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Journal articles on the topic 'Herbarium Digitization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Demirkuş, Nasip, Murat Ünal, Meruert Kurmanbayeva, and Serbest Ziyanak. "Digitization of the flora of Kazakhstan." BIO Web of Conferences 100 (2024): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410004008.

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This study focuses on the possibilities of digitalization of plant herbariums in Kazakhstani Universities. In this paper, theoretical and practical aspects of herbarium collections digitalization according to the international standards and how this can be achieved are explained with visuals and steps of the process. First, the valid taxonomic approaches to herbarium layout should be determined jointly with the international and Kazakh herbarium experts and put forward by a common decision. In line with these decisions, the taxonomic categories of plant specimens, the repair of herbarium cardb

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2

Kovtonyuk, Nataliya K., Irina V. Han, and Evgeniya A. Gatilova. "Digitization of vascular plant herbarium collections at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Novosibirsk, Russia." Skvortsovia 4 (December 3, 2018): 100–111. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4103391.

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The herbaria at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG) were started in 1946. There are two herbarium collections with their own codes and registrations in the Index Herbariorum: M.G.Popov Herbarium (NSK) and I.M.Krasnoborov Herbarium (NS). Approximately 800000 herbarium specimens of vascular plants, mosses, lichens and fungi collected in Siberia, the Russian Far East, Europe, Asia and North America are stored in NSK and NS. Digitization of the herbarium specimens of vascular plants at the resolution of 600 dpi began in 2014 using a speci

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Novikov, Andriy, Mariia Sup-Novikova, Viktor Nachychko, and Oleksandr Kuzyarin. "Testing budget photosystems to reach an optimal solution for the herbarium digitization purposes." Plant Introduction 99-100 (November 24, 2023): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46341/pi2023010.

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The current paper stresses the application of different budget photosystems for digitization of herbarium specimens. Twelve photosystems were compared by color accuracy reproduction of the images. It was found that the photosystem built on the basis of photocamera Canon EOS 800D and fixed lens Tokina AT-X M35 PRO DX AF 35 mm f/2.8 Macro and currently used for the digitization of the LWS herbarium collection demonstrated the best results among other tested photosystems. It also produced the images with the same or even better color accuracy as in images downloaded from P, PI, B, and W virtual h

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Novikov, Andriy. "Digitization of natural collections – the way to immortality." Biology: From a Molecule Up to the Biosphere 1 (November 27, 2019): 12–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3594474.

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It is even hard to estimate general circumscription of natural history collections. Comprehensive database GRSciColl lists 1,095 collections from 7,522 registered institutions across the world (Schindel et al. 2016). From 1.2 to 3 billions of specimens are suggested to be preserved in those collections (Ariño 2010,Vollmar et al. 2010). If follow another database, Index Herbariorum, 3,095 herbaria are registered for today in the world, and contain about 390 million specimens (Thiers 2019). However even this quite narrow fetch limited by plants is far away from real state of things. In 20

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Novikov, Andriy, Mariia Sup-Novikova, Viktor Nachychko, and Oleksandr Kuzyarin. "Testing budget photosystems to reach an optimal solution for the herbarium digitization purposes." Plant Introduction 99-100 (November 24, 2023): 36–50. https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2023010.

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The current paper stresses the application of different budget photosystems for digitization of herbarium specimens. Twelve photosystems were compared by color accuracy reproduction of the images. It was found that the photosystem built on the basis of photocamera Canon EOS 800D and fixed lens Tokina AT-X M35 PRO DX AF 35 mm f/2.8 Macro and currently used for the digitization of the LWS herbarium collection demonstrated the best results among other tested photosystems. It also produced the images with the same or even better color accuracy as in images downloaded from P, PI, B, and W virtual h

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6

Niedzielski, Piotr. "Herbarium Pomeranicum jako przykład cyfryzacji w środowisku naukowym." Optimum. Economic Studies, no. 2(112) (2023): 105–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2023.02.112.06.

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Purpose – Presentation of the solutions adopted in the field of sharing the integrated digital resources of Pomeranian herbariums so far collected in four herbaria at three universities in Pomerania as a tool for commercializing scientific knowledge and presenting the role of classic and digital collections of individual herbariums in the present day and the interdisciplinary nature of the Herbarium Pomeranicum project. Research method – A single case study Results – Thanks to modern ICT technologies, herbarium material can be widely used by a number of stakeholders and play an important role

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Nelson, Gil, Patrick Sweeney, and Edward Gilbert. "Use of globally unique identifiers (GUIDs) to link herbarium specimen records to physical specimens." Applications in Plant Sciences 6, no. 2 (2018): e1027. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13511635.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) With the advent of the U.S. National Science Foundation's Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections program and related worldwide digitization initiatives, the rate of herbarium specimen digitization in the United States has expanded exponentially. As the number of electronic herbarium records proliferates, the importance of linking these records to the physical specimens they represent as well as to related records from other sources will intensify. Although a rich and diverse literature has developed over the past decade that addres

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8

Nelson, Gil, Patrick Sweeney, and Edward Gilbert. "Use of globally unique identifiers (GUIDs) to link herbarium specimen records to physical specimens." Applications in Plant Sciences 6, no. 2 (2018): e1027. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13511635.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) With the advent of the U.S. National Science Foundation's Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections program and related worldwide digitization initiatives, the rate of herbarium specimen digitization in the United States has expanded exponentially. As the number of electronic herbarium records proliferates, the importance of linking these records to the physical specimens they represent as well as to related records from other sources will intensify. Although a rich and diverse literature has developed over the past decade that addres

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9

Nelson, Gil, Patrick Sweeney, and Edward Gilbert. "Use of globally unique identifiers (GUIDs) to link herbarium specimen records to physical specimens." Applications in Plant Sciences 6, no. 2 (2018): e1027. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13511635.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) With the advent of the U.S. National Science Foundation's Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections program and related worldwide digitization initiatives, the rate of herbarium specimen digitization in the United States has expanded exponentially. As the number of electronic herbarium records proliferates, the importance of linking these records to the physical specimens they represent as well as to related records from other sources will intensify. Although a rich and diverse literature has developed over the past decade that addres

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10

Nelson, Gil, Patrick Sweeney, and Edward Gilbert. "Use of globally unique identifiers (GUIDs) to link herbarium specimen records to physical specimens." Applications in Plant Sciences 6, no. 2 (2018): e1027. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13511635.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) With the advent of the U.S. National Science Foundation's Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections program and related worldwide digitization initiatives, the rate of herbarium specimen digitization in the United States has expanded exponentially. As the number of electronic herbarium records proliferates, the importance of linking these records to the physical specimens they represent as well as to related records from other sources will intensify. Although a rich and diverse literature has developed over the past decade that addres

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11

Roma-Marzio, Francesco, Simonetta Maccioni, David Dolci, et al. "Digitization of the historical Herbarium of Michele Guadagno at Pisa (PI-GUAD)." PhytoKeys 234 (October 12, 2023): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.109464.

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The herbarium digitization process is an essential first step in transforming the vast amount of data associated with a physical specimen into flexible digital data formats. In this framework, the Herbarium of the University of Pisa (international code PI), at the end of 2018 started a process of digitization focusing on one of its most relevant collections: the Herbarium of Michele Guadagno (1878–1930). This scholar studied flora and vegetation of different areas of southern Italy, building a large herbarium including specimens collected by himself, plus many specimens obtained through exchan

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Roma-Marzio, Francesco, Simonetta Maccioni, David Dolci, et al. "Digitization of the historical Herbarium of Michele Guadagno at Pisa (PI-GUAD)." PhytoKeys 234 (October 12, 2023): 107–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.234.109464.

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The herbarium digitization process is an essential first step in transforming the vast amount of data associated with a physical specimen into flexible digital data formats. In this framework, the Herbarium of the University of Pisa (international code PI), at the end of 2018 started a process of digitization focusing on one of its most relevant collections: the Herbarium of Michele Guadagno (1878–1930). This scholar studied flora and vegetation of different areas of southern Italy, building a large herbarium including specimens collected by himself, plus many specimens obtained through exchan

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13

Olshanskyi, Ihor, Lydia Tasenkevich, and Maria Seniv. "Authentic specimens of Juncaceae names stored in the Herbarium of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv." Studia Biologica 18, no. 1 (2024): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1801.754.

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Background. The Herbarium of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (LW) is one of the oldest herbaria in Ukraine. It was established in 1783 by Prof. B. Schiwerek. At present, its holdings are estimated at 300,000 specimens, including about 2000 type ones. Scientific processing of herbarium collections, their digitization, and cataloging are in progress. In 2002, the Herbarium of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv was included in the State Register of Scientific Objects of Ukraine that have the national heritage status. The aim of this study was to compile a list of Juncaceae type speci

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Gavioli, Laura, Neus Ibáñez, and Ignasi Soriano. "Type specimens preserved in the Trèmols and Costa herbaria (BC)." Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 73, no. 2 (2016): 041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2410.

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The Trèmols herbarium, preserved at the Botanical Institute of Barcelona, is one of the oldest herbaria in Catalonia, largely made up of European plants collected in 19th century. The digitization of this historical collection, currently in progress, has made possible to locate nomenclatural types of various authors, acquired through exchange. In this article, we indicate two syntypes (for Fumaria caespitosa Loscos and Carex loscosii Lange), and one isolectotype (Polygala vayredae Costa) in Trèmols herbarium. Additionally, we designate the lectotype of Polygala vayredae in the Costa herbarium

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Mandrioli, Mauro. "From Dormant Collections to Repositories for the Study of Habitat Changes: The Importance of Herbaria in Modern Life Sciences." Life 13, no. 12 (2023): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13122310.

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In recent decades, the advent of new technologies for massive and automatized digitization, together with the availability of new methods for DNA sequencing, strongly increased the interest and relevance of herbarium collections for the study of plant biodiversity and evolution. These new approaches prompted new projects aimed at the creation of a large dataset of molecular and phenological data. This review discusses new challenges and opportunities for herbaria in the context of the numerous national projects that are currently ongoing, prompting the study of herbarium specimens for the unde

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Tasenkevich, Lydia, Krystyna Skrypets, Maria Seniv, and Tetiana Khmil. "Digitization of the oldest botanical collection in Ukraine (LW Herbarium): a case study." Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 75 (November 15, 2024): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.14746/biorc.2024.75.2.

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Digitization of natural collections has become very important among all other preservation tasks. One of the ways of non-destructive examination of herbarium specimens is the study of their scanned digital images or photocopies, which makes it possible to reduce mechanical and other influences on specimens. Reconsidering the importance of collections’ digitization became particularly relevant on 24 February 2022, with the start of the last Russian invasion and due to the destruction or severe damage of many of them in the occupied territories. There was concern about the need and urgency to pr

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Novikov, Andriy, and Mariia Sup-Novikova. "Simple and cheap photosystem for herbarium digitization." Plant Introduction 91-92 (December 6, 2021): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46341/pi2021015.

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The digitization of the natural history collections is a crucial task of today. It allows not only sharing the data but also virtually preserving the specimens. This is especially important for small collections that suffer from limited financial support and can be easily lost. Here we share our experience of the building of cheap and simple photosystem that can be used for routine digitization of local herbaria with low or without incomes. This photosystem is modular and based on the regular components that can be easily purchased and/or updated. It is compact and can be conveniently as

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Andriy, Novikov, and Sup-Novikova Mariia. "Simple and cheap photosystem for herbarium digitization." Plant Introduction 91-92 (December 6, 2021): 50–53. https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2021015.

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The digitization of the natural history collections is a crucial task of today. It allows not only sharing the data but also virtually preserving the specimens. This is especially important for small collections that suffer from limited financial support and can be easily lost. Here we share our experience of the building of cheap and simple photosystem that can be used for routine digitization of local herbaria with low or without incomes. This photosystem is modular and based on the regular components that can be easily purchased and/or updated. It is compact and can be conveniently assemble

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19

Thiers, Barbara M. "Strengthening Partnerships to Safeguard the Future of Herbaria." Diversity 16, no. 1 (2024): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16010036.

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Herbaria remain the primary means of documenting plant life on earth, and the number of herbaria worldwide and the number of specimens they hold continues to grow. Digitization of herbarium specimens, though far from complete, has increased the discoverability of herbarium holdings and has increased the range of studies from which data from herbarium specimens can be used. The rather large number of herbaria about which no current information is available is a source of concern, as is herbarium consolidation and removal of herbaria to offsite storage facilities. Partnerships are key to the fut

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Güntsch, Anton, Dominik Röpert, Katharina Rabe, and Juraj Paule. "Two Million Contributions From Citizen Scientists Accelerate the Digitization of the Berlin Herbarium." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 8 (September 17, 2024): e137169. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.8.137169.

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In 2016, the Botanic Garden Berlin decided to translate into German, the citizen science platform "Les Herbonautes" (Rouhan et al. 2016, developed at the Natural History Museum in Paris) and to integrate it into the digitization workflows of Herbarium Berolinense. "Die Herbonauten" is a web-based platform on which citizen scientists can contribute to the transcription of digital herbarium specimens and their labels.Using a quiz module, users first learn about the various information elements on herbarium labels and their correct semantic assignment and recording. The actual data entry then tak

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Devkota, Shiva. "From the Shadows to the Spotlight: Unveiling Nepal's hidden kingdom of mushrooms and lichens through digitization." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 7 (September 8, 2023): e112376. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.7.112376.

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The digitization of herbarium collections has brought forth a transformative journey, transitioning Nepal's hidden kingdom of mushrooms and lichens from the shadows into the spotlight. Through a collaborative work within the framework of Global Biodiversity Information Facility's Biodiversity Information Fund for Asia (GBIF-BIFA), involving the herbaria (KATH: Nepal's National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories and TUCH: Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University, Nepal), and the research institute, Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (GIIS), a successful unveiling of Nepal's mycolo

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Adu-Gyamfi, Anthony, and Nick Hodgetts. "Bryophytes of Ghana." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e25879. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25879.

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There is currently limited information on plant biodiversity from Ghana. Most of the information openly available has been published by the Ghana Herbarium at the Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana. The Ghana Herbarium has over 100,000 specimens from Ghana and other West African countries. Of these approximately 85% of the specimen labels have been digitized. The database contains information including species names, taxonomic family, barcode number, name of collector(s), locality data, date of collection, description of species and uses of the plants. Data were

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Heberling, J. Mason, L. Alan Prather, and Stephen J. Tonsor. "The Changing Uses of Herbarium Data in an Era of Global Change: An Overview Using Automated Content Analysis." BioScience 69, no. 10 (2019): 812–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz094.

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Abstract Widespread specimen digitization has greatly enhanced the use of herbarium data in scientific research. Publications using herbarium data have increased exponentially over the last century. Here, we review changing uses of herbaria through time with a computational text analysis of 13,702 articles from 1923 to 2017 that quantitatively complements traditional review approaches. Although maintaining its core contribution to taxonomic knowledge, herbarium use has diversified from a few dominant research topics a century ago (e.g., taxonomic notes, botanical history, local observations),

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Stepantsova, N. V., A. P. Seregin, and V. V. Chepinoga. "Digitization of the herbarium collection of Irkutsk State University." Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 22, no. 2 (2023): 354–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023155.

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Since 2019, the Herbarium of Irkutsk State University (IRKU), the largest herbarium collection in Eastern Siberia (150,000 samples), including collections of the XIX century, has been digitized. By March 2023 on the MSU Digital Herbarium platform (https://plant.depo.msu.ru/) 42,297 samples of the IRKU collection from various regions of Siberia and the Far East are freely available. Among them there are species included in the regional and federal Red Books. A modular regional portal “Flora of Baikal Siberia” has been created (https://baikal.depo.msu.ru/) containing 64,163 samples from the terr

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Tulig, Melissa, Nicole Tarnowsky, Michael Bevans, Anthony Kirchgessner, and Barbara Thiers. "Increasing the efficiency of digitization workflows for herbarium specimens." ZooKeys 209 (July 20, 2012): 103–13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.209.3125.

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The New York Botanical Garden Herbarium has been databasing and imaging its estimated 7.3 million plant specimens for the past 17 years. Due to the size of the collection, we have been selectively digitizing fundable subsets of specimens, making successive passes through the herbarium with each new grant. With this strategy, the average rate for databasing complete records has been 10 specimens per hour. With 1.3 million specimens databased, this effort has taken about 130,000 hours of staff time. At this rate, to complete the herbarium and digitize the remaining 6 million specimens, another 6

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Stadnicka-Futoma, Agata, and Marcin Nobis. "Geographical–Historical Analysis of the Herbarium Specimens Representing the Economically Important Family Amaranthaceae (Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae Clade) Collected in 1821–2022 and Preserved in the Herbarium of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow." Biology 13, no. 6 (2024): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13060435.

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Herbaria constitute a form of documentation, store and secure comparative material, as well as constitute an extra original gene bank. They are an invaluable database among others for the biological, ethnobotanical and agricultural sciences. The digitization of herbarium collections significantly facilitates access to archival materials; however, searching them is still time-consuming. Therefore, our work aims to analyze the herbarium collection of 8801 sheets for specimens representing the economically important family Amaranthaceae (Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae clade) deposited the oldest he

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Engledow, Henry, Sofie De Smedt, Quentin Groom, et al. "Managing a Mass Digitization Project at Meise Botanic Garden: From Start to Finish." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e25912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25912.

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Mass digitization is a large undertaking for a collection. It is disruptive of routine and can challenge long-held practises. Having been through the procedure and survived, we feel we have a lot of experience to share with other institutions who are considering taking on this challenge. The changes that digitization has made to our institution are positive and the digitization a success, but that is not to say that we would not have done some things differently, were we to repeat the exercise. In 2015 Meise Botanic Garden received a grant from the Flemish Government to upgrade its digitizatio

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Barber, Anne, C. Skema, Michelle Mancini, and Timothy Block. "Assessing Herbarium Specimen Image Quality with FineFocus." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e26181. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26181.

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The Mid-Atlantic Megalopolis Thematic Collections Network, a digitization project funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, seeks to digitize ca. 800,000 herbarium specimens through imaging, transcription, and georeferencing. The use of autofocus alone in herbarium specimen imaging with a digital single-lens reflex camera does not yield consistently sharp images, even with relatively two-dimensional specimens and a proper selection of focus point. The FineFocus technique provides a way of assessing contrast, as a proxy for focus quality, through analysis of a standard text target using t

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De, Smedt Sofie, Ann Bogaerts, Quentin Groom, and Henry Engledow. "Botanicalcollections.be: The New Virtual Herbarium of Meise Botanic Garden (BR)." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26140. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26140.

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The botanicalcollections.be website (<u>http://www.botanicalcollections.be</u>) is the culmination of the three year Digitale Ontsluiting Erfgoedcollecties (DOE!) project. Over this period we have digitally imaged 1.2 million African and Belgian herbarium specimens and much of their label data. All these data are freely available on our new virtual herbarium <u>www.botanicalcollections.be.</u> For this we have to thank a generous grant from the Flemish Government. The site was officially launched on the 23rd March, 2018, at the Fourth Annual Meeting of Plant Ecology and Evolution held at Bouch

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Thiers, Barbara M., Melissa C. Tulig, and Kimberly A. Watson. "Digitization of The New York Botanical Garden Herbarium." Brittonia 68, no. 3 (2016): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12228-016-9423-7.

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Harlow, Mary, Lawrence Schmidt, and Paula Munoz. "Digitization of the Grand Teton National Park Herbarium." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 29 (January 1, 2005): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2005.3599.

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Examples of digitization projects in the history of science are understood to have lasting consequences for the intellectual history of their fields (Petersen, 2005; Roes 2001). Following this trend, herbarium collections around the world are beginning to be digitized with positive results for their institutions (Begnoche, 2002; Ong, 2002). Librarians, with their long history of making collections accessible, are participating in this trend (Foster, 2005). The University of Wyoming Libraries encourage Librarians to develop and maintain collections in a variety of subjects, and the Libraries ar

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Adu-Gyamfi, Anthony, and Nick Hodgetts. "Bryophytes of Ghana." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e25879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25879.

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There is currently limited information on plant biodiversity from Ghana. Most of the information openly available has been published by the Ghana Herbarium at the Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana. The Ghana Herbarium has over 100,000 specimens from Ghana and other West African countries. Of these approximately 85% of the specimen labels have been digitized. The database contains information including species names, taxonomic family, barcode number, name of collector(s), locality data, date of collection, description of species and uses of the plants. Data were

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33

Engledow, Henry, Smedt Sofie De, Quentin Groom, et al. "Managing a Mass Digitization Project at Meise Botanic Garden: From Start to Finish." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e25912. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25912.

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Mass digitization is a large undertaking for a collection. It is disruptive of routine and can challenge long-held practises. Having been through the procedure and survived, we feel we have a lot of experience to share with other institutions who are considering taking on this challenge. The changes that digitization has made to our institution are positive and the digitization a success, but that is not to say that we would not have done some things differently, were we to repeat the exercise. In 2015 Meise Botanic Garden received a grant from the Flemish Government to upgrade its digitizatio

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Novikov, Andriy, Mariia Sup-Novikova, Viktor Nachychko, and Oleksandr Kuzyarin. "Testing color reference charts for the herbarium digitization purposes." Plant Introduction 101-102 (July 4, 2024): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46341/pi2024004.

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The current paper represents the continuation of the testing of the budget photosystems for herbarium digitization and aims to demonstrate the color reproduction accuracy besides other colorimetric characteristics of five color reference targets. It was shown that cheap color reference targets of Charttu can be applied for digitization purposes, at least in the brand-new condition. However, the color degradation of Charttu targets during use should still be evaluated. At the same time, the color accuracy of the X-Rite Color Checker Classic Mini was found to be highly degraded after several yea

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Romanchuk, V. V., and A. A. Abiltaeva. "Digitization of herbarium collection of Manash Kozybaev North-Kazakhstan university as a result of digital technology integration in herbarology." Vestnik of M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, no. 3 (63) (September 17, 2024): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54596/2958-0048-2024-3-58-66.

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Nowadays, all areas of human knowledge are firmly interacting with digital technologies. These technologies open up new approaches to study and research methods in most scientific fields.The article shows the integration of digital technologies in herbarium science. The relevance of digitization of herbarium collections is described. An algorithm for creating a digital herbarium is presented and a method for publishing the data is proposed. The limiting factors and advantages of working with electronic herbarium are noted.

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Barkworth, Mary, and Zack Murrell. "The US Virtual Herbarium: working with individual herbaria to build a national resource." ZooKeys 209 (July 20, 2012): 55–73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.209.3205.

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The goal of the US Virtual Herbarium (USVH) project is to digitize (database, image, georeference) all specimens in all US herbaria, enabling them to be made available through a single portal. Herbaria house specimens of plants, fungi, and algae, so USVH will offer a rich portrait of biodiversity in the US and in the other countries represented in US herbaria. Equally importantly, working towards this goal will engage people with herbaria and the organisms they house, expanding their appreciation of both the power of biodiversity informatics and the demands that it places on data providers whi

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Albach, Dirk C. "From just a few to the most type-rich herbarium for Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae) - The effect of digitization of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle herbarium in Paris." Adansonia 47, no. 7 (2025): 47–130. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2025v47a7.

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Albach, Dirk C. (2025): From just a few to the most type-rich herbarium for Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae) - The effect of digitization of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle herbarium in Paris. Adansonia (3) 47 (7): 47-130, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a7, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a7.pdf

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Barber, Anne, C. Skema, Michelle Mancini, and Timothy Block. "Assessing Herbarium Specimen Image Quality with FineFocus." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e26181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26181.

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The Mid-Atlantic Megalopolis Thematic Collections Network, a digitization project funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, seeks to digitize ca. 800,000 herbarium specimens through imaging, transcription, and georeferencing. The use of autofocus alone in herbarium specimen imaging with a digital single-lens reflex camera does not yield consistently sharp images, even with relatively two-dimensional specimens and a proper selection of focus point. The FineFocus technique provides a way of assessing contrast, as a proxy for focus quality, through analysis of a standard text target using t

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Mihaly, Andriy V., Vasyl I. Sabadosh, Vasyl I. Roman, and Myroslav V. Shevera. "Database and Digitization of Regional Historical Herbaria: A Case Study of Margittai Collection in the Uzhhorod National University Herbarium (UU)." Diversity 16, no. 4 (2024): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16040211.

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The digitization of herbarium collections guarantees a preservation and long-term use of scientifically valuable objects, e.g., wide and convenient access to these materials online and exchange between institutions. These are also important elements in the education and popularization of botanical knowledge. No less significant is the practical aspect of these studies due to the danger of these collections’ destruction as a result of Russian aggression—some of them have already been destroyed. The analyzed Margittai collection (1500 specimens) is kept at the Uzhhorod National University Herbar

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Tulig, Melissa, Nicole Tarnowsky, Michael Bevans, Anthony Kirchgessner, and Barbara Thiers. "Increasing the efficiency of digitization workflows for herbarium specimens." ZooKeys 209 (July 20, 2012): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.209.3125.

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Atria, Mega, Ghifari Rahmandika, Andi Salamah, Saifudin Saifudin, and Afiatry Putrika. "Management of Pyrrosia Mirb. (Polypodiaceae) Fern Specimens in Herbarium Depokensis (UIDEP) Universitas Indonesia, Depok." Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi 18, no. 1 (2024): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v1i1.40499.

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AbstractThe herbarium harbors collections of preserved plants used for scientific purposes. It is important to keep information about plants in a valid herbarium collection. This study aims to establish a valid collection and database of Pyrrosia stored in Herbarium Depokensis (UIDEP) through herbarium management. The management process includes taxonomic validation, specimen revitalization, and digitization. Taxonomic validation results showed there were 3 species of Pyrrosia namely P. piloselloides, P. lanceolata, and P. longifolia. These three species can be distinguished by rhizome scales,

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Vissers, Jorick, den Bosch Frederik Van, Ann Bogaerts, et al. "Scientific user requirements for a herbarium data portal." PhytoKeys 78 (March 24, 2017): 37–57. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.78.10936.

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The digitization of herbaria and their online access will greatly facilitate access to plant collections around the world. This will improve the efficiency of taxonomy and help reduce inequalities between scientists. The Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium, is currently digitizing 1.2 million specimens including label data. In this paper we describe the user requirements analysis conducted for a new herbarium web portal. The aim was to identify the required functionality, but also to assist in the prioritization of software development and data acquisition. The Garden conducted the analysis in coope

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Harlow, Mary, and Lawrence Schmidt. "Digitization of the Grand Teton National Park Herbarium, 2006-2007." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 30 (January 1, 2006): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2006.3641.

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Examples of digitization projects in the history of science are understood to have lasting consequences for the intellectual history of their fields (Petersen, 2005; Roes 2001). Following this trend, herbarium collections around the world are beginning to be digitized with positive results for their institutions (Begnoche, 2002; Ong, 2002). Librarians, with their long history of making collections accessible, are participating in this trend (Foster, 2005). This project expands the University of Wyoming Libraries work in the digitizing of a unique collection of plant specimens.

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Slijkhuis, Olaf. "Mass Digitization of a Scientific Biodiversity Collection." Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 4 (September 30, 2014): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2014.4.35.

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In late 2012 the Dutch biodiversity center Naturalis published a tender for the mass digitization of herbarium sheets. Picturae proposed a solution with an industrial approach consisting of a conveyor belt construction with a fully automated processing workflow. From checking the technical parameters of the digital images to cropping and making all the derivatives. The digital images can be delivered to the network right after scanning. This approach makes it possible to produce high quality digital images without expertise of the operator.

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Е.А., ПИНЖЕНИНА, ПЕТРУК А.А., ХАН И.В. та КОВТОНЮК Н.К. "РОД GALIUM (RUBIACEAE) В ЦИФРОВОМ ГЕРБАРИИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО СИБИРСКОГО БОТАНИЧЕСКОГО САДА СО РАН (NS, NSK)". Растительный мир Азиатской России 16, № 4 (2023): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/rmar20230406.

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Во время инвентаризации коллекций, хранящихся в Гербариях ЦСБС СО РАН (NS, NSK), оцифровано и депонировано в Цифровой гербарий 3724 образца 88 таксонов рода Galium (Rubiaceae). В Гербарии им. И.М. Красноборова (NS) род Galium представлен 2023 экземплярами, а в Гербарии им. М.Г. Попова (NSK) - 1700 экземпляров, всего 78 видов, 7 подвидов, 2 разновидности и 1 гибрид. Результаты оцифровки были опубликованы в виде набора данных (датасет) в GBIF. Дана краткая история таксономического изучения коллекций рода Galium, процитированы этикетки типовых образцов G. pobedimovae Balde, G. zaisanicum Pinzheni

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Thirukokaranam, Chandrasekar Krishna Kumar, Kenzo Milleville, and Steven Verstockt. "Species Detection and Segmentation of Multi-specimen Historical Herbaria." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 5 (September 7, 2021): e74060. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.5.74060.

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Historically, herbarium specimens have provided users with documented occurrences of plants in specific locations over time. Herbarium collections have therefore been the basis of systematic botany for centuries (Younis et al. 2020). According to the latest summary report based on the data from Index Herbariorum, there are around 3400 active herbaria in the world containing 397 million specimens that are spread across 182 countries (Thiers 2021). Exponential growth in high quality image capturing devices induced by the enormous amount of uncovered collections has further led to rising interest

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Barber, Anne, Daryl Lafferty, and Leslie R. Landrum. "The SALIX Method: A semi-automated workflow for herbarium specimen digitization." Taxon 62, no. 3 (2013): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/623.16.

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Takano, Atsuko, Yasuhiko Horiuchi, Hajime Konagai, Chung-Kun Lee, and Hiromune Mitsuhashi. "Development of an Automated Label Data Entry System from Herbarium Specimen Images at Hyogo Herbarium (HYO)." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 8 (September 30, 2024): e138060. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.8.138060.

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We would like to introduce our recently developed systems for taking images of herbarium specimens and for the automatic extraction of data from specimen labels at the Herbarium of the Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Japan (HYO).Firstly, we designed a low-cost, but high-quality specimen imaging system for non-professional photographers to obtain images rapidly (Takano et al. 2019). Our system uses a mass-produced, mirrorless single-lens reflex (SLR) camera (SONY ILCE6300) with a zoom lens (Samyang Optics SYIO35AF-E35 mm F/2.8). We made a photo stand by ourselves to reduce costs.

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URZICEANU, Mihaela, Aylar AKYNIYAZOVA, Ioana-Minodora SÎRBU, and Paulina ANASTASIU. "SPECIES OF THE ARTEMISIA GENUS IN THE HERBARIUM OF THE BOTANIC GARDEN “D. BRANDZA”, UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST." Acta Horti Botanici Bucurestiensis 50, no. 1/2024 (2024): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62229/ahbb.2024.50.5.

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This study presents an assessment of the Artemisia collection at the BUC Herbarium of the University of Bucharest, which holds 324 specimens spanning 19 taxa collected over more than a century. The aim was to document and organize the collection, ensuring accurate taxonomic identification, correcting nomenclatural inconsistencies, and creating a digital database for improved accessibility. This work draws on the contributions of numerous historic collectors, enriching the collection's significance as a botanical and ecological resource. Through continued curation and digitization, the BUC Herb

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Milby, Allen W. "An American botanist on the Nile: uncovering Asa Gray's plant specimens from his trip to North Africa, 1868–1869." Archives of Natural History 52, no. 1 (2025): 13–25. https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2025.0960.

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Harvard botanist Asa Gray (1810–1888) has long been celebrated for his many contributions to the floras of North America, Asia, South America, and the Pacific, but never Africa. Recently, specimens collected by Gray in North Africa during a vacation in Egypt on the Nile have now been uncovered in the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University, making him a contributor to the rich flora of that continent. This paper presents these specimens and the trip that led to their collection. Herbarium digitization is also discussed in the context of this research.

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