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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hepatitis B – Social aspects'
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黎程正家 and Cheng Cheng-gea Alice Lai. "Parenting and children's social competence in families with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Guangzhou: an ecologicalstudy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234227.
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Luo, Ying, and 羅英. "Hepatitis B virus: specific immune response after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3697724X.
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Lu, Lei, and 呂雷. "Effects of antiviral therapies on hepatitis B virus relicaptive intermediates in chronic hepatitis B." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182359.
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Yuen, Man-fung, and 袁孟峰. "Role of hepatitis B virus genotypes B and C on chronic liver disease in the Chinese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B33710089.
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Greenfield, C. "Epidemiological and molecular aspects of hepatitis B infection in Kenya." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371792.
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Ho, Ka-nung Stephen. "Assay for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum: recent advances in methodology and its clinical relevancein renal allograft recipients with HBV infection." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222602.
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Lo, Kin-hang Ken, and 盧建恆. "Relationship of serological markers, basic core promoter and precore mutations to genotypes of Hepatitis B virus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43781287.
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Shiau, Ai-Li. "Immunological aspects of hepatitis B virus core antigen and its derivatives." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14415.
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The use of core antigen (HBcAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to present peptide epitopes to the immune system has been shown to enhance immunogenicity of the peptide epitopes. HBcAg fused to the first 8 amino acid residues of β-galactosidase was exploited to serve as a carrier protein to present the epitopes from the S, preS_1 and preS_2 regions of HBV as its truncated C-terminus. The emergence of an HBV escape mutant carrying an amino acid substitution from glycine to arginine at amino acid residue 145 of the S domain suggests that it may be necessary to modify future HBV vaccines. The immunodominant region of HBAsAg carrying mutant sequence at amino acid residue 145 was also fused to HBcAg. These HBcAg fusion proteins were expressed in E.coli and produced in high yields, and assembled into core-like particles morphologically indistinguishable from HBcAg itself. The largest multiple fusion protein, containing a dimer of the HBs_(111-156) sequence as well as sequences from preS_1 and preS_2 regions carried a total of 165 amino acid residues attached to the C-terminus of truncated HBcAg, and could still be accommodated in core-like particles. The HBcAg fusion proteins displaced similar HBc antigenicity and immunogenicity to the full-length HBcAg. Immunisation of rabbits with the HBcAg fusion proteins elicited T-cell-proliferative responses to HBcAg, HBsAg and preS_1 peptides. The T-cell responses to HBcAg were much higher and more consistent than those to HBsAg or preS_1 peptide. The HBcAg fusion proteins induced antibodies against the corresponding peptides. The fusions carrying the immunodominant region of HBsAg, either wild-type or gly_145 mutant with arginine, glutamic acid or lysine substitution, showed HBs antigenicity in the immunoblot analysis and the antigen-capture sandwich radioimmunoassay, albeit at a lesser extent, using two antibodies with different specificity.
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Boner, Winifred. "HBV pre-C/C variation : geographical and functional aspects." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360172.
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Fung, Tak-kwan James, and 馮德焜. "Development of anti-HBs in patients with chronic hepatitis B after liver transplantation using lamivudine prophylaxis: the possible role of adoptive immunity transfer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980934.
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Li, Jian, and 李健. "Interleukin 17A and interleukin 23 in chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45875790.
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Wang, Yudong, and 汪玉東. "The role of regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis B virus infection." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43223990.
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Yuan, Hejun, and 袁和俊. "The role of precore and core promoter mutations in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31246278.
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Grove, Joseph. "The role of scavenger receptor B-I in hepatitis C virus attachment and entry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/347/.
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Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) poses a global health problem, leading to progressive disease often culminating in conditions such as hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV has a propensity to persist, with 70-80% of infected individuals failing to clear the virus. Recent evidence suggests that HCV entry is dependent on at least three cellular entry factors: CD81, Scavenger Receptor B-I (SR-BI) and Claudin-1. SR-BI is a receptor for high density lipoprotein (HDL), it is predominantly expressed in the liver and steroidogenic tissue. HCV is believed to interact with SR-BI via the viral envelope protein E2, interestingly the SR-BI ligand HDL enhances HCV infection. In this study we have investigated the interaction of HCV soluble glycoprotein with cell expressed SR-BI. We have shown that over expression of SR-BI in human hepatoma cells enhances HCV infection, indicating that SR-BI surface expression levels limit infection. Furthermore, anti-SR-BI serum inhibits HCV. We demonstrate that a cell culture adapted HCV mutant has a reduced dependency on SR-BI. This altered receptor dependency is accompanied by an increased sensitivity to neutralisation by soluble CD81 and enhanced binding of E2 to cell surface expressed CD81. The adapted variant also exhibits an altered relationship with lipoproteins and a heightened sensitivity to neutralising antibodies.
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Sum, Siu-man Simon, and 岑紹文. "The development and assessment of assays for quantitation of hepatitisB virus DNA (HBV DNA) and the clinical significance of low HBV DNAlevel in patients with chronic hepatitis B." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3013836X.
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Zeng, Yong, and 曾咏. "Mechanistic studies on the polymorphism at -77GT repeats regions of IFNAR1 and its correlation to the susceptibility to chronic HBVinfection." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43278644.
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Lin, Chung-hsi. "The politics of scientific practice in Taiwan : the hepatitis B control program /." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022007-144838/.
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Yeung, Pok, and 楊博. "Profile of pre-s deletions in the natural history of chronic hepatitisB and hepatocellular carcinoma." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44049559.
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Lai, Cheng Cheng-gea Alice. "Parenting and children's social competence in families with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Guangzhou : an ecological study /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14035510.
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Wright, Conschetta. "Determinants of Hepatitis B Vaccination among Adults in the United States: NHANES 1999-2006." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1732.
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Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of vaccination and HBV infection status of adults and to evaluate the trend in self reported vaccination and seroprevalence for Hepatitis B for this population. Additionally, this study sought to assess the association between vaccination rates, seroprevalence (HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs), demographic (age, gender, location of birth, race/ethnicity), and socioeconomic (annual household income, education level, insurance coverage and access to care, marital status) characteristics. Methods: Eight years, 1999-2006, of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data were used. NHANES participants aged 20-59 years who contributed data via the household interview and laboratory component were eligible for this study. Two sources of vaccination status were available. The vaccination status was identified through self-report. Those who answered yes to “less than three doses” and “at least three doses” were classified as vaccinated. Vaccination status was also verified through serologic markers. All analyses were weighted to consider the complex weighting scheme and adjusted to the 2000 US census population. Vaccination rates were calculated for both low and high risk populations. 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of each estimate were also calculated. The association between potential predictors of vaccination (demographic variables, socioeconomic status, high risk, and health care access and utilization variables) and vaccination status was assessed using bivariate analysis. We used logistic regression model to obtain odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for the association between predictor variables and vaccination status after adjusting for all potential confounding factors. Results: Vaccinated adults were more likely to be female, younger (20-29), Non-Hispanic white, married, born in the United States, have some education beyond high school, have a household income greater than $20000, health insurance coverage, a source of usual medical care, report a health status of good or higher, be non-smokers, and have no history of alcohol abuse. High risk adults comprised about 16% of adults who had received at least one dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine. Unvaccinated adults were more likely to be male, over the age of 40, Non-Hispanic white, born in the United States, married, have some education beyond high school, have a household income greater than $20,000, live in a household of 6 or fewer people, have health insurance coverage, and a source of usual care. When comparing the self reported vaccination status with serologic status, almost half of the adults who reported receiving all three doses of the vaccine tested negative for immunity. For all adults the prevalence increased from 23.4% to 39.1%. Compared to adults in 1999-2000, adults were twice as likely to report vaccination in 2005-2006 (OR=2.1 95% CI [1.77, 2.49]). Conclusions: Although, hepatitis B vaccination rates are rising, only 32% of high risk adults are vaccinated. The rise in vaccination rates in young adults is mostly related to childhood immunization strategies and not strategies aimed at adults. Older males, those with less than high school education, without health insurance coverage and a source of usual care were least likely to be vaccinated. More targeted interventions are needed to educate and vaccinate the adult population and to create a means for identifying those at risk and those already vaccinated.
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Fei, Guo-Zhong. "Chronic hepatitis B : immunological, virological and clinical aspects in the natural course and during the combined prednisolone and interferon-alpha-2b therapy /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3868-7/.
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Wakayama, Bruno. "Hepatite B e HIV/AIDS : a representação social das doenças e a análise da imunização contra o vírus da hepatite B entre os alunos de Odontologia /." Araçatuba, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144691.
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Orientador: Artênio José Isper GarbinBanca: Renato Moreira Arcieri
Banca: Paula Caetano Araújo
Resumo: A hepatite B e a AIDS são doenças virais de grandes destaques na saúde pública, devido seus elevados índices epidemiológicos, de morbidade e mortalidade. O estigma criado às doenças virais, principalmente pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB) e vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), repercute de forma negativa e impactante à vida da pessoa infectada, gerando atitudes discriminatórias e preconceituosas, principalmente no acesso aos serviços de saúde. Entre as duas doenças, a hepatite B é a única que tem a imunoprevenção, a qual é realizada através da vacinação. A imunização contra VHB é a principal forma de prevenção da doença, além de ser uma medida de autocuidado que deve ser preconizado no exercício da odontologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento e a existência da discriminação, através das atitudes dos graduandos em odontologia, frente à representação da Hepatite B e HIV/AIDS; e verificar a imunização dos graduandos, contra o vírus da hepatite B utilizando o teste imunocromatográfico, para o rastreamento de anticorpos anti-HBs. No primeiro capítulo, o universo amostral do estudo foi composto de todos os alunos de graduação regularmente matriculados (n=525). Foi criado um inquérito semiestruturado e autoaplicável, exclusivamente para este estudo, que versava sobre HIV/AIDS e Hepatite B. No segundo capítulo, foram convidados a participar da pesquisa, todos os alunos que desenvolviam atividades clínicas (n=263). Como instrumento de pesquisa, foi utilizado ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: To assess the knowledge, and the existence of discrimination by the attitudes of academic dentistry when facing HIV / AIDS and hepatitis B. Method ology: This is an exploratory cross - sectional study conducted in a public college of dentistry. The sample consisted of 462 (88%) academics who agreed to participate. In data collection, we used a semi - structured questionnaire, created exclusively for this study, addressing the theme HIV / AIDS and hepatitis B. In the data analysis, we used the chi - square test of proportions, in order to verify the associations between the study variabilities and the academic level. The significance level was 5% (0.050). Re sults: It was found that although 85.5% and 88.7% of the students affirm that they knew or have had some information about AIDS and hepatitis B, only 58.9% and 55.8% respectively, had some knowledge on etiological agents. The statistical differences found in relation to the knowledge of the disease and the success of the etiological agent of AIDS, was evident as in undergraduate students it's been noticed a relevant raise on statistical data but the knowledge of the etiology of hepatitis B was significant at the beginnin g of the course. On the attitudes of students in dental treatment of patients infected with HIV and HBV, 85.3% and 91.8% respectively they said that would accept performing it, however, a considerable part of the students believed that there are difference s in clinical procedures to be followed, with statistical values significant for those who attend the first year of graduation. When asked to participants if they would accept to be treated by a dental surgeon with AIDS or hepatitis B, only 31.4% and 38.7% would consent to do the treatment. Conclusion: We conclude that there are gaps in knowledge of students in relation to AIDS and Hepatitis B. The attitudes of students, compared ... (Complete abstract electronic access below)
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Tedgård, Ulf. "Prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia psychological, social and ethical aspects /." Malmö : Dept. of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Malmö, University of Lund, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/57455671.html.
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Pike, Jonathan E. "Marx, Aristotle and beyond : aspects of Aristotelianism in Marxist social ontology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3480/.
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Marx's debt to Aristotle has been noted, but inadequately. Usually commentators focus on the parallels between discrete ethical theories of both writers. However, for Marx, ethics is not a discrete field, but is founded on a conception of social ontology. This thesis links the two by showing that, precisely because of its Aristotelian roots, Marx's political economy of bourgeois society demands an ethical view arising from alienated labour. Marx conceives of bourgeois society as an organic whole. But this entails that is social matter can only exist potentially, and not fully setting up a tension that points to the eventual supercession of its social form. In this manner, Marx's Aristotelian hylomorphism provides the link between the early and the later Marx, between the critique of alienation and the mature works of political economy. This reading of Marx is facilitated by combining it with recent developments in philosophy. The works of Harré, Kripke and Wiggins, in particular have helped retrospectively to justify Marx's intuitive realism. Their contributions on explanation identity and sortals are applied in order to elucidate and justify his ontology. In the course of this, the problematic boundary between analytical philosophy and social theory is crossed. Marx restates ancient beliefs about the transitory nature of existence and the eternal nature of change. In particular, there are strong parallels between Marx's account of the decline and eventual fall of capitalism, and the Aristotelian message that all sublunary entities come to be and pass away. These parallels are sufficiently striking to allow us to recognise that Marx's account of the crisis ridden and ultimately doomed perspective for capitalism, overlooked by his protagonists, is but a variant of the Aristotelian theory of passing away or phthorá.
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Cheung, Chun Kidd. "Proportion of children born to infected mothers at risk of contracting Hepatitis B, and associated risk factors for inadequate Hepatitis B Timely Birth Dose vaccination : Analysis of the São Tomé and Príncipe Demographic Health Survey Program data, 2008-2009." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324169.
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Background The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a blood-borne infection affecting around 2 billion people at any given time and is commonly transmitted through Mother to Child Transmission (MTCT). Preventative measures include vaccinations, particularly the timely Birth Dose (TBD) given within 24 hours of birth. Timing is crucial for the efficacy of the TBD, and is influenced by various factors. São Tomé and Príncipe is one of seven sub-Saharan African countries with a TBD policy. This study aims to observe the different proportions of children receiving adequate or inadequate vaccinations against HBV, as well as to analyse the risk factors that may lead to inadequate vaccination. Methods Secondary data from the São Tomé and Príncipe Demographic Health Survey from 2008-2009 was analysed in this study. Dose delays for all children and those at risk were described. An associative analysis looked at the potential risk factors for inadequate TBD vaccination. Results A high coverage rate for vaccinations was found (>85%), however, the majority were delayed, with only 1% and 4% on time, and mean a TBD administration of 2(SD±2) months after birth, in all children, versus children at risk. Children born to mothers with positive HBV status and low wealth were significantly more likely to receive the TBD on time. Conclusion The majority of vaccinations, including the TBD were inadequately administered, denoting a concern of transmission to children born at risk. Additionally, socioeconomic factors were found to be factors influencing the provision of the TBD
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Silva, Ana Heloisa Veras Ayres. "Análise espacial dos casos das hepatites virais B e C no município de Foz do Iguaçu: análise das variáveis associadas." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3554.
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This study aimed to analyze the incidence of hepatitis B and C, according to spatial variation, in Foz do Iguaçu, between 2010 and 2015. It is an ecological, retrospective, cross-sectional study using spatial analysis techniques. Data from hepatitis B and C cases were obtained from the hepatitis clinic of Foz do Iguaçu and the population-based information from the IBGE. Spatial analysis was performed using the GeoDaTM 1.6.7 and QGIS 2.16 softwares. A positive spatial autocorrelation (I = 0.5953 and I = 0.4798; p <0.05) was found, indicating the presence of census tracts clusters in relation to the incidence rates for hepatitis B and C, respectively. A total of 525 cases of hepatitis B were reported, distributed equally among the sex and predominance of the age range of 35 to 49 years-old. Regarding the raw incidence rate, the average was 52.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and 50 High-High type census tracts were found, mainly in the eastern, northeastern and southern districts of the municipality. In relation to hepatitis C, 177 cases were reported, predominantly in men and in the age range of 50 to 64 years-old. Regarding the raw incidence rate the average was 18.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The High-High pattern was found in 35 census tracts, mainly in the East, West, Northeast and South districts. The socioeconomic indicators that were significantly and positively related to hepatitis B were: other types of housing, per capita income between 2 and more than 10 SM and undeclared income, garbage on land or with another destination, houses with 5 inhabitants, use of water from well or other sources and houses without a bathroom, indicating relation with socioeconomically more vulnerable populations. For hepatitis C, the relation with the socioeconomic pattern was different and there was a significant and positive association with: income of the person in charge of 3 to 15 SM and per capita income of 2 to 3 SM at 5 to 10 SM, water from well, other type of water and other garbage. Significant and negative association was obtained with the variables: householder with no declared income, householder income of up to ½ SM, ½ to 1 SM and 1 to 2 SM, per capita income of ½ to 1 SM and without declared income, water in a network, '3, 5, 8 and 10 residents' and collected garbage, indicating that a higher income and more diverse population is affected. For both infections, the level of literacy of the householders was not significant. Hepatitis B reached mainly the populations of census tracts with poorer socioeconomic patterns, which did not necessarily occur with hepatitis C. In conclusion, the city has high incidence rates of hepatitis B and C, its distributions presented spatial dependence determined by socioeconomic factors of the population. The research opens new possibilities for epidemiological research on viral hepatitis, allowing the reflection about the care, prevention and surveillance of viral hepatitis in the border region.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la incidencia de las hepatitis B y C, según variación espacial, en Foz do Iguaçu, entre 2010 y 2015. Es un estudio ecológico, retrospectivo, transversal, utilizando técnicas de análisis espacial. Los datos de los casos de hepatitis B y C fueron obtenidos en el ambulatorio de hepatitis de Foz do Iguaçu y las informaciones de base poblacional junto al IBGE. El análisis espacial se realizó utilizando los programas GeoDaTM 1.6.7 y QGIS 2.16. Se encontró una autocorrelación espacial positiva (I = 0,5953 e I = 0,4798, p <0,05), indicando la presencia de agrupaciones entre los sectores censales en relación a las tasas de incidencia por hepatitis B y C, respectivamente. Se notificaron 525 casos de hepatitis B, distribuidos equitativamente en cuanto al sexo y predominio del grupo de edad de 35 a 49 años. En cuanto a la tasa de incidencia bruta, la media fue de 52,1 casos por 100.000 habitantes, y se encontraron 50 sectores censales con padrón Alto-Alto, principalmente en los distritos Este, Nordeste y Sur del municipio. En relación a la hepatitis C, 177 casos fueron notificados, con predominio en hombres y grupo de edad de 50 a 64 años. En cuanto a la tasa de incidencia bruta, la media fue de 18,7 casos por 100.000 habitantes. El patrón Alto-Alto fue encontrado en 35 sectores censales, principalmente en los distritos Este, Oeste, Nordeste y Sur. Los indicadores socioeconómicos relacionados de forma significativa y positiva con la hepatitis B fueron: otros tipos de vivienda, renta del responsable entre hasta ½ y 2 salarios mínimos (SM), ingreso per cápita entre 2 y hasta más de 10 SM y renta no declarada, basura en terrenos o con otro destino, casas con 5 residentes, utilización de agua de pozo o de otras fuentes y casas sin baño, indicando relación con la población más vulnerable socioeconómicamente. Para la hepatitis C, la relación con el patrón socioeconómico se presentó diferentemente, donde hubo asociación significante y positiva con: rentas del responsable de 3 a 15 SM y ingreso per cápita de 2 a 3 SM a 5 a 10 SM, agua de pozo, agua otros y basura otros. La asociación significante y negativa fue obtenida con las variables: casa propia, sin renta declarada, renta del responsable hasta ½ SM, ½ a 1 SM y 1 a 2 SM, ingreso per cápita de ½ a 1 SM y sin renta declarada, agua en red, "3, 5, 8 y 10 residentes" y basura recogida, indicando que una población de mayor renta y más diversificada es afectada. Para ambas infecciones, el nivel de alfabetización del responsable no fue significativo. La hepatitis B alcanzó principalmente a las poblaciones de sectores censales con un patrón socioeconómico más pobre, lo que no ocurrió necesariamente con la hepatitis C. Se concluye que el municipio presenta altas tasas de incidencia de hepatitis B y C, que sus distribuciones presentaron dependencia espacial, determinado por factores socioeconómicos de la población. La investigación abre nuevas posibilidades de investigación epidemiológica sobre las hepatitis virales, permitiendo una reflexión acerca de la atención, prevención y vigilancia de las hepatitis virales en la región fronteriza.
Este estudo visou analisar a incidência das hepatites B e C, segundo variação espacial, em Foz do Iguaçu, entre 2010 e 2015. É um estudo ecológico, retrospectivo, transversal, utilizando técnicas de análise espacial. Os dados dos casos de hepatites B e C foram obtidos no ambulatório de hepatites de Foz do Iguaçu e as informações de base populacional junto ao IBGE. A análise espacial foi realizada utilizando-se os programas GeoDaTM 1.6.7 e QGIS 2.16. Uma autocorrelação espacial positiva (I = 0,5953 e I = 0,4798; p < 0,05) foi encontrada, indicando a presença de agrupamentos entre os setores censitários em relação às taxas de incidência por hepatite B e C, respectivamente. Foram notificados 525 casos de hepatite B, distribuídos equitativamente quanto ao sexo e predominância da faixa etária de 35 a 49 anos. Quanto à taxa de incidência bruta, a média foi de 52,1 casos por 100.000 habitantes, e foram encontrados 50 setores censitários com padrão Alto-Alto, principalmente nos distritos Leste, Nordeste e Sul do município. Em relação à hepatite C, 177 casos foram notificados, com predominância em homens e faixa etária de 50 a 64 anos. Quanto à taxa de incidência bruta a média foi 18,7 casos por 100.000 habitantes. O padrão Alto-Alto foi encontrado em 35 setores censitários principalmente nos distritos Leste, Oeste, Nordeste e Sul. Os indicadores socioeconômicos relacionados de forma significativa e positiva com a hepatite B foram: outros tipos de moradia, renda do responsável entre até ½ e 2 salários mínimos (SM), renda per capita entre 2 e até mais de 10 SM e renda não declarada, lixo em terrenos ou com outra destinação, casas com 5 moradores, utilização de água de poço ou de outras fontes e casas sem banheiro, indicando relação com população mais vulneráveis socioeconomicamente. Para a hepatite C, a relação com o padrão socioeconômico apresentou-se diferentemente, onde houve associação significante e positiva com: rendas do responsável de 3 a 15 SM e renda per capita de 2 a 3 SM a 5 a 10 SM, água de poço, água outros e lixo outros. Associação significante e negativa foi obtida com as variáveis: casa própria, sem renda declarada, renda do responsável até ½ SM, ½ a 1 SM e 1 a 2 SM, renda per capita de ½ a 1 SM e sem renda declarada, água em rede, ‘3, 5, 8 e 10 moradores’ e lixo coletado, indicando que uma população de maior renda e mais diversificada é afetada. Para ambas as infecções, o nível de alfabetização do responsável não foi significativo. A hepatite B atingiu principalmente as populações de setores censitários com padrão socioeconômico mais pobre, o que não ocorreu necessariamente com a hepatite C. Conclui-se que, o município apresenta altas taxas de incidência de hepatite B e C, que suas distribuições apresentaram dependência espacial, determinado por fatores socioeconômicos da população. A pesquisa abre novas possibilidades de investigação epidemiológica sobre as hepatites virais, permitindo uma reflexão a respeito da atenção, prevenção e vigilância das hepatites virais em região de fronteira.
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MATOS, Márcia Alves Dias de. "Estudo epidemiológico e molecular da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B em Afro-descendentes de comunidade isolada no Estado de Goiás (Kalungas)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1580.
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Previous issue date: 2007-12-18Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurs throughout the world. In Africa, this infection is highly endemic, with the majority of individuals becoming infected during childhood. Although Brazil has been globally considered a country of HBV intermediate endemicity, variable rates have been found in all five Brazilian regions and even inside the same region. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and molecular profile of the HBV infection among the Kalunga population in Goiás, Central Brazil, which is considered the largest Afro-Brazilian isolated community. A total of 878 individuals were interviewed about sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors and HBV vaccination. Blood samples were collected from all participants and serum samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs serological markers. HBsAg-positive samples were submitted to HBeAg and anti-HBe detection. HBsAg and anti-HBc positive samples were tested for HBV DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction and genotyping by subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and nucleotide sequencing of preS/S region. The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 35.4% (95% CI: 32.3-38.7). HBsAg carrier rate was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.1- 3.0). Multivariate analysis of risk factors showed that increased age, male gender, illiteracy and history of multiple sexual partners were associated with this infection. Isolated anti-HBs was found in 301 (34.3%) individuals who were immune for hepatitis B. HBV DNA was detected in 75% (12/16) of the HBsAg positive samples, in 100% (2/2) of the HBeAg and in 83.3% (10/12) of the anti-HBe positive samples. An occult HBV infection rate of 1.7% (5/295) was found among anti-HBc positive individuals. All genotyped isolates belonged to genotype A by RFLP analysis. Nucleotide sequencing of preS/S region confirmed the circulation of genotype A (subgenotype Aa) in this community. The epidemiological findings indicate that preventive measures, such as additional health education and HBV vaccination programs, are needed to control HBV infection in this population. In addition, the molecular results suggest the introduction of genotype A, subgenotype Aa in Brazil from Africa during the slave trade.
infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (HBV) apresenta distribuição mundial. Na África, é altamente endêmica, sendo a maioria dos indivíduos infectada durante a infância. Embora o Brasil seja considerado um país de endemicidade intermediária, taxas variadas de prevalência têm sido encontradas nas cinco regiões geográficas e mesmo dentro de uma mesma região. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o perfil epidemiológico e molecular da infecção pelo HBV na população Kalunga em Goiás, Brasil Central, que é considerada a maior comunidade afro-descendente isolada no Brasil. Um total de 878 indivíduos foi entrevistado sobre características sócio-demográficas, fatores de risco e vacinação contra hepatite B. Amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas de todos os participantes e os soros triados para detecção dos marcadores HBsAg, anti-HBc total e anti-HBs por ensaio imunoenzimático. As amostras HBsAg positivas foram submetidos à detecção dos marcadores HBeAg e anti-HBe. O DNA viral foi detectado nas amostras HBsAg e anti-HBc reagentes pela reação da polimerase em cadeia, sendo as amostras HBV DNA positivas genotipadas pela análise do polimorfismo de comprimento dos fragmentos de restrição (RFLP) e sequenciamento da região Pré-S/S. A prevalência global da infecção pelo HBV foi de 35,4% (IC 95% 32,3-38,7), sendo de 1,8% (IC 95% 1,1-3,0) para o HBsAg. A análise multivariada mostrou que aumento da idade, gênero masculino, analfabetismo e história de múltiplos parceiros sexuais foram fatores associados a esta infecção. Em 301 (34,3%) indivíduos, verificou-se positividade isolada ao marcador anti-HBs, sugerindo imunidade ao HBV. O HBV DNA foi detectado em 75% (12/16) das amostras HBsAg reagentes, em 100% (2/2) das HBeAg e 83,3% (10/12) das anti-HBe positivas. Um índice de 1,7% (5/295) para infecção oculta pelo HBV foi encontrado nos indivíduos anti-HBc reagentes. Todas as amostras genotipadas por RFLP foram do genótipo A. O sequenciamento da região Pré-S/S confirmou a circulação do genótipo A (subgenótipo Aa) nesta comunidade. Os achados epidemiológicos indicam que medidas preventivas, como programas de educação em saúde e de vacinação contra hepatite B, são necessárias para o controle da infecção pelo HBV nesta população. Além disso, os resultados moleculares sugerem que o genótipo A, subgenótipo Aa foi introduzido no Brasil durante o tráfico de escravos da África.
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Carneiro, Gleicy Gabriela Vitória Spínola. "Prevalência presumível, cobertura vacinal, conhecimentos e atitudes sobre a hepatite B em graduandos de odontologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia." Programa de Pós- Graduação em Odontologia da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10495.
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Este estudo exploratório analisou a prevalência presumível e cobertura vacinal relacionadas à hepatite B nos graduandos de Odontologia, da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), e seus conhecimentos e atitudes frente à doença. Um questionário foi aplicado a 489 estudantes do primeiro ao último período do curso. Utilizou-se a regressão logística não condicional para cálculo do odds ratio com um intervalo de confiança a 95% . A prevalência presumível de hepatite B foi baixa (0,44%), e quanto à cobertura vacinal, apesar dos estudantes demonstrarem conhecimento sobre a doença, o índice de vacinação não foi satisfatório - 48,25% dos graduandos não possuíam 3 doses de vacina. Além disso, a análise multivariada demonstrou que as variáveis: semestre (OR=3,52), estágio clínico (OR=3,87), acidentes por exposição ocupacional (OR=2,26) e respeito ao intervalo entre as doses vacinais (OR=8,58) foram consideradas fatores protetores para a amostra avaliada. A partir deste estudo, compreende-se que os esclarecimentos e campanhas passageiras de estímulo à vacinação não são suficientes para uma modificação eficiente do comportamento. Sugere-se aqui uma participação mais efetiva do corpo docente na formação dos acadêmicos de Odontologia, através do ensino teórico/prático das normas de controle e prevenção de infecção, e, da exigência prática dessas atitudes.
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Mouhieddine, Maria. "Aspects formels du dîwân de Jamîl Buṯayna." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682573.
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Notre objectif étant de procéder à une analyse des aspects formels du dîwân de Jamîl Buṯayna (poète arabe et héros de roman mort aux environs de 701) nous avons commencé par donner du texte une édition intégralement vocalisée et métriquement cohérente à partir de quatre éditions publiées antérieurement. A partir de cette édition, une analyse syllabique intégrale du diwân a été possible grâce au logiciel Xalîl élaboré par Djamel Eddine Kouloughli ainsi qu'un lexique fréquentiel. Dans le deuxième tome, nous avons procédé, à partir de l'analyse syllabique, à une analyse métrique. Le principal résultat de cette analyse a été la mise en évidence d'une systématisation du respect des zones de stabilité qui était sujettes à variation dans la poésie arabe ancienne. L'autre aspect de l'analyse a consisté dans l'extraction des formules du dîwân ; nous avons suivi pour cela une méthode originale que nous avons appelée : prospection guidée métriquement. Cette méthode a permis non seulement de détecter un grand nombre de formules en usage jusqu'au XIIIe siècle, date à laquelle nous avons arrêté l'analyse, mais elle a également mis en évidence l'existence de nombreux vers ou fragments de poèmes que l'on retrouve particulièrement dans les diwân de Jamîl Buṯayna, Majnûn Laylâ, Kuṯayyir Azza, Nuṣayb b. Rabâḥ et Qays b. Ḏariḥ qui constituent un fond commun sans doute à la portée de tous à l'époque et qu'il est donc vain de parler à ce propos de plagiat ou d'antériorité.
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Motyka, Susan. "Mediated communications and social order : an examination of John Thompson's Ideology and modern culture." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23231.
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The thesis examines John Thompson's Ideology and Modern Culture as an important contribution to the ongoing dialogue over models of the relationship between mediated communications and social order. The thesis argues that Thompson's contribution to communication theory lies in his development of one of the first successful attempts to integrate the strong orientation to meaning provided by interpretative theories into a comprehensive framework linking the situated interpretations of mediated communications to the idiosyncrasies of social ordering. Building on an evaluation of Ideology and Modern Culture's conceptual design, including its re-working of antecedents within communication, social and political theories, the thesis situates Thompson's project within the context of a post-interpretative turn concerned with the relevance and consequences of interpretation. In commenting on some initial limitations and weaknesses in this developing perspective, the thesis critically examines the dangers of over-emphasizing the significance of the interpretation of mediated meanings for the development of forms of action and for the construction of consequences.
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Heins, Matthew William. "The urban experience at Hartsfield Airport." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23991.
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Barreira, Rafaella Bordin. "Possibilidades da educação como elemento central para o planejamento da cultura na obra de B. F. Skinner." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21095.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Throughout his work, B. F. Skinner has indicated that cultural selection fails in allowing for the preservation and transmission of cultural practices without survival value, and in not selecting practices with survival value. Because of this, the author defends a cultural planning based on scientific knowledge and guided by the survival of cultures, his fundamental value. This study investigated the theoretical-conceptual relationships between education and the survival of cultures within the work of B. F. Skinner. Keywords wsere applied to titles, original publishing sources, republishing sources, summaries and indexes of the author's entire body of work, and exclusion criteria were employed to select the materials that addressed education as an object of cultural planning. The analysis of the selected material revealed a proposal of educational planning, not just as part of the cultural planning, but as an enabler of for it. Education is understood as the preparation of individuals for the future, as well as transmission of culture, and Skinner presents a technology of teaching composed by the revision of the school curriculum and teaching methods. Though it strengthens the culture, his technology does not replace other educational practices, which are maintained despite threatening the survival of cultures, due to the contingencies of reinforcement involved
Ao longo de sua obra, B. F. Skinner indicou que a seleção cultural falha ao possibilitar a manutenção e transmissão de práticas culturais sem valor de sobrevivência e ao não selecionar práticas com valor de sobrevivência. Em função disso, o autor defende um planejamento cultural pautado em conhecimento científico e norteado pela sobrevivência das culturas, seu valor fundamental. O presente trabalho visou investigar as relações teórico-conceituais contidas na obra de B. F. Skinner entre a educação e a sobrevivência das culturas. Foram empregadas palavras-chave em títulos, fontes de publicação original, fontes de republicação, sumários e índices remissivos de toda a obra do autor, e foram aplicados critérios de exclusão a fim de selecionar materiais que abordassem a educação enquanto objeto do planejamento cultural. A análise do material selecionado revelou uma proposta de planejamento educacional não apenas como parte do planejamento cultural, mas como viabilizador do planejamento cultural. A educação é compreendida como preparo dos indivíduos para o futuro e como transmissão da cultura e Skinner apresenta uma tecnologia do ensino composta pela revisão do currículo escolar e dos métodos de ensino. Apesar de fortalecer a cultura, sua tecnologia não substituiu outras práticas educacionais, que são mantidas a despeito de ameaçarem a sobrevivência das culturas, em função das contingências de reforçamento que envolvem
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Périco, Lisiane Andreia Devinar. "Análise da associação entre a cobertura da vacina contra hepatite B em crianças aos 18 meses de idade e os tipos de serviços de saúde em Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/117138.
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As hepatites virais são grave problema no Brasil e a vacina é eficaz para a sua prevenção. O Inquérito de Cobertura Vacinal nas Áreas Urbanas das Capitais dos Estados do Brasil (2007) identificou em Porto Alegre cobertura vacinal contra hepatite B de 87,4 %, abaixo da recomendação. A vacinação na cidade está inserida em serviços com diferentes vínculos institucionais. Este estudo ecológico, subanálise do Inquérito de Cobertura Vacinal nas Áreas Urbanas das Capitais dos Estados do Brasil, objetiva analisar a distribuição espacial das coberturas da vacina contra hepatite B, sua associação com diferentes tipos e utilização de serviços de saúde em Porto Alegre. A cobertura vacinal não obteve diferenças significativas entre os diferentes estratos sociais; a utilização de um mesmo serviço para vacinação, realização das últimas vacinas em serviço público, utilização de serviço privado e utilização exclusiva de serviços privados para vacinação obtiveram diferenças significativas entre os diferentes estratos sociais.Viral hepatitis is a major concern in Brazil and its vaccine is effective in its prevention. The Survey of Vaccine Coverage in the Urban Areas of the State Capitals of Brazil (2007) identified that in Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, the hepatitis B vaccine coverage was 87.4% lower than the recommended values. In this city, vaccination is part of services with different institutional links. The present ecological study, a subanalysis of the Survey of Vaccine Coverage in the Urban Areas of the State Capitals of Brazil, has the objective to analyze the spatial distribution of hepatitis B vaccine coverage; its relationship to different types of healthcare services and the use of healthcare services in Porto Alegre. The vaccine coverage did not differ significantly between the different social strata. The use of the same vaccination service, the performance of the last vaccines in public service, the use of private service and the exclusive use of private services for vaccination significantly differed among the different social strata.
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Reimers, Mia. "The glamour and the horror a social history of wartime, northwestern British Columbia, 1939-1945 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0029/MQ62493.pdf.
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Kenene, Antoinette Nomvuselelo. "Ukuhlalutywa ngesiXhosa kwamabali esiXhosa angeenkokheli zoluntu, afumaneka kwimagazini iBona kusetyenziswa uhlobo oluyijenri." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50538.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.This study concerns the genre analysis of five texts (articles) in isiXhosa from Bona Magazine using genre theoretic approach.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study concerns the genre analysis of five texts (articles) in isiXhosa from Bona Magazine using genre theoretic approach. They all analyse genre of social community leaders using the theory of Grabe & Kaplan. (1996) All five articles re attached as appendices at the end of this assignment. The chapters 2 and 3 present an overview of different views expressed by different linguistics and researchers in relation to the genre theoretic approach and how these theories are applied in analyses. The views of Bhatia (1993) are also used in that he promotes the use of language in text when people communicate either in written or verbal format. Bhatia emphasizes the use of text linguistic properties and insights in the culture of participants to ensure that communication purpose is reached. Among other things, he invokes text structure, lexical choices, cohesion and coherence of text, content and theme are analyzed. This study investigates the social cognitive and linguistic choices and how they influence writing and reading. The purpose and meaning of the text is depicted as very important in the analysis of written text. (Bhatia; 1993) The first part of chapter 4 deals with the theory of Grabe & Kaplan (1996), which emphasizes the use of ethnography of writing. The ethnography of writing according to Grabe & Kaplan (1996) entails the answers to the following basic questions: Who is writing? To whom? For what purpose? Why? When? And how? The answers to these questions are to be formed in the analysis of the articles on Grabe & Kaplan's views on the relationship between ethnography of writing and lexicon of writing skills are also analyzed. The study also includes Halliday's (1984) views. Educating children in their home language environment makes them to learn better as they write in their own language and about the things they know. Lastly there is a short discussion about the relationship between the new genre approach and Outcomes-Based Education. (OBE) The similarities they share in connection with aims, goals and purposes as language teaching approached are touched upon.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie hou verband met die genre analise van vyf tekste (artikels) in Xhosa uit die Bona tydskrif. Die analises handel oor die genre van sosiale gemeenskapsleiers binne die raamwerk van Grabe en Kaplan (1996). AI vyf die artikels is in In Appendix aangeheg aan die einde van hierdie werkstuk. Hoofstukke 2 en 3 bied In oorsig aan van verskillende sieninge van linguiste t.o.v. die genre-teoretiese benadering en die aanwending van die teoretiese uitgangspunte in analises van tekste. Die sieninge van Bhatia (1993) word ook ingespan m.b.t. die kommunikasie tussen mense. Bhatia wend tekslinguistiese eienskappe aan asook sosiale en kulturele insigte in die ondersoek van hoe kommunikatiewe doelstelling bereik word. Hy gebruik o.a. tekslinguistiese kenmerke, leksikale keuses, kohesie en koherensie, en tematiese realiserings in die teks. Die doelstelling van die teks is uiters belangrik volgens die betekenis wat Bhatia in die teks ondersoek. Die eerste gedeelte van hoofstuk 4 handel oor Grabe en Kaplan (1996) se model van tekskonstruksie en die etnografie van skryf. Die onderrig van leerders is beter as hulle in hulle huistaal skryf en leer. Die studie beskou die onderliggende uitgangspunte van Kurrikulum 2005 m.b.t. die genre benadering tot die onderrig van Xhosa
ISICATSHULWA Olu fundo luphanda ngohlalutyo ngohlobo Iwejenri kumabali esiXhosa afumaneka kwimagazini iBona kusetyenziswa ulwimi IwesiXhosa. La ngamabali amahlanu angeenkokheli zoluntu, nazakuhlalutywa ngokweembono zikaGrabe noKaplan (1996). Kuqalwe ngokushwankathela iinkcazo zohlobo Iwejenri, neembono zabaphononongi neengcali ezahlukeneyo malunga nolu hlobo lutsha lokuhlalutya. Kucaciswa imbono kaBhatia (1993) mlunga nokuphononongwa kwendlela yokusetyenziswa kolwimi xa kunxityelelwana, kwiitekisi ezithethwayo nezibhaliweyo. Oku kucaciswa ngokupheleleyo xa kuhlalutywa la mabali mahlanu angenkokheli zolunu. Phakathi kwezinto ezijongwayo xa kuhlalutywa nobhalo Iwamabali; lulwakhiwo Iweetekisi, ngumxholo, lukhetho Iwamagama, lunamathelwano nonxulumano. Kwakhona indlela umbhali ayiphuhlisa ngayo intsingiselo yetekisi yakhe ukuze injongo yakhe izaliseke. Indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo iimpawu eziziparametha eziyimbono ka Grabe noKaplan (1996) xa kuhlalutywa la mabali angenkokheli zoluntu. Xa kuthethwa ngezi mpawu, kuxelwa ukuphendulwa kwemibuzo yobhalo ethi; ngubani umbhali? Ubhala ntoni? Ubhalela bani? Yintoni injongo yakhe? Kutheni ebhala nje? Ezi mpawu azaneli knceda umbhali ukuba abhale kakuhle koko zinceda nomfundi ukuba ahlalutye kakhuhle okubhaliweyo. Kwakhona imbono kaHaliday ethi xa kusetyenziswa ulwimi makusetyenziswe izinto nemizekelo engentlalo nenkcubeko yabantu. Lilonke yena ugxininisa ukufakwa kwenkcubeko kwimfundo yabantwana. Uyixhasa lembono yakhe ngokuthi abafundi baqonda lula xa befunda ngolwimi Iwabo nange nkcubeko yabo nangezinto ezibangqongileyo. Le mbono iyahambelana nokufundisa ngohlobo Iwejenri yona imkhululayo umntwana ukuba azifundele ngokwengqondo angadityaniswa nomnye. Kwakhona kolu fundo kuthelekiswe uhlobo Iwejenri nohlobo olusetyenziswayo kwizikolo zethu olujonge iziphumo uhlobo Iwe O. B. E. Kujongwa nendlela ezinxulumene ngayo, ngenxa yokufana kweenjongo zazo kwaneziphumo kubantwana abafundiswayo kusetyenziswa zona.
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Bergqvist, Malin. "Designing for Empathy in Elderly Care : Exploration of Opportunities to Deliver Behaviour Change Interventions through mHealth Applications, to Promote Empathic Behaviour in Elderly Home Care Nursing Assistants." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157588.
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Background The Swedish population is ageing quickly and the system for elderly home care is under increasing pressure. Staff turnover is high, nursing assistants are reporting stress, and employers have to recruit staff lacking sufficient experience. These factors are barriers to empathic care, considered essential to patient health outcomes. Elderly care should rely on cognitive empathy, be other-oriented and improve the client’s situation based on contextual understanding. There is a need for education and support for nursing assistants, so that they can provide empathic care. Purpose The thesis explores empathy as a skill in elderly home care to identify opportunities of promoting empathy in the client-nursing assistant interaction, by means of behaviour change interventions delivered through an mHealth application that nursing assistants already use at work. Method A group interview was conducted with six nursing assistants from four elderly home care organisations in a Swedish municipality, to learn about their experience of empathy at work, and factors affecting their ability to give empathic care. The respondents were using the same mHealth application to get and provide information about client visits. The Behaviour Change Wheel framework was used to analyze behavioural drivers of empathic care in elderly home care. Results Influences on empathic behaviour was identified in all 14 domains in the Theoretical Domains Framework. 13 target behaviours, 7 Intervention Functions and 45 Behaviour Change Techniques were suggested as suitable candidates to investigate for intervention development. Conclusion Empathy seems possible to promote through resource-efficient digital behaviour change interventions. Future studies may use this work as a starting point for development of interventions to promote empathic behaviour in elderly care.
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Diagre, Denis. "Le jardin botanique de Bruxelles (1826-1912): miroir d'une jeune nation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210873.
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""去污名化"的政治: 中国乙肝携带者与公民社会组织的反歧视抗争." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549711.
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近年来，针对就业和就学中遭遇歧视的困境，中国乙肝携带者发起一场要求消除歧视、维护合法权益的抗争运动。为什么乙肝携带者就业歧视问题在中国如此显著？面对国家和市场这两大最具权势的系统，公民社会将何以对抗？本文旨在从社会学的视角对这场“将‘乙肝’去除"的运动进行解读。本文采用个案研究方法，以北京益仁平中心为主要研究对象，围绕 “乙肝"在中国的建构和重构过程，将研究聚焦于三个方面：第一，乙肝污名化过程以及国家、市场中的话语权；第二，反乙肝歧视维权运动的条件和动员机制；第三，“将‘乙肝’去除"中的政治和权力话语三角。
本文从社会运动理论中的资源动员、政治机会结构和框架理论出发解读中国乙肝携带者的维权运动；将运动中的微观景象与宏观社会结构结合起来，考察影响乙肝携带者维权运动的主要因素以及运动的动员机制。研究伊始分别从国家和市场两个领域审视乙肝歧视问题在中国的建构过程，阐明乙肝污名化是政府权威以及市场中医药商和医学权威共谋下的合力作用，从而为乙肝携带者反歧视抗争运动的后续研究选择一个合适的立足点。笔者在案例中发现，组织在维权运动中将乙肝携带者群体动员起来，采取有效的策略，充分利用其在资源获得方面的优势、建立乙肝维权组织网络、善于把握时机营造政治机会空间、并能够吸纳律师和媒体的专业力量是维权行动能取得成功的重要因素。
组织在维权行动中的话语框架对运动的发展至关重要。乙肝携带者群体对组织运动框架的认同是动员成功的基础；掌握定义“乙肝"的主动权、运动领袖的可信性、框架话语表达的日常化、与媒体的良好关系等策略有助于框架在动员中与参与者、旁观者产生共鸣；抗争精英通过话语框架为抗争活动提供合法性。
反乙肝歧视维权运动可以看作是一个“将‘乙肝’去除"的“去污名化"运动。一方面，中央政府与地方政府有着各自自主性利益；另一方面，乙肝携带者群体内部就抗争形式也难以统一，这两种分裂情况交叉形成了一个围绕“将‘乙肝’去除"的，以规则、效益和权利为话语的权力三角，支撑反歧视行动的抗争空间。权力三角的多变性决定去除“乙肝"的行动是有策略的、冒险的，但却相对稳定。
Hepatitis B Virus carriers (HBVers) have launched series social movements targeting at eliminating discriminations against HBVers in job market and promoting fair employment in recent decade of years. Why does nowhere match the HBV discrimination in such country like China? How is contentious politics possible when the powerless engage in struggles with power holders, like state and market in China? The thesis attempts to learn the intricacies of body politics with sociological approaches.
Yirenping, a NGO located in Beijing, is selected as research object in this case study. Concentrating on the political nature of the HBV confrontations, this thesis is comprised of three parts: first, the stigmatization of HBV in China; second, tactics and strategies that employed against the system of discrimination; third, the politics of “Removing HBV" and the power triangle among state, market and civil society.
The analysis of the HBV movement is informed by three sociological theories of social movements: resource mobilization, political opportunity structure and framing, meanwhile macro structure and micro interaction are combined. It is postulated that this disease discrimination in China occurs when confronting an entrenched stigmatization conjoined from both state and market dedicated to keeping the HBVers excluded and marginalized, which serves as a departure point for further analysis of the struggles for power against this discrimination. Resources mobilized, leaderships and organizations, networks among HBVers and outside supporters, strategies in mobilization positively facilitate the anti-discrimination movements. Utilizing the institutional advocacies as well as informal networks with officials, NPC & CPCCC delegates open more political opportunities within the preexisting political environment.
Framing is essential to the movement mobilization. Identifying closely with the visions and missions in movements, the self conceptualization of HBV-discrimination, charismatic leaders, the everyday narrative of the frame, as well as strategic media coverage help promoting resonance among movement participants and standers-by. Framing strategies provide legitimacy for HBV selves in collective movements.
Finally, the thesis came to the conclusion that anti-discrimination-against-HBVers social movements in China can be interpreted as a process of struggle to “Removing HBV" power. Central government and local ones have their autonomies and interests respectively, while weak but observed divisions in protesting strategies also exist within the HBVers, which shape a triangle of power struggles among the dominant and dominated groups. The power triangle is flexible, and the “Removing HBV" movements are strategic, risk-taking, while being routinized.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
郭娜.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-156)
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Guo Nuo.
中文摘要 --- p.i
英文摘要 --- p.ii
引言 --- p.1
Chapter 第一章 --- 导论 乙肝：作为医学问题和作为社会问题 --- p.3
Chapter 1.1 --- 作为医学问题的乙型肝炎及其全球地理分布 --- p.3
Chapter 1.2 --- 乙型肝炎在中国 --- p.6
Chapter 1.3 --- 作为社会问题的乙肝歧视 --- p.8
Chapter 1.4 --- 研究方法 --- p.10
Chapter 1.5 --- 小结 --- p.14
Chapter 第二章 --- 研究问题与文献回顾 --- p.15
Chapter 2.1 --- 社会运动理论的发展脉络 --- p.16
Chapter 2.2 --- 认同与社会运动的动员 --- p.21
Chapter 2.3 --- 中国底层社会与维权抗争研究回顾 --- p.24
Chapter 2.4 --- 中国反乙肝歧视运动的分析框架 --- p.26
Chapter 2.5 --- 小结 --- p.34
Chapter 第三章 --- 政府与入职体检 --- p.35
Chapter 3.1 --- 新中国成立之初的公共卫生政策 --- p.35
Chapter 3.2 --- 中国人事制度改革和公务员职业声望 --- p.39
Chapter 3.3 --- 体检标准与强制乙肝检测 --- p.43
Chapter 3.4 --- 小结 --- p.47
Chapter 第四章 --- 市场话语权与定义“乙肝" --- p.49
Chapter 4.1 --- 市场中的虚假广告 --- p.50
Chapter 4.2 --- 体检经济 --- p.54
Chapter 4.3 --- 医药商与医学权威 --- p.56
Chapter 4.4 --- 小结 --- p.58
Chapter 第五章 --- 乙肝携带者的个人经验 --- p.61
Chapter 5.1 --- 疾病的社会建构 --- p.62
Chapter 5.2 --- 乙肝携带者的认知过程 --- p.66
Chapter 5.3 --- 乙肝携带者的抗争选择 --- p.68
Chapter 5.4 --- 小结 --- p.74
Chapter 第六章 --- 从个体经验到集体行动：公民社会的回应 --- p.76
Chapter 6.1 --- 从个人困境到集体行动 --- p.76
Chapter 6.2 --- 反乙肝歧视运动中的资源动员 --- p.80
Chapter 6.3 --- 反乙肝歧视组织网络 --- p.82
Chapter 6.4 --- 反乙肝歧视运动中的机会空间 --- p.86
Chapter 6.5 --- 小结 --- p.90
Chapter 第七章 --- 框架策略：反乙肝歧视运动中的动员 --- p.91
Chapter 7.1 --- 认同与社会运动 --- p.91
Chapter 7.2 --- 反乙肝歧视运动的行动框架 --- p.95
Chapter 7.3 --- 反乙肝歧视运动的动员策略 --- p.100
Chapter 7.4 --- 小结 --- p.107
Chapter 第八章 --- 身体的政治：将“乙肝"去除 --- p.108
Chapter 8.1 --- 权力的维度 --- p.108
Chapter 8.2 --- 反乙肝歧视行动的抗争轨迹 --- p.111
Chapter 8.3 --- 国家、市场与公民社会：将“乙肝"去除 --- p.116
Chapter 8.4 --- 小结 --- p.130
Chapter 第九章 --- 总结与讨论 --- p.131
参考文献 --- p.137
Chapter 附录A --- 访谈提纲 --- p.157
Chapter 附录B --- 64名被访者基本信息概况 --- p.160
致谢 --- p.162
39
"Virological characteristics of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection in China." 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896719.
Full textAbstract:
Zhu, Lin.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-118).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Contents --- p.I
List of Abbreviations --- p.IV
List of Tables and Figures --- p.V
Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Viral Hepatitis --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Global Epidemiology of HBV --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Modes of Transmission --- p.4
Chapter 1.4 --- Diagnostic Tests --- p.5
Chapter 1.4.1 --- HBeAg and Anti-HBe --- p.7
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Serum Enzymes --- p.8
Chapter 1.4.3 --- HBV DNA Assays --- p.9
Chapter 1.4.3.1 --- HBV DNA Assays --- p.9
Chapter 1.4.3.2 --- Clinical Applications of DNA Assays --- p.10
Chapter 1.4.4 --- Histology --- p.13
Chapter 1.5 --- Natural Course of Chronic Hepatitis infection --- p.18
Chapter 1.5.1 --- Phases of chronic hepatitis B --- p.18
Chapter 1.5.2 --- HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B --- p.21
Chapter 1.6 --- Molecular biology of HBV --- p.23
Chapter 1.6.1 --- Overview --- p.23
Chapter 1.6.2 --- Genomic structure and organization --- p.24
Chapter 1.6.2.1 --- Surface ORF --- p.24
Chapter 1.6.2.2 --- Precore/Core ORF --- p.25
Chapter 1.6.2.3 --- Polymerase ORF --- p.25
Chapter 1.6.2.4 --- X ORF --- p.26
Chapter 1.7 --- Genetic Variation of HBV --- p.31
Chapter 1.7.1 --- HBV genotypes --- p.31
Chapter 1.7.2 --- Predominant genotypes and their subgroups in Asia --- p.33
Chapter 1.7.3 --- HBV mutations --- p.36
Chapter 1.7.3.1 --- Precore mutations --- p.37
Chapter 1.7.3.2 --- Core promoter mutations --- p.38
Chapter 1.7.3.3 --- Other Mutations associated with clinical outcome --- p.40
Chapter Chapter Two: --- Methodology --- p.44
Chapter 2.1 --- Aims and Hypothesis --- p.45
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Aims --- p.46
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Hypothesis --- p.47
Chapter 2.2 --- Patient Recruitment --- p.48
Chapter 2.3 --- Laboratory Assays --- p.49
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Preparation of serum HBV DNA --- p.49
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Quantification of serum HBV DNA --- p.51
Chapter 2.4 --- Full-genome Amplification of HBV DNA --- p.53
Chapter 2.5 --- Full-genome Sequencing of HBV DNA --- p.55
Chapter 2.6 --- Assembly of HBV Full-genome Sequence --- p.58
Chapter 2.7 --- Phylogenetic Analysis --- p.59
Chapter 2.7.1 --- Construction of phylogenetic tree --- p.59
Chapter 2.7.2 --- Genotype and subgenotype determination --- p.60
Chapter 2.8 --- HBV Mutations --- p.62
Chapter 2.9 --- Info-gain program --- p.64
Chapter 2.10 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.65
Chapter Chapter Three: --- Results --- p.67
Chapter 3.1 --- Patient Information --- p.68
Chapter 3.2 --- Phylogenetic Analysis --- p.69
Chapter 3.3 --- HBV genotypes/subgenotypes --- p.76
Chapter 3.4 --- “Hot-spo´tح HBV Mutants --- p.79
Chapter 3.5 --- HBV Mutation Associated with Liver Fibrosis --- p.82
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Mutant selection --- p.82
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Clinical significance of novel mutants --- p.84
Chapter Chapter Four: --- Discussion --- p.88
Chapter 4.1 --- Full-genome Sequencing Strategy --- p.89
Chapter 4.2 --- HBV genotypes/subgenotypes Distribution and Disease Activity --- p.90
Chapter 4.2.1 --- HBV genotypes/subgenotypes distribution --- p.90
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Clinical significance of genotypes/subgenotypes --- p.91
Chapter 4.3 --- HBV Hotspot Mutants and Disease Activity --- p.93
Chapter 4.4 --- HBV Novel Mutants --- p.96
Chapter 4.5 --- Limitation of the Study and Future Work --- p.97
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Limitation --- p.97
Chapter 4.5.2 --- Future Direction --- p.98
Chapter Chapter Five: --- Conclusions --- p.99
References --- p.102
40
Miller, Darren Scott. "Development of novel vaccine strategies for duck Hepatitis B virus infection." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/57512.
Full textAbstract:
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a life-threatening pathogen with major economic significance. Acute infection in adults is common, albeit usually self-limiting. Importantly, infection in infants typically results in chronic infection and increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Furthermore, the infectious carrier state is perpetuated in chronically infected individuals. Successful immuno-therapeutic vaccination would reduce the incidence of chronic infection and of HCC as well as reduce transmission of the disease. Recovery from acute and chronic HBV infection typically occurs in the presence of robust antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses (CMI), whereas these responses are low or absent in chronically HBV-infected individuals. Therefore, it was hypothesised that effective stimulation of both humoral and CMI responses, in conjunction with currently available antiviral therapies, may contribute significantly to development of vaccines for treatment of chronic HBV infection. The duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) model of HBV infection was used to test novel vaccine strategies that could complement existing antiviral therapeutic approaches to treat chronically HBV-infected humans. To this end, three separate vaccine studies were conducted to investigate potential therapeutic regimes. Methods to assess the efficacies of the vaccine strategies included immunoperoxidase detection of viral antigen and immune cell markers within the liver and development of sensitive assays to monitor levels of DHBV DNA, duck hepatitis B virus surface antigen (DHBsAg), antibodies to duck hepatitis B core (anti-DHBc) and surface antigens (anti-DHBs) in serum were developed and validated which allowed monitoring of the kinetics of the humoral immune response following vaccination and the course and outcome of experimental DHBV infection. The first vaccine study tested the protective efficacy of DNA vaccines encoding either the small form of DHBsAg (DHBs) protein or the larger antigen (DHBpre-S/S), These were administered to ducks at day 4 and 14 of age. On the same day as the second vaccination, ducks were challenged intravenously with DHBV. Immunoperoxidase staining of biopsy tissue collected at day 4 p.i. showed significant decreases in the number of DHBV infected hepatocytes in ducks receiving the DNA vaccines compared to the mock-vaccinated control ducks. Significant protection against development of chronic DHBV infection was observed in ducks vaccinated with DNA vaccines expressing either pre-S/S or S protein. Although anti-DHBs antibodies were not detected prior to DHBV challenge, the decrease in the percentages of DHBV-infected hepatocytes at day 4 p.i is suggestive that neutralisation of the inoculum by low-level anti-DHBs antibodies in cohort with CMI responses induced by vaccination were the most probable mechanisms of action. The second vaccine study examined the protective efficacy of a novel whole-cell vaccine that expressed the DHBV core antigen (DHBcAg). Ducks were vaccinated on day 4 and 14 of age and DHBV challenge was administered 4 days later. Detectable anti-DHBc antibodies were generated as soon as 4 days after the initial vaccination suggesting that this regimen elicited increased immunogenicity than vaccination with DNA vaccines alone. In contrast to the first vaccine study with DNA vaccines expressing DHBsAg, no significant differences in the percentage of DHBV-infected hepatocytes were observed in biopsy tissue collected at day 4 p.i.This finding is confirmation that anti-DHBc antibodies were not neutralising to the initial DHBV inoculum. However, significant protection against development of chronic DHBV infection was observed in the whole-cell vaccinated ducks suggesting that the mechanism of protection was consistent immune-mediated killing of DHBV-infected hepatocytes following CMI responses to determinants of DHBcAg. The final vaccine study involved a combination strategy of antiviral drug Entecavir (ETV) and prime-boost vaccination with DNA vaccines and recombinant fowlpoxvirus (rFPV) expressing DHBV antigens. Immediately following DHBV infection, ducks were dosed by oral gavage with the antiviral drug Entecavir (ETV) and at the same time received the priming DNA vaccines encoding DHBV antigens. Seven days later the boosting vaccination consisting of recombinant fowlpox viruses (rFPV) also expressing DHBV antigens was administered. Extraordinary protection was observed, with 100% of ducks given combination therapy rapidly resolved their DHBV infection while 100% of non-treated ducks developed chronic infection. It was concluded that protection resulted from a combination of at least three factors. First, reduction and control of DHBV levels with the aid of ETV; secondly, stimulation of surface antigen-specific humoral immune responses resulting in neutralisation of newly produced virions; and finally, the combined up-regulation of CMI responses against DHBV core and surface antigens, resulting in elimination of infected hepatocytes. The four manuscripts that comprise this thesis provide insights into the viral kinetics and immune responses that follow DHBV infection and/or vaccination of ducks. The results provide new directions for future vaccine studies aimed at developing effective treatments for chronic HBV infection.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2008
41
"The functional study of HCC-associated mutations on hepatitis B virus." Thesis, 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075036.
Full textAbstract:
A case-control study was previously carried out to identify HCC-associated genomic markers on HBV. Some of them are clustered at the preS1 and X promoter regions of HBV genotype B and core promoter of HBV subgenotype Cs. The functional significance of these markers to the virus was investigated in our study. Our result showed that one of those markers, the G1613A mutation on core promoter, can significantly increase the promoter activity in a genotype-dependent manner and the effect is reversible by the A-to-G back mutation. We have established an in vitro full-length HBV genome transfection system and the result suggested that the G1613A mutation suppressed the e antigen (HBeAg) secretion and enhanced virus DNA production by downregulating the precore (preC) mRNA transcription. In consistence to the clinical study, the mutation was associated to serum HBV DNA level higher than 6 log copies/1M in female HBV carriers in a univariate analysis. In addition, we demonstrated that the G1613A mutation is a hot spot mutation situated on the negative regulatory element (NRE) on the core promoter in an alignment analysis. To further investigate the molecular mechanism of the mutation, two unknown protein complexes had been shown to bind on the NRE. They showed different binding affinity to the G1613-wild-type and A1613-mutant NRE sequence. Moreover, we showed that in vitro synthesized RFX1 protein could bind to the mutated NRE probe at a higher affinity than that to wild-type NRE probe. Overall, our result suggests that the G1613A mutation exerts its effect by differential binding to some proteins via the NRE region. Studying the mechanism of the mutations may provide insights to the viral pathogenesis and HBV-associated HCC, which has long been a health burden in Asia-Pacific countries.Infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic hepatitis and is closely associated with the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approximately 60-80% of world's HCC is related to HBV, and it is the third most common cause of cancer death in Asia-Pacific region. Almost 400 million people are chronically infected with HBV and one-third was likely to die of complications of cirrhosis, including liver failure and HCC. As there is a shortage of effective curative treatments, detection and prognosis of the risk of cancer development will be essential to improve survival of patients with chronic HBV infection.
Li, Man Shan.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-02, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-210).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
42
"Defining the oncogenic functions of hepatits B virus-human fusion transcripts in hepatocellular carcinoma." Thesis, 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075457.
Full textAbstract:
Lau, Chi Chiu.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-142).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
43
"The direct medical cost of chronic hepatitis B and its complications in Hong Kong." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891137.
Full textAbstract:
Lam Siu Kuen.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-79).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgments --- p.ii
English Abstract --- p.iv
Chinese Abstract --- p.vi
Table of Contents --- p.vii
List of Tables --- p.x
List of Figures --- p.xii
List of Appendices --- p.xiv
Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2. --- Research Background --- p.7
Chapter 2.1 --- Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) --- p.7
Chapter 2.2 --- The prevalence of HBV around the world --- p.12
Chapter 2.3 --- The prevalence of HBV in Hong Kong --- p.16
Chapter 2.4 --- Standard medical treatment --- p.17
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Literature Review --- p.20
Chapter Chapter 4. --- Data compilation --- p.31
Chapter 4.1 --- Prince of Wales Hospital's Dataset --- p.31
Chapter 4.2 --- Expert Opinion and other published data --- p.35
Chapter 4.3 --- Definition of health states under study --- p.36
Chapter Chapter 5. --- Empirical Findings I --- p.39
Chapter 5.1 --- Estimation of disease costs from Department of Hepatology --- p.39
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Methodology and sample size --- p.39
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Summary of costs included in the analysis --- p.42
Chapter 5.1.3 --- Descriptive analysis --- p.43
Chapter 5.1.4 --- Calculation method --- p.44
Chapter 5.1.5 --- Empirical results --- p.47
Chapter 5.2 --- Estimation of direct medical cost from the Department of Oncology --- p.51
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Methodology and sample size --- p.51
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Summary of Costs included in the analysis --- p.52
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Descriptive analysis --- p.52
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Calculation method --- p.54
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Empirical results --- p.58
Chapter 5.3 --- Kernel estimators --- p.61
Chapter 5.4 --- Sensitivity to cost variations in medical procedures --- p.63
Chapter Chapter 6. --- Empirical Findings II --- p.65
Chapter 6.1 --- Estimation of indirect medical costs --- p.65
Chapter 6.1.1 --- Methodology --- p.65
Chapter 6.1.2 --- Calculation method --- p.67
Chapter 6.1.3 --- Empirical results --- p.68
Chapter 6.2 --- Estimation of indirect cost (HCC-deceased) --- p.70
Chapter 6.3 --- Premature death --- p.71
Chapter 6.4 --- Limitation --- p.72
Chapter Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.75
Bibliography --- p.77
Tables --- p.80
Figures --- p.120
Appendices --- p.128
44
"Determination of the differential roles of wild-type and C-terminal truncated hepatitis B virus X protein in hepatocarcinogenesis and construction of inducible cells expressing truncated HBx." 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896731.
Full textAbstract:
Li, Sai Kam.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-179).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Abstract in Chinese (摘要） --- p.ii
Acknowledgements --- p.iii
Table of Content --- p.iv
Abbreviations --- p.xi
List of Figures --- p.xiv
List of Tables --- p.xvii
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1.1 --- Hepatitis B Virus
Chapter 1.1.1 --- General information --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Classification --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Virus life cycle and genome --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.4 --- Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) --- p.7
Chapter 1.2 --- Enigmatic functions of HB --- p.x
Chapter 1.2.1 --- HBx as a transactivator --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.2 --- HBx as a cell cycle regulator --- p.12
Chapter 1.2.3 --- HBx as an apoptosis modulator --- p.13
Chapter 1.3 --- Etiology of HBV-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis --- p.14
Chapter 1.4 --- Clinical mutants of HBV --- p.16
Chapter 1.5 --- Hypothesis and aims of the research --- p.16
Chapter 1.6 --- Basis of Tet-On system --- p.18
Chapter CHPATER 2 --- EXPERIMENT MATERIALS
Chapter 2.1 --- Cell culture
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Cell-lines --- p.21
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Culture medium --- p.22
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Culture medium supplements --- p.23
Chapter 2.2 --- Reagents for subcloning
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Reagents for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Reagents for restriction enzyme digestion --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Reagents for ligation --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Reagents for electrophoresis --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Reagents for E. coli DH5a preparation --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Materials for bacterial culture work --- p.27
Chapter 2.3 --- Reagents for subcellular localization study
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Reagents for cell staining --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Reagents for mounting slides --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Materials for site-directed mutagenesis --- p.29
Chapter 2.4 --- Reagents for cell cycle analysis and cellular proliferation
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Reagents for cell cycle analysis --- p.29
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Reagents for cellular proliferation study --- p.30
Chapter 2.5 --- Reagents for protein expression study
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Cell lysis buffer --- p.30
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Reagents for SDS-PAGE --- p.30
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Reagents for Western blot --- p.33
Chapter 2.5.4 --- Antibodies --- p.34
Chapter 2.6 --- Reagents for gene expression study
Chapter 2.6.1 --- Reagents for RNA extraction --- p.36
Chapter 2.6.2 --- Reagents for first strand cDNA synthesis --- p.37
Chapter 2.6.3 --- Reagents for real-time PCR --- p.37
Chapter 2.7 --- Reagents for establishment of Tet-On inducible stable cell-lines
Chapter 2.7.1 --- Reagents for MTT assay --- p.38
Chapter 2.7.2 --- Reagents for selection of stable clones --- p.38
Chapter 2.8 --- Vectors used in the project
Chapter 2.8.1 --- Vectors for subcellular localization study --- p.39
Chapter 2.8.2 --- Vectors for establishment of Tet-on inducible cell-lines --- p.39
Chapter 2.9 --- Primers used in the project
Chapter 2.9.1 --- Primers used for subcloning --- p.42
Chapter 2.9.2 --- Primers used for site-directed mutagenesis --- p.43
Chapter 2.9.3 --- Primers used in real-time chain polymerase reaction --- p.43
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- RESEARCH METHODS
Chapter 3.1 --- Subcloning of HBx and mutant genes into a green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression vector
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Amplification of HBxWt，HBxΔC44 and HBxAN60 genes --- p.45
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Purification of PCR products --- p.46
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Restriction enzyme digestion --- p.47
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Ligation of gene products with pEGFP-C 1 vector --- p.47
Chapter 3.1.5 --- Preparation of chemically competent bacterial cells E. coli strain DH5α --- p.47
Chapter 3.1.6 --- Transformation of the ligation product into competent cells --- p.48
Chapter 3.1.7 --- PCR confirmation of successful ligation --- p.48
Chapter 3.1.8 --- Small scale preparation of bacterial plasmid DNA --- p.49
Chapter 3.1.9 --- DNA sequencing of the cloned plasmid DNA --- p.50
Chapter 3.1.10 --- Large scale preparation of target recombinant plasmid DNA --- p.50
Chapter 3.2 --- Subcellular localization pattern study
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Cell transfection --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Mitochondria and nucleus staining --- p.52
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Epi-fluorescence microscopy --- p.53
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Analysis of fluorescence images --- p.53
Chapter 3.2.5 --- In vitro site-directed mutagenesis --- p.53
Chapter 3.3 --- Cell cycle phase analysis with flow cytometry
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Cell transfection --- p.55
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Cell staining --- p.55
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Flow cytometry --- p.55
Chapter 3.4 --- Cellular proliferation quantification by BrdU proliferation assay
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Cell transfection --- p.57
Chapter 3.4.2 --- BrdU ELISA measurement --- p.57
Chapter 3.5 --- Protein expression
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Cell lysate collection --- p.58
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Quantification of protein samples --- p.59
Chapter 3.5.3 --- SDS-PAGE --- p.59
Chapter 3.5.4 --- Western blot --- p.60
Chapter 3.5.5 --- Western blot luminal detection --- p.60
Chapter 3.6 --- Gene expression
Chapter 3.6.1 --- Primer design --- p.61
Chapter 3.6.2 --- Cell transfection --- p.61
Chapter 3.6.3 --- RNA extraction --- p.61
Chapter 3.6.4 --- Reverse transcription for first strand complementary DNA (cDNA) --- p.63
Chapter 3.6.5 --- Quantitative real-time PCR --- p.63
Chapter 3.7 --- Establishment of Tet-On inducible stable cell-lines
Chapter 3.7.1 --- Subcloning of HBx gene into pTRE2 vector --- p.64
Chapter 3.7.2 --- Construction of WRL68/Tet-On stable cell-lines --- p.64
Chapter 3.7.3 --- Construction of WRL68/Tet-On HBx and mutants expression cell-lines --- p.68
Chapter 3.7.4 --- Characterization of Tet-On gene expression monoclones --- p.69
Chapter 3.8 --- Statistical analyses --- p.70
Chapter CHPATER 4 --- STUDY ON MITOCHONDRIA TARGETING
Chapter 4.1 --- Establishment of pEGFP-Cl-HBx and mutants constructs --- p.71
Chapter 4.2 --- Transactivation C-terminus domain is essential for granular localization --- p.73
Chapter 4.3 --- Wild-type HBx localizes in mitochondria --- p.76
Chapter 4.4 --- C-terminal transactivation domain is sufficient for mitochondria targeting --- p.79
Chapter 4.5 --- Mapping of the HBx region crucial for mitochondria targeting --- p.81
Chapter 4.6 --- The 111-117 amino acids in HBx do not work as a signal peptide --- p.83
Chapter 4.7 --- Site-directed mutagenesis identifies the key amino acid at 115 in HBx for mitochondrial targeting --- p.85
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CELL PROLIFERATION AND REGULATION
Chapter 5.1 --- Alteration of S-phase distribution in cell cycle --- p.88
Chapter 5.2 --- Analysis of DNA synthesis using BrdU proliferation ELISA --- p.92
Chapter 5.3 --- Differential molecular regulation of cell cycle --- p.94
Chapter 5.4 --- Regulation of the mRNA expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors p2raf/cipl and p27kipl --- p.98
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- TRANSACTIVATION AND RAS/RAF/MAPK PHOSPHORYLATION
Chapter 6.1 --- Determination of p53-dependency of p21、vaf/cipl expression --- p.101
Chapter 6.2 --- Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway activation by HBx variants
Chapter 6.2.1 --- ERK1/2 phophorylation by HBx variants --- p.104
Chapter 6.2.2 --- ERK inhibition blocks the regulation effect on p53Wt and p21waf/cipl --- p.107
Chapter 6.3 --- Transactivation activity on oncogenes/ proto-oncogenes
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Effect on c-myc (NM´ؤ002467) mRNA expression --- p.109
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Effect on RhoC (NM_017744) and Rabl4 (NM´ؤ016322) mRNA expression --- p.112
Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- CONSTRUCTION OF TET-ON INDUCIBLE CELL-LINES
Chapter 7.1 --- Establishment of WRL/Tet-On monoclonal cell-lines Page
Chapter 7.1.1 --- Determination of geneticin selection dosage --- p.116
Chapter 7.1.2 --- Selection of the best WRL/TOn clone using luciferase assay --- p.118
Chapter 7.2 --- Establishment of inducible WRL/TOn/Gene monoclonal cell-lines
Chapter 7.2.1 --- Determination of hygromycin selection dosage --- p.120
Chapter 7.2.2 --- Selection of positive WRL/TOn/Gene clones with viral genes --- p.122
Chapter 7.3 --- Characterization of TOXDC1 cell-line
Chapter 7.3.1 --- Cell morphology --- p.125
Chapter 7.3.2 --- Growth pattern of TOXDC1 --- p.126
Chapter 7.3.3 --- HBxAC44 induced p21waf/cipl mRNA expression --- p.127
Chapter 7.3.4 --- Doxycycline concentration dependent HBxAC44 expression in TOXDC1 --- p.129
Chapter CHAPTER 8 --- DISCUSSION
Chapter 8.1 --- Selection of cell model
Chapter 8.1.1 --- Selection of cell models --- p.130
Chapter 8.1.2 --- Selection of truncation mutant --- p.131
Chapter 8.2 --- Differential sub-cellular localization of HBx and its variants
Chapter 8.2.1 --- Mechanisms of mitochondria targeting --- p.132
Chapter 8.2.2 --- Mitochondria as site of HBx-induced apoptosis --- p.134
Chapter 8.2.3 --- Stimulation of calcium release from mitochondria by wild-type HBx --- p.135
Chapter 8.3 --- Cell cycle distribution profiling and its regulations
Chapter 8.3.1 --- Cell cycle pattern and cell proliferation --- p.136
Chapter 8.3.2 --- Differential cell cycle molecular pathway activation --- p.138
Chapter 8.4 --- Ras/Raf/MAPK mediated transactivation by HBxWt and its mutants
Chapter 8.4.1 --- p53-mediated p21waf/cipl expression --- p.142
Chapter 8.4.2 --- ERK-mediated p21waf/cipl and wild-type p53 mRNA expression --- p.143
Chapter 8.4.3 --- Regulation of oncogenes/ proto-oncogenes expression --- p.147
Chapter 8.5 --- General discussions on differential effects of HBxWt and HBxAC44 --- p.149
Chapter 8.6 --- Establishment of Tet-On/HBxAC44 cell-line TOXDC1 --- p.153
Chapter 8.7 --- Conclusions --- p.154
Chapter 8.8 --- Future Prospects
Chapter 8.8.1 --- From mitochondria targeting to calcium signaling --- p.157
Chapter 8.8.2 --- Construction of a complete cell cycle regulation pathway --- p.158
Chapter 8.8.3 --- Elucidation of the transcriptional transactivation regulation --- p.159
Chapter 8.8.4 --- To make the best use of the Tet-on stable cell-line TOXDC1 --- p.159
Chapter 8.8.5 --- Study with other carboxy-terminal truncation mutants --- p.160
Chapter 8.8.6 --- In vivo study --- p.160
REFERENCES --- p.162
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Machado, Eduarda Sofia Rodrigues. "Suporte social, qualidade de vida e morbilidade psicológica em toxicodependentes com hepatite B e C." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/13631.
Full textAbstract:
No presente estudo pretende-se avaliar a relação existente entre o suporte social, a qualidade de vida e a morbilidade psicológica em toxicodependentes infetados com o vírus da hepatite B e C. Na avaliação foram aplicados três instrumentos, a Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social, o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida breve (WHOQOL – BREF) e a Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar (HADS), a uma amostra de 31 pessoas, utentes do IDT de Braga. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que os toxicodependentes com diagnóstico de hepatite B ou C percecionam a sua qualidade de vida como elevada, assim como a sua rede de suporte social. No entanto, existem diferenças nos níveis de ansiedade e depressão nos indivíduos com os diferentes tipos de hepatite, os indivíduos com hepatite B têm maiores níveis de ansiedade e os indivíduos com hepatite C experimentam maiores níveis de depressão.The present study aims to assess the relationship between social support, life quality and psychological morbidity among drug users infected with hepatitis B and C. In evaluating three instruments were applied, the Satisfaction Scale Social Support, the Life Quality Questionnaire brief (WHOQOL - BREF) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), a sample of 31 people, users of IDT Braga. The results of this study indicate that drug users diagnosed with hepatitis B or C perceives its high life quality as well as their social support network. However, there are differences in levels of anxiety and depression in individuals with different types of hepatitis, individuals with hepatitis B have higher levels of anxiety and individuals with hepatitis C experience higher levels of depression.
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Duran-Garcia, Omar. "Aesthetic Misdiagnoses: Biomedicine, Homosexualities, and Medical Cultures in Mexico, 1953-2006." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-7ch5-9x51.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the role of scientific and medical disciplines in the construction of homosexuality in Mexico, and how non-normative gender and sexual subjects engaged in political activism, body modifications, and aesthetic production to challenge the pathologizing discourses reinforced by the increasing authority of the biomedical sciences. Chapter 1 examines the role of photography as a medical instrument in the first documented sex-reassignment treatment in the Western Hemisphere performed by Mexican physician and sexologist Rafael Sandoval Camacho in the early 1950s, and how his patient Marta Olmos, Mexico’s first transsexual woman, embraced photojournalism as a medium to document, archive, and validate her identity as a woman. In chapter 2, I examine the popular phenomenon of publishing photographs of erotized trans sex workers known as Mujercitos during the 1970s in Alarma!, Mexico’s most influential crime tabloid magazine, and how these marginalized subjects appropriated biomedical technologies like “sex hormones” intended to regulate gender and sexual deviance to construct bodily identities that challenged the medical and criminological positions on the essentialist natures of gender expression, sexual desire, and the sexed body. Chapter 3 examines the early gay narrative of Luis Zapata and José Rafael Calva that emerged in conjunction to Mexico’s Homosexual Liberation Movement in the late 1970s.
My analysis demonstrates how Zapata’s El vampiro de la colonia Roma [Adonis García: A Picaresque Novel] (1979), and Calva’s Utopía gay [Gay Utopia] (1983) present sharp critiques shared by Mexico’s homosexual liberation groups on the growing authority of disciplines like psychiatry, psychoanalysis, and biomedicine in pathologizing homosexuality. Chapter 4 examines the changing understandings of homosexuality, homosexual desire, and the homosexual body during the HIV/AIDS crisis through the work of Julio Galán, Nahum B. Zenil, and art collective Taller Documentación Visual. My analysis presents the role of the HIV virus not as an explicit visual reference but rather as an elusive, spectral, and dangerous entity that is identifiable through the aesthetic and formal composition of the artists’ works, best exemplified by the references to condoms as physical and symbolic devices in the mediation of gay sexual contact and desire. This dissertation demonstrates the critical roles of biomedicine, criminology, sexology, and psychiatry in regulating diverse forms of Mexican homosexualities, while simultaneously functioning as liminal disciplines strategically adopted by homosexual subjects to redefine, shape, and validate their desired bodily, sexual, and subjective identities.
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Rainesalo, Timothy C. "Senator Oliver P. Morton and Historical Memory of the Civil War and Reconstruction in Indiana." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/10859.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)After governing Indiana during the Civil War, Oliver P. Morton acquired great national influence as a Senator from 1867 to 1877 during Reconstruction. He advocated for African American suffrage and proper remembrance of the Union cause. When he died in 1877, political colleagues, family members, and many Union veterans recalled Morton’s messages and used the occasion to reflect on the nation’s memories of the Civil War and Reconstruction. This thesis examines Indiana’s Governor and Senator Oliver P. Morton, using his postwar speeches, public commentary during and after his life, and the public testimonials and monuments erected in his memory to analyze his role in defining Indiana’s historical memories of the Civil War and Reconstruction from 1865 to 1907. The eulogies and monument commemoration ceremonies reveal the important reciprocal relationship between Morton and Union veterans, especially Indiana members of the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR). As the GAR’s influence increased during the nineteenth century, Indiana members used Morton’s legacy and image to promote messages of patriotism, national unity, and Union pride. The monuments erected in Indianapolis and Washington, D. C., reflect Indiana funders’ desire to remember Morton as a Civil War Governor and to use his image to reinforce viewers’ awareness of the sacrifices and results of the war. This thesis explores how Morton’s friends, family, political colleagues, and influential members of the GAR emphasized Morton’s governorship to use his legacy as a rallying point for curating and promoting partisan memories of the Civil War and, to a lesser extent, Reconstruction, in Indiana.