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Šiaudkulytė, Ieva. "Augalinių preparatų asortimento kitimo tendencijos Lietuvos vaistinėse." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140630_133822-20854.
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Lietuvoje daugiausiai buvo užregistruota virškinimo sistemą veikiančių augalinės kilmės preparatų. Dažniausiai registruojamos augalinių vaistinių preparatų vaistų formos yra tabletės, lašai, tirpalai bei arbatos. Tarp augalinių preparatų Lietuvos vaistų registre vyrauja savo produkciją įregistravusios Lietuvos, Vokietijos bei Lenkijos įmonės. Tarp įmonių įregistravusių savo produkciją lyderiauja Lietuvos įmonės „Acorus Calamus“, „Švenčionių vaistažolės“, Lenkijos įmonė „Herbapol“ (iki 2000m.) bei Lietuvos įmonė „Valentis“ (2010m. ir 2013m.).1994 – 2013 there were mainly registered drugs for digestive system. The most common herbal medicines registered drug forms are tablets, drops, solutions and tea. In Lithuania main drug companies are from Lithuania, Germany and Poland. Since 1994 most succssefull companies who had registered their products were Lithuanian companies “Acorus Calamus”, “Švenčionių vaistažolės”, Polish company “Herbapol” (until 2000) and Lithuanian company “Valentis” (2010 - 2013).
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Dube, Admire. "The design, preparation and evaluation of Artemisia Afra and placebos in tea bag dosage form suitable for use in clinical trials." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2915_1188480959.
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Artemisia Afra, a popular South African traditional herbal medicine is commonly administered as a tea infusion of the leaves. However, clinical trials proving it safety and efficacy are lacking mainly due to the absence of good quality dosage forms and credible placebos for the plant. The objectives of this study were to prepare a standardized preparation of the plant leaves and freeze-dried aqueous extract powder of the leaves, in a tea bag dosage form and to design and prepare credible placebos for these plant materials.
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Tian, Honglei. "A high throughput screening method for anti-cancer drug leads discovery from the herbal medicine /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIEN%202006%20TIAN.
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Wang, Li. "ASSESSMENT OF THE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION POTENTIAL OF ANIONIC COMPONENTS IN THE DIET AND HERBAL MEDICINES ON ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS (SLC22 FAMILY)." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3181.
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Numerous natural products are widely used as first-line/alternative therapeutics and dietary supplements in both western and eastern society. However, the safety and efficacy profiles for herbal products are still limited. Organic anion transporters (OATs; SLC22 family) are expressed in many barrier organs and mediate in vivo body disposition of a broad array of endogenous substances and clinically important drugs. As some dietary flavonoids and phenolic acids were previously demonstrated to interact with OATs, it is necessary to explore the potential interaction of such components found in natural products in order to avoid potential OAT-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The inhibitory effects of 23 natural products were assessed on the function of human (h) OATs, hOAT1 (SLC22A6), hOAT3 (SLC22A7), and hOAT4 (SLC22A11) and/or the murine (m) orthologs mOat1 and mOat3. For compounds exhibiting marked inhibition at initial screening, dose-response curves (IC50 values) and DDI indices were determined. At the initial screening concentrations, 14, 19, and 2 test compounds exhibited significant inhibition on hOAT1, hOAT3, and hOAT4, respectively. Additionally, all test Danshen (a Chinese herbal medicine) hydrophilic components significantly reduced mOat1- and mOat3-mediated substrate uptake at 1 mM. For selected compounds, the IC50 and Ki values were estimated to be in the micromolar or even nanomolar range. Considering the clinical plasma concentration and unbound fraction in plasma, DDI indices for gallic acid, gentisic acid, lithospermic acid, protocatechuic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and tanshinol indicated DDIs may occur in vivo in situations of co-administration of these compounds and clinical therapeutics known to be OAT substrates. Finally, a new, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to quantify gallic acid and gentisic acid in cell lysates in order to measure cellular uptake of these compounds in mOat1- or mOat3-expressing cells. Significant cellular uptake of gallic acid was observed in mOat1-expressing cells, compared with background control cells. The absorptive uptake was completely blocked by probenecid (known OAT inhibitor) at 1 mM. These results indicate that gallic acid is a substrate for mOat1 and suggest that human OAT1 might be involved in the active renal secretion of gallic acid.
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Jiang, Xuemin. "Effect of herbal medicines on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Warfarin in healthy subjects." University of Sydney. Pharmacy, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/651.
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Herbal medicines are widely used in our community. A survey of Australian consumers indicated that 60% had used complementary and/or alternative medicines in the past year with the majority not informing their doctor that they were using herbal medicines. Little is known about the potentially serious consequences of interactions between herbal and conventional medicines. Warfarin has an important role in treating people with heart disease, yet it has a narrow therapeutic range, is highly bound to plasma proteins, and is metabolised by cytochrome P450. This creates the potential for life-threatening interactions with other drugs and foods leading to excessive bleeding. Hence, warfarin is one of the most frequently investigated drugs for interaction studies. Early clinical reports suggest that there exists the potential for an interaction between warfarin and four herbal medicines: St John�s wort, ginseng, ginkgo and ginger. However, these herb-drug combinations have never been conclusively studied. The two clinical studies conducted as part of this research had an identical study design. Twenty-four healthy male subjects were recruited into the two separate studies. This was an open label, three-way crossover randomised study in twelve healthy male subjects, who received a single 25 mg dose of warfarin alone or after 14 days pre-treatment with St John�s wort, or 7 days pre-treatment with ginseng. Dosing with St John�s wort or ginseng was continued for 7 days after administration of the warfarin dose in study I or who received a single 25 mg dose of warfarin alone or after 7 days pre-treatment with recommended doses of ginkgo or ginger from single ingredient products of known quality. Dosing with ginkgo or ginger was continued for 7 days after administration of the warfarin dose in study II. Platelet aggregation, international normalised ratio (INR) of prothrombin time, warfarin enantiomer protein binding, warfarin enantiomer concentrations in plasma and S-7-hydroxywarfarin concentration in urine were measured in both studies. Statistical comparisons were made using ANOVA and 95% confidence interval (CI) for mean value and 90% CI for geometric mean ratio value are reported. n study I, the mean (95% CI) apparent clearance of S-warfarin after warfarin alone or with St John�s wort or ginseng were, respectively, 198 (174 � 223) ml/h, 269 (241 � 297) ml/h and 220 (201 � 238) ml/h. The respective apparent clearances of R-warfarin were 110 (94 � 126) ml/h, 142 (123 � 161) ml/h and 119 (106 � 131) ml/h. The mean ratio of apparent clearance for S-warfarin was 1.29 (1.16-1.46) and for R-warfarin was 1.23 (1.11-1.37) when St John�s wort was co-administered. The mean ratio of AUC0-168 of INR was 0.79 (0.70 - 0.95) when St John�s wort was co-administered. The urinary excretion ratio of S-7-hydroxywarfarin after administration of warfarin alone was 0.04 (0.03 � 0.06) mg/h and there was no significant difference following treatment with either St John�s wort 0.03 (0.02 � 0.04) mg/h or ginseng 0.03 (0.02 � 0.04) mg/h. The ratio of geometric means for S-7-hydroxywarfarin UER was 0.82 (0.61-1.12) for St John�s wort, and 0.68 (0.50-0.91) for ginseng. St John�s wort and ginseng did not affect the apparent volumes of distribution or protein binding of warfarin enantiomers. In study II, the mean (95% CI) apparent clearance of S-warfarin after warfarin alone, with ginkgo or ginger were 189 (167 � 210) ml/h, 200 (173 � 227) ml/h and 201 (171 � 231) ml/h, respectively. The respective apparent clearances of R-warfarin were 127 (106 � 149) ml/h, 126 (111 � 141) ml/h and 131 (106 � 156) ml/h. The mean ratio of apparent clearance for S-warfarin was 1.05 (0.98 -1.12) and for R-warfarin was 1.00 (0.93 -1.08) when co-administered with ginkgo. The mean ratio of AUC0-168 of INR was 0.93 (0.81 -1.05) when co-administered with ginkgo. The mean ratio of apparent clearance for S-warfarin was 1.05 (0.97 -1.13) and for R-warfarin was 1.02 (0.95 -1.10) when co-administered with ginger. The mean ratio of AUC0-168 of INR was 1.01 (0.93 -1.15) when co-administered with ginger. The urinary excretion ratio (UER) of S-7-hydroxywarfarin after administration of warfarin alone was 0.04 (0.03 � 0.05) mg/h and there was no significant difference following treatment with either ginkgo 0.04 (0.03 � 0.04) mg/h or ginger 0.03 (0.02 � 0.04) mg/h. The ratio of geometric means for S-7-hydroxywarfarin UER was 1.07 (0.69-1.67) for ginkgo, and 1.00 (0.64-1.56) for ginger. Ginkgo and ginger did not affect the apparent volumes of distribution or protein binding of either S-warfarin or R-warfarin. In conclusion, St John�s wort significantly induced the apparent clearance of both S-warfarin and R-warfarin, which in turn resulted in a significant reduction in the pharmacological effect of rac-warfarin. Ginseng, ginkgo and ginger at recommended doses affect neither clotting status, nor the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of either S-warfarin or R-warfarin in healthy subjects.
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Patel, Jignesh Mitra Ashim K. "P-glycoprotein mediated efflux and CYP3A4 mediated metabolism of HIV-protease inhibitor, ritonavir, and its interaction with pure herbal constituents." Diss., UMK access, 2004.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Pharmacy and Dept. of Chemistry. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004."A dissertation in pharmaceutical science and chemistry." Advisor: Ashim K. Mitra. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 27, 2006; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-199). Online version of the print edition.
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Chan, Yuen Cheung. "Quality evaluation and anti-chronic glomerulonephritis properties of a patent herbal drug yi-shen-hua-shi granule." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/825.
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Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi (YSHS) granule is a Chinese patent drug for treating chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). It was marketed in 2009. However, up to now, there is no report about the quality and pharmacological activities of this product. In this work，we evaluated the quality and anti-CGN effects of the drug. To evaluate the quality of the granule, a qualitative and quantitative HPLC-DAD analytical method was developed. For qualitative analysis, HPLC fingerprint of ten batches of YSHS granule was established. The fingerprints were analyzed using similarity evaluation, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) based on 15 characteristic fingerprint peaks. Similarity values of 10-batche samples were all above 0.960, indicating a stable quality. Minor differences were observed among batches by HCA and PCA. For quantification analysis, contents of six constituents in the granule were simultaneously measured. To establish the chemical profile of the granule, a HPLC-Q-TOF- MS/MS method was developed. A total of 105 peaks were detected using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS in the granule, of which, 99 were tentatively identified as terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, phenols and other types of compounds, and 15 were further validated with reference substances. HPLC fingerprint chromatogram establishment, quantification analysis of 6 constituents and compound identification should improve the quality control of YSHS granule. To study the pharmacological activities of the granule, we investigated its anti-CGN effects and TGFβ signaling-related mechanism of action. A CGN rat model was established by injection of cationization-bovine serum albumin (C-BSA) for five weeks. After C-BSA injection, drugs were intragastrically administered to the rats once daily for four weeks. Clinical signs were recorded daily. Urine and serum biochemical parameters were analyzed using respective kits. Protein levels were examined by Western blotting. Pathological changes of renal tissues were evaluated using HE and Masson's trichrome staining. No significant differences in body weights and clinical signs were found among normal, model and drug treatment groups. Proteinuria; albuminuria; increased urine volume; elevated creatinine, urea nitrogen, triglyceride levels and total cholesterol in serum; decreased serum total protein and albumin; as well as renal pathological damages and fibrosis were observed in CGN model rats. YSHS granule ameliorated all the abnormal behavioral and biochemical changes in the model rats. Mechanistic investigations revealed that YSHS granule down-regulated proteins levels of TGFβ1, phospho-Smad2/3 (Thr 8) and Smad4 in rat renal tissues. These findings indicate that the drug has anti-CGN effects in rats, and inhibiting TGFβ signaling contributes to the underlying mechanisms. In summary, our chemical analytical studies will help in improving the quality control of YSHS granule. Our bioactivity and mechanistic studies provide a pharmacological basis for the clinical use of the granule in treating CGN.
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Ali, Viktoria. "Naturläkemedel inom sjukvården." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24309.
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Naturläkemedel är ett område som väcker stort intresse idag och allt fler individer väljer att ta hand om sina åkommor på egen hand. Modern forskning visar på interaktioner mellan naturläkemedel och konventionella läkemedel. Eftersom naturläkemedel under lång tid uteslutande har använts i egenvårdssyfte har patienters användning av dessa produkter skett i stor utsträckning utan medverkan från den vanliga hälso- och sjukvården. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka sjuksköterskors inställning till och kunskaper om naturläkemedel. Studien är av kvalitativ design och är baserad på sex intervjuer med sjuksköterskor verksamma vid två ortopediska vårdavdelningar i Södra Sverige. Resultatet visade att behovet av ökade kunskaper om naturläkemedel hos sjuksköterskor är stort och att naturläkemedel är något som diskuteras i mycket liten omfattning inom sjukvården.Herbal remedies is an area that arouses great interest today and more individuals choose to take care of their symptoms on their own. Modern research shows interactions between herbal remedies and conventional medicines. Since herbal remedies for a long time been used exclusively in self-care purposes, the patients use of these products are made largely without the participation of the ordinary health care. The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses attitudes towards and knowledge of herbal remedies. The design of this study is qualitative and is based on six interviews with nurses working in two orthopedic departments in southern Sweden. The results showed that the need for increased knowledge of herbal remedies among nurses is high and that herbal remedies are discussed in a very small scale in health care.
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Mazhar, Hajra. "The Use of Complementary and Integrative Medicines and Exploring Natural Health Product-Drug Interactions In Vitro in the Management of Pediatric Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40653.
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This thesis applied a novel interdisciplinary approach for pharmacovigilance to examine the use of complementary and integrative medicine (CIM), focusing on herbal remedies, to manage pediatric attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The safety and potential risk of herb-drug interactions in ADHD management were first evaluated through an assessment of available information on the safety and efficacy of natural health products (NHPs) commonly used by ADHD patients as a means of identifying knowledge gaps. A clinical questionnaire was administered to caregivers of pediatric patients with ADHD to determine the factors and related outcomes of CIM use, including adverse events. A systematic search was conducted to further identify clinical adverse events involving herbal remedies and ADHD drugs to determine causal links to herb-drug interactions. In vitro analysis of identified herbal remedies was conducted to determine their potential for pharmacokinetic interactions, specifically on carboxylesterase-1 (CES1) mediated metabolism. The presented research builds on otherwise scarce evidence of the safety of herbal remedies for ADHD, particularly with respect to herb-drug interactions and adverse events (AEs) associated with concurrent use of NHPs and ADHD prescription drugs. Beyond studies conducted on the pharmacokinetic safety of herbal remedies through the cytochrome P450 pathways that metabolize some ADHD drugs, including amphetamine, atomoxetine and guanfacine, few data were available for CES1, which metabolizes methylphenidate, the first line of drug used to manage ADHD. The clinical questionnaire revealed that 40% of patients had used CIM and confirmed the use of a variety of CIM. Moreover, the majority of CIM users were also concurrently taking ADHD medication, and eight mild adverse events were self-reported. The systematic search on the adverse event reporting system highlighted a potential NHP-drug interaction between methylphenidate and St. John’s wort, and the overall poor quality of NHP-related adverse event reports. As a follow-up from the adverse event results, various commercial St. John’s wort products showed variable inhibition of recombinant human CES1 in vitro. Although the concentration of marker phytochemicals was not correlated to inhibition, hyperforin showed stronger activity than hypericin and quercetin. The preliminary in vitro investigation revealed that the herbal remedies used by ADHD patients have the potential to interact with CES1 mediated metabolism, with Rhodiola rosea identified as the most potent inhibitor. Further investigation on various commercial products of Rhodiola rosea revealed both reversible and irreversible inhibition of recombinant CES1. However, the inhibition was not dependent on the concentration of marker phytochemicals, and rosarin, rosavin, rosin, and salidroside were not potent inhibitors of recombinant CES1. Moreover, a commercial Rhodiola rosea extract showed concentration-dependent inhibition of human liver microsome meditated metabolism of methylphenidate. Overall, results from this thesis suggest potential risk from use of NHPs concurrently with conventional medicine used to manage ADHD. Improved evidence and pharmacovigilance for the use of NHPs in a pediatric population is warranted.
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Ma, Ling. "Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cell immune responses towards congenital Toxoplasma gondii infection and mistletoe extract drug stimulation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/313392.
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Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the main circulating γδ T cells in human adult blood. They are known for their T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent recognition of microbe and endogenous-derived non-peptide pyrophosphate antigens (phosphoantigens, PAg). With the intrinsically biased type 1 immune responses, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are an important force in the defense of infections and tumors. However, the immune responses of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in early life infections and in immunotherapies are not clear yet. In this thesis, we explored Vγ9Vδ2 T cell immune responses in both aspects. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are abundant in human fetal peripheral blood, but compared to their adult counterparts they have a distinct developmental origin, are hyporesponsive towards in vitro phosphoantigen exposure and they do not possess a cytotoxic effector phenotype. In order to obtain insight into the role of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the human fetus, we investigated in the first part of this thesis their responses upon in utero infection with the phosphoantigen-producing parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Most congenital infections are caused by viruses, T. gondii is one of the exceptions. The organelle apicoplast present in T. gondii can generate the most potent Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activator. Thus infection in utero with T. gondii makes it a good model to observe Vγ9Vδ2 T cell immune responses in early life. By comparing to age-matched controls, we found that fetal Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were highly expanded in congenital T. gondii infected newborns, and these expanded cells were highly differentiated towards potent cytotoxic effector cells. While the impact of congenital infection on Vγ9Vδ2 T cell expansion and function waned after birth, the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR repertoire of infected infants possessed a clear fetal footprint with public clonotypes, reflecting the Vγ9Vδ2 T cell response in utero. Indeed, verification of the antigen recognition related complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of the TCR for γ and δ chain by high-throughput sequencing revealed the enrichment of three Vδ2 sequences in congenitally-infected infants that are already generated at 8 weeks of gestation. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells possess several characteristics, including MHC-independent recognition of tumor cells and potent killing potential, that make them attractive candidates for cancer immunotherapeutic approaches. In the second part of this thesis we investigated Vγ9Vδ2 T cell responses towards two kinds of hemiparasite plant Viscum album L. (European mistletoe) extract drugs in vitro. Mistletoe therapy is the most used complementary cancer therapy in European countries. Mistletoe extract drugs are considered to benefit for increasing the quality of life of cancer patients and modulate immune cells, but the mechanism of action is not clear. Here, we investigated in-depth the in vitro response of human T cells towards mistletoe extract drugs by analyzing their functional and TCR responses using flow cytometry and high-throughput sequencing respectively. Non-fermented mistletoe-extract drugs (AbnobaViscum), but not their fermented counterparts (Iscador), induced specific expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells among T cells. Furthermore, AbnobaViscum rapidly induced the release of cytotoxic granules and the production of the cytokines IFNγ and TNFα in Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. This stimulation of anti-cancer Vγ9Vδ2 T cells was mediated by the butyrophilin BTN3A, did not depend on the accumulation of endogenous phosphoantigens and involved the same Vγ9Vδ2 TCR repertoire as those of phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.In summary, in the first part of this thesis we showed that the human fetus intrinsically possesses a group of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that are responding to congenital parasite infections that provide potential protective effects to the fetus. In the second part, we provided insight into the in vitro responses of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells towards mistletoe extract drugs, indicating that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be an important target in mistletoe therapy.Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Wright, Colin W. "Recent developments in research on terrestrial plants used for the treatment of malaria." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4541.
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noNew antimalarial drugs are urgently needed to combat emerging multidrug resistant strains of malaria parasites. This Highlight focuses on plant-derived natural products that are of interest as potential leads towards new antimalarial drugs including synthetic analogues of natural compounds, with the exception of artemisinin derivatives, which are not included due to limited space. Since effective antimalarial treatment is often unavailable or unaffordable to many of those who need it, there is increasing interest in the development of locally produced herbal medicines; recent progress in this area will also be reviewed in this Highlight.
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Bossaer, John B., and Brian L. Odle. "Probable Etoposide Interaction with Echinacea." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2317.
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Echinacea is an herbal supplement commonly used as an immune system stimulant to prevent infections, such as the common cold or flu. Echinacea has been documented as a cyctochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitor in vitro, but no formal studies have been conducted in humans. Etoposide is a cytotoxic, topoisomerase II inhibitor, chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of lung cancer. Etoposide is primarily metabolized by CYP 3A4. We report the first possible drug–herbal interaction between Echinacea and etoposide. A 61-year-old gentleman newly diagnosed with nonsmall cell lung cancer began concurrent chemoradiation with cisplatin and etoposide. He was admitted to the hospital on day 8 of his first cycle and found to be thrombocytopenic. His platelet count eventually reached a nadir of 16 × 103/L, requiring platelet transfusion support. Upon admission, it was discovered he was taking Echinacea, which was discontinued. He received his next cycle of chemotherapy without taking Echinacea. His platelet count decreased to a nadir of 44 × 103/L, but he did not require platelet transfusions. Echinacea likely contributed to this patient's profound thrombocytopenia and should be avoided in patients receiving etoposide and possibly other chemotherapeutic drugs that are CYP 3A4 substrates.
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Raudonis, Raimondas. "Efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos - pokolonėlinės reakcijos metodo vystymas antioksidantinio aktyvumo nustatymui." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080616_100532-09677.
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Didelis dėmesys skiriamas natūralių antioksidantų paieškai ir įvertinimui augalinės kilmės vaistinėse ir maistinėse žaliavose. Mokslinių tyrimų objektais yra didelis skaičius augalų rūšių, ekstraktų, maisto papildų ir vaistinių preparatų. Tiriamųjų darbų našumas ir informatyvumas, be abejonės, priklauso nuo pasirinktų metodų tinkamumo, jautrumo ir efektyvumo. Darbo tikslas yra išvystyti bei įteisinti pokolonėlinę ESC-DPPH metodiką ir ją pritaikyti laisvuosius radikalus surišančių žinomų ir nežinomų junginių, esančių vaistinėje augalinėje žaliavoje, antioksidantinio aktyvumo įvertinimui. ESC išskirstyti junginiai nustatomi UV detektoriumi 275 nm ilgio bangoje; mobili fazė su analitėmis per maišymo trišakį tiekiama į reakcijos kilpą, kur 0,4 ml/min tėkmės greičiu paduodamas DPPH tirpalas. Reakcijos kilpa sujungta su UV/Vis tipo detektoriumi, matuojančiu pratekančio tirpalo absorbciją esant 520 nm bangos ilgiui. Nustatyta, jog Crataegus monogyna lapuose vyraujantis flavonoidas viteksino ramnozidas nepasižymi antioksidantiniu aktyvumu. Reikšmingiausias antioksidantas C. monogyna lapuose ir žieduose yra chlorogeno rūgštis. Didžiausiu antioksidantiniu aktyvumu Origanum vulgare augalinėje žolėje pasižymi rozmarino rūgštis. Achillea millefolium ekstraktuose identifikuotos šios analitės, turinčios radikalus surišantį aktyvumą: chlorogeno rūgštis, luteolin-7-O-gliukozidas, rutinas ir luteolinas.The most important attention is paid to the search of natural antioxidants and their evaluation in medicinal and food raw materials of plant origin. A number of plants, their extacts, food products and medicinal preparations appear to be objects of scientific research. Effectiveness and informative character of research, undoubtedly, depend on relevance, sensitivity and efficiency of the methods chosen. Aim of this work is development and validation of post column HPLC-DPPH method as well as its application in antioxidant activity evaluation of known and unknown compounds fixing free radicals and existing in medicinal plant raw materials. HPLC separated compounds are identified at wave length of 275 nm and then the mobile phase with analytes flows by mixing tee to the reaction coil, where DPPH reagent solution is supplied. The solution flow rate – 0,4 ml/min. The reaction coil is connected with UV/Vis type detector, which measures absorption of flowing solution at wave length of 520 nm. It was dermined that vitexin rhamnoside, the dominant compound in the leaves of Crataegus monogyna, is not significant radical sacavenger. The most active antioxidant in leaves and the flowers of C. monogyna is chlorogenic acid. The most active antioxidant in Origanum vulgare raw materials is rosmarinic acid. Identified analytes in the extracts of Achillea millefolium that possessed radical scavenging properties were chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin and luteolin.
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Soares, Luiz Alberto Lira. "Padronização de extrato aquoso e desenvolvimento de produto seco por aspersão de Phyllanthus niruri L. - Euphorbiaceae (quebra-pedra)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/144083.
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Constituiu objetivo deste trabalho o desenvolvimento tecnológico de formas farmacêuticas obtidas a partir de Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae), incluso no Projeto de Pesquisa de Plantas Medicinais da Central de Medicamentos. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidas metodologias analíticas capazes de avaliar a qualidade da matéria-prima, das ações de transformação, dos produtos intermediários e do produto final. Estudaram-se técnicas de preparação de soluções extrativas e de produto seco por aspersão. O estudo da metodologia adaptada para quantificação de flavonóides na matéria-prima, demonstrou desvio da linearidade de resposta com o aumento da massa da amostra, limitando o seu emprego as condições fixadas neste trabalho. O teor de flavonóides totais do material vegetal foi de 0,80 g % (m/m). A solução extrativa empregada no desenvolvimento do produto seco foi selecionada através da realização do planejamento fatorial 2 3, onde foram avaliados os fatores: método de extração (decocção e infusão), relação droga solvente (2,5 e 7,5:100) e tempo de extração (5 e 15 min), utilizando como parâmetro de decisão o teor de flavonóides totais. A solução extrativa selecionada foi obtida através de decocção durante 15 minutos das partes aéreas moídas na proporção 7,5:100 (m/V). O emprego da mesma metodologia quantitativa aplicada a matéria-prima e ao produto intermediário mostrou a existência de erro sistemático proporcional com o aumento da concentração das amostras. Entretanto, alcançou-se comportamento linear, com ausência de erros sistemáticos, empregando-se amostras de menor concentração. O produto seco por aspersão foi obtido em torre de secagem, a partir da solução extrativa selecionada, adicionada de dióxido de silício coloidal a 30% do resíduo seco. Tanto a operação de secagem quanto a adição de dióxido de silício coloidal não causaram interferência nas análises qualitativas e quantitativas, obtendo-se uma taxa de recuperação, calculado como flavonóides totais, de 99%.Phyllanthus niruri L. is a medicinal plant used in Brazil mainly against genitourinary disorders. Despite of its wide use in the folk medicine and in the pharmaceutical industry no attempts were done to provide technological knowledge in order to obtain pharmaceutical dosage forms with adequate and constant quality. The governmental program on medicinal, managed by the Brazilian Drug Agency CEME, developed pharmacological, chemical and botanical studies for this plant in a feasible dosage form, the technological development spray-dried product starting from Phyllanthus niruri was the aim of this work. For such purpose quality control and production methods for the plant raw material, aqueous extracts and spray-dried product were proposed and studied. The total flavonoid assay method for the plant raw material showed a lack of linearity at extremes high and low concentration, but, however, linear at the middle values. The extractive solution was selected through a 2 3 factorial design, considering the extraction method (decoction and infusion), plant to solvent proportion (2.5 and 7.5:100 w/v) and extraction time (5 and 15 minutes). The total flavonoids content was employed as decision parameter. The chose extractive solution was obtained by 15 min decoction of a plant to solvent ratio of 7.5 :100 (w/v). The assay method was not influenced by the amount of the plant used in the extract, but by the aliquot size. The spray dried product was prepared using colloidal silicon dioxide as drying excipient. The spray drying process and the excipient did not interfere on the qualitative and quantitative profile of the product.The total flavonoid recovery was around 99 % (w/w). The final product showed a low residual humidity content, but limited stability when exposed to high moisture atmospheres.
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Amorim, João Pedro Pereira. "Interacções de alimentos/álcool/plantas medicinais com fármacos – o papel do farmacêutico." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/2520.
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Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Ciências FarmacêuticasAlterações de ordem funcional e/ou estrutural implicam, muitas vezes, a administração de fármacos, preferencialmente por via oral, cujo objectivo é restabelecer a saúde. As interacções alimento-fármaco (IAF), fármaco-álcool e fármaco-plantas medicinais, embora muitas vezes desprezadas, devem ser objecto de reflexão aquando da avaliação da eficácia do fármaco e do estado nutricional do doente. Apesar das consequências destas interacções serem raramente graves e fatais, surgem frequentemente reacções adversas e respostas farmacológicas diferentes das pretendidas. O crescente envelhecimento da população mundial torna os idosos um alvo especial no estudo destas interacções, exigindo uma revisão das terapêuticas farmacológicas instituídas bem como um melhor aconselhamento pelos diversos profissionais de saúde. Este trabalho de investigação visa a sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde, realçando especialmente o papel do Farmacêutico, para a importância de considerar as interacções citadas anteriormente como factor interveniente no efeito medicamentoso e no estado nutricional. Com vista a tal objectivo, é necessária uma sistematização das intervenções farmacêuticas, bem como o seu registo e divulgação num sistema de informação comum aos vários profissionais de saúde. Functional and/or structural changes lead to the use of drugs whose purpose is the restoration of health. The food-drug interaction (FDI), drug-alcohol interaction and food-herbal medicines interaction, although often overlooked, deserves careful reflection to evaluate the effectiveness of a medicinal and nutritional status of the patient. However such interactions rarely cause fatal consequences, the emergence of adverse effects and various pharmacological responses are relatively common. The growing aging of mundial population makes the elderly, special target in the study of these interactions, requiring a revision of established drug therapies as well as better advice by many health professionals. This study attempts to sensitize the health professionals about the importance of considering these interactions as a factor intervening in the drug effect and nutritional status. This requires a classification of pharmaceutical interventions, as well as its registration and disclosure in an information system common to various health professionals.
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Satomi, Lucilia Cristina. "Estudo da aplicabilidade do processo de descontaminação de drogas vegetais empregando óxido de etileno." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-14062016-185155/.
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O consumo de plantas medicinais no país tem aumentado de maneira significativa nas últimas décadas. Dados da Organização mundial de Saúde estimam que 80% da população mundial usam plantas medicinais como alternativa terapêutica. No entanto, pouca informação se encontra disponível sobre os constituintes dos mesmos, bem como sobre o potencial de riscos à saúde humana. Assim, questões relacionadas à qualidade dessas drogas apresentam fundamental importância. Em função de sua origem, a carga microbiana detectada em drogas vegetais pode ser considerada normalmente elevada, oferecendo riscos potenciais ao usuário. Desta forma, a avaliação de sua qualidade sanitária bem como a utilização de processos descontaminantes constituem-se em etapas importantes no que se refere ao aspecto de segurança ao consumidor. Portanto o objetivo deste trabalho foi a determinação dos níveis de contaminação, a pesquisa de indicadores patogênicos; além da eficácia da exposição de 30 e 60 minutos ao gás óxido de etileno, a determinação de residuais tóxicos e a verificação de possíveis alterações nos níveis de marcadores em amostras de Matricaria recutita L., Cynara scolimus L., Paulinia cupana H.B.K. e Ginkgo biloba L. proveniente de três fornecedores diferentes. Todas as drogas vegetais analisadas continham elevados níveis de bactérias e fungos, na ordem de 105 ufc/g, além de terem sido detectados microrganismos patogênicos nas amostras estudadas. Entretanto após a exposição destas por 30 e 60 minutos ao gás óxido de etileno, observou-se a eliminação de cerca de 90% e 99,8% respectivamente. No que se refere aos patógenos específicos a exposição de 30 minutos foi capaz de eliminá-los completamente. Os níveis residuais de óxido de etileno nas drogas vegetais analisadas, foram reduzidos a índices aceitáveis após 14 dias de aeração ambiental, já os níveis de etilenoglicol e etilenocloridrina mantiveram-se dentro do limite da sensibilidade do método adotado. Com relação à análise de principios ativos naturais, não houve alteração nas concentrações dos marcadores das drogas vegetais camomila, ginkgo biloba e guaraná analisadas mesmo após ciclo de exposição de 60 minutos ao gás óxido de etileno. Sendo assim verifica-se a necessidade da adoção de métodos de descontaminação microbiana com o intuito de fornecer um produto mais seguro para o consumo humano visto que estes são por vezes consumidos por enfermos, idosos e crianças com a saúde comprometida. Pode-se concluir também que o processo de descontaminação de drogas vegetais por óxido de etileno é um processo eficaz e seguro, desde que sejam adotados os requisitos de segurança necessários que infelizmente, nem sempre são adotadas no mercado nacionalThe consumption of medicinal plants has significantly increased in Brazil in the last decades. Data from the World Health Organization estimate that 80% of the world population use medicinal plants as a therapeutic alternative. However, little information is available about their components and their potential risks to human health. Thus every subject related to the quality of those drugs is of fundamental importance. Due to their natural origin, the bioburden detected in vegetal drugs often be considered high, what is a potencial risk to their consumers. These can have their safety assure; however, through the evaluation of the drugs microbial quality and the use of decontamination processes. Therefore the aim of this work was the determination of the microbial contamination levels and the research of pathogenics microorganisms; besides the efficacy of a 30 to 60 minutes exposure to ethylene oxide of bacteria, moulds and yeasts and also the determination of toxic residues and the verification of possible alterations in the leveIs of marker compounds in samples of Matricaria recutita L., Cynara scolimus L., Paulinia cupana H.B.K. and Ginkgo biloba L., deriving from three different suppliers. All the analyzed medicinal plants presented high levels of bacteria, moulds and yeasts, around 105 ufc/g, and pathogenic microorganisms have also been detected in the samples. However after their exposure ethylene oxide exposition for 30 and 60 minutes, an elimination of about 90% and 99,8%, respectively, was observed. The presence of the pathogenic microorganisms was completely eliminated after 30 minutes of exposure to gas. The residual leveis of ethylene oxide in the analyzed medicinal plants were reduced to acceptable levels after 14 days of environmental aeration. As for the ethylene glicol and ethylene chlorhidrin levels, these were within the sensibility limits of the adopted method. No alteration was observed in chamomile, ginkgo biloba and guaraná, regarding the marker compounds concentration, even after a 60 minutes cycle exposure to ethylene oxide gas. The results led us to the conclusion that microbial decontamination methods are necessary in order to provide safer products to consumers, as they are often consumed by sick people, among which several elders and children. We can also conclude that the decontamination process of medicinal drugs through ethylene oxide is an effective and safe process, provided the necessary safety requirements are adopted, what doesn\'t always happen.
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Sekhonyana-Khetsekile, Mabolaeng. "The development and preparation of a quality control dossier for registration of Artemisia Afra capsules for the treatment of chronic Asthma by the South African health products regulatory authority." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6432.
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Magister Pharmaceuticae - MpharmThe aim of this study was to determine quality control specifications needed for a dossier and an investigator's brochure of A. afra capsules, which can be used to motivate the registration and clinical testing of A. afra capsules in chronic asthma. The specific objectives were: (1) to establish the minimum product quality requirements for registration of A. afra capsules, (2) to prepare and pharmaceutically characterize a capsule product of A. afra freeze dried aqueous extract (FDAE) suitable for registration, and (3) to identify pharmaceutical product quality aspects of an investigator's brochure (IB) that would be appropriate for use in motivating a clinical trial of A. afra capsules in chronic asthma.
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Hoa, Nguyen Khanh. "Assessment of anti-diabetic effect of Vietnamese herbal drugs /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-585-2/.
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Bezerra, Beatriz Pinheiro. "Desenvolvimento e valida??o de m?todo anal?tico para determina??o de teor de ?cido g?lico e catequina no fitoter?pico sanativo? por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13475.
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The herbal medicine Sanativo? is produced by the Pernambucano Laboratory since 1888 with indications of healing and hemostasis. It is composed of a fluid extract about Piptadenia colubrina, Schinus terebinthifolius, Cereus peruvianus and Physalis angulata. Among the plants in their composition, S. terebinthifolius and P. colubrina have in common phenolic compounds which are assigned most of its pharmacological effects. The tannins, gallic acid and catechin were selected as markers for quality control. The aim of this study was the development and validation of analytical method by HPLC/UV/DAD for the separation and simultaneous quantification of gallic acid (GAC) and catechin (CTQ) in Sanativo?. The chromatographic system was to stationary phase, C-18 RP column, 4,6 x 150 mm (5 mm) under a temperature of 35 ? C, detection at 270 and 210 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid and methanol in the proportions 88:12 (v/v), a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The analytical method presented a retention factor of 0.30 and 1.36, tail factor of 1.8 and 1.63 for gallic acid and catechin, respectively, resolution of 18.2, and theoretical plates above 2000. The method validation parameters met the requirements of Resolution n ? 899 of May 29, 2003, ANVISA. The correlation coefficient of linear regression analysis for GAC and CTQ from the standard solution was 0.9958 and 0.9973 and when performed from the Sanativo? 0.9973 and 0.9936, the matrix does not interfere in the range 70 to 110 %. The limits of detection and quantification for GAC and CQT were 3.25 and 0.863, and 9.57 and 2.55 mg/mL, respectively. The markers, GAC and CQT, showed repetibility (coefficient of variation of 0.94 % and 2.36 %) and satisfactory recovery (100.02 ? 1.11 % and 101.32 ? 1.36 %). The method has been characterized selective and robust quantification of GAC and CTQ in the Sanativo? and was considered validated
O medicamento fitoter?pico Sanativo? ? produzido pelo Laborat?rio Pernambucano desde 1888 com indica??es de cicatrizante e hemost?tico. Trata-se de um extrato fluido composto por Piptadenia colubrina, Schinus terebinthifolius, Cereus peruvianus e Physalis angulata. Dentre as plantas de sua composi??o, S. terebinthifolius e P. colubrina possuem em comum compostos fen?licos aos quais ? atribu?da a maior parte de seus efeitos farmacol?gicos. Os taninos, ?cido g?lico e catequina foram selecionados como marcadores para controle de qualidade desse medicamento. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o desenvolvimento e valida??o de m?todo anal?tico por CLAE/UV/DAD para separa??o e quantifica??o simult?nea de ?cido g?lico (ACG) e catequina (CQT) no fitoter?pico Sanativo?. O sistema cromatogr?fico teve como fase estacion?ria, coluna RP C-18, 4,6 x 150 mm (5 μm), sob a temperatura de 35 ?C, detec??o em 270 e 210 nm. A fase m?vel foi composta por ?cido trifluoroac?tico 0,05 % e metanol nas propor??es 88:12 (v/v), sob vaz?o de 1 ml/min. O m?todo anal?tico desenvolvido apresentou um fator de reten??o de 0,30 e 1,36, fator de cauda de 1,8 e 1,63, para ?cido g?lico e catequina, respectivamente, resolu??o de 18,2, al?m de pratos te?ricos acima de 2000. O m?todo atendeu os par?metros de valida??o exigidos na Resolu??o RE n? 899, de 29 de maio de 2003, da ANVISA. O coeficiente de correla??o da an?lise de regress?o linear para ACG e CQT a partir da solu??o padr?o foi de 0,9958 e 0,9973 e a partir do Sanativo? foi de 0,9973 e 0,9936, a matriz do fitoter?pico n?o interfere no intervalo de 70 a 110%. Os limites de detec??o e de quantifica??o para ACG e CTQ foram de 3,25 e 0,863, e 9,57 e 2,55 μg/mL, respectivamente. Os marcadores, ACG e CTQ, apresentaram repetibilidade (coeficientes de varia??o de 0,94 % e 2,36 %) e recupera??o satisfat?ria (100,02 ? 1,11 % e 101,32 ? 1,36 %). O m?todo ainda se caracterizou seletivo e robusto para quantifica??o de ACG e CQT no Sanativo? e foi considerado validado
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Mohd, Fuat Abd Razak. "Toxicological and microbiological status of some commercial herbal drugs from Malaysia." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426428.
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Rosenbaum, Christopher D. "Herbal Marijuana Alternatives Investigation: K2 and Spice: A Masters Thesis." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/578.
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Background
Herbal marijuana alternatives (HMA), legal plant products adulterated with synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists, represent a growing public health concern. Only a few case reports describe HMA and synthetic cannabinoid’s clinical toxicity. We describe an outbreak of HMA abuse primarily in the Midwest, the clinical presentation of HMA toxicity, and clinical and forensic testing.
Methods
During the course of ongoing surveillance for emerging drugs of abuse between November 2009 and August 2010, we retrospectively and prospectively identified a convenience sample comprising 81 cases of abuse of HMA products. Subject demographics, vital signs, lab results and urine were obtained (when available) and tested via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Samples of HMAs and synthetic cannabinoids were also analyzed via GCMS.
Results
HMA users were predominantly young males who inhaled HMAs. Analysis of their urine detected synthetic cannabinoid parent compound in one subject. GCMS analysis of synthetic cannabinoids established a reference library that confirmed the presence of synthetic cannabinoids in sampled HMA products.
Conclusion
HMA products were available in head shops, gas stations, and via the Internet. We have confirmed the presence of synthetic cannabinoids in these HMA products. The tachycardia, hypertension, agitation, anxiety, vomiting and hallucinations observed in this convenience sample are not readily explained by the presence of synthetic cannabinoids acting on CB1 and CB2 receptors. Further research must be done on HMA products and their abusers.
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Sachdeva, Karuna. "Regulation of cytochrome P450-3A (CYP3A) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) : implications to drug-drug interactions /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3186919.
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Philipp, Anika-Anina Verfasser], and Hans H. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Maurer. "Studies on the phase I and II metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the alkaloids of the herbal drug of abuse Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (Kratom) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled to low- and high-resolution linear ion trap mass spectrometry / Anika-Anina Philipp. Betreuer: Hans H. Maurer." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1051284848/34.
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Lehmann, Hélène. "Le médicament à base de plantes en Europe : statut, enregistrement, contrôles." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936734.
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La phytothérapie consiste en l'utilisation thérapeutique de plantes ou de médicaments à base de plantes, sous forme de spécialités pharmaceutiques, de préparations (magistrales ou officinales) ou de produits officinaux divisés. On entend par médicament à base de plantes (MABP) " tout médicament dont les substances actives sont exclusivement une ou plusieurs substances végétales ou préparations à base de plantes ou une association d'une ou de plusieurs substances végétales ou préparations à base de plantes ". Il s'agit donc de médicaments à part entière qui sont ainsi soumis aux mêmes exigences de qualité que celles requises pour tout autre médicament. La directive 2004/24/CE, permet toutefois quelques assouplissements autorisant à fournir des données toxicologiques et cliniques purement bibliographiques, lorsque les conditions requises pour pouvoir bénéficier d'un tel "enregistrement de l'usage traditionnel" sont remplies. Quant aux médicaments dont l'usage médical est "bien établi", ils peuvent également faire l'objet d'une dispense d'essais cliniques, mais les données toxicologiques les concernant doivent néanmoins être fournies. Cette législation européenne vise à garantir au patient la qualité, la sécurité et l'efficacité des remèdes qu'il consomme, à permettre le libre choix thérapeutique, la libre circulation des médicaments au sein de l'Union Européenne ainsi que la préservation des ressources naturelles végétales et le respect de la propriété intellectuelle et pourrait inspirer d'autres pays du monde qui ne disposent pas à ce jour des outils législatifs nécessaires à la réglementation de leurs remèdes traditionnels, en particulier les pays africains.
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Gonzalez, Fabiana Gaspar. "Estudo farmacognóstico e farmacológico de Caesalpinia ferrea Martius." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-09042014-140127/.
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Caesalpinia férrea Martius, popularmente conhecida como pau-ferro e jucá, é utilizada na medicina tradicional para o tratamento de problemas hepáticos, respiratórios e, em especial, para distúrbios gastrintestinais e como cicatrizante. Deste modo, os objetivos do presente trabalho visaram avaliar os extratos brutos liofilizados de folha (EBLF) e caule (EBLC) quanto a caracterização botânica, o estudo químico e farmacológico, direcionando principalmente, às ações antiúlcera, antioxidante e cicatrizante, e toxicidade destes órgãos vegetais de C. ferrea. A triagem fitoquímica foi realizada com a droga vegetal constituída de folha (DF) e de caule (DC), bem como com os seus EBLF e EBLC. Os métodos empregados foram preconizados por Farnsworth (1966) e Matos (1988) onde foram pesquisados os seguintes compostos: flavonóides, glicósidos cardiotônicos, saponinas, antraderivados, alcalóides, cumarinas, taninos e óleo essencial. Além disso, foi realizada a quantificação de taninos e flavonóides segundo a metodologia proposta na Farmacopéia Européia (2001) e na Farmacopéia Brasileira (2003), respectivamente. Para a avaliação da Toxicidade de C. ferrea foram realizadas a Toxicidade Aguda de ambos os órgãos vegetais, a DL50 do EBLF e a Toxicidade subcrônica do EBLF e EBLC, todos os modelos seguiram a metodologia de Brito (1994). Para análise da atividade antiulcerogênica da espécie em estudo foi realizado o teste da indução de lesão gástrica aguda por etanol/HCI e lesão subcrônica por ácido acético. Grupos Tratados receberam EBLF ou EBLC ou frações ou extratos enriquecidos em flavonóides, Grupo Controle água ou tween 80 e Grupo de Referência Misoprostol ou Cimetidina. Três parâmetros foram avaliados neste modelo: Área Total de Lesão (ATL) , Área Relativa de Lesão (ARL) e índice de Lesão Ulcerativa (ILU). A atividade antioxidante \"in vitro\" foi medida através da inibição da autoxidação de homogenato de cérebro de Ratos (Stocks et aI., 1974). Os extratos foram solubilizados em etanol 70% e as diluições (0.05-0.003mg/mL) foram efetuadas em etanol 35%. O etanol 35% foi utilizado como controle. E na avaliação da Atividade Cicatrizante, os animais (ratos) sofreram uma incisão na região dorsal com auxílio de punch. Os Grupos Tratados receberam diariamente 1 mL de EBLF ou EBLC, solubilizados a 15% em água, e o Grupo Controle água destilada na mesma proporção por um período de 14 dias. Na triagem fitoquímica foram detectados para ambos os extratos, flavonóides, taninos, além de antraderivados e cumarinas nas Folhas. A porcentagem encontrada de Taninos na DF foi de 7.13% e no EBLF de 23.95% e na DC foi de 2.26% e no EBLC de 11.77%. Já a quantificação de flavonóides foi de 0.0095% na DF, 0.026% no EBLF, 0.00014% na DC e de 0.0017% no EBLC. No teste de toxicidade aguda, somente os animais que receberam EBLF apresentaram alterações comportamentais a partir dos primeiros tempos de observação e morte de 3 animais machos e 2 fêmeas (n=5/sexo). Dessa forma, a DL50 encontrada para este extrato vegetal foi de 5471.64 mg/Kg para as fêmeas e de 3112.94 mg/Kg para os machos. Na Toxicidade subcrônica, apenas os animais fêmeas que receberam EBLC (800 mg/Kg) apresentaram uma diferença significativa, em relação ao grupo controle, quanto ao peso do rim, porém não foi encontrada nenhuma alteração histológica neste órgão. EBLF e EBLC apresentaram significativa atividade antiulcerogênica no modelo de lesão gástrica aguda dentro dos parâmetros avaliados. O EBLC reduziu em 37% a ARL. Já o EBLF foi tão ativo como o Misoprostol reduzindo em 95%, 81% e 63% a ATL, a ARL e o ILU, respectivamente contra 92%, 70% e 59% do fármaco de referência. Porém, as frações e os extratos enriquecidos em flavonóides obtidos de ambos os extratos brutos liofilizados não apresentaram atividade antiulcerogênica em nenhum dos 3 parâmetros. Esses mesmos resultados foram obtidos no modelo de lesão gástrica subcrônica para ambos os extratos vegetais. Os EBLF e EBLC de C. ferrea promoveram uma atividade antioxidante de 94% e 84%, respectivamente, na concentração de 0.8196 µg/mL, e um Q 1/2de 0.2331 (Folha) e 0.5061 (Caule) µg/mL. Na avaliação da atividade cicatrizante de ambos os extratos vegetais, não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os Grupos Tratados e Controle. No laudo histológico não se observou nenhum sinal de cicatrização tecidual. Apesar de C. ferrea ser utilizada pela população como cicatrizante, não foi possível confirmar tal atividade nas folhas e nos caules desta espécie.Caesalpinia ferrea Martius , populary, known as iron-wood or juca, is utilized in traditional medicine in the treatment of both hepatic and respiratory problems and, in special, for gastrointestinals disturbances and eventual healing. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the leiophyllized brute extracts of the leaf (lBEl) and the stem (lBES), the botanic caracterization, the chemical and pharmacological studies, focuzing principally, the antiulcer and healing action, and also the toxicity of these vegetable organs of C. ferrea. The phytochemical was ma de with the drug of the leaf (DL) and of the stem (DS)- LaEL and lBES. The method was precognized by Famsworth (1966) e Matos (1988) where doing research of: flavonoids, cardiotonic glicosids, saponins, antraderivates, alkaloids, coumarins, tannins and essential oi!. Beyond that, the quantification of tannins and flavonoids according to the metodology proposed in European Pharmacopeia (2001) and Brazilian Pharmacopeia (2003) were also undertaken, respectively. For the evaluation of the C. ferrea toxicity, the acute toxicity of both vegetable organs, the DL50 of LBEL and the subcronical toxicity of LBEL and LBES, were analyzed following the metodology of Brito (1994).The test of induction of acute gastric lesion for ethanol/HCI was used for antiulcerogenic activity analysis of the species studied. Treated Groups received LBEL or LBES or fractions or extracts enrich in flavonoids, Controls Groups water or tween 80 and misoprostol Reference Group. Three parameters were evaluated considering: Total Area of Lesion (TAL), Relative Area of Lesion (RAL) and Rate of Ulcerative Lesion (RUL). And for evaluation of subcronic gastric lesion by acetic acid 30%, the Treated Group received LBEL or LBES, Control Group water and cimetidine Reference Group. The ulcerative lesions were evaluated only in 2 parameters: RAL and RUL. An antioxidant activity \"in vitro\" was measured through inibition of antioxidation of homogenate of rat brain (Stocks et aI., 1974). The extracts were solubilized in ethanol 70% and dilutions (0.05-0.003mg/mL) were performed in ethanol 35%. The ethanol 35% was utilized like control. And for evaluation of healing activity, the animals (rats) suffered na incision in the dorsal region with a punch aid. The Treated Groups received daily 1mL of LBEL or LBES, solubilized by 15% in water, and Control Group distilled in the same proportion during a 14 day period. In phytochemical were detected for both extacts, flavonoids, tannins., beyond antradderivate and coumarins in leaves. The percentages of tannins found were 7.13% in DL, 23.95% in LBEL, 2.26% in OS and 11.77% in LBES. The quantification of flavonoids was 0.0095% in DL, 0.026% in LBEL, 0.00014% in DS and 0.0017% in LBES. During the acute toxicity test, it was observed a behaviour alteration among animais that received LBEL up tp the first time of observation and death pof 3 males and 2 females. The DL50 found to this vegetable extract was 5471.64 mg/Kg for the females and 3112.94 mg/Kg for the males. In subronic toxicity, only the females receiving LBES (800mg/Kg) presented a significant difference, according to the Control Group, as much as the weight of a kidney. However, no histologic alteration in this organ was found. LBEL and LBES presented antiulcerogenic significant activity in acute gstric lesions, based on the parameters evaluated. The LBES was reduced to 37% in RAL. The LBEL was so active as the misoprostol, being reducid to 95%,81% and 63% TAL, RAL and the RUL, respectively against 92%, 70% and 59% of pharmaco of reference. Nevertheless, nor the fractions nor the flavonoids enriched extracts obtained from both leiophyllized brute extracts showed antiulcerogenic activity at the 3 studied parameters. Up to the present time, in model subcronic gastric lesion, none of both vegetable extracts in question has showed active similar to TAL, RAL and RUL in relation to the Control Group. The LBEL and LBES of C. ferrea promoved an antioxidant activity of 93,56% and 84,38%, respectively, in concentration of de 0.8196 µg/mL, and a Q1/2 of 0.2331 (leaf) and 0.5061 (Stem) µg/mL. Conceming the healing activity evaluation of both vegetable extracts, no significant differences between Treats and Control Groups were found. Also in histologic award, no sign of tecidual cicatrization was observed. In spite of the fact that C. ferrea has been utilized by the population as cicatrizant, no clear evidence of its leaves and stems healing activity has been confirmed.
26
Yah, ju Tsai, and 蔡亞如. "Study of the effect of concentrated compound Chinese herbal medicine on CYP3A activity in herbal-drug interactions." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43607858463895896291.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防醫學院
藥學研究所
95
The increased public interest of coadministration of Chinese herbal medicine with Western medicine has raised an important issue of drug interaction. Drug-drug interactions may result a loss in therapeutic efficacy or may induce the toxic effects. Many Chinese herbal medicine and prescription drugs have been found to have interactions. Recently, many studies have indicated that herbal drug interaction is related to Cytochrome P450 (CYP450), the most abundant enzyme in human liver and is highly expressed in the intestinal tract. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Chinese herbal medicine on CYP450 and to investigate the possible interactions of Chinese herbal medicine and Western medicine. The 24 concentrated compound Chinese herbal medicines used in this study were referring to the order list of National Social Health Care System and Customs of Medicine use in Taiwan. These 24 concentrated compound Chinese herbal medicines were screened for the activity of CYP3A using human liver microsomes for in vitro study. 10 Chinese herbal medicines were selected for the in vivo test due to their inhibition effects on CYP3A. There were 2 groups for the in vivo study, short term and long term study. The in vivo study was performed by using the Sprague – Dawley (SD) rats. The short term study was carried out by orally administered concentrated compound Chinese herbal medicine to SD rats 3 times daily for 7 days followed by orally administered midazolam, a CYP3A substrate, on the 8th day. Pharmacokinetic parameters (i.e. AUC, Cmax) were observed to determine whether the metabolism of midazolam was affected by the Chinese herbal medicines or had the possible herbal – drug interaction. The SD rats were sacrificed and the livers and intestines were taken for the determination of CYP3A activity using testosterone as a model drug. 5 concentrated compound Chinese herbal medicines were selected for the long term in vivo study. The long term study was performed by giving the 5 concentrated compound Chinese herbal medicines orally to SD rats 3 times daily for 14 days followed by midazolam on the 15th day. The result of short term study showed that the Cmax and AUC of midazolam increased significantly when orally administered Cang Er Zi San and Long-Daan-Shiah-Gan-Tang. The clearance was also increased significantly when orally administered Zhi-Bai-Di-Huang-Wan. On the other hand, the result for the long term study showed that the Cmax and AUC of midazolam decreased significantly when orally administered Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Zhi-Bai-Di-Huang-Wan and Ban-Xia-Xie-Xin-Tang. According to the results of short term study, Cmax, AUC, and the activity of CYP3A of liver and intestine showed negative correlations, but the clearance of midazolam showed a positive correlation. Moreover, the ratio of AUC for 1’-OH-midazolam and midazolam and the activity of CYP3A showed significant positive correlation.
27
"Effects of hepato-protective herbal medicines on gene expression in rat hepatocytes and hepatoma cells." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891192.
Full textAbstract:
Chan Chun-pong.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-176).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgements --- p.i
Abstract --- p.ii
摘要 --- p.iii
Abbreviation --- p.iv
Table of contents --- p.v
List of figures --- p.xi
List of tables --- p.xvi
Chapter Chapter 1 --- introduction
Chapter 1.1 --- Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Liver disorders in Asia Pacific region --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Classification of liver disorders --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Hepatitis --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Hepatitis A virus infection --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Hepatitis B virus infection --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Hepatitis C virus infection --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.1.4 --- Hepatitis D virus infection --- p.12
Chapter 1.3.1.5 --- Hepatitis E virus infection --- p.12
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Cancer of the liver --- p.13
Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Hepatocellular carcinoma --- p.13
Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Cholangiocarcinoma --- p.14
Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Metastatic liver cancer --- p.14
Chapter 1.4 --- Conventional treatment of liver disorders --- p.14
Chapter 1.5 --- Role of traditional Chinese medicines in hepatoprotective functions --- p.16
Chapter 1.5.1 --- Abri Herba (Abrus Cantoniensis Hance) --- p.17
Chapter 1.5.2 --- Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptidis chinensis Franch) --- p.18
Chapter 1.5.3 --- Fructus Forsythia (Forsythia suspense (Thunb) Vahl) --- p.22
Chapter 1.6 --- Molecular studies of hepatoprotective effects of TCMs --- p.26
Chapter 1.6.1 --- Roles of detoxofication enzymes in hepatoprotection --- p.27
Chapter 1.6.2 --- Studies of growth-related genes in cell cycle control --- p.29
Chapter 1.7 --- Aims of project --- p.32
Chapter 1.8 --- Application of the project --- p.33
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Methods and materials --- p.34
Chapter 2.1 --- Screening of traditional Chinese medicines --- p.35
Chapter 2.2 --- Preparation of TCMs --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Preparation of aqueous extracts of TCMs --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Preparation of active components of TCMs --- p.36
Chapter 2.3 --- In vitro assays --- p.40
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Cell culture --- p.40
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Cytotoxicity test --- p.40
Chapter 2.4 --- Screening of expressed gene induced by TCMs --- p.41
Chapter 2.4.1 --- RNA preparation --- p.41
Chapter 2.4.2 --- cDNA array hybridization --- p.42
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Reverse Transcription --- p.43
Chapter 2.5 --- Confirmation of expressed genes induced by TCMs --- p.44
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Semi-quantitative PCR analysis --- p.44
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Northern blot analysis --- p.46
Chapter 2.6 --- Studies of effects of TCMs in gene expression --- p.47
Chapter 2.6.1 --- Dosage-course study --- p.47
Chapter 2.6.2 --- Time-course study --- p.48
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.50
Chapter 3.1 --- "Cytotoxicity test of A.H., R.C. and F.F" --- p.51
Chapter 3.2 --- "Molecular screening of expressed gene induced by A.H., R.C., F.F" --- p.58
Chapter 3.3 --- Confirmation of expressed gene using semi-quantitative RT- PCR --- p.70
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Dosage-course and time-course studies of A.H. using RT- PCR --- p.70
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Dosage-course and time-course studies of R.C. using RT- PCR --- p.94
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Dosage-course and time-course studies of A.H. using RT- PCR --- p.113
Chapter 3.4 --- Confirmation of expressed gene using northern blot anaylsis --- p.118
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Dosage-course and time-course studies of effects of A.H. and L- abrine in Northern blot analysis --- p.118
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Dosage-course and time-course studies of effects of R.C. and berberine in Northern blot analysis --- p.129
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Dosage-course and time-course studies of effects of F.Fin Northern blot analysis --- p.147
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.152
Chapter 4.1 --- "Roles of A.H., R.C. and F.F. in treatment and prevention of liver disorders" --- p.153
Chapter 4.2 --- "Cytotoxicity effect A.H., R.C., and F.F. in liver cells" --- p.153
Chapter 4.3 --- Effects of herbal medicines on the transcription of mRNA in liver cells --- p.155
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Effects of treatment of A.H. in liver at transcriptional level … --- p.155
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effects of treatment of R.C. in liver at transcriptional level … --- p.156
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effects of treatment of R.C. in liver at transcriptional level --- p.157
Chapter 4.4 --- Comparison of results of RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis --- p.157
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Comparison of the effects of time and dosage-course studies of DTD expression induced by A.H. and L-abrine --- p.157
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Comparison of the effects of time and dosage-course studies of p21;cip;waf1 expression induced by A.H. and L-abrine --- p.158
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Comparison of the effects of time and dosage-course studies of c-myc responsive protein; rcl expression induced by R.C. and berberine --- p.159
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Comparison of the effects of time and dosage-course studies of GST Ya expression induced by R.C. and berberine --- p.160
Chapter 4.4.5 --- Comparison of the effects of time and dosage-course studies of GST 7-7 expression induced by F.F --- p.160
Chapter 4.5 --- Biochemical significance of genes induced by hepatoprotective TCMs --- p.161
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Roles of significant expression of detoxifying enzymes induced by TCMs in liver cells --- p.161
Chapter 4.5.2 --- Roles of induction of growth-related c-myc responsive protein; rcl in R.C. treated liver cells --- p.167
Chapter 4.5.3 --- Roles of increased p21;cip;waf1 expression in A.H. treated liver cells --- p.168
Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.169
28
Yu, Shu-Juian, and 余淑絹. "Fu-Ling, a Chinese Herbal Drug, Modulates the Secretion of." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72326026348534180440.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立師範大學
生物學研究所
83
Fu-Ling, a widely used Chinese herbal drug, showed anti-tumor and immunoregulatory activities in recent research reports. In the present study, the possible effects of Fu-Ling on the IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta secretion by human peripheral monocytes were investigated. IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were the mutifunctional cytokines which regulated the immune response, stimulated hematopoiesis and augmented inflammatory response. TGF -beta, by contrast, suppressed certain immune functions including macrophage activation, cytokine-secretion and inflammatory response in general. Data obtaining from this study suggested that 50% hot ethanol extract of Fu-Ling significantly enhanced IL -1beta secretion ( P＜0.05 ) by monocytes within 24 hrs under in vitro condition. Under the same experimental condition, IL-6 and TNF-alpha secretion were significantly enhanced within 3 hrs ( P ＜0.05 ), but TGF-beta secretion was significantly suppressed within 3 hrs. The results implied that Fu-Ling might boost rather than suppress the immune functions. The active ingredients in Fu- Ling extract were partially purified using a reverse-phase chromatography on the basis of their diversity in the hydrophobicity. The ingredient(s) that enhanced TNF-alpha and suppressed TGF-beta secretion was localized at peak V and peak VI ( relatively high-hydrophobicity ). The ingredient(s) that enhanced IL-6 secretion was eluted in peak II to VI and the ingredient(s) that enhanced IL-1 secretion was separated in all six peaks. The ingredients in peak V and VI were futher analyzed by TLC and HPLC.The results suggested that the major ingredient(s) in peak V and VI might be an ergosterol-like compound. Finally, the experimental data suggested that the Fu- Ling extract might antagonize the immunosuppressive effect of Dexamethasone.
29
Chen, Chih-Wen, and 陳志文. "Investigation of Adverse Herbal Drug Reactions Research in Southern Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59819219869374182273.
Full textAbstract:
碩士高雄醫學大學
天然藥物研究所碩士班
95
The Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is often thought that it is tonics and there is no side effect, and used or mended excessively without further concern. In fact, the CHM has caused the problems in adverse drugs reactions（ADRs）, which are always ignored and people are unwilling to face them for a long time. The CHM adverse reactions have been reported in foreign countries occasionally, and serious cases even die. This has made international experts to pay attention to these adverse effects and make related regulations. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to make people to concern about adverse effects of CHM. Since herbal medicines can be prescribed differently by climate, seasons, regions, and living behavior, the ADRs of CHM study in this thesis focus on people who take CHM in southern Taiwan. In particular, we considered the people who have the side effects after taking CHM and then responded to related centers. On the basis of information in this research, 66 cases collected, and several interesting results have been found. Numbers of side effects of taking the crude drugs are less than patent or proceeding ones’. However, for the percentage of the side effects, the former is higher than the later. In addition, ADRs of CHM are mostly happened to the peoples over the age of 50. Furthermore, women have reported with adverse reactions of CHM more than men in gender. Finally, the five major classes of CHM having the ADRs are tonics, sedatives, antipyretics, diaphoretics, and blood disorder medicine. The complex formula medicine responed most frequently are listed in order：Jia-wei-xiao-yao san, Long-dan-xie-gan tang, Poshin tan-king, and Xin-yi san. The ADRs of single herbal medicine, there are mostly happened in usages of Glycyrrhizae Radix, Angelica sinensis, Pachyma hoelen, Rehmannia glutinosa, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Zingiber officinale, Panax ginseng, Atractylodes macrocephala, Bupleurum chinensis, and Ophiopogon japonicus. This research is the first time to make analysis and discussion in ADRs of CHM in southern Taiwan. We hope it will establish a model for future research in ADRs of CHM. Regarding the research results, ADRs of CHM happened close-related to age, gender, and property of medicine. The publics should dispel wrong thinkings that "Taking herbal medicine won’t die" and pay more attention to the patients'' age, gender, physiological state, and so on. In addition, pregnant women, old and weak people, children, and allergic physique people should use CHM carefully in order to ensure safety and effectiveness of CHM.
30
"Effects of erigerontis herba, its polyphenol-enriched fraction and erigerontis herba containing herbal formulae on metabolic syndrome: in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation." 2014. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1290695.
Full textAbstract:
Metabolic syndrome refers to clusters of risk factors (e.g. obesity, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver and hypertension) that would lead to development of cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of this disease is high and the therapeutic approaches are insufficient. Potential use of Chinese herbal medicines to target on metabolic syndrome has attracted great attention. Erigerontis Herba (EH) is a Chinese herb that is traditionally used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Its effect on diet-induced metabolic syndrome has not been previously investigated. The present study was the first investigation of the effects of Erigerontis Herba, Erigerontis containing herbal formulae and its polyphenol-enriched fraction (EHP) on diet-induced metabolic syndrome.To determine the effects of EH, EH-containing herbal formulae and EHP on obesity, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis and hypertension, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models were used. For in vitro studies, cholesterol uptake inhibition and adipogenesis differentiation assays were performed using Caco-2 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, respectively. Ex vivo organ bath studies were performed to determine the vasodilative effects, and respective underlying mechanisms were determined via inhibition of different pathways using corresponding blockers. In vivo animal model of high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome was performed using C57Bl/6 mice. Preventive effects of these herbal extracts were determined by supplementation of extract to high-fat diet for 8 weeks, followed by measurement of body weight, liver and adipose tissues weight, plasma lipid, plasma glucose and liver lipid. Proteins and genes expressions related to lipid metabolism were also determined using Western blotting and RT-PCR. Bioavailability of these herbal extracts were investigated using human intestinal Caco-2 cells monolayer.
Among all tested, EHP demonstrated most prominent effects in the inhibition of both cholesterol uptake and adipogenesis in vitro; and possessed significant vasodilative effects ex vivo, and also significant beneficial effects on obesity and hepatic steatosis in mice, but not on hyperlipidemia. EH-containing herbal formulae exhibited significant inhibitory effects on cholesterol uptake in Caco-2 cells. Among all tested, only DZ4 showed inhibitory effect on adipogenesis. EH, on the other hand, significantly inhibited adipogenesis but exerted no effect on cholesterol uptake. EH and EH-containing herbal formulae showed significant vasodilative effects in ex vivo studies. For in vivo studies, only DZ6 showed mild beneficial effects on diet-induced obesity (inguinal fat/body weight and peri-renal fat/body weight), hepatic steatosis and hyperlipidemia. EH alone showed no significant beneficial effects on high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. Preliminary bioavailability experiments suggested that all herbal preparations had relatively low bioavailability, although EHP had a comparative higher permeation ability through Caco-2 monolayer.
In conclusion, this is the first comprehensive study of the effects of EH (with or without other herbs) on diet-induced metabolic syndrome. EHP, a polyphenol-enriched fraction isolated from EH showed potent beneficial effect on diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis both in vitro and in vivo, as well as significant vasodilative effects ex vivo. These data suggested the potential for EHP to be developed as dietary supplementation for metabolic syndrome. The effects will be further determined in clinical trials in the future.
代謝綜合癥是多種心血管危險因子異常聚集的病理狀態，其病癥包括肥胖，高血脂，胰岛素抗性，高血糖，脂肪肝和高血壓等。它的發病率很高，但是目前治療以及預防這一疾病的措施尚不完善。近年來，用中藥治疗這一疾病引起人们廣大關注。燈盞細辛作為傳統中草藥經常用於心血管和腦血管疾病，但其對於代謝綜合癥是否有效有待研究發現。本課題組建立了高脂餵食引起代謝綜合癥模型，并探討了燈盞細辛，燈盞細辛複方，以及燈盞細辛你酚類對此疾病的療效及作用機制。
我們用體內，體外及離體模型研究了燈盞細辛，燈盞細辛複方以及燈盞細辛酚對於肥胖，高血脂，脂肪肝和高血壓的作用。我們用3T3-L1和Caco-2細胞模型研究了燈盞細辛相關提取物對於膽固醇吸收和脂肪生成的作用，用大鼠離體血管環體外實驗，研究了他們對於血管擴張的作用及其機制。另外，本課題組建立了高脂餵食小鼠代謝綜合癥模型，并探討了這些中藥提取物作為食物補充劑對於代謝綜合癥的作用。我們用實時定量PCR技術和蛋白質印跡技術測量了各種相關蛋白和基因的表達。此外，我們還用人的腸細胞單層轉運模型研究了這些中藥提取物的生物利用度。
體外實驗結果表明，四個燈盞細辛複方都有明顯抑制膽固醇吸收的作用，但是對於脂肪生成，只有複方DZ4有明顯抑制作用。燈盞細辛提取物可以明顯抑制脂肪生成，但是對膽固醇吸收卻沒有明顯作用。燈盞細辛酚對於兩者都具有明顯的抑制作用。另外，大鼠離體動血管環研究結果顯示，燈盞細辛複方，燈盞細辛提取物以及燈盞細辛酚都有明顯的擴張血管的作用。高脂餵食小鼠代謝綜合癥實驗結果結果顯示四個燈盞細辛複方中只有複方DZ6對於肥胖，脂肪肝和高血脂有作用。燈盞細辛對代謝綜合癥無明顯作用，但是燈盞細辛酚對于肥胖和脂肪肝卻有明顯抑制作用對於此代謝綜合癥小鼠模型。生物利用度相關研究結果顯示，燈盞細辛，燈盞細辛複方以及燈盞細辛酚的生物利用度都相對較低。
總括來說，我們綜合研究了燈盞細辛對於代謝綜合癥的藥效。燈盞細辛酚對於肥胖和脂肪肝在體內體外模型都顯示了較好的抑製作用。再加上其對於擴張血管有非常明顯的作用，它有潛能被發展為代謝綜合癥的治療預防方法。
Wang, Yanping.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 243-256).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 01, November, 2016).
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
31
"The scientific basis of Chinese herbal medicine: the use of verbascoside on management of exercise induced muscle fatigue and injury." 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073104.
Full textAbstract:
by Jing Xian Li.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese university of Hong Kong, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-151).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
32
"A study on a Chinese herbal medicine preparation to modulate post-injury swelling of the limb in-vitro and clinical studies." 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073730.
Full textAbstract:
by Zhao Xin."October 2004."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-260)
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
33
Sharma, Papita Bhandari. "Interactions between herbal medicines and conventional drug therapy in a memory clinic population." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=95229&T=F.
Full text
34
"Gou qi zi and zeaxanthin." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073243.
Full textAbstract:
Leung Yiu Fai Ivan."July 2000."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-101).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
35
Hou, Mei-Ling, and 侯媄菱. "Pharmacokinetics of rhein in Chinese herbal preparation and the herb-drug interactions with clozapine." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11934182750158473701.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立陽明大學
傳統醫藥研究所
103
Rhein is a pharmacological active component found in Rheum palmatum that is the major herb of the San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT), a medicinal herbal product for constipation remedy. Here we have investigated the comparative pharmacokinetics of rhein in normal and constipated rats. Microarray analysis was used to explore whether drug-metabolizing genes will be altered after herbal medicine treatment. Herb-drug interaction of rhein on pharmacokinetics of clozapine and changes in extracellular neurotransmitter levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) produced by administration of clozapine were studied. A sensitive and specific method combining ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and validated to simultaneously quantify six active compounds in the pharmaceutical herbal product SHXXT. The pharmacokinetic data of rhein demonstrate that the herbal formulae or the single herbal crude extract significantly increase the higher absorption rate than the pure compound. This phenomenon suggests that the other herbal ingredients of SHXXT and rhubarb extract significantly enhance the absorption of rhein in rats. However, loperamide-induced constipation reduced the absorption of rhein. Gene expression profiling in drug-metabolizing genes after oral dosage with SHXXT for 7 days was investigated by microarray analysis. Gene expression indicates that five drug-metabolizing genes, including Cyp7a1, Cyp2c6, Ces2e, Atp1b1, and Slc7a2 were significantly regulated after the SHXXT treatments. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrate that clozapine produced a nonlinear pharmacokinetics within the doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg orally. The results of the herb-drug interaction of rhein on pharmacokinetics of clozapine and norclozapine in the rat mPFC demonstrate that pretreatment with rhein for 7 days significantly attenuated the absorption of clozapine and affected the distribution of clozapine and norclozapine in the mPFC. Furthermore, pretreatment with rhein for 7 days influenced the DA and it metabolites (DOPAC and HVA) efflux in the mPFC.
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"A prospective longitudinal observational study on the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine in advanced cancer patients." 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894361.
Full textAbstract:
Wong, Ka Yee.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-189).
Abstracts in English and Chinese; includes Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
摘要 --- p.iii
Acknowledgements --- p.v
Table of Contents --- p.vii
List of Appendices --- p.xi
List of Tables --- p.xii
List of Figures --- p.xiv
Abbreviations --- p.xvi
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Background to the study --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Epidemiology of cancer --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Incidence and mortality in the World --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- Incidence and mortality in Hong Kong --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Prevalence of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Prevalence of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in cancer --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Development of TCM in Hong Kong --- p.7
Chapter 1.3 --- Theoretical rationale of the study --- p.8
Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of the study --- p.11
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.13
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.13
Chapter 2.2 --- The concept of Advanced Cancer --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Pathology of Advanced Cancer --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Metastatic Cancer --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Sign and Symptoms of Advanced Cancer --- p.19
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Diagnosis of Advanced Cancer --- p.19
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Current Treatment for Advanced Cancer --- p.21
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Limitation of Current Treatments --- p.24
Chapter 2.3 --- Diagnosis and Treatment by TCM of Advanced Cancer --- p.26
Chapter 2.3.1 --- (Advanced) Cancer from the TCM perspectives --- p.26
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Diagnosis by TCM of Advanced Cancer --- p.27
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Treatment by TCM of Advanced Cancer --- p.28
Chapter 2.4 --- Current Evidences about the Clinical Effectiveness of TCM on Cancer Patients --- p.29
Chapter 2.5 --- The concept of Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) --- p.35
Chapter 2.5.1 --- The importance of HRQOL to cancer patients --- p.35
Chapter 2.5.2 --- HRQOL instruments --- p.37
Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- EORTC QLQ-C30 --- p.38
Chapter 2.5.2.2 --- SF-36 --- p.39
Chapter 2.6 --- Summary of Literature Review --- p.40
Chapter 2.7 --- The research questions --- p.41
Chapter 2.8 --- Research Hypotheses --- p.42
Chapter 2.9 --- The design of TCM protocol --- p.42
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.45
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.45
Chapter 3.2 --- Protocol --- p.45
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Study Design --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Selection of Participants --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Inclusion criteria --- p.48
Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Exclusion criteria --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Sample size calculation --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Setting --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Interventions --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.5.1 --- Treatment --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.5.2 --- Medication and dose/dosage --- p.52
Chapter 3.2.5.3 --- Treatment Assignment --- p.55
Chapter 3.2.5.4 --- Concurrent Medications --- p.56
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Procedure and Methods --- p.56
Chapter 3.2.6.1 --- Informed Consent --- p.56
Chapter 3.2.6.2 --- Documentation --- p.57
Chapter 3.2.6.3 --- Assessment Procedure --- p.57
Chapter 3.2.7 --- Outcome Measurements --- p.62
Chapter 3.2.7.1 --- Survey Questionnaire --- p.62
Chapter 3.2.7.2 --- Quality of life (QOL) instruments --- p.62
Chapter 3.2.7.3 --- Global Ratings --- p.64
Chapter 3.2.7.4 --- Physical Examination and Laboratory tests --- p.65
Chapter 3.2.8 --- Safety Considerations --- p.66
Chapter 3.2.8.1 --- Adverse Events (AE) --- p.66
Chapter 3.2.8.2 --- Serious Adverse Event (SAE) --- p.66
Chapter 3.2.8.3 --- Causality Assessment --- p.67
Chapter 3.2.9 --- Ethical consideration --- p.68
Chapter 3.2.10 --- Data Collection --- p.69
Chapter 3.3 --- Data analysis --- p.69
Chapter 3.4 --- Expected Outcomes of Study --- p.71
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.72
Chapter 4.1 --- Study Progress --- p.72
Chapter 4.2 --- The Participants --- p.72
Chapter 4.3 --- Clinical characteristics and Socio-demographics of Participants --- p.75
Chapter 4.4 --- Main Outcome - Quality of Life --- p.78
Chapter 4.4.1 --- QLQ-C30 --- p.79
Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Scoring and Transforming of items into scales --- p.79
Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- Changes of Individual Scale at Different Visits --- p.80
Chapter 4.4.1.3 --- Clinical significance of Scales --- p.98
Chapter 4.4.2 --- SF-36 --- p.104
Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Scoring and Transforming of items into scales --- p.104
Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- Changes of Individual Scale at Different Visits --- p.104
Chapter 4.4.2.3 --- SF-36 Summary Scales --- p.113
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Correlation of QLQ-C30 and SF-36 --- p.115
Chapter 4.5 --- Measurement of Physical examination --- p.117
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Body Weight --- p.117
Chapter 4.6 --- Measurement of Laboratory Blood tests --- p.118
Chapter 4.6.1 --- "Comparison of CBC, RFT, LFT and LD" --- p.118
Chapter 4.6.2 --- Tumor Markers --- p.120
Chapter 4.7 --- Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events --- p.121
Chapter 4.8 --- Global Ratings --- p.123
Chapter 4.8.1 --- Global Rating 1 - Severity of Disease --- p.123
Chapter 4.8.2 --- Global Rating 2 - Global Disease Status --- p.124
Chapter 4.8.2.1 --- Change in Global Disease Status --- p.125
Chapter 4.8.2.2 --- Agreement between RCMP and clinician --- p.125
Chapter 4.8.2.3 --- Patients' perception after treatment --- p.126
Chapter 4.9 --- Distribution of TCM patterns and Chinese herbal medicines --- p.127
Chapter 4.10 --- Survival Rate --- p.132
Chapter 4.11 --- Conclusion --- p.133
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.135
Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusion on findings --- p.135
Chapter 5.2 --- Baseline profile of participants --- p.137
Chapter 5.3 --- Feasibility of TCM on advanced cancer patients --- p.139
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Recruitment of Participants --- p.139
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Compliance of participants to the study schedule --- p.140
Chapter 5.4 --- Health-related Quality of Life --- p.142
Chapter 5.5 --- Safety of TCM --- p.149
Chapter 5.6 --- Chinese medicine practitioner vs Western medicine doctor --- p.150
Chapter 5.7 --- TCM pattern differentiation and treatment --- p.151
Chapter 5.8 --- Implication of study --- p.154
Chapter 5.8.1 --- Clinical implication --- p.154
Chapter 5.8.2 --- Policy implication --- p.154
Chapter 5.9 --- Limitations of the study --- p.155
Chapter 5.10 --- Recommendations for further studies --- p.157
Chapter 5.11 --- Overall Conclusion --- p.158
Appendices --- p.160
References --- p.177
37
"Effects of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891539.
Full textAbstract:
Li Qian.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-117).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgements --- p.vi
List of Abbreviations --- p.ix
List of tables and figures --- p.ix
Content --- p.x
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Traditional Chinese Medicine: Agrimony --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its risk factors --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Basic concepts relevant to cancer prevention --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Multistage process of carcinogenesis --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Chemical carcinogenesis --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Possible chemopreventive strategies --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Phase I and phase II systems in chemical carcinogenesis --- p.10
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and methods --- p.12
Chapter 2.1 --- Preparation of aqueous extract of Agrimonia pilosa --- p.12
Chapter 2.2 --- In vivo study --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Animal model for hepatocarcinogenesis --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Chemical carcinogens --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Animals --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Animal treatment and sacrifice --- p.17
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Histological and immunohistochemical study --- p.20
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Preparation of liver homogenates and microsomes from rat --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Determination of protein concentration --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.5 --- COX-2 Activity Assay --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Cytochrome P450 2E1 Assay --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Spectrophotometry Assay for GST --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.8 --- Isolation of total RNA from liver homogenate --- p.29
Chapter 2.2.9 --- Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis --- p.32
Chapter 2.3 --- In vitro study --- p.36
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Cell cultures --- p.36
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Cytotoxicity assay - Neutral Red Assay --- p.38
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Cell cycle distribution analysis by flow cytometry --- p.39
Chapter 2.3.4 --- DNA fragmentation --- p.40
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.43
Chapter 3.1 --- In vivo study --- p.43
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Body weight and relative liver weight --- p.43
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Gross Morphological changes --- p.46
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining for histological detection --- p.50
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Effect of AP on DEN-CCl4-induced GST-P positive foci formation and GST-P mRNA expression --- p.60
Chapter 3.1.5 --- Effects of AP on COX-2 --- p.72
Chapter 3.1.6 --- Effects of AP on phase I and phase II enzymes --- p.76
Chapter 3.2 --- In vitro study --- p.80
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Effects of AP on proliferation of H4IIE cells detected by Neutral Red Assay --- p.80
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Assessment of cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry --- p.82
Chapter 3.2.3 --- DNA Fragmentation Assay --- p.88
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.90
Chapter 4.1 --- In vivo study --- p.90
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Morphological changes during the induction of hepatocarcinogenesis --- p.90
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Effects of AP on GST-P foci and its mRNA --- p.91
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Effects of AP on COX-2 enzyme activity and mRNA expression --- p.93
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Modulation effects of AP on CYP2E1 and GST enzyme activity --- p.95
Chapter 4.2 --- In vitro study: effects of AP on cancer cell proliferation --- p.97
Chapter 4.3 --- Summary --- p.99
References --- p.102
38
Arnold, Christof Karric, and 安珂. "Herb-drug interaction of Radix Scutellariae herbal extract powder and indinavir in Sprague-Dawley rats." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21429358066086009397.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
傳統醫藥研究所
98
The integration of traditional Chinese medicine into a modern context poses certain difficulties. Pharmacological mechanisms developed in the field of science can be used as a tool to examine the properties of medicinal herbs. Identifiable small molecules help to provide some outline of a medicinal herb’s characteristics. The root, known as Radix Scutellariae (黃芩) which is an herb appearing in the oldest known Han records on medicinal substances, is chosen for this investigation due to its properties of CYP450 3A enzyme inhibition. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor, indinavir (IDV), is metabolized by CYP450 3A enzymes making it a prime candidate for an herb-drug interaction. HIV positive patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) medications are exposed to the inherent risks of this pharmaceutical intervention, and it is important for clinicians to be aware of herb-drug interactions for the safety of the patient. This leads to the hypothesis that concurrent treatment with Radix Scutellariae herbal extract powder would enhance the absorption of IDV due to less of the drug being metabolized in the intestine and liver during first pass metabolism. A free moving Sprague Dawley (S-D) rat model combined with a cross-over study protocol is used to test this hypothesis. A validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method analyzes the drug’s plasma concentration. The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon rank-sum test is performed to determine statistical relevance. The results show that the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) of IDV undergoes a dose dependent increase with the concomitant treatment of Radix Scutellariae. In patients currently using Radix Scutellariae, the kidney toxicity of IDV can be taken into consideration, and patients should choose an alternative HAART drug or start on the lowest dose of IDV.
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Wu, Ching Yuan, and 吳清源. "The critical roles of histone modification in anti-androgen receptor herbal drug and cancer therapy." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99694397869591610617.
Full textAbstract:
博士長庚大學
臨床醫學研究所
100
Most eukaryotes make nucleosomes to compact the genome by wrapping their DNA around histones (H3, H4, H2A, H2B). When DNA suffers from stimulating with several factors or damage by stress, nucleosomes will release to allow access for active processes such as transcription, replication and DNA damage repair. Importantly, these different modifications of histones can control modulation of chromatin to regulate DNA accessibility for other proteins by modulation of nucleosomal structure or by serving a platform to recruit other proteins. DNA damage and hormone play very important roles in the initiation and development of cancer and involve several different modifications of histones. Development and progression of prostate cancer are intimately associated with androgen receptor (AR) signaling. The emergence of hormone-refractory prostate cancer and consequent failure of conventional androgen deprivation therapies make it necessary to bypass hormonal resistance by targeting the same signaling pathway at new intervention points. First, we describe a novel mechanism whereby cryptotanshinone down-regulates AR signaling via functional inhibition of LSD1-mediated demethylation of H3K9 and represses the transcriptional activity of AR. Our data suggest that cryptotanshinone can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for prostate cancer. DNA damage response (DDR) is an important surveillance mechanism to maintain the integrity of human genome in response to genotoxic stress. Histone variant H2AX is a critical sensor that undergoes phosphorylation at serine 139 (S139) upon genotoxic stress, which provides a docking site to recruit mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1) and DNA repair protein complex to sites of DNA breaks for DNA repair. Second, we show that monoubiquitination of H2AX induced by ring finger protein 2 (RNF2) is required for the recruitment of active ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) to DNA damage foci, thus affecting the formation of γ-H2AX. Importantly, defect in monoubiquitination of H2AX profoundly enhances ionizing radiation (IR) sensitivity. Our study therefore suggests that monoubiquitination of H2AX is an important step for DNA damage response and may have important clinical implications for the treatment of cancers. Our study will provide a better understanding how the modification of histone is involved in anti-cancer therapy, and may have a potential to discover a novel compound for cancer treatment by targeting the modification of histone.
40
"Effects of a kidney-tonifying herbal formula on Type I osteoporosis." Thesis, 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075317.
Full textAbstract:
A pilot clinical trial was conducted after the in-vivo and in-vitro studies: Eight subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited. However, the liver function tests of three subjects out of eight were found to be abnormal with elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, which was not reported in previous toxicity test. The trial was suspended immediately and a follow-up test showed that the elevated AST and ALT level had reverted back to normal within one month after termination of OPR intake. Although we could not accomplish a RCT, the pilot study revealed potential hepatotoxicity of OPR on human beings and it would raise the safety awareness of investigators on the use of herbal remedies in future clinical studies.After the in-vivo and in-vitro studies, a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) was planned. Due to a lack of a Chinese version of instrument to measure osteoporosis-specific quality of life, an English version of the Osteoporosis-Targeted Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPTQoL) was translated into Chinese and linguistically validated according to the standard guideline. The newly formed Chinese OPTQoL can be used to assess the impact of new interventions on quality of life among Chinese osteoporosis patients.
Association of the incidence of postmenopausal osteoporosis and Kidney-Vacuity Syndromes in TCM was investigated with the aid of a Kidney-Vacuity Syndromes scoring questionnaire. In the study, postmenopausal women, who suffered from deficiency of kidney "qi" and kidney "essence", had a significantly higher incidence of osteoporosis. These findings strongly supported that replenishing kidney qi and kidney essence was a logical therapeutic principle in the formulation of OPR.
In conclusion, this study investigated the use of TCM on the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in a systematic manner. It started from herbal formulation, basic science studies to clinical trial. It revealed beneficial effects of OPR on bones through in-vivo and in-vitro studies and demonstrated certain possible mechanism behind. On the other hand, the hepatotoxicity of OPR on human beings was also exposed and had not been reported in previous toxicity tests. The study provided valuable clinical data for other investigators on the potential hazards of herbal remedies although they had been validated as safe and effective in pre-clinical stage.
In search for safe, effective and low-priced medicine, the public have turned their attention to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Extensive experience has been accumulated in TCM regarding the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis, which often involves the prescription of kidney-tonifying herbs. Therefore, the aim of the study, firstly, was to explore the association of the incidence of postmenopausal osteoporosis and Kidney-Vacuity Syndromes in TCM, so as to formulate a rational kidney-tonifying herbal formula for osteoporosis research (OPR). Secondly, the effect of the formula was evaluated by in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Thirdly, the Osteoporosis-Targeted Quality of Life Questionnaire was linguistically validated from English to Chinese, which was expected to be one of the outcome measurement tools in future clinical trials. Lastly, a pilot clinical study was performed, which revealed some potential hazards of the formula on human beings which have not been shown in previous works.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder which leads to an increased risk of bone fracture, disability or even death. It has become a major public health threat and the worldwide incidence of osteoporotic fracture is projected to increase two fold within the next 50 years. Postmenopausal women, being affected by a lack of estrogen, face a much higher risk of the disease. This study would therefore focus on type I osteoporosis (i.e. postmenopausal osteoporosis). Although current medications can slow down the bone deterioration process, their side effects and high cost had impaired patients' compliance with long term treatment.
The effect of OPR for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was then evaluated by in-vitro and in-vivo studies. In the in-vivo study, an osteoporosis model was established by performing ovariectomy on the four-week-old C57BL/6 mice. A high bone turnover rate was induced and OPR successfully slowed down the high turnover rate of bones by decreasing bone formation and resorption process without increasing the uterine linings. However, its beneficial effect on bones could not be detected on bone mineral density measurement.
The potential mechanism of action of OPR on bones was explored by in-vitro study. OPR was shown to induce cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like UMR 106 cells. Furthermore, the estrogenic activity of OPR was detected by MCF-7 cell line, which has been stably transfected with estrogen responsive elements (ERE). OPR was shown to possess an estrogenic activity in a dose dependent manner and was comparable to the positive control at a concentration of 200 and 1000 mug/ml. The induced estrogenic activity by OPR may be associated with the presence of phytoestrogen within the herbal formula. These findings suggested that the beneficial effect of OPR on bones might relate to its direct positive effect on osteoblast and its estrogenic-like activity.
Liong, Ching.
Adviser: Chun-tao Che.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
41
"Effects of herba agrimonia on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats." 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073629.
Full textAbstract:
Song Jingzheng."June 2004."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-186).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
42
"The effects of danshen and danggui on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887776.
Full textAbstract:
Angus Chun-tim Lo.Thesis (M. Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-147).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS --- p.ii
ABSTRACT --- p.iii
ABBREVIATIONS --- p.viii
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- The Effects of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Warfarin
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.35
Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.42
Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.54
Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.64
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- The Effects of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on Pharmacological Properties of the Stereoisomers of Warfarin
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.68
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.72
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.84
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.99
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- The Effects of Danggui (Angelica sinensis) on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Warfarin
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.104
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.114
Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.120
Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.127
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- General Conclusion --- p.131
REFERENCES --- p.138
43
Ndhlala, Ashwell Rungano. "Pharmacological, phytochemical and safety evaluaton of commercial herbal preparations common in South Africa." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/729.
Full text
44
Walji, Rishma. "Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Herbal Products: Consumer, Health Food Store Personnel and Pharmacist Perspectives." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17295.
Full textAbstract:
Natural health products (NHPs) are sold over-the-counter and are often perceived to be safe, despite potential risks. The current Canadian reporting system collects information on suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and suffers from severe under-reporting. As retailers, pharmacists and health food store personnel may be in a position to facilitate collection of herbal ADR reports because of their accessibility to consumers.
Objective: To investigate retailer and consumer responses to herbal ADRs.
Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with retailers and consumers across Toronto until theoretical saturation was achieved (n=36). Participants were purposefully selected to ensure diverse backgrounds and experiences. Interviews were transcribed and coded for key emerging themes.
Results: Consumers tended to self-prescribe NHPs and were only likely to discuss their NHP use with people they trusted – usually health food store personnel, family and friends. Many consumers did not have good relationships with their conventional health providers, which inhibited discussions about NHP-related ADRs. When consumers did disclose suspected ADRs to retailers, the retailers generally did not report these NHP-related ADRs to Health Canada. Most pharmacists found workplace challenges insurmountable, although pharmacist approaches to herbal ADRs tended to vary depending on their professional disposition. Pharmacists who saw themselves as knowledge generators were more likely to report. Health food store personnel offered generous product return policies and actively returned NHPs suspected of causing an ADR to the manufacturer. However, they had no knowledge of the Canadian ADR reporting system and thus did not submit any reports.
Conclusion: Consumers tended to disclose suspected NHP-related ADRs only rarely and to retailers with whom they had developed previous good relationships. This highlights the importance of improving patient-practitioner (or retailer) communication. Pharmacists generally did not report ADRs due to workplace challenges, unless they had a very strong professional disposition. These results have important implications with respect to pharmacy education. Health food store return policies resulted in suspected ADR reports to the manufacturers. Manufacturers are mandated to report ADRs to Health Canada, so this finding may have important implications within industry for the future of ADR reporting systems involving herbal products and public health.
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Liu, Szu-Yu, and 劉思妤. "A Study on the Business Strategy in the New Drug Discovery Industry of Chinese Herbal Medicine." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21409646276444405278.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
管理碩士在職專班
95
Recently, the development of western medicine has gradually encountered bottleneck. Accordingly, the traditional Chinese herbal medicine has the advantage of becoming more and more important in the global medicine industry. Our government has positively impelled the Chinese herbal medicine biotechnology in the recent years and founded it as one of the major national policies. Since Taiwan has historically expertise in Chinese herbal medicine, we are therefore more competitive in this market as compared with those in Europe and America. However the progress in this field does not meet with what we anticipated. In the past, only a few pharmaceutical companies were able to finish the whole process of new drug research and development on their own. In contrast, the trend is specialization in a particular section of the value chain. The specialization allows small biotech companies to focus on and leverage their core competences through strategic alliances, out sourcing, licensing and merge & acquisition. It provides opportunities for companies in Taiwan with constrained endowments to go across the territory of new drug development. The objective of this research is mainly on discussing the tendency of worldwide drug industry and the business models of existing new drug industry, to match with the target company in this study. The new drug discovery industry of Chinese herbal medicine in Taiwan has faced several strictly limitations in technology and resources. Under such circumstances, eleven strategies have been submitted as suitable business models in this study to help these companies to organize their scarce capital assets, construct their business model, strengthen core competences, avoid business risk, cooperate with foreign companies, and eventually enter the new drug development field.
46
Lai, Ting-I., and 賴婷怡. "Case control study of non viral hepatitis associated with herbal drug use in the emergency department." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05938446664055273990.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
職業醫學與工業衛生研究所
95
The use of Chinese herbal medicine to maintain health among the Chinese ethnic group is deeply rooted in the Chinese way of living for centuries. Since there is a high prevalence in the usage in Taiwan, our study aims to study the relationship of herbal use and visits to the emergency department under the diagnosis of acute non-viral hepatitis. This study is a prospective, density sampling case control study in which patients with non-viral hepatitis was questioned for herbal use. An univariate analysis and conditional logistic regression analysis using the PHPREG procedure in SAS 9.0 (SAS Institute Inc.) was preformed with a discreet logistic model stratified by matching variables. Seventy cases were matched to 140 controls. In the univariate model, long term use of drugs, history of western drugs used, history of herb use, alcohol consumption, recent use of herbs gave an increase in the risk of developing acute non viral hepatitis. After multiplicative conditional logistic regression, we find that the use of herbs within a 3-month period and the concurrent use of western drug pose the greatest threat of acute non-viral hepatitis. We concluded that herbs and drugs used prior to developing acute non viral hepatitis is associated with the development of the disease. Due to the small sample size of this study, there is a need for further study to correctly identifying the cause-effect relationship of herbs and hepatitis, so that further inferences can be made.
47
Lai, Ting-I. "Case control study of non viral hepatitis associated with herbal drug use in the emergency department." 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1706200718012800.
Full text
48
"Investigation of pharmacological anti-diabetic effect on selected traditional Chinese herbs." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892567.
Full textAbstract:
by Lam Fung Chun.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-202).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Abstract in Chinese --- p.iii
Acknowledgements --- p.v
Table of Contents --- p.vi
List of Abbreviations --- p.xiii
List of Tables --- p.xvii
List of Figures --- p.xviii
Publication --- p.xx
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Definition of Diabetes Mellitus --- p.1
Chapter 1.3 --- Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes Mellitus --- p.2
Chapter 1.4 --- Classification of Diabetes Mellitus --- p.6
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus --- p.6
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus --- p.7
Chapter 1.4.3 --- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus --- p.8
Chapter 1.4.4 --- Other specific types --- p.8
Chapter 1.5 --- Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus --- p.9
Chapter 1.6 --- Complications of Diabetes Mellitus --- p.11
Chapter 1.7 --- Pharmacological Treatment of Diabetes --- p.12
Chapter 1.7.1 --- Treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus --- p.12
Chapter 1.7.2 --- Treatment for Type 2 diabetes mellitus --- p.13
Chapter 1.7.2.1 --- Sulfonylureas --- p.14
Chapter 1.7.1.2 --- Meglitinides --- p.15
Chapter 1.7.1.3 --- Biguanides --- p.15
Chapter 1.7.1.4 --- Thazolidinediones --- p.16
Chapter 1.7.1.5 --- α-Glucosidase inhibitor --- p.16
Chapter 1.8 --- Diabetes and Traditional Chinese Medicine --- p.17
Chapter 1.9 --- Objective of this project --- p.18
Chapter Chapter 2 --- "Botanical, Preparation and Authentication of Traditional Chinese Herbs" --- p.22
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.22
Chapter 2.2 --- Herbal Materials --- p.22
Chapter 2.3 --- Authentication of Herbal Material --- p.30
Chapter 2.4 --- Extraction Method --- p.32
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Material and Methods --- p.32
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Results --- p.32
Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.32
Chapter Chapter 3 --- In vitro Studies on Selected Traditional Chinese Herbs --- p.35
Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.35
Chapter 3.2 --- Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Studies --- p.36
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.36
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Material and Methods --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Cell Culture of H4IIE --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Glucose Production Assay --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Protein Assay --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Results --- p.44
Chapter 3.3 --- Intestinal Glucose Absorption Studies --- p.46
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.46
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Material and Methods --- p.48
Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Preparation of BBMV --- p.48
Chapter 3.3.2.1.1 --- Chemicals --- p.48
Chapter 3.3.2.1.2 --- Method --- p.48
Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Preparation of Herbal Extracts --- p.50
Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- BBMV Glucose Uptake Assay --- p.51
Chapter 3.3.2.4 --- Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Protein Assay --- p.54
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Results --- p.54
Chapter 3.4 --- Fibroblast Glucose Uptake Studies --- p.57
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Introduction --- p.57
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Material and Methods --- p.58
Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- Cell Culture of Hs68 --- p.58
Chapter 3.4.2.2 --- 2-Deoxy-D-glucose Uptake Assay --- p.59
Chapter 3.4.2.3 --- Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Protein Assay --- p.60
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Results --- p.60
Chapter 3.5 --- Adipocyte Glucose Uptake Studies --- p.63
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Introduction --- p.63
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Material and Methods --- p.65
Chapter 3.5.2.1 --- Cell Culture of 3T3-L1 --- p.65
Chapter 3.5.2.2 --- Differentiation of 3T3-L1 --- p.65
Chapter 3.5.2.3 --- 2-Deoxy-D-glucose Uptake Assay --- p.66
Chapter 3.5.2.4 --- Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Protein Assay --- p.68
Chapter 3.5.3 --- Results --- p.69
Chapter 3.6 --- Glucose Transporter Type 4 (GLUT4) Expression Studies --- p.71
Chapter 3.6.1 --- Introduction --- p.71
Chapter 3.6.2 --- Material and Methods --- p.48
Chapter 3.6.2.1 --- Cell Culture of 3T3-L1 --- p.71
Chapter 3.6.2.2 --- Differentiation of 3T3-L1 --- p.71
Chapter 3.6.2.3 --- GLUT4 Expression Assay --- p.72
Chapter 3.6.2.4 --- Preparation of RNA --- p.72
Chapter 3.6.2.5 --- RT-PCR --- p.73
Chapter 3.6.2.6 --- PCR Analysis on GLUT4 Expression --- p.74
Chapter 3.6.2.7 --- Real-time PCR --- p.75
Chapter 3.6.3 --- Results --- p.77
Chapter 3.7 --- Discussion --- p.81
Chapter 3.7.1 --- Discussion of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Studies --- p.81
Chapter 3.7.2 --- Discussion of Intestinal Glucose Absorption Studies --- p.82
Chapter 3.7.3 --- Discussion of Fibroblast Glucose Uptake Studies --- p.83
Chapter 3.7.4 --- Discussion of Adipocyte Glucose Uptake Studies --- p.84
Chapter 3.7.5 --- Discussion of Glucose Transporter Type 4 (GLUT4) Expression Studies --- p.86
Chapter 3.7.6 --- Conclusion --- p.87
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Purification of Cortex Moutan --- p.90
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.90
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Phytochemical Studies of Cortex Moutan --- p.90
Chapter 4.2 --- Organic Extraction of Cortex Moutan --- p.93
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Extraction Material and Methods --- p.93
Chapter 4.2.2. --- Results --- p.93
Chapter 4.3 --- BBMV Glucose Uptake Assay with Cortex Moutan Organic Extract (CM-C and CM-D) --- p.96
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Material and Methods --- p.48
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Results --- p.96
Chapter 4.4 --- Fractionation of CM-C and CM-D --- p.98
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Material and Methods --- p.98
Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Chemicals --- p.98
Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- Methods --- p.98
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Results --- p.100
Chapter 4.5 --- BBMV Glucose Uptake Assay of CM-C and CM-D Sub-fractions --- p.105
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Results --- p.105
Chapter 4.6 --- Sulfonylation of CM-D1 --- p.107
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Material and Methods --- p.107
Chapter 4.6.1.1 --- Chemicals --- p.107
Chapter 4.6.1.2 --- Methods --- p.107
Chapter 4.6.2 --- Structure Elucidation of CM-D1s --- p.108
Chapter 4.6.2.1 --- 1H-NMR Analysis --- p.108
Chapter 4.6.3 --- BBMV Glucose Uptake Assay of CM-D1s --- p.108
Chapter 4.6.4 --- Results --- p.108
Chapter 4.7 --- "Structural Elucidation of CM-D3, CM-D4 and CM-D5" --- p.112
Chapter 4.7.1 --- Material and Methods --- p.112
Chapter 4.7.1.1 --- Mass Spectrometry --- p.112
Chapter 4.7.1.2 --- 1H-NMR Analysis --- p.112
Chapter 4.7.2 --- Results --- p.113
Chapter 4.8 --- "BBMV Glucose Uptake Assay of Acetovallione, CM-D3，CM-D4 and CM-D5" --- p.116
Chapter 4.8.1 --- Results --- p.116
Chapter 4.9 --- Synthesis of CM-D3s --- p.118
Chapter 4.9.1 --- Material and Methods --- p.118
Chapter 4.9.1.1 --- Chemicals --- p.118
Chapter 4.9.1.2 --- Methods --- p.118
Chapter 4.9.2 --- Structure Elucidation of synthesized product --- p.119
Chapter 4.9.3 --- Results --- p.119
Chapter 4.10 --- Discussion --- p.121
Chapter Chapter 5 --- In vivo Studies on Selected Herbs --- p.123
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.123
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Diabetic Animal Models --- p.123
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Neonatal Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rat Model --- p.125
Chapter 5.2 --- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) --- p.126
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Animal --- p.126
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Rat Induction Material and Methods --- p.126
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Testing Method for diabetic condition of rats --- p.127
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Results --- p.128
Chapter 5.3 --- Basal Glycaemia Test --- p.138
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Animal --- p.138
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Rat Induction Material and Methods --- p.138
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Testing Method --- p.138
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Results --- p.140
Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.143
Chapter Chapter 6 --- General Discussion --- p.147
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.147
Chapter 6.2 --- Summary of Research Findings --- p.151
Chapter 6.3 --- Result Interpretation --- p.152
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Result Interpretation of In Vitro Studies --- p.152
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Result Interpretation of Cortex Moutan Purification --- p.154
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Result Interpretation of In Vivo Studies --- p.157
Chapter 6.4 --- Limitations and Improvements --- p.161
Chapter 6.5 --- Future Directions --- p.163
Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusions --- p.169
Appendices --- p.170
References --- p.187
49
"Immunomodulatory effects of yun zhi and danshen capsules in healthy subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896081.
Full textAbstract:
Tse Pui Shan.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [191]-216).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.I
ABBREVIATIONS --- p.III
ABSTRACT --- p.VIII
摘要 --- p.X
PUBLICATIONS --- p.XII
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.XIII
Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1.1 --- Human Immune System and Cancer --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Brief Introduction of the Human Immune System --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Prevalence of Cancer in Hong Kong --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.3 --- The Role of the Immune System in Tumorigenesis --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.4 --- Cancer Treatment --- p.5
Chapter 1.1.5 --- Cancer Prevention --- p.5
Chapter 1.2 --- Mushroom Polysaccharides --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.1 --- General Aspects of Mushroom Polysaccharides --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Structure of Mushroom Polysaccharides --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Beta (P)-D-glucans --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Heteroglucans and Protein-bound Polysaccharides --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.2.3 --- Structure-Function Interactions of Polysaccharides --- p.12
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Molecular Interactions of Polysaccharides --- p.14
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Biological Activities of Polysaccharides --- p.15
Chapter 1.2.4.1 --- Anti-tumor Activities of Polysaccharides --- p.15
Chapter 1.2.4.2 --- Immunomodulatory Activities of Polysaccharides --- p.16
Chapter 1.3 --- Yun Zhi (Coriolus versicolor) --- p.17
Chapter 1.3.1 --- General Features of Yun Zhi --- p.17
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Traditional Uses of Yun Zhi --- p.20
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Active Ingredients of Yun Zhi --- p.20
Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- "Origin, Properties and Composition of PSK" --- p.21
Chapter 1.3.3.2 --- "Origin, Properties and Composition of PSP" --- p.22
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Pharmacological Actions of PSP and PSK --- p.25
Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- Immunomodulatory Activities --- p.25
Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Anti-tumor Activities --- p.32
Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Antiviral and Antimicrobial Activities --- p.35
Chapter 1.3.4.3 --- Antioxidant Activities --- p.36
Chapter 1.3.5 --- Human Clinical Studies on Yun Zhi --- p.36
Chapter 1.3.6 --- Toxicology of Yun Zhi --- p.42
Chapter 1.4 --- Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) --- p.43
Chapter 1.4.1 --- General Features of Danshen --- p.43
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Traditional Uses of Danshen --- p.46
Chapter 1.4.3 --- Active Ingredients of Danshen --- p.47
Chapter 1.4.4 --- Pharmacological Actions of Danshen --- p.50
Chapter 1.4.4.1 --- Cardiovascular Effects --- p.50
Chapter 1.4.4.2 --- Scavenging Effects on Free Radicals --- p.52
Chapter 1.4.4.3 --- Hepatoprotective Effects --- p.54
Chapter 1.4.4.4 --- Anti-tumor Effects --- p.56
Chapter 1.4.4.5 --- Renal Protective Effects --- p.56
Chapter 1.4.5 --- Human Clinical Studies --- p.57
Chapter 1.4.6 --- Toxicity of Danshen --- p.59
Chapter 1.5 --- Aims and Scopes of This Investigation --- p.60
Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- MATERIALS AND METHODS
Chapter 2.1 --- Normal Subjects --- p.62
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria of Recruitment --- p.62
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Study Design and Procedure --- p.63
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Treatment and Blinding --- p.65
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Blood Sampling --- p.66
Chapter 2.1.5 --- Blood Processing for Assessment of Immunological Functions --- p.67
Chapter 2.2 --- Materials --- p.69
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Endotoxin Assay --- p.69
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Reagents for Whole Blood Assay --- p.69
Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Plain RPMI 1640 Medium --- p.69
Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) --- p.69
Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Mitogens --- p.70
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Reagents for Total RNA Extraction --- p.70
Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Ficoll-Paque Density Gradient Solution --- p.70
Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- RNA Extraction Kit --- p.70
Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- RNase-Free DNase Set --- p.71
Chapter 2.2.3.4 --- β-Mercaptoethanol (β-ME) Solution --- p.71
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Reagents for Flow Cytometric Analysis of T/B/NK Cell Ratios --- p.71
Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- MultiTEST IMK Kit with TruCOUNT Tubes --- p.71
Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- FACSFlo´wёØ Sheath Fluid --- p.74
Chapter 2.2.4.3 --- CaliBRITE 3 and APC Beads --- p.74
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Immunoassay Kits for Measuring Cytokines Level --- p.75
Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Kits of Cytokines --- p.75
Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Human Thl/Th2 Cytokine Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Kit-II --- p.75
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Reagents and Buffers for Gel Electrophoresis --- p.78
Chapter 2.2.6.1 --- Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) --- p.78
Chapter 2.2.6.2 --- Gel Loading Solution (5X) --- p.78
Chapter 2.2.6.3 --- Tris-Acetate-EDTA (TAE) Buffer --- p.78
Chapter 2.2.6.4 --- Agarose Gel --- p.78
Chapter 2.2.6.5 --- 100 base pair DNA Ladder --- p.79
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Kits and Reagents for Messenger RNA (mRNA) Expression Array --- p.79
Chapter 2.2.7.1 --- Human Inflammatory Cytokine/Receptor GEArraýёØ Q Series Kit --- p.79
Chapter 2.2.7.2 --- Deoxynucleoside Triphosphates (dNTPs) --- p.84
Chapter 2.2.7.3 --- Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase (M-MLVRT) --- p.84
Chapter 2.2.7.4 --- Rnasin Ribonuclease Inhibitor --- p.84
Chapter 2.2.7.5 --- Biotin-16-2'-deoxy-uridine-5'-triphosphate (Biotin-16-dUTP) --- p.85
Chapter 2.2.7.6 --- Salmon Sperm DNA Solution --- p.85
Chapter 2.2.7.7 --- 100 % Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) Solution --- p.86
Chapter 2.2.7.8 --- 20X SSC --- p.86
Chapter 2.2.7.9 --- ECL Films (Hyperfilm 226}0ёØ ECL 226}0ёØ) --- p.86
Chapter 2.3 --- Methods
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Endotoxin Assay --- p.87
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Whole Blood Assay (WBA) --- p.88
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Isolation and Preparation of Plasma and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) from EDTA Blood --- p.88
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Total RNA extraction --- p.89
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Flow Cytometric Analysis of T/B/NK Cell Ratios --- p.90
Chapter 2.3.6 --- Immunoassays of Plasma Samples or Culture Supernatant in WBA --- p.92
Chapter 2.3.6.1 --- Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) --- p.92
Chapter 2.3.6.2 --- Human Thl/Th2 Cytokine Cytometric Bead Assay (CBA) --- p.93
Chapter 2.3.7 --- mRNA Expression Study --- p.94
Chapter 2.3.7.1 --- Agarose Gel Electrophoresis --- p.94
Chapter 2.3.7.2 --- cDNA Expression Array Analysis --- p.95
Chapter 2.3.8 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.96
Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- ENDOTOXIN LEVEL OF YUN ZHI-DANSHEN CAPSULES & SAFETY MEASURES ON STUDY POPULATION IN THE CLINICAL TRIAL
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.98
Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p.101
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Endotoxin Level of the Yun Zhi and Danshen Active Capsule --- p.101
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Study Population --- p.103
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Dropout Cases --- p.103
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Safety Parameters --- p.104
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Compliance Rates --- p.104
Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.109
Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF T/B/NK CELL RATIOS OF HEALTHY SUBJECTS TAKING YUN ZHI-DANSHEN CAPSULES
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.112
Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p.118
Chapter 4.2.1 --- The Percentage and Absolute Count of T Lymphocytes (CD3+) --- p.118
Chapter 4.2.2 --- The Percentage and Absolute Count of T Helper (TH) Lymphocytes (CD3+ CD4+) --- p.121
Chapter 4.2.3 --- The Percentage and Absolute Count of Cytotoxic T (CTL) and T Suppressor (Ts) Lymphocytes (CD3+ CD8+) --- p.124
Chapter 4.2.4 --- The Ratio of T Helper Lymphocytes (CD3+ CD4+) and Cytotoxic T (CTL) and T Suppressor (Ts) Lymphocyes (CD3+ CD8+) --- p.127
Chapter 4.2.5 --- The Percentage and Absolute Count of B Lymphocytes (CD19+) --- p.129
Chapter 4.2.6 --- The Percentage and Absolute Count of NK Lymphocytes (CD3- CD 16+ and/or CD56+) --- p.132
Chapter 4.2.7 --- The Absolute Count of Lymphocytes (CD45+) --- p.135
Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.138
Chapter CHAPTER 5: --- PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF SOLUBLE CYTOKINE RECEPTOR AND EX VIVO CYTOKINE PRODUCTION OF HEALTHY SUBJECTS TAKING YUN ZHI-DANSHEN CAPSULES
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.142
Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.147
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Plasma Concentration of Soluble IL-2 Receptor --- p.147
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Ex vivo Cytokine Production --- p.147
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Mitogen Induced IL-6 Production --- p.150
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Mitogen Induced IFN- γ Production --- p.150
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Mitogen Induced TNF- a Production --- p.153
Chapter 5.2.6 --- Mitogen Induced IL-10 Production --- p.153
Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.156
Chapter CHAPTER 6: --- "GENE EXPRESSION OF CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINES AND RECEPTORS OF PBMC OF HEALTHY SUBJECTS TAKING YUN ZHI- DANSHEN CAPSULES"
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.162
Chapter 6.2 --- Results --- p.165
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Gene Expression of IL-2 Receptor β chain --- p.165
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Gene Expression of IL-2 Receptor γ chain --- p.165
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Gene Expression of IL-6 Receptor --- p.166
Chapter 6.2.4 --- "Gene Expression of Other Cytokines, Chemokines and Receptors" --- p.169
Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.172
Chapter CHAPTER 7: --- CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE
PERSPECTIVES --- p.176
APPENDICES --- p.184
REFERENCES --- p.192
50
"Investigation on the effect of selected Chinese herbs for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer and limb salvage." Thesis, 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073978.
Full textAbstract:
Basing on the traditional TCM interpretation, experience of recent research studies and our experimental findings, a few component herbs in Formulae 1 & 2 would be tentatively selected for a new formula. They were Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma Alismatis, Cortex Moutan and Rhizoma Smilacis Chinensis. Whether the new formula could give better efficacy would need to be tested in new clinical trials and experimental models. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)Diabetes mellitus has long been a clinical problem for hundreds of years. More than 194 million people in the world now suffer from the disorder. About 15% of all diabetic patients would develop unhealing foot ulcers which compile significant proportion of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations. Basing on the clinical experience of Prof. Xi Jiu Yi in Shanghai, literature review and an innovative interpretation of traditional Chinese medicine, two formulae (F1 & F2) derived from a well known herbal formula: the "Pills of Six Drugs with Rehmannia" were created for clinical trials. With the early successful limb salvage rate of over 80% observed in a clinical series studied at the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, multi-directional studies on the two formulae were carried out. The aim was to find out the clinical efficacy of Formulae 1 & 2, and their component herbs, and the biological mechanism of action. A series of in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo experimental models were completed for the latter purposes.
Granulation formation is an important issue essential for ulcer healing. Therefore a CRL-7522 fibroblast cell line and primary fibrobass from eight diabetic foot ulcer patients (ex-vivo) were used to detect the granulation enhancing activities of the Formulae 1 & 2 and component herbs. The two formulae and some of their component herbs viz, Radix Astragali (HQ), Radix Rehmanniae (SD) and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (BZ) showed significant enhancement effects on the cell viability and apparently facilitated granulation formation. Hence the Formulae 1 & 2, and the three component herbs were selected for further studies. The other nine component herbs of the formulae were found to have no significant enhancing effects on cell viability. With an established diabetic rat model (n0 STZ and n5 STZ), a piece of full-thickness skin was removed from the foot of the rat to develop a diabetic rat foot ulcer model. The ulcer area was measured by a specially designed area measuring programme, namely the Image Analytical Programme. The ulcer areas and their percentage reductions over time were recorded and analysed using statistical multilevel models with adjustments for weight, blood glucose level and the presence of extra ulcers. Results revealed that the ulcer area was significantly reduced by the Formulae 1 & 2, and one of their component herbs, Radix Rehmanniae (SD).
Lau Tai-Wai.
"February 2005."
Adviser: Ping Chung Leung.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0197.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 292-310).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.