To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Herbe medicinale.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Herbe medicinale'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Herbe medicinale.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Lefebvre-Poirette, Armelle. "Utilisation des herbes médicinales dans les hépatopathies chroniques : étude prospective chez 411 patients vus consécutivement en consultation dans le service d'Hépatogastroentérologie de Montpellier." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11141.
Full text
2
Tam, Chun Fung. "Microscopic identification of western medicinal herbs." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/917.
Full text
3
Nduka, Jane. "New anticancer agents from Chinese medicinal herbs." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680639.
Full text
4
Wong, Queenie Lai Lai. "Pharmacognostic studies on folk medicinal herb xihuangcao." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/215.
Full textAbstract:
Xihuangcao is a folk medicinal herb used in southern China with three botanical origins: Isodon lophanthoides (IL), I. lophanthoides var. graciliflorus (ILG) and I. serra (IS). They are often used indiscriminately, numerous commercially available herbal products list Xihuangcao as an ingredient without listing the source. This situation has led to a growing concern about the differentiation and quality evaluation of Xihuangcao. To address this concern, a systematic study was conducted to identify the origin. The study is divided into five parts, which aimed to establish and apply the authentication methods of the origins. Four Isodon species were recorded in research papers as the plant sources. However, a new classification suggested in 2004 and two of the IL varieties were merged. In the ancient herbal documents, ILG was first recorded as the origin plant. IL was the major species in the ancient texts, IS was only listed as an additional sources in recent herbal references. The“yellow juices which proven to be the exudates of glandular scales was the key identification features recorded. Macroscopic and microscopic studies provided identification features of the three Isodon species. IL and ILG share very similar features, but IS can be easily distinguished. By morphological features, IL and ILG can be distinguished by the shape of leaves, which IL has a broader leaves than ILG; IS can be identified by its very bitter taste and broadly winged petioles. By microscopic features, IL and ILG have a tiny difference in the shape of epidermal cells of leaf, and IS can be recognized by small raphides of calcium oxalate. In the UPLC-MS fingerprinting and tissue-specific profiling, the chemical profiles the three species were revealed. The chemical profiles of IL and ILG were similar, while IS has its specific chemical profiles. Twenty-seven characteristic peaks were chosen and showed a good distinction of the three species. The tissue-specific profiling of leaves showed the diterpenoids of all the species were accumulated only in the glandular scales. Lipidomics study on IL, ILG and IS was also conducted. A total of 92 lipids were identified. The variation of lipid profiles of the three Isodon species was further quantified, the results showed that the contents of the lipids in the three Isodon species varied. Statistical analyses showed IS has distinctly different lipid profile, while that of IL and ILG are very similar. Finally, the methods of macroscopic microscopic authentication and UPLC-MS fingerprinting were applied in identifying the source species of commercial Xihuangcao products. Twenty-seven batches of Xihuangcao decoction pieces were identified, results showed ILG is the major source of the collected samples. The ingredients in eight Xihuangcao herbal tea bags were also identified. IS is the major species, and none of the samples match their labels. The study provided valuable information on the authentication and quality control of folk medicinal herb Xihuangcao. The work also provided fundamental information on further studies on the chemical constituents of IL and ILG, also and role of lipids in the production of bioactive diterpenoids in Isodon species
5
Albrecht, Matthew A. "Reproductive Biology of Medicinal Woodland Herbs Indigenous to the Appalachians." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1163427974.
Full text
6
Xu, Jun. "Improved approaches and strategies for analyzing decoctions of medicinal herbs." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/216.
Full textAbstract:
Herbs have been the basis for medical treatments through much of human history, and even now such herbalism is still widely practiced around the world. Most frequently and traditionally, water is used as the extraction solvent for preparing medicinal herbs to generate decoction or infusion for medicinal purpose. In other words, in most cases, multiple chemical components in water extracts should be responsible for therapeutic (toxic and side, if any) effects of medicinal herbs. Phytochemical analysis of water extracts for quality control of medicinal herbs is therefore important to ensure their safeties and efficacies. Unfortunately, however, it is not given enough attention in the modern research whereas the relative current studies are intensively focused on organic solvent-extracts of medicinal herbs. In this project, analysis of medicinal herbs’ water extracts is thus focused. Various analytical approaches have been exhaustively developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemicals in water extracts of medicinal herbs. However, many research challenges in methodology still exist. Polysaccharides and small molecules are two most important kinds of chemcials in water extracts of medicinal herbs, so they also widely regarded as markers for quality evaluation. For analysis of small molecules, the levels of quantitative determination are always far unsatisfactory, normally less than 10%. For analysis of polysaccharides, the existed problems are even more serious in both sample preparation and chemical analysis. Ethanol precipitation is always the first step for crude polysaccharide preparation. But it is just directly used without optimization and its capacity has never been evaluated. Following that, chemical analysis of natural polysaccharide also suffers severe methodological bottlenecks and many drawbacks occurre in qualitative and quantitative characterization. Besides, polysaccharides and small molecules in medicinal herbs are always individually investigated but hardly studied together before. Concerning these issues, here several approaches and stratigies were accordingly proposed to improve the current situations using decoctions of some traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) as the research objects and examples. In detail, first, a quantitative method was developed for quality evaluation of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang. In this study, quantitative levels of small molecules were greatly improved, compared with the current analogous studies for quality evaluation of medicinal herbs. Then, shifting to polysaccharides, availability of ethanol precipitation for natural polysaccharide precipitation was critically evaluated. Parameters which could affect the ethanol precipitation results, such as structural features, molecular size of polysaccharide, and ethanol concentration were systematically investigated. Successively, a novel and rapid HPGPC-based strategy for quality control of saccharide-dominant medicinal herbs was proposed using Dendrobium officinale as the example. Polysaccharides in the decoction of Dendrobium officinale were qualitatively and quantitatively determined. The methodological superiority of the developed method compared with conventional approaches was highlighted. To facilitate this study, research on chemistry, bioactivity and quality control of Dendrobium was systematically reviewed in advance. After that, small molecules and polysaccharides in in Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma were compared together. Lastly, effects of ginseng polysaccharides on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rg1 on induced immunosuppressive model rats was investigated to provide a chemically holistic view for Du-Shen-Tang. By these studies, the above mentioned predicament in chemical analysis on both small molecuels and polysaccharides in water extracts of medicinal herbs were methodologically improved to varying degrees. Concerning small molecules and polysaccharides from multiple perspectives, the successive studies are helpful for enhancing quality evaluation and scientific understanding of medicinal herbs’ decoctions.
7
Ahmed, Abdul-Kareem H. "SIGN HERE : informed consent in personalized medicine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83832.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M. in Science Writing)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, 2013.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 27-30).
The next era of medicine will be one of personalization, scientists and physicians promise. Personalized medicine is a refined clinical approach in which clinicians will utilize your genomic information to help you prevent disease, and tailor targeted therapies for you when you fall ill. This is the future science has slowly been approaching. However, the human genome is not enough, not unless we can decipher its language. One ambitious study to this effect is the Personal Genome Project, led by Dr. George Church at Harvard Medical School. This project will eventually recruit 100,000 volunteers to donate their genomes and a full body of information concerning their biological health. With this data, Church hopes others can cross-analyze these profiles and better determine the role in disease of each gene of the human genome. However, the Personal Genome Project is as much a study in the ethical, legal and social aspects of genomic studies as it is an effort toward personalized medicine. Church envisions a future where privacy cannot be guaranteed. Society is becoming more open and technology is more invasive than ever. Considering this, Church has informed his participants that their information will likely not remain anonymous. With their fully informed consent, he has in turn made all this data public, to promote open science. This ethical approach raises several important questions about expansive genomic studies. The scientific community will have to decide on an approach that will eventually deliver personalized medicine. On one end of the spectrum, there is Church's open approach, and the other, more security, more firewalls and more legislation. In order for personalized medicine to become a reality, society will have to prepare itself for our ever-changing ethical, technological and scientific landscape.
by Abdul-Kareem H. Ahmed.
S.M.in Science Writing
8
Glover, Denise M. "Up from the roots : contextualizing medicinal plant classifications of Tibetan doctors in Rgyalthang, PRC /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6487.
Full text
9
Sagbo, Idowu Jonas. "Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial properties of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Brachylaena elliptica (Thurb.) dc. and Brachylaena ilicifolia (Lam.) Phill & Schweick." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1021289.
Full textAbstract:
Resistance of human pathogenic bacterial strains results in selective pressure against known antibiotic. However, plant derived compounds that possess antibacterial potential are currently being investigated for treatment of wound infections in diabetic patients as they are inexpensive and non-toxic. Hence, this dissertation was designed to evaluate two medicinal plants (Brachylaena elliptica and Brachylaena ilicifolia) traditionally used in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, and its secondary complications in diabetic patients. The in vitro antioxidant activity of both plants were evaluated using DPPH (1, 1-diphenylhydrazl), ferric reducing power, ABTS (2, 2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), NO (nitric oxide) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) techniques. The antibacterial test and Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method against 5 bacteria strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogene, Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis) infecting wounds in diabetic patients using amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin as positive control. The phytochemical analyses were assessed using standard published methods. Identification of bioactive components in essential oils of both plants were assessed using GCMS. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of both plants were also evaluated to identify bioactive components using LC-MS. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, flavanoids, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, saponins and alkaloids in both plants. Both plants indicated strong antioxidant activities which might be due to the presence of bioactive compounds. The aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of both plants demonstrated appreciable broad spectrum activities against these wound pathogens with MIC ranging between 5 and 0.3 mg/ml. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oils of both plants revealed the presence of monoterpenes, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, phenolics and esters. The LC-MS analysis of the aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of both plants showed that both plants are rich in alkaloids, terpenes, terpenoids, monoterpernoids, and flavanoids. Conclusively, this study has partially justified the ethnomedicinal use of B. elliptica and B.licifolia leaves for the treatment of various diseases, including diabetes and wound infections caused by bacteria in diabetic patients. These may be attributed to the presence of antioxidant compound such as phenols, flavanoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and other phytochemical compounds.
10
Chau, Ka-yee. "Health status of Chinese medicine users." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36887110.
Full text
11
Wake, George. "Cholinergic phytochemicals from medicinal herbs : potential sources of novel dementia treatments." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366551.
Full text
12
Mak, Chiu-sheung Simon. "Efficacy of herbal medicine on neurodegenerative diseases a systematic review /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40738905.
Full text
13
Oliveira, Stella Minasi de. "A utilização de plantas medicinais na promoção e na recuperação da saúde nas comunidades pertencente às equipes do programa de saúde da família do município do Rio Grande, RS." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2003. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2448.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação(mestrado)- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem, 2003.Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-08-21T19:52:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 stelladeoliveira.pdf: 555050 bytes, checksum: aa5e6bdb5c67d644d010c94f4245c1dd (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-08-25T22:07:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 stelladeoliveira.pdf: 555050 bytes, checksum: aa5e6bdb5c67d644d010c94f4245c1dd (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-25T22:07:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 stelladeoliveira.pdf: 555050 bytes, checksum: aa5e6bdb5c67d644d010c94f4245c1dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
The use of medicinal herbs as a therapeutic alternative has been encouraged lately. This study has evaluated the use of these herbs to promote and recover health in communities which are monitored by the health teams of the Family Health Program in Rio Grande, RS. Their uses, how knowledge about these herbs is transmitted, the most used ones, their manipulation and preparation, their popular indication compared to literature, the first action taken in case of sickness in the family, and their uses associated with allopathic medication, were investigated. Ninety five percent out of 360 interviewees reported that they use medicinal herbs. In this study, the knowledge about medicinal herbs was taught mostly by mothers to their daughters (55.68%), or by their grandmothers (19.82%). Thirteen herbs were used by more than 50% of the interviewees: Egletes viscosa L. (88.62%), Mikania glomerata (81.87%), Foeniculum vulgare (77.84%), Peumus boldus molina (77.55%), Malva silvestris L. (72.88%), Plantago tomentosa L. (71.26%), (68.22%), Lippi alba B. (67.25%), Cymbopogon citratus (66.18%), Baccharis triptera (63.63%), Pimpinella anisium (60.64%), Pimpinella anisium (58.53%), and Mentha (53.50%). Considering these herbs, most are used against illnesses in the digestive tract, specially, Peumus boldus molina, Egletes viscosa, Foeniculum vulgare, Baccharis triptera and the Mentha. To alleviate pain, infection, and inflammation, both Malva silvestris L. and Plantago tomentosa L. were suggested. Mikania glomerata was the herb most interviewees suggested in case of respiratory diseases. In case of emotional instability, Pimpinella anisium and Cymbopogon citratus were suggested. The use of teas made of medicinal herbs was mentioned by 68.03% of the interviewees as being the first step taken in case of sickness in the family. The use of these herbs associated with allopathic medication was mentioned by only 29.61% of the interviewees. These data show us that medicinal herbs play a very important role in the prevention and promotion of health in this community and that knowledge about them is transmitted mainly from one generation to another. There is some connection between popular knowledge and practice, and prescriptions found in literature. Aiming at building a public policy for medicinal herbs, this study offers subsidies so that it can be carried out in our city.
En los años pasados lo han estimulado el uso de plantas medicinales como forma de alternativa terapéutico. Este estudio evaluó el uso de estas plantas en la promoción y la recuperación de la salud en comunidades folloied para los equipos del programa de la salud de la familia del Río Grande-RS. El uso, la forma de transmisión del conocimiento en las plantas medicinales, las plantas uso principales, su forma de manipulación y preparación, su indicación popular compararon con la indicación de la literatura, el primer comportamiento adoptado en caso de que de enfermedad en la familia y el uso asociado hubiera sido investigado la medicación del alopática. De la 360 gente entrevistada con, el 95% habían dicho el uso de plantas medicinales. En este estudio el conocimiento en las plantas medicinales era excedente adquirido todo de la madre para el hijo (el 55.68%) o con la abuela (el 19.82%). Trece plantas habían sido utilizadas para más el de 50% entrevistadas con: macela (el 88.62%), guaco (el 81.87%), funcho (el 77.84%), boldo (el 77.55%), color de malva (el 72.88%), transagem (el 71.26%), palminha (el 68.22%), hierba-cidreira (el 67.25%), capim-cidrão (el 66.18%), carqueja (el 63.63%), anís (el 60.64%), hierba-caramelo (el 58.53%) y menta (el 53.50%). De éstos la mayoría es utlizadas para afecções del tratamiento gastrointestinal que es boldo distinguido, macela, funcho, carqueja y la menta. Para la relevación del dolor, las infecciones y las inflamaciones habían sido indicadas el color de malva y el transagem. El guaco era la planta indicada más para afecções del sistema respiratorio. Para los cuadros del malestar emocional la hierbacidreira y el capim habían sido cidrão indicado. El uso de los tés de plantas medicinales era referenciado por el 68.03% entrevistados con como primero comportamiento adoptado en caso de que de la enfermedad en la familia. El uso asociado de estas plantas con la medicación del alopática fue relacionado por solamente 29.61% entrevistadas con. Estos datos en la demostración ellas que el excedente todo de las plantas medicinales tiene un papel muy importante en la prevención y la promoción de la salud de esta población que es este conocimiento transmitido de la Inter geracional forma. Tiene un empalme entre saber y popular práctico y las indicaciones a ellas encontró en literatures. En la vista de la construcción de una política pública de plantas medicinales, este trabajo trae los subsidios para la implantación de esto en nuestra ciudad.
14
Blackwelder, Reid B. "Drug-Herb Interactions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6913.
Full text
15
Harrelson, Sarah. "Floristic Survey of the Terrestrial Vascular Flora of Strouds Run State Park, Athens County, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1113581854.
Full text
16
Wang, Xiao Suo School of Medical Science UNSW. "Mass spectrometric characterization and analysis of anti-oxidative properties of medicinal herbs." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medical Science, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19180.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this project was to investigate a range of medicinal herbs which have radical scavenging and antioxidant activities and then apply novel mass spectrometric techniques to investigate and analyse active components responsible for their pharmaceutical actions. A sensitive electron capture negative ionization of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ECNI-GC-MS) method was developed to assess hydroxyl radical production, as indicated by 3.4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) production, which allows excellent evaluation of hydroxyl radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of a number of medicinal Chinese herbs. Melatonin is an effective multiple radical scavenger and antioxidant and has been used in this study for the comparison of radical scavenging activity with medicinal herbs. To analyse active compounds from herbal extracts, mass spectrometric techniques were used to separate components that suppressed hydroxyl radical production from Dimocarpus longan Lour, determine known ginsenosides from ginseng extracts as well as to identify and quantify melatonin in ten herbal extarcts. The results obtained indicated that 1) the utilization of alumina in the ECNI-GC-MS method diminished interferences from ???noise??? products in a Fenton-type reaction, which allows obtaining pure final hydroxyl radical product and this method demonstrated optimal sensitivity and reliability; 2) Aqueous extracts of all herbs analysed showed different levels of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Dimocarpus longan Lour, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, Lonicera hypoglauca Miq, Ginkgo biloba L, Rehmannia flutinosa and Libosch Cornus officinalis Sieb all exhibited stronger inhibitory effect on hydroxyl radical production than melatonin. 3) Aqueous extract of Dimocarpus longan Lour. showed the greatest inhibitory effect on hydroxyl radical production among the other herbs tested. The active fractions of this herb eluted just after the void volume using HPLC suggesting that the active compounds responsible for radical scavenging activity are polar and water soluble. They may belong to phenol group of chemicals. 4) Herbal extracts using non-polar solvents showed no effect on hydroxyl radical production suggesting active compounds in those herbs are water soluble. 5) Different species and origins of ginseng were compared for their radical scavenging activity. Chinese fresh ginseng (Oriental ginseng) showed higher activity than Korean ginseng tablet and American ginseng. Seven known active ginsenosides were identified using HPLC-MS-MS. 6) Melatonin was found at varying concentrations in ten herbs, which may contribute to the radical scavenging activity of herbs, on the other hand, it may provide the justification of clinical use and food resources, particularly for those herbs contain high level of melatonin.
17
Cheng, Chung Wah. "Chinese herbal medicine for functional constipation." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1090.
Full text
18
Au, Ching Tung Dawn. "Pharmacognostical studies on Hakka herbal medicine Wuzhimaotao." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/991.
Full text
19
Tagintseva, Taisiya Y. "The use of herbal medicine by U.S. immigrants from the former Soviet Union." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2005/t%5Ftagintseva%5F072205.pdf.
Full text
20
麥超常 and Chiu-sheung Simon Mak. "Efficacy of herbal medicine on neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40738905.
Full text
21
Fu, Hoi-man Kelvin. "The immunomodulatory effects of Chinese medicinal products Yun Zhi and Danshen : flow cytometric studies /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575916.
Full text
22
Adefuye, Ogheneochuko Janet. "Anti-diabetic and phytochemical analysis of sutherlandia frutescens extracts." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3549.
Full textAbstract:
In Africa, the importance of medicinal plants in folklore medicine and their contribution to primary healthcare is well recognized. Across the continent, local herbal mixtures still provide the only therapeutic option for about 80% of the population. The vast floral diversity and the intrinsic ethnobotanical knowledge has been the backbone of localized traditional herbal medical practices. In Africa, an estimated 5400 of the 60000 described plant taxa possess over 16300 therapeutic uses. Similarly, with a therapeutic flora comprising of approximately 650 species, herbal medical practitioners in South Africa, make use of a plethora of plants to treat different human diseases and infections. Over the years, studies have identified numerous plant species with potential against chronic metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Globally, the incidence and prevalence of T2DM have reached epidemic proportions affecting people of all ages, nationalities and ethnicity. Considered the fourth leading cause of deaths by disease, T2DM is a global health crisis with an estimated diagnosis and mortality frequency of 1 every 5 seconds and 1 every 7 seconds respectively. Though the exact pathophysiology of T2DM is not entirely understood, initial peripheral insulin resistance in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle with subsequent pancreatic β-cell dysfunction resulting from an attempt to compensate for insulin resistance is a common feature of the disease. The current approach to treating T2DM is the use of oral antidiabetic agents (OAAs), insulin, and incretin-based drugs in an attempt to achieve glycaemic control and maintain glucose homeostasis. However, conventional anti-T2DM drugs have been shown to have limited efficacies and serious adverse effects. Hence, the need for newer, more efficacious and safer anti-T2DM agents. Sutherlandia frutescens subsp. microphylla is a flowering shrub of the pea family (Fabaceae/Leguminaceae) found mainly in the Western Cape and Karoo regions of Southern Africa. Concoctions of various parts of the plant are used in the management of different ailments including T2DM. However, despite extensive biological and pharmacological studies, few analyses exist of the chemical constituents of S. frutescens and no Triple Time of Flight Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (Triple TOF LC/MS/MS) analysis has been performed. The initial aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical profile of hot aqueous, cold aqueous, 80% ethanolic, 100% ethanolic, 80% methanolic and 100% methanolic extracts of a single source S. frutescens plant material using colorimetric and spectrophotometric analysis. The hot aqueous extractant was found to be the best extractant for S. frutescens, yielding 1.99 g of crude extract from 16 g fresh powdered plant material. This data suggests that application of heat and water as the extractant (hot aqueous) could play a vital role in extraction of bioactive compounds from S. frutescens and also justifies the traditional use of a tea infusion of S. frutescens. Colorimetric analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, flavonols, tannins, and phenols in all extracts with varying intensity. The organic extracts 100% methanol, 80% and 100% ethanol exhibited high color intensity (+++) for flavonoids and flavonols respectively, while all the extracts exhibited a moderate color intensity (++) for tannins and phenols. Spectrophotometric analysis of S. frutescens extracts revealed that all the organic extracts contained a significantly higher concentration (in mg/g of extract) of flavonols and tannins when compared to the aqueous extracts. All extracts contained approximately equal levels of phenols. These data confirm the presence of all four groups of bioactive phytocompounds in the S. frutescens extracts used in this study, and also confirm that different solvent extractants possess the capability to differentially extract specific groups of phytocompounds. in individual extracts. Further comparison of these compounds with online databases of anti-diabetic phytocompounds led to the preliminary identification of 10 possible anti-diabetic compounds; α-Pinene, Limonene, Sabinene, Carvone, Myricetin, Rutin, Stigmasterol, Emodin, Sarpagine and Hypoglycin B in crude and solid phase extraction (SPE) fractions of S. frutesecens. Furthermore, using two hepatic cell lines (Chang and HepG2) as an in-vtro model system, the anti-T2DM properties of crude aqueous and organic extracts of S. frutescents was investigated and compared. Both aqueous and organic extracts of S. frutescens were found to decrease gluconeogenesis, increase glucose uptake and decrease lipid accumulation (Triacylglycerol, Diacylglycerol, and Monoacylglycerol) in Chang and HepG2 hepatic cell cultures made insulin resistant (IR) following exposure to high concentration of insulin and fructose. Using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the aqueous and organic extracts of S. frutescens were confirmed to regulate the expression of Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3), Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), and Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) in insulin resistant hepatic cells. IR-mediated downregulation of VAMP3, MAPK8, and IRS1 mRNA in IR HepG2 hepatic cell cultures was reversed in the presence of aqueous and organic extracts of S. frutescens. The hot aqueous extract displayed the highest activity in all the assays, while all the organic extracts displayed similar potency. In conclusion, this study reports that aqueous and organic extracts of S. frutescens possess numerous anti-diabetic compounds that can be further investigated for the development of new, more efficacious and less toxic anti-diabetic agents. The presence of multiple compounds in a single extract does suggest a synergistic or combinatorial therapeutic effect. These findings support the burgeoning body of in-vivo and in-vitro literature evidence on the anti-diabetic properties of S. frutescens and its use in folklore medicine.
23
Rohloff, Jens. "Cultivation of Herbs and Medicinal Plants in Norway - Essential Oil Production and Quality Control." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-415.
Full textAbstract:
Essential oils (EO) are plant secondary metabolites that are known for their fragrance and food flavour properties. They consist of a complex mixture of mono- and sesquiterpenes, phenyl propanoids and oxygenated compounds. EOs can be present in different plant organs and materials, and their storage is related to specialised secretory structures. The yield of EOs from plant raw materials by distillation or pressing may on average vary from 0.1 – 1%, thus restricting the major EO production to the plant group of aromatic plants. Due to their function as signalling compounds between different types of organisms and diverse biological systems, their general antimicrobial and antioxidative effects and medicinal activity, EOs offer a promising potential for future applications within the fields of agriculture, medicine, pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology.
Changed consumer demands and raised interest in natural product compounds, especially essential oils, have formed the basis for initiating the research project “Norwegian Herb Production (Norsk Urteproduksjon NUP)” to encourage the cultivation, processing, marketing and distribution of aromatic and medicinal plants. The production, composition and quality characteristics of EOs (yield and terpene composition) from chamomile, lemon balm, oregano, peppermint, sachalinmint, thyme and yarrow have been investigated in the project period between 1994-1998.
Much focus has been put on the application of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the analysis of EO volatiles from various aromatic and medicinal plants. SPME is a fast, solvent-free and non- destructive sample preparation technique where the analytes are extracted from fluid or solid matrices by headspace (HS) or direct immersion sampling (DI). Apart from EO isolation by common distillation, the applicability and sensitivity of the SPME fibre has made it feasible to carry out qualitative and semi-quantitative HS analyses of aromatic plants with regard to changes of EO metabolism during ontogenesis and plant development.
Based on NUP-results from field trials in the period between 1995-1996, the mint species peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) and sachalinmint (Mentha sachalinensis (Briq.) Kudô) have been studied in detail (Papers B, D and E). Comparative analyses by applying distillation sampling and SPME have been carried out in order to study the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques (Papers B and E). It could be shown, that SPME offers a fast and reliable method for detecting quality-impact compounds from the p-menthane group (menthol, menthone, neomenthol, isomenthone and menthyl acetate). A distinct increase in the menthol/menthone ratio in the basipetal direction could be detected for peppermint and sachalinmint by applying SPME, thus revealing within-plant quality differences according to pharmacopeial requirements. Taking the increase of EO production from the vegetative to the generative growth stage into account, the harvest of mint plants in bloom will result in better EO yield and quality with regard to higher amounts of menthol.
When applying HS-SPME on complex EO volatile matrices such as known for yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.; Paper C), one might deal with fibre-partitioning effects of the different mono- and sesquiterpenes due to their physical and chemical properties. Despite these disadvantages, HS-SPME appears to be a sensitive extraction method for the screening of EO volatiles from complex sample matrices. Comparative analyses of volatiles from rose root rhizomes (Rhodiola rosea L.) have been carried out in order to characterize the rose-like odour compounds (Paper F). A total of 75 and 59 compounds have been identified by distillation sampling and HS-SPME, respectively, thus underscoring the excellent extraction properties and applicability of the SPME fibre.
Paper A gives a brief overview of EO biosynthesis and chemical structures, plant sources and methods of EO production. Before leading over to the main topic of HS-SPME applications by referring to numerous examples from the research work at The Plant Biocenter in the past 5 years, an introduction of solid-phase microextraction with regard to devices, procedures and extraction parameters is given.
The advantages and disadvantages of distillation vs. SPME are outlined on the background of comparative analyses of peppermint, chamomile, basil and dill. Furthermore, the utilization of HS-SPME for quantitative studies with regard to extraction time and analyte concentration is being highlighted. Examples for the screening of chemotypes (hops −Humulus lupulus L.) and cultivars (dill – Anethum graveolens L.) and ontogenetic studies are given (Mentha species; arnica −Arnica montana L.). Finally, the applicability of HS-SPME for the quality assessment of processed herbs (sweet basil −Ocimum basilicum L.) and phytomedicinal preparations (red coneflower – Echinacea purpurea L.) is being discussed.
The advantages of HS-SPME over classical distillation and headspace applications are impressive due to drastically reduced analysis time and will introduce new frontiers in plant volatile research with regard to secondary metabolism, plant-insect interactions and in vivo studies. The user-friendliness of operating SPME will initiate the development of future applications and equipment for the monitoring of volatiles for plant biological and environmental studies, extraction automation, on-site sampling and on-fibre storage of analytes.
Paper VI reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier, Sciencedirect, www.sciencedirect.com
24
Li, Ting. "Study on the immunomodulatory property and mechanism of active compounds derived from chinese medicinal herbs." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1400.
Full text
25
Kemzūraitė, Aurelija. "Impact of Drying Environment on Quality Preservation in the Medicinal Raw Material." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101208_134901-94479.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this study is to research and substantiate the impact of drying environment on quality preservation in medicinal raw material, i. e. hyssop herb (Hyssopi herba). A complex impact of the drying environment factors (temperature and comparative ventilation intensity) of medicinal raw material, hyssop herb (Hyssopi herba), on the process of kinetics of its drying within a motionless layer, that was not researched until now, was determined. After the analysis of the medicinal raw material drying regularities the change of moisture in the object being dried was modelled. Both the comparative air flow and the dryer parameters impacted moisture exchange processes, drying time and medicinal raw material quality. Through the application of a complex dryer temperature and comparative airflow combination the environment favourable for medicinal raw material quality preservation is created. A close correlation between the mycobiotic contamination of medicinal raw material and the loss of essential oils was determined upon drying Hyssopi herba within a motionless layer. The theoretical fundamentals for designing medicinal raw material conservation technologies were developed. On the basis of the research findings, a pilot technology for medicinal raw material drying within a bulk motionless layer was developed. The technology was introduced in the medicinal raw material drying room of the Full House Community in village (Varėna district).Darbo tikslas − ištirti ir pagrįsti vaistinės augalinės žaliavos − isopų žolės (Hyssopi herba) džiovinimo aplinkos įtaką kokybės išsaugojimui. Nustatyta iki šiol nenagrinėta kompleksinė džiovinimo aplinkos veiksnių (temperatūros ir lyginamojo ventiliavimo intensyvumo) įtaka vaistinės augalinės žaliavos − isopų žolės (Hyssopi herba) džiovinimo nejudančiame sluoksnyje proceso kinetikai. Išanalizavus vaistinės augalinės žaliavos džiovinimo dėsningumus, modeliuotas džiovinamo objekto drėgnio kitimas. Lyginamasis oro srautas ir džioviklio parametrai įtakojo drėgmės mainų procesus, džiovinimo trukmę ir vaistinės augalinės žaliavos kokybę. Taikant kompleksinį džioviklio temperatūros ir lyginamojo srauto derinį sukuriama vaistinės augalinės žaliavos kokybei išsaugoti tinkama aplinka. Nustatyta, kad džiovinant Hyssopi herba nejudančiame sluoksnyje yra glaudus ryšys tarp vaistinės augalinės žaliavos mikobiotinio užterštumo ir eterinių aliejų praradimo. Sukurti teoriniai pagrindai vaistinės augalinės žaliavos konservavimo technologijų projektavimui. Remiantis atliktais tyrimų rezultatais patobulinta vaistinės augalinės žaliavos storame nejudančiame sluoksnyje džiovinimo technologija, kuri įdiegta Pilnų namų bendruomenės vaistinės augalinės žaliavos džiovykloje, Varėnos r., Panaros k.
26
Wai, Wing-yin Eric. "Effect of herbal medicine (Ganoderma lucidum) on nitric oxide production in macrophages." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3197126X.
Full text
27
傅凱文 and Hoi-man Kelvin Fu. "The immunomodulatory effects of Chinese medicinal products Yun Zhi andDanshen: flow cytometric studies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575916.
Full text
28
Tang, Wei. "Compounds interacting with the PDZ2 domain of PSD-95 : identification in and isolation from a traditional Chinese medicinal plant /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIOL%202002%20TANG.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-82). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
29
Shan, Bin, and 單斌. "Antioxidant and antibacterial capacities of spice and medicinal herb extracts and their potential application as natural foodpreservatives." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4098784X.
Full text
30
Liu, Suk-yin Karen. "Proteomic analysis of the anti-inflammatory effect of two Chinese medicinal herbs, Danshen and Yunzhi." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36775800.
Full text
31
Liu, Suk-yin Karen, and 廖淑賢. "Proteomic analysis of the anti-inflammatory effect of two Chinese medicinal herbs, Danshen and Yunzhi." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36775800.
Full text
32
Liu, Ching-chiu. "Identification of Radix Rehmanniae (di huang) as a traditional Chinese medicine with transcription inhibitory activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41508506.
Full text
33
Wang, Jingrong. "Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of the root of ilex pubescens." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/899.
Full text
34
SALUM, DEBORA C. "Determinacao de volateis produzidos durante o processamento por radiacao em ervas alimenticias e medicinais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11777.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:05:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
35
Jin, Ye. "Quality control of phytopharmaceuticals : assessment and quality control of traditional Chinese medicine." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327675.
Full text
36
Shan, Bin. "Antioxidant and antibacterial capacities of spice and medicinal herb extracts and their potential application as natural food preservatives." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4098784X.
Full text
37
Chan, Pui-sze. "Effects of modified Yunu Jian : a traditional Chinese medicine formula, in non-surgical periodontal treatment of smokers with periodontitis /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39634139.
Full text
38
Chau, Ka-yee, and 周嘉儀. "Health status of Chinese medicine users." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39723938.
Full text
39
Tian, Honglei. "A high throughput screening method for anti-cancer drug leads discovery from the herbal medicine /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIEN%202006%20TIAN.
Full text
40
"Pharmacognostical studies on the Chinese medicinal herb: "Ku-Di-Dan"= [K‘u Ti Tan] (Herba Elephantopi)." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895714.
Full textAbstract:
Cao Hui.Publication date from spine.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-194).
Acknowledgments --- p.v
Abstract --- p.vii
List of Tables --- p.xv
List of Figures --- p.xvii
Abbreviations and symbols --- p.xx
Chapter Chapter 1. --- General introduction
Chapter 1.1. --- Historical background --- p.1
Chapter 1.2. --- Pharmacognostical development --- p.2
Chapter 1.3. --- Importance of herb authentication --- p.3
Chapter 1.4. --- Objective of study --- p.5
Chapter Chapter 2. --- Literature review
Chapter 2.1. --- Botanical and taxonomic aspects --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.1. --- Morphology --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.2. --- Scientific names --- p.11
Chapter 2.2. --- Chemical aspects --- p.13
Chapter 2.3. --- Pharmacological aspects --- p.14
Chapter 2.3.1. --- Antibacterial effect --- p.14
Chapter 2.3.2. --- Antiphlogistic effect --- p.14
Chapter 2.3.3. --- Antipyretic effect --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.4. --- Effect in gastrointestinal propulsion --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.5. --- Antineoplastic activity --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.6. --- Hepatoprotective effect --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.7. --- Inhibitory activity on enzymes --- p.17
Chapter 2.3.8. --- Cardiovascular effect --- p.17
Chapter 2.3.9. --- Acute toxicity (LD50) --- p.18
Chapter 2.4. --- Pharmacognostical aspects --- p.18
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Kudidan in Ben-cao literature
Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.23
Chapter 3.2. --- Name evolution --- p.23
Chapter 3.3. --- Natural distribution --- p.24
Chapter 3.4. --- Characteristics --- p.25
Chapter 3.5. --- Substitutions investigation --- p.26
Chapter 3.6. --- Summary --- p.29
Chapter Chapter 4. --- Morphological differences
Chapter 4.1. --- Plant identification --- p.36
Chapter 4.1.1. --- Introduction --- p.36
Chapter 4.1.2. --- Collection of voucher materials --- p.36
Chapter 4.1.3. --- Plant morphology --- p.36
Chapter 4.2. --- Macroscopical identification --- p.46
Chapter 4.2.1. --- Introduction --- p.46
Chapter 4.2.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.46
Chapter 4.2.2.1. --- Commercial samples --- p.46
Chapter 4.2.2.2. --- Macroscopical characteristics --- p.46
Chapter 4.2.3. --- Results --- p.49
Chapter Chapter 5. --- Histological identification
Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction --- p.58
Chapter 5.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.1. --- Commercial samples --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.1.1. --- Kudidan --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.1.2. --- Pugongying --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.1.3. --- Substitutes --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.2. --- Authentic plant materials for comparison --- p.60
Chapter 5.2.3. --- Methods --- p.60
Chapter 5.2.3.1. --- Paraffin method --- p.60
Chapter 5.2.3.2. --- Light microscopy --- p.62
Chapter 5.2.3.3. --- Quantitative microscopy --- p.63
Chapter 5.2.3.4. --- Scanning electron microscopy --- p.64
Chapter 5.3. --- Results --- p.64
Chapter 5.3.1. --- Microscopical characters of comparative plants --- p.64
Chapter 5.3.2. --- Internal structures of herbs --- p.83
Chapter 5.4. --- Discussion --- p.83
Chapter Chapter 6. --- Chemical analysis
Chapter 6.1. --- Introduction --- p.99
Chapter 6.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.100
Chapter 6.2.1. --- Authentic samples --- p.100
Chapter 6.2.2. --- Commercial samples --- p.100
Chapter 6.2.3. --- Methods --- p.100
Chapter 6.2.3.1. --- Isolation and characterization of standard substances --- p.100
Chapter 6.2.3.2. --- Extraction of plant materials --- p.102
Chapter 6.2.3.3. --- Thin layer chromatography --- p.102
Chapter 6.3. --- Results and discussion --- p.104
Chapter 6.3.1. --- TLC synopsis --- p.104
Chapter 6.3.2. --- TLC analysis --- p.105
Chapter 6.3.2.1. --- Qualitative evaluation of authentic plants --- p.105
Chapter 6.3.2.2. --- Qualitative evaluation of commercial samples --- p.107
Chapter 6.4. --- Summary --- p.107
Chapter Chapter 7. --- Molecular fingerprinting
Chapter 7.1. --- Introduction --- p.115
Chapter 7.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.120
Chapter 7.2.1. --- Plant materials --- p.121
Chapter 7.2.2. --- Herbal materials --- p.121
Chapter 7.2.3. --- Total genomic DNA preparation --- p.121
Chapter 7.2.3.1. --- CsCl/EtBr gradient method --- p.121
Chapter 7.2.3.2. --- CTAB/CsCl gradient method --- p.123
Chapter 7.2.3.3. --- CTAB miniprep method --- p.124
Chapter 7.2.4. --- Qualitative analysis of genomic DNA --- p.125
Chapter 7.2.5. --- Quantitative analysis of genomic DNA --- p.126
Chapter 7.2.6. --- Genomic DNA fingerprinting --- p.126
Chapter 7.2.6.1. --- DNA amplification --- p.126
Chapter 7.2.6.1.1. --- AP-PCR --- p.127
Chapter 7.2.1.1.2. --- RAPD --- p.128
Chapter 7.2.6.2. --- Data analysis --- p.129
Chapter 7.3. --- Results --- p.129
Chapter 7.3.1. --- Studies on extraction of genomic DNA --- p.129
Chapter 7.3.2. --- Genomic DNA fingerprinting by AP-PCR --- p.130
Chapter 7.3.3. --- Genomic DNA fingerprinting by RAPD --- p.131
Chapter 7.4. --- Discussion --- p.131
Chapter 7.4.1. --- DNA extraction --- p.132
Chapter 7.4.2. --- DNA fingerprinting of Kudidan --- p.136
Chapter 7.4.3. --- Phylogenetic relationship between two genera Elephantopus and Pseudo-elephantopus of by DNA fingerprinting --- p.141
Chapter Chapter 8. --- General summary and conclusion
Chapter 8.1. --- General summary --- p.165
Chapter 8.1.1. --- Ben-cao investigation --- p.166
Chapter 8.1.2. --- Investigation of commercial samples --- p.166
Chapter 8.1.3. --- Histological characteristics --- p.167
Chapter 8.1.4. --- Chemical analysis --- p.168
Chapter 8.1.5. --- DNA fingerprinting --- p.168
Chapter 8.2. --- Conclusion --- p.169
Appendices
Chapter A) --- Solutions --- p.171
Chapter B) --- Chinese characters cited in this Thesis --- p.173
Chapter a) --- Herbal names --- p.173
Chapter b) --- Book names --- p.175
Chapter c) --- Personal names --- p.176
Chapter d) --- Place names --- p.177
Chapter e) --- Miscellaneous names --- p.179
Bibliography --- p.180
41
"Molecular authentication of Chinese medicinal herbs." 1997. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895742.
Full textAbstract:
by Ngan Fai Ngor Karenda.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-134).
Acknowledgements --- p.i
Abstract --- p.ii
Table of Contents --- p.iii
Abbreviations --- p.viii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Authentication of Chinese Medicinal Herbs
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Traditional Identification of Chinese Herbs
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Morphology --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Histology --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Chemical Analysis --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Proteins and Isozymes --- p.6
Chapter 1.3 --- Molecular Technology in Authentication
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCRs)
Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Random-Primed PCRs --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Simple Sequence Repeats --- p.10
Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) --- p.11
Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives and Strategies of the Study --- p.13
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods
Chapter 2.1 --- Reagents and Buffers
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Buffers for Total DNA Extraction --- p.15
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Reagents for Agarose Gel Electrophoresis --- p.16
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Reagents for Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Reagents for Plasmid and Single-Stranded DNA Preparation --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.5 --- Media for Bacterial Culture --- p.19
Chapter 2.1.6 --- Reagents for Preparation of Competent Cells --- p.20
Chapter 2.2 --- DNA Isolation
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Sample Preparation --- p.21
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Cetyl triethylammonium bromide (CTAB) Extraction --- p.21
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Cesium Chloride Gradient Ultracentrifugation --- p.21
Chapter 2.3 --- Phenol/Chloroform Extraction --- p.22
Chapter 2.4 --- Ethanol Precipitation --- p.23
Chapter 2.5 --- DNA Concentration/Purity Estimation --- p.23
Chapter 2.6 --- Random-Primed Polymerase Chain Reactions
Chapter 2.6.1 --- Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) --- p.24
Chapter 2.6.2 --- Arbitarily-Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR) --- p.24
Chapter 2.7 --- rDNA Amplification --- p.24
Chapter 2.8 --- Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of DNA --- p.25
Chapter 2.9 --- Purification of rDNA
Chapter 2.9.1 --- from Agarose Gel using Geneclean II Kit (Bio 101 Inc.) --- p.25
Chapter 2.9.2 --- using Microspin´ёØ Columns --- p.26
Chapter 2.10 --- Preparation of Escherichia coli Competent Cells --- p.26
Chapter 2.11 --- Ligation and Transformation of Escherichia coli --- p.27
Chapter 2.12 --- Isolation of Plasmid DNA --- p.27
Chapter 2.13 --- Screening of Plasmid DNA by Restriction Digestion --- p.28
Chapter 2.14 --- Isolation of Plasmid DNA
Chapter 2.14.1 --- Minipreparation of Plasmid using Magic´ёØ Miniprep DNA Purification Kit from Promega --- p.28
Chapter 2.14.2 --- Megapreparation of Plasmid using Qiagen-tip100 --- p.28
Chapter 2.15 --- Single-Stranded DNA Preparation
Chapter 2.15.1 --- Transfection --- p.29
Chapter 2.15.2 --- Single-Stranded DNA Isolation --- p.29
Chapter 2.16 --- DNA Sequencing
Chapter 2.16.1 --- Plasmid Sequencing using T7 Sequencing Kit --- p.30
Chapter 2.16.2 --- Cycle Sequencing from PCR Products --- p.30
Chapter 2.16.3 --- Cycle Sequencing from PCR Products or Plasmid --- p.31
Chapter 2.16.4 --- DNA Sequencing Electrophoresis --- p.31
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Studies of Panax Species by Random-Primed PCRs
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.34
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Plant Materials --- p.39
Chapter 3.2.2 --- DNA Extraction and Random-Primed PCRs --- p.39
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Data Analysis --- p.39
Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion
Chapter 3.3.1 --- DNA Isolation --- p.40
Chapter 3.3.2 --- DNA Fingerprinting --- p.41
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Relationship between the Six Panax Species --- p.45
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Studies of Acorus by Random-Primed PCRs
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.48
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Plant Materials --- p.49
Chapter 4.2.2 --- DNA Extraction and Random-Primed PCRs --- p.50
Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Acorus DNA --- p.50
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Reproducibility of Random-Primed PCRs --- p.51
Chapter 4.3.3 --- DNA Fingerprinting --- p.53
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Studies of Epimedium by Random-Primed PCRs
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.70
Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Plant Materials --- p.71
Chapter 5.2.2 --- DNA Extraction and Random-Primed PCRs --- p.71
Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion
Chapter 5.3.1 --- DNA Extraction --- p.71
Chapter 5.3.2 --- DNA Fingerprinting --- p.72
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Application of AP-PCR in Commercial Ginseng Products
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.90
Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and Methods
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Materials --- p.91
Chapter 6.2.2 --- DNA Extraction and Random-Primed PCRs --- p.91
Chapter 6.2.3. --- Data Analysis --- p.91
Chapter 6.3 --- Results and Discussion
Chapter 6.3.1 --- DNA Isolation --- p.92
Chapter 6.3.2 --- AP-PCR Analysis --- p.93
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Ribosomal DNA as a Marker in Authentication of Panax Species
Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.99
Chapter 7.2 --- Materials and Methods
Chapter 7.2.1 --- Plant Materials --- p.100
Chapter 7.2.2 --- DNA Extraction and rDNA Amplification --- p.101
Chapter 7.2.3 --- rDNA Sequencing --- p.101
Chapter 7.2.4 --- Generation of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
Chapter 7.2.4.1 --- Restriction Digestion of rDNA Fragment --- p.102
Chapter 7.2.4.2 --- Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) --- p.103
Chapter 7.2.4.3 --- Silver Staining for Nucleic Acids --- p.103
Chapter 7.2.5 --- Data Analysis --- p.104
Chapter 7.3 --- Results and Discussion
Chapter 7.3.1 --- rDNA Amplification and Plasmid Isolation --- p.104
Chapter 7.3.2 --- rDNA Sequencing
Chapter 7.3.2.1 --- Sequence Comparison between the Six Panax species and the Two Adulterants --- p.107
Chapter 7.3.3 --- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
Chapter 7.3.3.1 --- Restriction Profiles between Ginsengs and their Adulterants --- p.113
Chapter 7.3.3.2 --- Restrciton Profiles of Ginsengs from Different Sources --- p.118
Chapter 7.3.4 --- Panax Phylogeny --- p.121
Chapter Chapter 8 --- General Discussion
Chapter 8.1 --- Advantages of Random-Primed PCRs --- p.124
Chapter 8.2 --- Weaknesses of the Random-Primed PCRs --- p.125
Chapter 8.3 --- Molecular Markers for Phylogenetic Studies --- p.126
Chapter 8.4 --- Specific PCR-RFLP Patterns in Authentication --- p.126
Chapter 8.5 --- Conclusions --- p.127
References --- p.128
Appendix --- p.135
42
CHEN, ZHAO-YIN, and 陳昭吟. "Antimutagenic activities of chinese medicinal herbs." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87304952050552629122.
Full text
43
Yuan-Ling, Su, and 蘇苑菱. "Study on Antioxidative Properties of Eight Medicinal Herbs." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34172092423117142082.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
生物產業科技學系
95
Recently, there is increasing interest in finding natural antioxidants from plants, which protect human body against free radical insult and ameliorate the progress of many chronic diseases. Essential oils and extracts from Eight plants with high antioxidativity were selected, including Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Cymbopogon citrates, Symphytum officinale L., Zanthoxylum ailanthoids Sieb & zucc, Ocimum basilicum, Liquidambar formosana, Hedychium coronarium Koenig and Bidens pilosa. In this study, the antioxidative activities assays, including α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect, Fe2+ chelating power, reducing power, superoxide radical anion scavenging effect, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and the inhibition of Fe/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in a liposome model system, were measured and compared with those of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ethylene diamine tetracetic acid (EDTA), α–tocopherol and gallic acid. The results showed that the yield of plant essential oil was lower than the solvent extract. All essential oils in eight plants had low flavonoids. The essential oils in leaves of Liquidambar formosana and the root of Hedychium coronarium Koenig had low DPPH radical scavenging effect and Fe2+ chelating power. The ethanol extracts of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb and leaves of Hedychium coronarium Koenig had the highest content of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids, respectively. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Ocimum basilicum and the leaves of Bidens pilosa had the same reductivity as α-tocopherol. All these eight plants (concentration less than 0.1 mg/mL) had better scavenging ability of superoxide anion radical than that of the gallic acid. The Cymbopogon citrates and Zanthoxylum ailanthoids Sieb & zucc had the best scavenging ability of superoxide anion radical. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb and Ocimum basilicum had the same total antioxidant capacity as BHA and α-tocopherol. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Symphytum officinale L. and Cymbopogon citrates (concentration at 10 mg/mL) on the lipid peroxidation in a liposome model system hed a same ability as α-tocopherol.
44
ZHU, SHU-ZHEN, and 朱淑珍. "Anti-reverse transcriptase activity of Chinese medicinal herbs." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74867133770429993217.
Full text
45
Chen, Mei-Han, and 陳美涵. "Study on the Adjuvanticity of Chinese Medicinal Herb." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m5p6jc.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國醫藥大學
免疫學研究所碩士班
102
In previous study, we have found that oral administration of Astragalus membranaceus (AR) increases the IgA transcripts in lung by microarray analysis. We propose that AR is a potent mucosal adjuvant that stimulates the mucosal immunity by increasing IgA levels in mucosal layers. Therefore, antibody production and adjuvant mechanism of AR and its constituent Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) were evaluated in this study. Transgenic mice, which carried the luciferase gene driven by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), were administered orally with AR and APS, and imaged for NF-κB activities in organs. BALB/c female mice were administered orally with AR and APS, and immunized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin. Sera, lung lavage, intestinal lavage were collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The bioluminescence imaging and immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) indicated that oral administration of AR and APS activated NF-κB activity in lung. ELISA showed that AR and APS increased the amount of ovalbumin-specific IgG and IgA in sera and mucosal lavage. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that AR and APS induced isotype class switch. IHC showed that AR and APS increased the amounts of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and NF-κB in Peyer''s patches. These data suggested that AR and APS induced isotype class switch via increasing TGF-β1 and NF-κB, resulting in the increased amount of antibodies in sera and mucosal lavage. In conclusion, our findings suggested that that AR and its constituent APS might be a potent mucosal adjuvant that increased the antibody levels in sera and mucosal lavage.
46
"Mechanistic study of herb-drug interactions between oseltamivir and TCM formulae." 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894452.
Full textAbstract:
Wang, Xiaoan.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-166).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Table of Contents --- p.I
Acknowledgements --- p.VI
Publications --- p.VII
Abstract (in English) --- p.VIII
Abstract (in Chinese) --- p.X
List of Figures --- p.XII
List of Tables --- p.XVI
List of Abbreviations --- p.XVII
Chapter Chapter One. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Overview of oseltamivir --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- General description of oseltamivir --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Pharmacological activities of oseltamivir --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Absorption of oseltamivir --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Distribution of oseltamivir --- p.5
Chapter 1.1.3.3 --- Metabolism of oseltamivir --- p.6
Chapter 1.1.3.4 --- Elimination of oseltamivir --- p.8
Chapter 1.1.4 --- Side effects and toxicities of oseltamivir --- p.9
Chapter 1.2 --- Overview of Chinese medicine formulae CMF1 (Yinqiaosan and Sangjuyin) --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Background and clinical use of CMF1 --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Quality control of CMF1 by manufacturer --- p.11
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Major active components of CMF1 --- p.12
Chapter 1.3 --- Previous studies on herb-drug interactions between O and CMF1 --- p.18
Chapter 1.4 --- Rationale of the current study --- p.19
Chapter 1.5 --- objectives --- p.19
Chapter Chapter Two. --- Identification and quantification of major marker compounds in Yinqiaosan and Sangiuyin products --- p.20
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.20
Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Chemicals --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Instruments --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Chromatographic conditions --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Preparation of standard solutions --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Calibration curves --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Validation of the assay method --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Sample preparations for Yinqiaosan and Sangjuyin products --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.7.1 --- Sample extraction from Yinqiaosan or Sangjuyin granules --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.7.2 --- Sample extraction from Yinqiaosan or Sangjuyin tablets --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.7.3 --- Sample extraction recoveries --- p.27
Chapter 2.3 --- Results and discussions --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Chromatography --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Linearity and sensitivity --- p.33
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Accuracy and precision --- p.33
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Stability --- p.36
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Contents of identified active components in commercial available Yinqiaosan or Sangjuyin products and CMF1 --- p.36
Chapter 2.3.6 --- Sample extraction recovery --- p.40
Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusion --- p.43
Chapter Chapter Three. --- Effect of CMF1/CMF1 components on the metabolism of oseltamivir and related mechanistic studies --- p.44
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.44
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.47
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Materials --- p.47
Chapter 3.2.2 --- "Verification of metabolism of O in rat GI tract, plasma and liver microsome" --- p.48
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Inhibition of metabolism of O by CMFl/CMFl components --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- In vitro inhibition of metabolism of O in rat plasma --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- In vitro inhibition of metabolism of O in rat liver microsome (RLM) --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Mechanistic study of enzyme inhibition of O in recombinant human Carboxylesterase 1 (hCE 1) --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Sample preparation and LC/MS/MS analysis --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Data analyses --- p.52
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.53
Chapter 3.3.1 --- "Verification of metabolism of O in rat GI tract, plasma and liver microsome" --- p.53
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Inhibition of metabolism of O by CMF1/CMF1 components --- p.53
Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Enzyme inhibition of metabolism of O by CMFl/CMF1 components in rat plasma --- p.53
Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Enzyme inhibition of metabolism of O by CMF1/CMF1 components in rat liver microsome (RLM) --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Selection of potent enzyme inhibitor from CMF1 --- p.60
Chapter 3.3.4. --- Mechanistic study of enzyme inhibition of O in recombinant human Carboxylesterase 1 (hCE 1) --- p.61
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussions --- p.63
Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.74
Chapter Chapter Four. --- Effect of CMFl/CMFl components on the absorption of oseltamivir and related mechanistic studies --- p.75
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.75
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.79
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Materials --- p.79
Chapter 4.2.2 --- PAMPA permeation model --- p.80
Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Permeation of O and OC in PAMPA --- p.80
Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Sample preparation and LC/MS/MS analysis --- p.81
Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- Data analysis --- p.81
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Absorption of O in presence of CMF/CMFl components in Caco-2 and MDCK cell monolayer models --- p.82
Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- Cell culture --- p.82
Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- Preparation of loading solutions to the cell models --- p.83
Chapter 4.2.3.3 --- Stability of O in transport buffer --- p.84
Chapter 4.2.3.4 --- Cytotoxicity tests of O and CMFl/CMFl components --- p.84
Chapter 4.2.3.5 --- Transport study in Caco-2 and MDCK monolayer model --- p.85
Chapter 4.2.3.6 --- Sample preparation and LC/MS/MS analysis --- p.86
Chapter 4.2.3.7 --- Data analysis --- p.87
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Absorption of O in presence of CMF 1 in rat in situ single pass intestinal perfusion model --- p.88
Chapter 4.2.4.1 --- Preparation of perfusion solutions --- p.88
Chapter 4.2.4.2 --- Stabilities of O and arctigenin in perfusate --- p.88
Chapter 4.2.4.3 --- Rat in situ single pass intestinal perfusion of O in presence and absence of CMFl and relevant inhibitors --- p.89
Chapter 4.2.4.4 --- Sample preparation and LC/MS/MS analysis --- p.90
Chapter 4.2.4.5 --- Data analysis --- p.90
Chapter 4.3 --- Resul ts --- p.91
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Permeation of O and OC in PAMPA --- p.91
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Absorption of O in presence of CMF/CMF1 components in Caco-2 and MDCK cell monolayer models --- p.92
Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Stabilities of O in transport buffer --- p.92
Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Cytotoxicity tests of O and CMF1/CMF1 components in transport buffer --- p.93
Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Proof of O as a substrate of P-gp by Caco-2 cell model --- p.95
Chapter 4.3.2.4 --- Effect of CMF 1 on the absorption transport of o in Caco-2 cell mode --- p.98
Chapter 4.3.2.5 --- Effect of CMF1 components on the absorption transport of o in Caco-2 cell model --- p.102
Chapter 4.3.2.6 --- Effect of arctigenin on bi-directional transport of o in Caco- 2 cell model --- p.106
Chapter 4.3.2.7 --- Proof of O as a substrate of P-gp by MDCK transfected cell lines --- p.108
Chapter 4.3.2.8 --- Bi-directional transport of O in MDCK-MDR1 cell model --- p.111
Chapter 4.3.2.9 --- Effect of CMF 1 on the absorption transport of O in MDCK-MDR1 cell model --- p.112
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Absorption of O in presence of CMF1 in rat in situ single pass intestinal perfusion model --- p.113
Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Stabilities of O and arctigenin in the perfusion buffer --- p.113
Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Intestinal absorption of O in presence and absence of CMF1 in rat in situ intestinal perfusion model --- p.114
Chapter 4.4 --- Discussions --- p.116
Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.124
Chapter Chapter Five. --- Preliminary evaluation of antiviral activity of CMFl/CMFl components --- p.125
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.125
Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.128
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Materials and animals --- p.128
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Animal treatment --- p.129
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Plasma sample collection and preparation --- p.130
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Evaluation of antiviral activities of CMFl/ CMFl components --- p.130
Chapter 5.2.4.1 --- Plaque reduction assay --- p.131
Chapter 5.2.4.2 --- Optimization of plasma sample dilution ratio --- p.131
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Data analyses --- p.133
Chapter 5.3 --- Results and discussions --- p.135
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Ex vivo evaluation of antiviral activity of CMF1 --- p.135
Chapter 5.3.2 --- In vitro evaluation of antiviral activity of CMF1 major marker compounds --- p.139
Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.141
Chapter Chapter Six. --- Overall conclusion --- p.142
References --- p.145
47
"Recognition of Chinese medicinal herbs by gas chromatgraphy [sic]." 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896277.
Full textAbstract:
by Suk Che Ho.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-88).
Abstract also in Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgments --- p.iii
Dedication --- p.iv
Abbreviations --- p.v
Table of Contents --- p.vi
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Overview of Chinese Medicinal Herbs containing essential oils --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Introduction of Chinese Medicinal Herbs --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Chinese Medicinal Herbs containing essential oils --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Recognition of Chinese Medicinal Herbs --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Traditional method in recognition of Chinese Medicinal Herbs (CMH) --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Instrumental Methods for the recognition of CMH --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.3 --- The use of GC and GC/MS on CMH --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Motivation and objective of this research --- p.5
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Motivation --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Objective of this research --- p.7
Chapter 1.4 --- Outline of the methodology and arrangement of the thesis --- p.8
Chapter Chapter 2: --- Experimental Setup --- p.11
Chapter 2.1 --- Reagents and materials --- p.11
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Reagents and glassware --- p.11
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Materials --- p.11
Chapter 2.2 --- Sample pretreatment --- p.14
Chapter 2.3 --- Extraction of essential oils from the herbal samples --- p.14
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Traditional extraction methods for essential oils --- p.14
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Extraction by hydrodistillation using Dean and Stark-type trap --- p.15
Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.17
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Comparison with literature data --- p.17
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Reproducibility of the extraction --- p.17
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Recovery test --- p.26
Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.27
Chapter Chapter3: --- Instrumental Analysis of the Essential Oils --- p.29
Chapter 3.1 --- GC analysis --- p.29
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Instrumentation --- p.29
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Instrumental settings --- p.31
Chapter 3.1.3 --- The use of GC in the analysis of essential oils --- p.31
Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Qualitative data --- p.31
Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Quantitative data --- p.33
Chapter 3.1.3.3 --- Dilution strategy --- p.33
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Results --- p.36
Chapter 3.1.4.1 --- Precision test --- p.36
Chapter 3.1.4.2 --- Linearity --- p.39
Chapter 3.2 --- GC/MS analysis --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Instrumentation --- p.41
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Instrumental settings --- p.42
Chapter 3.2.3 --- The use of GC/MS in the analysis of essential oils --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Identification by GC/MS --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Abundance information --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Results --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Precision test --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Linearity --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Detection limit --- p.48
Chapter 3.2.4.4 --- Chromatographic patterns of herbal samples obtained by GC/MS --- p.49
Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.49
Chapter Chapter 4: --- Development of a system for recognition --- p.52
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.52
Chapter 4.2 --- Analysis of chromatographic patterns --- p.53
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Extraction of “effective´ح peaks --- p.54
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Extraction of “characteristic´ح peaks --- p.56
Chapter 4.3 --- Library section --- p.60
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Calculation of relative retention indices --- p.60
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Normalization factors --- p.61
Chapter 4.4 --- Matching section --- p.62
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Overview of the matching method --- p.62
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Input --- p.63
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Matching strategy --- p.64
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Matching algorithms --- p.64
Chapter 4.4.4.1 --- "Matching with “characteristic"" peaks" --- p.64
Chapter 4.4.4.2 --- Matching with “effective´ح peaks --- p.65
Chapter 4.4.5 --- Calculation of similarity scores --- p.66
Chapter 4.4.6 --- Output --- p.69
Chapter Chapter 5: --- Performance of the proposed recognition system --- p.70
Chapter 5.1 --- Recognition performance of the database --- p.70
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Definition of similarity --- p.70
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Performance test of the recognition method --- p.70
Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Candidates in the library file --- p.70
Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Unknown not found in the library file --- p.75
Chapter 5.1.3 --- Information drawn from the scores --- p.77
Chapter 5.1.3.1 --- Recognition of the unknown sample in terms of similarity --- p.77
Chapter 5.1.3.2 --- Relationship between the herbal drugs --- p.79
Chapter 5.2 --- Applicability of the proposed methodology --- p.80
Chapter 5.3 --- Limitation of the proposed methodology --- p.81
Chapter 5.4 --- Future prospect --- p.81
Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusion --- p.83
References --- p.86
Appendices
Chapter A. --- Linearity of calibration graphs using GC --- p.A1
Chapter B. --- Linearity of calibration graphs using GC/MS --- p.A3
Chapter C. --- GC/MS chromatograms of the herbal samples --- p.A5
Chapter D. --- "Relative retention times of “effective"" and ""characteristic"" peaks" --- p.A28
48
"Novel usage of medicinal herbs for treating Alzheimer disease." 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891862.
Full textAbstract:
by Tsz-Wan Ho.Thesis submitted in: July 2003.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-122).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgements --- p.i
Abstract --- p.ii
摘要 --- p.iv
Content --- p.vi
Abbreviations --- p.x
List of Figures --- p.xi
List of tables --- p.xiv
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Alzheimer'sDisease --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Hallmarks of AD --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.1 --- The amyloid cascade hypothesis --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.2 --- The tauopathy hypothesis --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- The Cholinergic Hypothesis --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Cholinergic drug therapy --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Tacrine --- p.10
Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Donepezil --- p.10
Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Rivastigimine - ENA-713 --- p.11
Chapter 1.4 --- AChE inhibitors from plants --- p.12
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Galanthamine --- p.12
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Huperzine --- p.14
Chapter 1.4.3 --- α-onocerin --- p.15
Chapter 1.4.4 --- (+)-alpha-viniferin --- p.16
Chapter 1.5 --- My project --- p.17
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.18
Chapter 2.1 --- Preparation of CMM --- p.18
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Selecting criteria and sources --- p.18
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Preparation of aqueous extract --- p.18
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Preparation of ethanol extract --- p.18
Chapter 2.3 --- Routine maintenance of cell lines --- p.19
Chapter 2.4 --- Toxicity test --- p.19
Chapter 2.5 --- Ellman assay --- p.20
Chapter 2.6 --- Ellman assay over BuChE --- p.21
Chapter 2.7 --- Drugs --- p.21
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- SCREENING OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS FROM CHINESE MEDICINAL MATERIALS --- p.23
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.23
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.23
Chapter 3.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.24
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Preliminary screening of 45 selected TCMs for AChE inhibition --- p.24
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Rescreening of drugs that show AChE inhibition in both aqueous and organic extracts --- p.25
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.28
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTI-ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY FROM SALVIA MBLTIORRHIZA BGE.(丹參) --- p.33
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.33
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Clinical application of Danshen --- p.34
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Pharmacological properties of Danshen and Salvia species --- p.34
Chapter 4.1.2.1. --- Antiinflammatory and antibacterial responses --- p.35
Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Diabetes --- p.35
Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Alcoholism --- p.35
Chapter 4.1.2.4 --- Apoptosis --- p.36
Chapter 4.1.2.5 --- The effect of Salvia extracts on neuro-receptors --- p.36
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Anti-cholinesterase activity by the Salvia species --- p.37
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Active components from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge --- p.38
Chapter 4.2 --- Effects of tanshinone derivatives on AChE --- p.39
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.39
Chapter 4.2.2. --- Results --- p.39
Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.50
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- EXTRACTION OF CRYPTOTANSHINONE FROM SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA --- p.54
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.54
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) --- p.55
Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.56
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Extracts of Danshen from different sources for obtaining the chemical profile --- p.55
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) --- p.57
Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- Analytical RP-HPLC --- p.57
Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- Preparative RP-HPLC --- p.58
Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.60
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Identification of Peaks that contain the proposed active components --- p.60
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Different samples of Danshen contain different amount of active components that can exert inhibitory effect on hAChE --- p.66
Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.75
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- EFFECT OF CRYPTOTANSHINONE ON CALCIUM MOVEMENT in SH-SY5Y Cell --- p.80
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.80
Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.82
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Reagents and drugs --- p.82
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Calcium fluorimetry --- p.82
Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.85
Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.96
Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- GENERAL DISCUSSION --- p.98
Chapter 7.1 --- Structure-function relationship of crytotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone I --- p.98
Chapter 7.2 --- Further study on cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone I --- p.100
Chapter 7.2.1 --- Modulation on nictonic receptor --- p.100
Chapter 7.2.2 --- Behavioral study on mice --- p.101
Chapter 7.2.3 --- Large scale production of the desired active components --- p.102
Chapter 7.3 --- Study on other candidate herbs --- p.102
References --- p.107
49
"Antiproliferative effect of the Chinese medicinal herb, Centipeda minima." Thesis, 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074979.
Full textAbstract:
Bioactivity-guided isolation of SFE oil led to the identification of another sesquiterpene lactone, 6-O-angeloylprenolin, containing the bioactive alpha, beta-unsaturated cyclopentenone. MTT results showed that CNE cells were more susceptible to 6-O-angeloylenolin than the normal Hs68 cells. Besides, the inhibitory effect of 6-O -angeloylenolin on the CNE cells was slightly stronger than that of cisplatin, the positive control, albeit statistical insignificance.Both volatile oils prepared by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and steam distillation (SD) were evaluated for their anti-NPC potential. Results showed that SFE oil was much stronger than that of SD oil. SFE oil significantly inhibited the growth of CNE cells by dysfunctioning the mitochondria and activating caspases. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the responsible principals in the SFE oil were likely homologues of sesquiterpene lactones.
Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. (Compositae), a Chinese medicinal herb, is used to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the Chinese folk. However, there is a paucity of information on its anticancer activities. In particular, both of its anti-NPC potential and the potent constituents remain elusive.
In this study, the n-hexane fraction of C. minima showed broad spectrum of inhibitory effects on five human cancer cell lines, including the breast carcinoma MCF7 cells, the prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells, the hepatocellular carcinoma Hep G2 cells, the nasopharyngeal cancer CNE cells and the acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells, with IC 50 values ranging from 6.1 to 47.3 mug/mL. Bioactivity-guided separation of the n-hexane fraction using the CNE cells as the cellular system led to the isolation of a sesquiterpene lactone, 2beta-(isobutyryloxy)florilenalin (IF), which contained the bioactive alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone ring. IF significantly induced CNE cell death with an IC50 value of 3.1 mug/mL. Despite this potency, its effect on the normal Hs68 cells was much weaker, with an IC50 value larger than 50 mug/mL. Its inhibitory effect on the CNE cells ascribed to apoptotic induction as evidenced by the cumulation of sub-G1 cell population, DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation, caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Mechanistic study showed that both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways were activated. In the extrinsic pathway, IF activated caspase-8, which further induced the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7. In the intrinsic pathway, IF regulated the expressions of Bcl-2 family proteins, followed by depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta&PSgr;m), the release of cytochrome c to cytosol, the activation of caspase-9 and other downstream caspases, and finally the induction of apoptosis.
Mechanistic investigation showed that 6-O-angeloylenolin caused cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases and induced apoptosis in CNE cells. For the cell cycle arrest, a sharp decrease was found in the expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, cdc25c, and p-cdc25c, with concomitant decrease in CDK4, cyclin A, cyclin E, p-Rb(Ser780), p21Waf1/Cip1, cdc2 and p-cdc2. For the induction of apoptosis, externalization of phosphatidylserine and depletion of Delta&PSgr;m prior to the detection of sub-G1 peak were found. Other apoptotic features including the presence of apoptotic bodies, the activation of caspase-3 activity and the cleavage of PARP were observed. Activation of caspase-8 and caspase-10 was detected. Besides, 6-O -angeloylenolin induced the release of cytochrome c and AIF to cytosol. The former formed apoptosome with caspase-9, further activated the downstream caspase-3 and caspase-7 and cleaved PARP, while the latter was translocated into the nucleus and caused large-scale DNA fragmentation. Failure of the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, to interrupt the apoptotic induction by 6-O-angeloylenolin suggested that caspase-independent pathway was involved. 6-O-Angeloylenolin was able to activate Akt, ERK and JNK pathways. But only with the addition of JNK inhibitor (SP600125), significant suppression of the 6-O-angeloylenolin-induced apoptosis was observed, suggesting the involvement of the JNK pathway in the apoptotic pathway. Taken together, this study provided a better mechanistic insight into the potential application of 6-O-angeloylenolin as a candidate for NPC treatment.
Overall, this study revealed that two sesquiterpene lactones, including IF and 6-O-angeloylenolin were found to be responsible for the potent anti-NPC effect of C. minima. This study reiterates the notion that Chinese medicinal herbs traditionally applied to cancer treatment may be good sources of anticancer drug discovery, and sesquiterpene lactone may be a group of noteworthy lead compounds displaying anti-NPC potential.
Su, Miaoxian.
Adviser: Hau Yin Chung.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-113).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
50
Hsieh, Jing Lling, and 謝京伶. "Chinese medicinal herb against 3C protease of Enterovirus 71." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12661240369178013142.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
生物技術研究所
98
Enterovirus 71(EV71) is a single-strand positive sense RNA virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae, and cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), herpangina, aseptic meningitis, brain stem encephalitis, pulmonary edema, and paralysis. EV71 chymotrypsin-like protease (3C protease) is essential for viral replication and the proteolytic processing of the large polyproteins at Gln/Gly motif. Emergences or pandemic of EV71 infection commonly occur in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In this study we intend to identify Chinese herb inhibitors against 3C protease of EV71. Firstly, 3C protease gene was amplified by PCR, cloned into pET-24a (+) vector, expressed in E. coli BL21 (ED3). Recombinat 3C protease was purified using affinity chromatography. Recombinant 3C protease (21 kDa) was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blot assays. HRP was used in vitro 3C protease ELISA assay as a substrate in and the signal was determined at different time point with various amount of 3C protease by ELISA. The activity of recombinat 3C protease increased in dose and time dependent manners. The IC50 values of fisetin and rutin were 349.65± 0.33 and 277.8± 012μM, respectively. Fisetin and rutin were efficient 3C protease inhibitors among 9 Chinese Traditional Medicine compounds (myricetin, kaempferol, apigenin, fisetin, chrysin, rutin, puerin, 5-methoxyflavone, flavone). Fisetin and rutin were found to inhibit the cytopathic effect induced by EV71 in RD cells. Further, The IC50 values of fisetin and rutin were 142.8± 0.7 and 83± 0.37 μM, for cell based 3C protease activity by fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. IC50 values of fisetin and rutin were 84.48± 0.3 and 109.63± 1.07 μM, for plaque reduction assays. Moreover, IC50 values of fisetin against Coxsackieviruses A16 were 109± 1.69 μM for plaque reduction assays. Our findings showed that these two compounds can inhibit the 3C protease activity of EV71 and reduce the EV71 replication in vitro, thus showing alternative potent anti-EV71 agents. KEY WORD: Enterovirus 71, flavonids, chymotrypsin-like protease (3C protease)