular em Pernambuco." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2006. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9140.
Full textOs vírus das hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC) são os principais agentes envolvidos na origem e desenvolvimento do Carcinoma Hepatocelular (CHC), variando de relevância de acordo com áreas geográficas. Alguns casos não apresentam etiologia definida, sendo designados como de origem criptogênica. A partir de relatos de casos novos, possíveis agentes são freqüentemente aventados na literatura internacional, principalmente os de natureza infecciosa. Dentre eles encontra-se o Vírus da Hepatite G (VHG). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência do VHG em pacientes com carcinoma hepatocelular em Pernambuco. O desenho do estudo foi o descritivo do tipo série de casos, incluindo-se 32 pacientes portadores de CHC atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco entre junho de 1996 e julho de 1999, que preencheram os critérios de inclusão e dispunham de amostras sanguíneas armazenadas em soroteca, sendo realizando detecção do ARN do VHG pelo método da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Os dados foram coletados em ficha previamente elaborada, contendo dados clínicos e de exames complementares. A idade média dos pacientes foi 58 anos, sendo 63% do sexo masculino. Vinte e oito dos 32 pacientes 88% - apresentaram cirrose hepática, com a seguinte distribuição na classificação de Child-Pugh: A = 8, B = 14, C = 6. A pesquisa dos marcadores e/ou genomas virais foi positiva em 26 pacientes (81%), sendo o VHG presente em 9 casos (28%), entretanto em apenas um dos casos de forma isolada. Não houve diferenças nas características clínico epidemiológicas e laboratoriais entre os pacientes positivos ou negativos para o VHG. Em conclusão, este estudo clínico-epidemiológico revelou que, na casuística avaliada, a maioria dos casos de CHC esteve relacionada aos vírus das hepatites B, C ou G. Isoladamente, entretanto, o genoma do vírus da hepatite G foi detectado em apenas um paciente
Santos, Márcio Bezerra. "Prevalência de marcadores sorológicos dos vírus das Hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC) em indivíduos infectados por Schistosoma mansoni no bairro Santa Maria, Aracaju/SE." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3246.
Full textThe Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease, severe, chronic waterborne and development, whose etiologic agent is Schistosoma mansoni. It occurs in 74 countries with 207 million people infected and 700 million in risky areas. In Brazil, data indicate a prevalence of eight million. The Schistosomiasis can be exacerbated when patients are carriers of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and C (HCV), resulting in simultaneous evolution of both pathologies. In Brazil, the prevalence of co-infection with HBV/HCV and S. mansoni found in studies ranged from 13.6% to 40% for HBV and 0.5% to 19.66% for the HCV. On this basis, this research aimed to identify the prevalence of serological markers of HBV and HCV and risky factors in individuals carrying the S. mansoni in the Santa Maria neighborhood, Aracaju, state of Sergipe. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Data were collected for each patient by means of a questionnaire investigation. This questionnaire included variables identifying the subject of the research participants and variables that included the epidemiological risky factors for infection with HBV or HCV. We collected serum samples of research participants and forwarded to the laboratory testing to identify serological markers of hepatitis B and C: Total Anti-HBc IgG, Anti-HBs, HBsAg and Anti-HCV. All procedures performed using the technique of chemiluminescence immunoassay using the ARCHITECT assay for each serological marker following the protocols established by the laboratory equipment manufacturer SYSTEM ARCHITECT. In addition, we carried out the analysis of spatial distribution of co-infection in the district through the program using the TerraView Kernel intensity estimation. It was found that 16 individuals had contact with HBV (9.41%), one of these was positive for HBsAg. Only Thirty-two samples (18.82%) were positive for the marker Anti-HBs. Three samples were positive for anti-HCV (1.76%), and also a positive for Anti-HBc. The main risks of HBV and HCV infection were related to parenteral interventions of health services, as well as sexual activity without condom use in the case of HBV. Spatial analysis of cases of co-infection (Schistosomiasis and Hepatitis) allowed the visualization of areas of higher concentration of these infections, as well as those that are exposed to different degrees of risk of transmission. The survey results allow to offer, the municipal health services, a tool to facilitate the understanding of the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and hepatitis (B and C) in Santa Maria neighborhood. Although our values are above the estimated prevalence for the Brazilian population and the Northeast, we can t infer that the individuals with Schistosomiasis are more susceptible to infection with HBV or HCV, since the risky factors were the means of risky transmission of causative agents of hepatitis and not infected with S. mansoni.
A Esquistossomose Mansônica é uma doença parasitária grave, de veiculação hídrica e evolução crônica, cujo agente etiológico é o Schistosoma mansoni. Ocorre em 74 países, com 207 milhões de pessoas infectadas e 700 milhões em áreas de risco. No Brasil, dados indicam uma prevalência de oito milhões. A Esquistossomose pode ser agravada quando os pacientes são portadores dos Vírus das Hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC), resultando na evolução simultânea de ambas as patologias. No Brasil, As prevalências da co-infecção VHB/VHC e S. mansoni encontradas nos estudos realizados variaram de 13,6% a 40% para o HBV e de 0,5% a 19,66% para o HCV. Com base nisso, esta pesquisa objetivou identificar a prevalência de marcadores sorológicos do VHB e VHC e os fatores de risco em indivíduos portadores do S. mansoni no Bairro Santa Maria, Aracaju/SE. Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal. Coletaram-se dados de cada paciente por meio de um questionário investigativo. Este questionário contemplou variáveis de identificação do sujeito participante da pesquisa e variáveis epidemiológicas que incluíram os fatores de risco para infecção pelo HBV ou HCV. Foram coletadas alíquotas de soro dos participantes da pesquisa e encaminhadas para a realização das análises laboratoriais para identificação de marcadores sorológicos dos Vírus das Hepatites B e C: Anti-HBc Total IgG, Anti-HBs, HBsAg e Anti-HCV. Todos os procedimentos realizados utilizaram a técnica de Imunoensaio Quimioluminescente através do Ensaio ARCHITECT para cada marcador sorológico seguindo os protocolos de análises laboratoriais estabelecidos pelo fabricante do equipamento ARCHITECT SYSTEM. Além disso, realizou-se a análise espacial da distribuição da co-infecção no bairro através do programa TerraView utilizando o estimador de intensidade Kernel. Constatou-se que 16 indivíduos tiveram contato com o HBV (9,41%), desses um foi positivo para HBsAg. Apenas Trinta e duas amostras (18,82%) foram positivas para o marcador Anti-HBs. Três amostras foram positivas para Anti-HCV (1,76%), sendo uma também positiva para Anti-HBc. Os principais riscos de infecção pelo HBV e HCV foram relacionados às intervenções parenterais dos serviços de saúde, assim como à atividade sexual sem uso de preservativo, no caso do HBV. A análise espacial dos casos de co-infecção (Esquistossomose e Hepatite) permitiu a visualização de áreas de maior concentração dessas infecções, assim como as que são expostas a diferentes graus de risco de transmissão. Os resultados da pesquisa possibilitam oferecer, aos serviços municipais de saúde, um instrumento que facilite a compreensão da distribuição espacial da Esquistossomose e Hepatites (B e C) no bairro Santa Maria. Embora nossos valores sejam acima da prevalência estimada para a população brasileira e da região nordeste, não podemos inferir que os indivíduos portadores da Esquistossomose são mais susceptíveis à infecção pelo HBV ou HCV, uma vez que, os fatores de risco foram as vias de risco de transmissão de agentes causadores de hepatite e não a infecção pelo S. mansoni.
Alencar, Regiane Saraiva de Souza Melo. "Ocorrência da infecção oculta pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB) em pacientes com cirrose hepática pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) com ou sem carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5147/tde-16102014-103147/.
Full textThis study evaluated serum and liver tissue samples from 50 patients with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus (HVC) that underwent liver transplant at the Hospital das Clínicas - University of São Paulo School of Medicine during the period of 1993 to 2004, divided into two groups: Group 1 (33 cirrhotic patients due to HCV) and Group 2 (17 cirrhotic patients due to HCV with hepatocellular carcinoma - HCC). Our aim was to study the occurrence of occult HBV0 infection in cirrhotic patients due to HCV with or without HCC through the molecular study of HBV DNA in the serum, tumoral liver tissue and non tumoral liver tissue by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques using in house and real time PCR. All the patients were HBsAg negative, having previous serum samples frozen at -20ºC and liver tissue explanted in paraffin, without presenting concomitant cholestatic, metabolic and autoimmune liver diseases. The following variables were collected: gender, age, biochemical and coagulation laboratory tests and HBV serology (HBsAg, anti-HBc total, anti-HBs). Among the clinical data, ascites and encephalopathy were collected for the Child and MELD prognostic indexes. In the explanted liver tissue the Ishak\'s Score, The Brazilian Society of Pathology and Hepatology Classification for chronic hepatitis, and Edmondson and Steiner Classification for HCC were applied in the liver tissue. All samples with or without tumoral liver tissue and serum were negative for HBV DNA using in house PCR technique. By the real time PCR technique only one case from Group 2 was HBV DNA positive in serum (male, 66, isolated anti-HBc total positive and HCC). In the tumoral and non-tumoral liver tissues there were two indeterminated HBV DNA cases among Group 2 patients. All samples for Group 1 patients were negative for HBV DNA using both techniques. In conclusion, our study has shown the extremely low occult hepatitis B virus infection among the HCV cirrhotic patients with or without HCC, maybe due to the low HBV past infection among the Southeastern Brazilian population
COSTA, Ana Cássia Reis da. "Soroepidemiologia da infecção pelo Vírus da hepatite B (VHB) e pelo Vírus da hepatite C (VHC) em cirurgiões-dentistas da cidade de Belém, Pará." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4909.
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As hepatites virais representam um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. A hepatite B e a hepatite C são as de principal interesse para os profissionais da área de saúde em função do modo de transmissão e da possibilidade de aquisição ocupacional. O presente trabalho teve por principal objetivo verificar a soroprevalência da infecção pelo Vírus da Hepatite B (VHB) e pelo Vírus da Hepatite C (VHC) em cirurgiões-dentistas e relacioná-la com os fatores de risco. Participaram do estudo 97 cirurgiões-dentistas, sendo 39 do gênero masculino e 58 do gênero feminino, no período de junho a dezembro de 2005, que atuam no município de Belém, Pará, Brasil. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos por meio de inquéritos e os sorológicos por um ensaio imunoenzimático para a pesquisa de antígeno e anticorpo tanto para o VHB quanto para o VHC. O teste de Tendência foi utilizado para a análise estatística dos resultados. A prevalência do VHB foi de 6,2%, enquanto do VHC foi de 3,1% entre a população estudada. Das amostras sororreativas para os marcadores da hepatite B, a prevalência foi de 1,03% (1/97) para o anti-HBc total, 5,16% (5/97) para a presença simultânea do anti-HBc total e anti-HBs e 54,61% (53/97) para o anti-HBs. Quando comparado ao encontrado na população de doadores de sangue no Estado do Pará a prevalência do VHC na população estudada foi significativamente maior, enquanto a do VHB foi semelhante. Além disso, 37,7% (36/97) relataram terem tido algum tipo de exposição ocupacional, estando o acidente com objetos pérfuro-cortante como o mais relatado (86,1%). A medida adotada após a exposição foi sempre a lavagem com água e sabão e apenas 2,8% (1/36) dos acidentados relataram à realização de testes sorológicos. O conhecimento das normas de biossegurança e a utilização de pelo menos uma barreira de proteção individual foram relatados por todos, sendo o uso de luvas e máscara a resposta mais mencionada (96,9%). Encontravam-se imunizados contra o VHB por meio de vacina 54,61% (53/97) dos cirurgiões-dentistas, enquanto que imunes por infecção natural 5,16% (5/97). O elevado percentual de ocorrência de acidentes ocupacionais, aliado a baixa soroconversão pós-exposição dentre os cirurgiões-dentistas participantes demonstra a necessidade de se conhecer a prevalência de infecções de risco ocupacional em profissionais da área de saúde para que se adotem medidas de prevenção e controle mais eficazes contra os agentes causadores.
Viral hepatitides represent an important problem of public health in Brazil and in the world. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are the most interesting for health professionals due to the form of transmission and the possibility of occupational acquisition. The present work intended, as its main objective, to verify the seroprevalence of the infection by the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and by the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in surgeon-dentists, and to relate it to risk factors. 97 surgeon-dentists, 39 males and 58 females, who work in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil, participated in the study, from June to December of 2005. Epidemiologic data have been obtained by inquiries and the serologic ones by an immunoenzymatic assay for research on antigen and antibody for both the HBV and the HCV. The trend test was used for statistical analysis of the results. The prevalence of the HBV was of 6,2%, and the HCV was of 3,1% among the studied population. Out of the seroreactive samples to the markers of hepatitis B, the prevalence was of 1,03% (1/97) for total anti-HBc, 5,16% (5/97) for the simultaneous presence of total anti-HBc and anti-HBs, and 54,61% (53/97) for anti-HBs. When compared to the data found in the population of blood donors in the State of Pará, the prevalence of the HCV in the studied population was significantly higher, while the prevalence of the HBV was similar. Moreover, 37,7% (36/97) reported having had some type of occupational exposition, and accidents with cutting and piercing objects was the major cause (86,1%). The procedure after the exposition was always washing the wound with water and soap, and only 2,8% (1/36) of the victims reported the accomplishment of serologic tests. Knowledge of biosafety norms and the usage of at least one barrier of individual protection were stated by all dentists. The usage of gloves and masks was the most reported reply (96,9%). 54,61% (53/97) of the surgeon-dentists were immunized by HBV vaccination; 5,16% (5/97) were immunized by natural infection. The high percentage of occupational accidents, allied with the low post-exposition seroconversion amongst the surgeon-dentists, demonstrates the need of knowing the prevalence of infections of occupational risk in health professionals so that more efficient and effective prevention and control measures against the causing agents can be adopted.
Kabinda, Maotela Jeff. "Problématique du risque résiduel transfusionnel du VIH et des hépatites B et C en République Démocratique du Congo: un problème de santé publique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209042.
Full textLa transfusion sanguine est un acte médical, qui a pour but d’apporter au malade du sang ou ses dérivés. Elle est le résultat d’une chaîne d’activités complexes au cours de laquelle interviennent différentes catégories de personnel médical et paramédical, par conséquent elle ne peut pas être considérée comme un acte anodin. Elle reste entachée de beaucoup de risques, qui peuvent être, de type infectieux, immunologiques, hémodynamiques et métaboliques.
Afin de lutter contre ces risques, la sécurité transfusionnelle (l’ensemble des mesures visant à éliminer les risques immunologiques et infectieux liés à la transfusion des produits sanguins a été définie par l’OMS qui de surcroit en a précisé les 3 composantes principales qui sont: a) la disponibilité du sang. b) l’innocuité du sang. c) l’utilisation judicieuse de produits sanguins labiles.
Notre travail s’est focalisé sur l’un de ces aspects à savoir l’innocuité du sang. En effet, tandis que les pays du Nord sont à la recherche des virus émergents et commencent à déclarer que les risques viraux sont de plus en plus maîtrisés, l’Afrique se trouve encore dans la phase d’implantation de politiques et stratégies de sécurité transfusionnelle sous l’impulsion de l’OMS .L’incidence des risques viraux globalement supérieures à celle des pays du Nord est différente d’un pays à un autre.
Le risque résiduel (qui est un risque qui subsiste après la réponse au risque ou après l'application de mesures d'atténuation du risque) viral transfusionnel peut être attribué à quatre facteurs :a) l’erreur technique la plupart du temps humaine ;b) un variant viral non reconnu par certains réactifs ;c) un don infectieux séronégatif chez un porteur chronique ;d) ou un don réalisé chez un sujet très récemment infecté (« fenêtre silencieuse »).
Hypothèses :
Les hypothèses émises pour ce travail étaient :
- La connaissance, les attitudes et les pratiques de la population générale, des donneurs de sang et des prestataires de soins ne sont pas adéquates vis-à-vis de la sécurité transfusionnelle.
- La sécurité transfusionnelle en RDC n’est pas suffisante associée à un taux élevé des dons familiaux, une prévalence élevée des marqueurs viraux, le risque résiduel de virus de VIH, VHB et VHC devrait être considérable.
Objectif :
Contribuer à l’amélioration de la transfusion sanguine en RD Congo en apportant des informations évidentes et actualisées, susceptibles de contribuer à la réduction de la morbidité liée aux maladies transmissibles par le sang.
Méthodologie
Ce travail regroupe huit études. Une première étude retrace l’historique de l’implantation des services de transfusion sanguine et les différents résultats obtenus. Les 3 études suivantes évaluent la connaissance, l’attitude et la pratique des différents intervenants (la population générale, les donneurs de sang et les prestataires de soins) de la chaine de la transfusion sanguine. Deux études se focalisent sur la séroprévalence des hépatites et l’estimation du risque résiduel des hépatites B, C et du VIH. Les deux dernières études ont porté sur les séroprévalences des hépatites B, C et du VIH chez les receveurs (femmes enceintes et enfants de 6-59 mois).
La première étude fut une synthèse des données des rapports annuels du Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine avec comme objectif de jeter un regard sur l’organisation du système transfusionnel et ses réalisations.
La deuxième étude était une étude transversale menée d’une manière aléatoire auprès de 416 personnes âgées de 18 à 65 ans, résidant dans les trois zones de santé de la ville de Bukavu à l’Est de la RDC. Elle avait comme objectif l’évaluation des connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en matière de don de sang dans la population générale.
La troisième étude transversale descriptive et analytique a concerné 595 donneurs de sang de la ville de Bukavu. Son objectif était d’évaluer les connaissances, attitudes, pratiques et comportements chez les donneurs de sang du Sud-Kivu et identifier les facteurs de risque des marqueurs viraux.
La quatrième étude qui était transversale, a porté sur tout le personnel des soins :médecins, infirmiers, sage femmes, agents de formation rapide en activité dans les services hospitaliers du Sud-Kivu. Elle a eu comme objectif l’évaluation des connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des prestataires en matière de transfusion sanguine, d’infections VIH et d’hépatites B et C dans la province du Sud-Kivu.
La cinquième étude fut celle de suivi de cohorte des donneurs de sang bénévoles et non rémunérés. Son objectif était d’évaluer la séroprévalence des hépatites B et C chez les donneurs de sang bénévoles et non rémunérés.
La sixième étude a consisté aussi à l’étude de cohorte de donneurs de sang bénévoles à Bukavu. Son l’objectif était de déterminer les taux d’incidences du VIH, AgHBs et VHC chez les donneurs bénévoles du sang et estimer le risque résiduel du VIH, AgHBs et VHC chez les donneurs de sang de Bukavu.
La septième étude était une étude transversale sur les femmes enceintes de la communauté de Maniema (RD Congo). Elle avait comme objectif de déterminer la prévalence de VHB, VHC et VIH chez la femme enceinte et identifier les facteurs de risque.
Enfin la huitième étude était aussi une étude transversale sur les enfants de 6 à 59 mois de la communauté de Maniema (RD Congo). Elle avait comme objectif de déterminer la prévalence de VHB, du VHC et du VIH chez les enfants de 6 à 59 mois et en déterminer les facteurs de risque.
Résultats
Le système transfusionnel en République Démocratique du Congo est en phase d’implantation. En douze ans, c'est-à-dire de 2 001 à 2 012, il y a eu 112 882 donneurs bénévoles de sang mobilisés, plus de 80 % de produits sanguins sécurisés et plus de 80% des besoins couverts. Par ailleurs 89 688 infections du VIH ont pu être évitées par la qualification systématique des produits sanguins. Pendant la même période, 8 461 personnes ont pu être formées en transfusion sanguine. Mais il y a eu surtout une régression des marqueurs viraux. C’est ainsi que pour le VIH la prévalence est passée de 4,7% à 2,1 % entre 2 001 et 2 012 tandis que l’hépatite B a connu une régression de 7,1% à 3,5% pendant la même période. Pour l’hépatite C, ce taux est passé de 11,8% à 2,3% entre 2 004 et 2 012.
Dans la population générale la pratique de don de sang est très peu connue, nos travaux ont montré que :61% de la population ne connaissaient pas la pratique de don de sang. Certains aspects (risque infectieux viral) de la sécurité transfusionnelle ne sont pas très connus par le premier maillon de la chaine transfusionnelle (donneur de sang) et les prestataires de soins. En effet les résultats de nos études ont montré que 23,5% de donneurs de sang avaient un bon score de connaissance sur les aspects de la sécurité transfusionnelle et 11,7% prestataires avaient un bon score de la connaissance et de la pratique sur la sécurité transfusionnelle. Notre travail a montré que la prévalence des trois virus chez les donneurs de sang est importante :dans une série la séroprévalence était pour le VHB de 4,8%, pour le VHC de 3,9% et pour le VIH de 1,6%. Dans une autre série la prévalence était de 4,2% et 3,8% respectivement pour les hépatites B et C tandis que la coïnfection VHB et VHC a été évaluée à 2,2%.
L’estimation du risque résiduel a montré que le risque résiduel est très élevé dans notre pays. Ce risque résiduel est de 1/1 515 dons pour le VIH soit 6 dons de sang sur 10 000 seraient séropositifs alors qu’ils étaient testés négatifs. Pour les hépatites B et C, le risque résiduel était de 1/329 pour le VHC et de 1/126 dons pour l’hépatite B. Pour 1 000 dons de sang testés au virus de l’hépatite B, 8 seraient séropositifs alors qu’ils avaient été déclarés négatifs au test. Pour le virus de l’hépatite C, ce sont 3 personnes pour 1 000 dons de sang.
Au niveau des principaux receveurs :la séroprévalence du VIH chez les femmes enceintes était de 4,1 %, mais elle était plus importante, 15,6%,chez les femmes enceintes qui avaient un antécédent de transfusion sanguine (OR =4,9 et p=0,02).La prévalence du VHB était de 5,9 % mais plus élevée chez la femme enceinte avec antécédent de transfusion (12,5%) et de tatouage (24,2%) et la prévalence du VHC était de 4,1% et plus élevée chez la femme avec antécédent de transfusion sanguine (12,5%).
Chez les enfants les résultats étaient les suivants :la prévalence du VHB observée dans notre étude était de 3,6%, mais cette prévalence était de 6,6% chez les enfants avec un antécédent de transfusion sanguine. Elle était de 5,7% chez les enfants dont la mère avait eu une transfusion sanguine lors de la grossesse. La prévalence du VHC était de 2,8%. Elle était plus élevée chez les enfants qui avaient un antécédent de transfusion (7,6%) et dont la mère avait un antécédent de transfusion sanguine (11,1%). La séroprévalence du VIH était de 3,7%. Une prévalence plus élevée du VIH était observée chez les enfants avec une histoire personnelle de transfusion sanguine (11,4%) et une histoire maternelle de transfusion (9,8%).
Conclusion
Les résultats de ce travail montrent que la sécurité transfusionnelle est précaire. Cette précarité se situe à plusieurs niveaux :au niveau des services ayant la transfusion en charge par suite d’insuffisance dans l’organisation et dans le financement. Ensuite au niveau des acteurs c.-à-d. la population générale et les institutions sanitaires, par l’insuffisance des notions de base de la sécurité transfusionnelle et de prévention des maladies virales transmissibles par le sang.
Les résultats de ce travail montrent que la séroprévalence des marqueurs du VIH, des hépatites B et C est importante et leur risque résiduel est considérable.
Il est utile de procéder au renforcement des capacités de tous les acteurs de la chaine transfusionnelle en appliquant certaines stratégies innovantes proposées dans ce travail (utilisation des sociologues, anthropologues dans les séances de sensibilisation de la population…), l’éducation de la population, des techniques éfficaces de dépistage afin d’espérer réduire le risque infectieux lié à la transfusion sanguine.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Patient, Romuald. "Obtention de particules sous-virales d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR3108.
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Eboumbou, Moukoko Else Carole. "Evaluation des effets de polymorphismes génétiques (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IFN-gamma R1) et de coinfections virales (VHB, VHC) sur la fibrose de symmers." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066106.
Full textHernández, Rodríguez Ines. "Estudi de les característiques clínic-biològiques de la limfocitosi B monoclonal, la freqüència i significat pronòstic de les alteracions citogenètiques associades i la seva relació amb la infecció pel virus de la hepatitis C." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/459074.
Full textIntroduction. MBL was proposed in 2005 as a pre-leukemic entity with defined criteria. In the hospital, it is frequent to diagnose the high-count type. A 26% of MBL incidence among HCV infected has been described. Data are missing about the relationship between MBL and viral genotype of HCV. Hypothesis: 1/ A valuable percentage of patients with B-LPD could be reclassified as MBL. 2/ Cytogenetic alterations related to MBL may have a prevalence and prognostic impact comparable to their equivalent B-LPD. 3 / A high viral load and 1b or 4 HCV genotypes may be predictive factors of the occurrence of MBL. Objectives: 1 / To analyse the clinical and biologic features of our MBLs between 1998 and 2011. Redefine the cases of B-LPD 2/ To analyse the cytogenetic alterations and their prognostic significance in the cases of MBL. 3 / To assess the incidence of MBL in patients with HCV infection, and to analyse the relationship between the virus and the genotype or viral load. Results. One-hundred twenty-nine out of 547 B-LPD were reclassified as MBL, with a median age of 73 years and a 54% of males. Proportions of CLL-like LPD, CD5 negative non CLL-like and CD5 positive non CLL-like were 80%, 18% and 2%, respectively. The majority had an interstitial bone marrow infiltration (41%). Only 10% of patients had a concomitant infection with HCV. Sixty-one (64%) of patients had a FISH alteration, predominantly chromosome 13 deletion (45,2%). Sixty-five patients (52%) fulfilled criteria of LPD progression, with 17 patients requiring treatment (7 out of them because of progression of CLL). The mean (SD) B-lymphocyte count at diagnosis of patients with LPD progression was 6.1x10^9/L. Thirty-three (26%) patients had another neoplasia in a 15-year period, mainly before the MBL diagnosis. An 11% had an autoimmune disease, either previously or after the MBL diagnosis. Only 1 out of 15 patients had an oligoclonal IgH peak. The 15-year free-treatment survival was 79% (CI95% 66-92), with a median of 23 years. The 15-year overall survival was 69% (CI95% 56-82), with a median of 16.3 years and a median follow-up of living patients of 6.7 years (0-15.9). No differences were found regarding the OS between groups of low-count and high-count of B lymphocytes. FTS was significantly different (7.4 versus 3.0 years) (p=0.014) between these groups. Only 13 (8.1%) out of 160 VHC patients developed MBL. One case had a translocated IGH gene by FISH. No association was found with viral load nor viral genotype. Conclusions. An important proportion of LPD with peripheral involvement was reclassified as MBL. A higher prevalence of another neoplasia was described. A high percentage of patients in this series evolved to LPD, but a small subset required specific treatment. Among patients with HCV infection, a lesser incidence of MBL than described was found.
Kania, Dramane. "Développement d’outils et de stratégies pour le diagnostic et le suivi biologique des infections VIH, VHB et VHC dans les pays à ressources limitées." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON1T017/document.
Full textDiagnosis and management of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections are a real challenge in middle and low-income countries. There is an urgent need for simple, reliable and inexpensive tools to control these infections in high prevalence sittings like Africa and Asia. The challenge is immense in clinical and public health policy hands. The main goal of this research work performed for our PhD is the development and validation of strategies and tools to diagnose and monitor HIV, HBV and HCV infections in resource-constrained countries. At a first step, we investigated the results of HIV discordant results, since it is important to establish the real HIV status of people tested with clear results for appropriate decision-making in biological and clinical practice. This work show that discordant results obtained in the algorithm of HIV screening among pregnant women in Burkina Faso, are false positive results in 94% of cases due to the Determine™ HIV-1/2 immunochromatographic test and false negative results in 4% of cases due to the Genie II ™ HIV-1 / HIV-2 test. In public health practice, women with this type of result can be considered as negative for HIV testing in centers where additional investigations are not possible, especially in countries like Burkina Faso with a low incidence and a low genetic diversity of HIV.In a second step, we focused our work on the feasibility of a screening strategy that detects HIV, HBV and HCV infections into a single card of DBS. In this pilot study, we demonstrated that DBS collected in parallel to HIV rapid testing in a voluntary counseling and testing center allows HIV confirmation using immunoblotting, and an additional testing by diagnosing HBV and HCV using ELISA followed by immunoblotting and PCR for HCV confirmation. This strategy can serve as a model to promote and scale-up the screening of HBV and HCV in resource-limited countries. DBS can be served as control and confirmation of HIV, HBV and HCV diagnosis. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of two 4th generation chemiluminescent immunoassays (Elecsys HIV Combi PT assay, Roche Diagnostics and Liaison XL Murex HIV Ab/Ag test, DiaSorin) tested on filter paper samples in comparison to rapid diagnostic test and fresh serum samples from patients with acute HIV infection. These studies have clearly shown that the two 4th generation tests performed on filter paper offer good performance in terms of sensitivity for the diagnosis of HIV infection in its early phases compared with rapid diagnostic tests. This approach may be used in combination with HIV rapid tests in hard-to-reach individuals and populations living in remote areas of when an early HIV infection is suspected since rapid tests do not offer appropriate performance in this case.Finally, we developed a real-time PCR for HBV DNA detection and quantification. In this study, we evaluated two in-house PCR targeting two different regions of HBV genome (X gene for qPCR 1 and S gene for qPCR 2) in comparison with a commercial Roche HBV DNA test (Cobas AmpliPrep / Cobas TaqMan HBV Test, version 2.0, Roche Diagnostics) as a gold standard. The qPCR 2 with a low detection limit of 91 IU/ml (vs 104 IU/ml for 1 qPCR) showed a better performance in HBV DNA quantification. This inexpensive qPCR with best performance characteristics is producing by a start-up called OMUNIS. This kit will be evaluated in France, in Africa and in South and East Asia in a research study funded by ANRS (France REcherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv Hépatites)
Delpuech, Eve-Oona. "Implication des virus des hépatites B et C dans l'immuno-pathogenèse et la carcinogenèse hépatique : étude in vitro de l'effet du virus de l'hépatite C sur la production d'une cytokine immunomodulatrice, l'interleukine-10 : analyse du profil d'expression génique sur macroarray de carcinomes hépatocellulaires liés aux virus des hépatites B et C." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066100.
Full textBooks on the topic "Hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC)"
Protocolo para estimar la mortalidad por cirrosis y por carcinoma hepatocelular atribuible a las hepatitis virales B y C. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275323762.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC)"
Dominguez, S. "Co-Infection par le VIH et les Virus des Hépatites B et C (VHB et VHC)." In VIH et sida, 118–28. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-70230-3.50010-8.
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