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Journal articles on the topic 'Herbicide rates'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Redlick, Collen, Hema S. N. Duddu, Lena D. Syrovy, Christian J. Willenborg, Eric N. Johnson, and Steven J. Shirtliffe. "Effect of Seeding Rate on Dose Response of Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) to Fluthiacet-Methyl." Weed Science 65, no. 4 (2017): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2017.9.

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Concern over the development of herbicide-resistant weeds has led to interest in integrated weed management systems that reduce selection pressure by utilizing mechanical and cultural weed control practices in addition to herbicides. Increasing crop seeding rate increases crop competitive ability and thus can enhance herbicide efficacy. However, it is unknown how increasing the seeding rate affects an herbicide’s efficacy. The objective of this study was to examine the interaction between increasing seeding rate and herbicide dose to control weeds. To meet this objective, the herbicide fluthia

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2

Manalil, Sudheesh, Roberto Busi, Michael Renton, and Stephen B. Powles. "Rapid Evolution of Herbicide Resistance by Low Herbicide Dosages." Weed Science 59, no. 2 (2011): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-10-00111.1.

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Herbicide rate cutting is an example of poor use of agrochemicals that can have potential adverse implications due to rapid herbicide resistance evolution. Recent laboratory-level studies have revealed that herbicides at lower-than-recommended rates can result in rapid herbicide resistance evolution in rigid ryegrass populations. However, crop-field-level studies have until now been lacking. In this study, we examined the impact of low rates of diclofop on the evolution of herbicide resistance in a herbicide-susceptible rigid ryegrass population grown either in a field wheat crop or in potted

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3

Matzrafi, Maor, Sarah Morran, and Marie Jasieniuk. "Recurrent Selection with Glufosinate at Low Rates Reduces the Susceptibility of a Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum Population to Glufosinate." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (2020): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091288.

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Repeated applications of herbicides at the labelled rates have often resulted in the selection and evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds capable of surviving the labelled and higher rates in subsequent generations. However, the evolutionary outcomes of recurrent herbicide selection at low rates are far less understood. In this study of a herbicide-susceptible population of Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum, we assessed the potential for low glufosinate rates to select for reduced susceptibility to the herbicide, and cross-resistance to herbicides with other modes of action. Reduced susceptibili

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4

Redlick, Colleen, Lena D. Syrovy, Hema S. N. Duddu, et al. "Developing an Integrated Weed Management System for Herbicide-Resistant Weeds Using Lentil (Lens culinaris) as a Model Crop." Weed Science 65, no. 6 (2017): 778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2017.47.

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The escalating evolution of weed species resistant to acetolactase synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides makes alternative weed control strategies necessary for field crops that are dependent on this herbicide group. A fully integrated strategy that combined increased crop seeding rates (2X or 4X recommended), mechanical weed control with a minimum-tillage rotary hoe, and reduced-rate non–ALS inhibitor herbicides was compared with herbicides, rotary hoe, and seeding rates alone as a method of controlling ALS inhibitor–tolerant Indian mustard as a model weed. The full-rate herbicide treatment had

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5

Cutulle, Matthew A., Gregory R. Armel, James T. Brosnan, et al. "Evaluation of Container Ornamental Species Tolerance to Three p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase-inhibiting Herbicides." HortTechnology 23, no. 3 (2013): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.3.319.

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Selective weed control in ornamental plant production can be difficult as many herbicides can cause unacceptable injury. Research was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of several ornamental species to applications of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides for the control of problematic weeds in ornamental production. Mestotrione (0.09, 0.18, and 0.36 lb/acre), tembotrione (0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 lb/acre), and topramezone (0.016, 0.032, and 0.064 lb/acre) were applied alone postemergence (POST) in comparison with the photosystem II-inhibiting herbicide, bentazon (0.5 l

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6

Martin, M. Daniel, James P. Worthington, and Elmer Gray. "Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivar Response to Fluchloralin, Metribuzin, and Vernolate." Weed Technology 1, no. 4 (1987): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00029742.

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In 1983 and 1984, 20 commercial soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] cultivars were field tested for their response to fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine], metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-l,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one], and vernoiate [S-propyl dipropylcarbamothioate]. Recommended rates for the herbicides were 1.1, 0.4, and 2.8 kg ai/ha, respectively. Each herbicide was applied at recommended (lx), 2x, and 4x rates in both years with an 8x rate added in 1984. Plant height, vigor, and injury were used to determine herbicide effects.

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7

Stephenson, G. R., and G. Ezra. "Chemical Approaches for Improving Herbicide Selectivity and Crop Tolerance." Weed Science 35, S1 (1987): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500061002.

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Combinations of antagonistic herbicides can be helpful in the search for seed-applied chemical safeners to protect crop plants from herbicide injury. If a particular herbicide combination is selectively antagonistic so that the crop is not injured but weed control efficacy is not reduced, it should be possible to develop a new, more selective formulation of the herbicide which includes the antagonist or antidote. A promising new approach involves the use of early pretreatments of crop plants with subtoxic levels of a particular herbicide to increase crop tolerance to later, higher rates of tha

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8

Hamill, Allan S., and Jianhua Zhang. "Herbicide reduction in metribuzin-based weed control programs in corn." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 4 (1995): 927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-156.

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The relative effectiveness of 13 metribuzin-based weed control programs in field corn was investigated in a 3-yr study. Reduction in herbicide rates was made by modifying some commonly used metribuzin-based herbicide programs for weed control in corn. Satisfactory weed control, corn yield and economic return were obtained under each herbicide treatment, suggesting that reduction in herbicide use to reduce environmental hazard and enhance the economical benefit is achievable. Among the various herbicide programs, banded herbicide application at reduced rates plus one cultivation was observed to

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9

Green, Jerry M. "Maximizing Herbicide Efficiency with Mixtures and Expert Systems." Weed Technology 5, no. 4 (1991): 894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00034059.

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A practical and objective system is needed to determine the lowest rates of the most efficacious herbicides to meet each producer's specific weed control problems. Determining which method of weed control to utilize is difficult today with increasing product choices, the growing use and complexity of herbicide mixtures, regulatory pressures to reduce rates, and the closer integration of weed control with other crop decisions. Expert computer systems could improve current practices and use herbicide mixtures as a tool to increase herbicide efficiency. Such systems would account for herbicide do

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10

Bhaskar, Vinay, Robin R. Bellinder, Stephen Reiners, and Antonio DiTommaso. "Reduced herbicide rates for control of living mulch and weeds in fresh market tomato." Weed Technology 34, no. 1 (2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.81.

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AbstractLiving mulches can provide many sustainability benefits. However, living mulch–cash crop competition and unreliable weed control are major challenges in living mulch systems. In this study, we evaluated the potential of herbicides used at reduced rates in combination with living mulch to suppress weeds, while simultaneously reducing living mulch vigor. Herbicide treatments were a combination of two POST applications, each consisting of a single, different herbicide. Field trials were conducted in Freeville, NY, USA, using: fresh market field tomato as cash crop; sesbania and sunn hemp

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11

Gallagher, Robert S., John Cardina, and Mark Loux. "Integration of cover crops with postemergence herbicides in no-till corn and soybean." Weed Science 51, no. 6 (2003): 995–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/p2002-062.

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The integration of cover crops with selected postemergence herbicides was evaluated on the basis of weed control and grain yields in no-till soybean and corn. Soybean was planted into wheat residue, whereas corn was planted into hairy vetch residue. Full, half, and quarter rates and sequential herbicide applications were made. The wheat cover crop did not increase weed suppression but increased soybean grain yields. Half rates of thifensulfuron plus quizalofop-P as single or split applications were as effective as full rates in reducing weed weight in soybean. Soybean grain yields were similar

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12

Ghazikhanlou Sani, Yousef, Ali Reza Yousefi, Khalil Jamshidi, Farid Shekari, Jose L. Gonzalez-Andujar, and Nicholas E. Korres. "Weed Response to ALS-Inhibitor Herbicide (Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron Methyl) under Increased Temperature and Carbon Dioxide." Agronomy 13, no. 8 (2023): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13082084.

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Information on the impact of climate change on the growth of weed species and their sensitivity to herbicides could help to establish an efficient weed management strategy. Due to the excessive use of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides, resistance to those herbicides is increasing globally. It is, thus, crucial to find out whether the efficacy of these herbicides will change in the future due to the increase in temperatures and carbon dioxide concentration. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) changes on the growth of Amaranthu

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13

Song, Hakyoon, Sangchun Choi, Yoon Seok Jung, Eunjung Park, and Hyukhoon Kim. "Characteristics of Acute Herbicide Poisoning: Focused on Chlorophenoxy Herbicide." Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 17, no. 2 (2019): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22537/jksct.2019.17.2.126.

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Purpose: Herbicide-related mortality has decreased since the complete ban of paraquat product sales in 2012, but there still have been other herbicides intoxications with relatively severe complications. Glyphosate and glufosinate herbicides are used widely, and considerable research has been conducted. Chlorophenoxy herbicide is another major herbicide that has shown poor outcomes and mortality without proper management, but research in this area is lacking. Therefore, this study compared the clinical features of chlorophenoxy herbicide with those of other herbicides. Methods: The medical rec

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14

Song, Hakyoon, Sangchun Choi, Yoon Seok Jung, Eunjung Park, and Hyukhoon Kim. "Characteristics of Acute Herbicide Poisoning: Focused on Chlorophenoxy Herbicide." Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 17, no. 2 (2019): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22537/jksct.17.2.126.

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Purpose: Herbicide-related mortality has decreased since the complete ban of paraquat product sales in 2012, but there still have been other herbicides intoxications with relatively severe complications. Glyphosate and glufosinate herbicides are used widely, and considerable research has been conducted. Chlorophenoxy herbicide is another major herbicide that has shown poor outcomes and mortality without proper management, but research in this area is lacking. Therefore, this study compared the clinical features of chlorophenoxy herbicide with those of other herbicides. Methods: The medical rec

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15

Detsyna, A. A., I. V. Illarionova, and V. I. Khatnyansky. "Influence of the rates of a herbicide Germes on the productivity of a sunflower variety Aladdin." Oil Crops 2, no. 194 (2023): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/2412-608x-2023-2-194-107-110.

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The application of herbicides of ALS-inhibiting type based on imazapir and imazamox allowed getting rid the weeds, including hard-to-remove ones, and controlling spreading of the new more virulent races of broomrape O. cumana. Thus, herbicide resistant varieties will be more high-yielding. In 2021–2022, action of increased rates of an after-seedling herbicide Germes, OD (by Schyolkovo Agrochim) – 1.0, 1.3, and 1.5 l/ha on the productivity of a new sunflower variety Aladdin being resistant to herbicides of imidazolinone group was studied in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of O

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16

Haring, Steven C., Junjun Ou, Kassim Al-Khatib, and Bradley D. Hanson. "Grapevine Injury and Fruit Yield Response to Simulated Auxin Herbicide Drift." HortScience 57, no. 3 (2022): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16317-21.

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Grape growers are concerned about the potential impact of drift from commonly used auxinic herbicides. In California, this is frequently related to herbicides used in cereals and noncrop areas, whereas in other parts of the United States concerns are often related to dicamba- and 2,4-D-resistant cropping systems. Our objective was to compare the relative sensitivity of winegrapes to simulated auxinic herbicide drift, including grapevine symptomology, grape yield, and grape quality. In a small-plot herbicide evaluation, we applied 1/900×, 1/300×, 1/100×, and 1/33× rates of 2,4-D, aminopyralid,

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17

Zollinger, Richard K., Donald Penner, and James J. Kells. "Absorption, Translocation, and Foliar Activity of Clopyralid and Tribenuron in Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis)." Weed Science 40, no. 4 (1992): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500058082.

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Experiments were conducted to study absorption, translocation, and activity of clopyralid and tribenuron in perennial sowthistle. Absorption and translocation were compared in perennial sowthistle at the rosette and bud stage over a period of 9 d. Both14C-clopyralid and tribenuron were absorbed slowly by perennial sowthistle leaves with 60 and 30% absorption, respectively, 216 h after application. Limited movement of the absorbed14C was observed for both herbicides with less than 28% of either herbicide exported from the treated leaf. Primary movement of14C-herbicide within the plant was acrop

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18

Sani, Yousef Ghazikhanlou, Ali Reza Yousefi, Khalil Jamshidi, Farid Shekari, and Jose L. Gonzalez Andujar. "Weed response to ALS-inhibitor herbicide (sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron methyl) under increased temperature and carbon dioxide." AIMS Agriculture and Food 8, no. 2 (2023): 550–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2023029.

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<abstract> <p>Information on the impact of climate change on the growth of weed species and their sensitivity to herbicides could help to establish an efficient weed management strategy. Due to the excessive use of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides, resistance to those herbicides is increasing globally. It is thus crucial to find out whether the efficacy of these herbicides will change in the future due to the increase in carbon dioxide concentration and in the temperatures. This work therefore aims to evaluate the impact of temperature and carbon dioxide (CO<sub&

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19

Bakan, Oguzhan, Derya Eşen, and Bilal Çetin. "Phytotoxicity of clopyralid at high rates on seed germination of mediterranean pines." Šumarski list 146, no. 1-2 (2022): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.146.1-2.5.

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Black pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold), maritime pine (P. pinaster Aiton), Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.), and Turkish red pine (TRP, P. brutia Ten.) are ecologically and economically important conifers of the Mediterranean Basin, and in particular for Turkish forestry. They are commonly used for the regeneration and restoration of degraded ecosystems in Turkey. Weeds compete with tree seedlings for vital site elements such as soil moisture and nutrients and solar radiation, substantially reducing tree establishment and growth. Herbicides can offer the practitioner efficient and cost-effective w

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20

Pope, VA, and PN McConville. "Efficacy of post-emergence herbicides for weed control in chemical fallows in southern Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 1 (1990): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900079.

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Out-of-patent herbicides (2,4-D, MCPA, dichlorprop, amitrole, ametryn, atrazine and linuron) were screened at 3 rates of post-emergence application for weed control during fallow periods in southern Queensland. Herbicide efficacy was assessed on 26 weeds at 1 or more stages of growth. Each herbicide had a limited spectrum of activity over the range of species encountered, with amitrole being the most effective. The chlorophenoxy compounds controlled only some of the broad-leaved species and had no effect on grass species. Where more than 1 growth stage for each weed was encountered, difference

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Bangarwa, Sanjeev K., Jason K. Norsworthy, and Edward E. Gbur. "Cover Crop and Herbicide Combinations for Weed Control in Polyethylene-mulched Bell Pepper." HortTechnology 19, no. 2 (2009): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.2.405.

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Field trials were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the performance of ‘Caliente’ mustard cover crop and herbicide combinations for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). ‘Caliente’ mustard is a blend of brown mustard (Brassica juncea) and white mustard (Sinapis alba). Herbicide treatments included 1/2× and 1× rates of two pre-emergence (PRE) and two postdirected (PD) herbicides. PRE herbicides were applied 1 week before transplanting, whereas PD herbicides were applied at 4 to 5 weeks after transplanting. ‘Caliente’ mustard did not supplement weed control or

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Bangarwa, Sanjeev K., Jason K. Norsworthy, and Edward E. Gbur. "Cover Crop and Herbicide Combinations for Weed Control in Polyethylene-mulched Bell Pepper." HortTechnology 19, no. 2 (2009): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.19.2.405.

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Field trials were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the performance of ‘Caliente’ mustard cover crop and herbicide combinations for weed control in polyethylene-mulched bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). ‘Caliente’ mustard is a blend of brown mustard (Brassica juncea) and white mustard (Sinapis alba). Herbicide treatments included 1/2× and 1× rates of two pre-emergence (PRE) and two postdirected (PD) herbicides. PRE herbicides were applied 1 week before transplanting, whereas PD herbicides were applied at 4 to 5 weeks after transplanting. ‘Caliente’ mustard did not supplement weed control or

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Recker, Ross A., Joseph G. Lauer, David E. Stoltenberg, Paul D. Mitchell, and Vince M. Davis. "Does Timing Influence the Utility of Reduced Atrazine Rates for Proactive Resistance Management?" Weed Technology 29, no. 3 (2015): 464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-14-00120.1.

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Atrazine is an important herbicide for broadleaf weed control in corn. Use rates have declined in many corn production systems due to environmental concerns and the availability of other effective herbicides, especially glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant hybrids. However, using multiple effective herbicide modes of action is ever more important because occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds is increasing. An experiment to compare application timings of reduced rates of atrazine to benefit resistance management in broadleaf weeds while protecting corn yield was conducted in Wisconsin across fo

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Arruda, J. S., N. F. Lopes, and A. B. Moura. "Behavior of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains under different herbicide concentrations." Planta Daninha 19, no. 1 (2001): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582001000100013.

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The Bradyrhizobium japonicun strains SEMIA 5073, SEMIA 5074, SEMIA 5079 and SEMIA 5080 were grown in vitro using Vincent medium combined with different rates of the herbicides imazaquin (0, 0.04, 0.12, 0.24, 0.36 mg a.i. g-1), clomazone (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg a.i. g-1) and sulfentrazone (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg a.i. g-1) to evaluate the strains tolerance to herbicides. The three herbicides drastically inhibited all the rhizobium strains tested, showing a significant decrease of the CFU number as a function of herbicide rates. The rhizobium strains presented a differentiated tolerance

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Solomon, Craig B., and Kevin W. Bradley. "Influence of Application Timings and Sublethal Rates of Synthetic Auxin Herbicides on Soybean." Weed Technology 28, no. 3 (2014): 454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-13-00145.1.

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Synthetic auxin herbicides have long been utilized for the selective control of broadleaf weeds in a variety of crop and noncrop environments. Recently, two agrochemical companies have begun to develop soybean with resistance to 2,4-D and dicamba which might lead to an increase in the application of these herbicides in soybean production areas in the near future. Additionally, little research has been published pertaining to the effects of a newly-discovered synthetic auxin herbicide, aminocyclopyrachlor, on soybean phytotoxicity. Two field trials were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate th

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Sharma, Gourav, Swati Shrestha, Te-Ming Tseng, and Sanju Shrestha. "Screening and Selection for Herbicide Tolerance among Diverse Tomato Germplasms." Horticulturae 9, no. 12 (2023): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9121354.

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Solanum lycopersicum, the domesticated species of tomato, is produced and consumed globally. It is one of the most economically important vegetable crops worldwide. In the commercial production of tomatoes, tomatoes are extremely sensitive to herbicide drifts from row crops in the vicinity. Injury to tomatoes from auxin herbicides and glyphosate can occur at rates as low as 0.01×. This results in a substantial yield reduction, and at high drift rates, plants may not show signs of recovery. With the new herbicide-resistant crop technologies on the market, which include 2,4-D and dicamba-resista

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Harker, K. Neil, John T. O'Donovan, T. Kelly Turkington, et al. "Diverse Rotations and Optimal Cultural Practices Control Wild Oat (Avena fatua)." Weed Science 64, no. 1 (2016): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-15-00133.1.

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In western Canada, more money is spent on wild oat herbicides than on any other weed species, and wild oat resistance to herbicides is the most widespread resistance issue. A direct-seeded field experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2014 at eight Canadian sites to determine crop life cycle, crop species, crop seeding rate, crop usage, and herbicide rate combination effects on wild oat management and canola yield. Combining 2× seeding rates of early-cut barley silage with 2× seeding rates of winter cereals and excluding wild oat herbicides for 3 of 5 yr (2011 to 2013) often led to similar wild

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Creech, Cody F., Ryan S. Henry, Rafael Werle, Lowell D. Sandell, Andrew J. Hewitt, and Greg R. Kruger. "Performance of Postemergence Herbicides Applied at Different Carrier Volume Rates." Weed Technology 29, no. 3 (2015): 611–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-14-00101.1.

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POST weed control in soybean in the United States is difficult because weed resistance to herbicides has become more prominent. Herbicide applicators have grown accustomed to low carrier volume rates that are typical with glyphosate applications. These low carrier volumes are efficient for glyphosate applications and allow applicators to treat a large number of hectares in a timely manner. Alternative modes of action can require greater carrier volumes to effectively control weeds. Glyphosate, glufosinate, lactofen, fluazifop-P, and 2,4-D were evaluated in field and greenhouse studies using 47

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Steckel, Lawrence E., Michael S. Defelice, and Barry D. Sims. "Integrating Reduced Rates of Postemergence Herbicides and Cultivation for Broadleaf Weed Control in Soybeans (Glycine max)." Weed Science 38, no. 6 (1990): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500051456.

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The interaction of reduced rates of bentazon, chlorimuron, imazaquin, and imazethapyr with cultivation for broadleaf weed control in soybeans was investigated in field experiments conducted at three sites in Missouri in 1987 and 1988. Single reduced-rate herbicide applications provided soybean yields equal to full rates although visual weed control was slightly lower. Sequential applications of all four herbicides at reduced rates provided weed control and soybean yields equal to full-rate applications. The number of velvetleaf plants m−2and seeds plant−1were not influenced by herbicide, herbi

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Yu, Jialin, and Nathan S. Boyd. "Evaluation of nonselective herbicides for strawberry termination." Weed Technology 34, no. 4 (2020): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.20.

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AbstractFlorida strawberry growers apply the nonselective herbicide paraquat for crop termination. Alternative herbicides are desirable because of recent label restrictions on paraquat use and the occurrence of three paraquat-resistant weed species found in strawberry fields. Field experiments were conducted at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center at Balm, FL, to compare the efficacy of diquat, paraquat, and glufosinate and determine the optimal rate for strawberry termination. Peak control occurred at 14 d after treatment and strawberry foliage desiccation increased as herbicide rate

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Beckie, Hugh J. "Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Management Tactics and Practices." Weed Technology 20, no. 3 (2006): 793–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-084r1.1.

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In input-intensive cropping systems around the world, farmers rarely proactively manage weeds to prevent or delay the selection for herbicide resistance. Farmers usually increase the adoption of integrated weed management practices only after herbicide resistance has evolved, although herbicides continue to be the dominant method of weed control. Intergroup herbicide resistance in various weed species has been the main impetus for changes in management practices and adoption of cropping systems that reduce selection for resistance. The effectiveness and adoption of herbicide and nonherbicide t

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Dear, BS, GA Sandral, and NE Coombes. "Differential tolerance of Trifolium subterraneum L. (subterranean clover) cultivars to broadleaf herbicides 1. Herbage yield." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (1995): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950467.

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The differential tolerance of 7 Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) cultivars to 5 broadleaf herbicide treatments applied at 2 rates was examined at 2 sites over 2 years. The herbicide treatments and the rate of active ingredient applied (kg a.i./ha) were 2,4-DB (0.8, 1.6), MCPA (0.5, 1.0), bromoxynil (0.28, 0.56), MCPA (0.15, 0.3) + terbutryn (0.275, 0.4125), and MCPA (0.25, 0.375) + diuron (0.25, 0.375). The herbage yield of all cultivars at 30 and 60 days after herbicide application (DAA) was suppressed by all herbicides except 2,4-DB at 60 DAA. There was marked variation in cultiv

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Schweizer, Edward E. "New Technological Developments to Reduce Groundwater Contamination by Herbicides." Weed Technology 2, no. 2 (1988): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00030451.

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Strategies to prevent chemical contamination of groundwater will be more effective and cost less than cleaning up groundwater. Advances in weed control technologies have improved timing of herbicide applications, have reduced application rates from kg/ha to g/ha, and have distributed herbicides better within the weed-crop complex. These technologies include microbial pesticides, controlled-release formulations, herbicide chemistry, improved integrated weed management systems, and bioeconomic weed-crop models that reduce herbicide use. These new technologies should reduce the quantity of herbic

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Tanveer, A., M. Ayub, A. Ali, and R. Ahmad. "Phytotoxic Effect of Herbicides with and without Surfactant on Weed Growth and Yield of Wheat." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 4, no. 2 (1999): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol4iss2pp35-39.

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Use of surfactants is an effective mean of improving herbicide efficiency. The herbicides methabenzthiazuron [l ,3-Dimethyl-3-(2-benzothiazolyl)urea], chlortoluron[N-(3, Chloro-4-methyl phenyl)-N-N-dimethyl urea] + MCPA(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid] and lsoproturon [3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1, 1-dimethyl urea] were evaluated for weed control at recommended rates of 1.26, 1.50 and 0.97 a.i. kg ha-1, respectively, in comparison with a 12.5 and 25% less rate after the addition of 0.2 % surfactant. Application of herbicides with surfactant even at lower rates was as effective as recommended r

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Tipping, Philip W., Lyn A. Gettys, Carey R. Minteer, Jeremiah R. Foley, and Samantha N. Sardes. "Herbivory by Biological Control Agents Improves Herbicidal Control of Waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 10, no. 3 (2017): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.30.

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Classical biological control of waterhyacinth is difficult to evaluate against the backdrop of active herbicide programs. Two experiments evaluated the additive impact of herbivory by two biological control agents with three different rates of 2,4-D on waterhyacinth growth and development in outdoor concrete mesocosms. The herbicide 2,4-D was applied at three rates: (1) control (no herbicide), (2) reduced (2.1 kg ai ha−1), and (3) operational (4.3 kg ai ha−1). Biomass of waterhyacinth populations was reduced by 16.9% by biological control only, 10.5% by the reduced rate of herbicide alone, 44.

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Radchenko, M., Zh Guralchuk, O. Rodzevych, M. Khandezhina, and Ye Morderer. "Effectiveness of using the mixtures of herbicides flumioxazine and fluorochloridone in sunflower crops." Agricultural Science and Practice 9, no. 2 (2022): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.02.023.

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Aim. This work is devoted to the search for potential partners for the integrated application of flumioxazine in sunflower crops. This herbicide is an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) in weed plants. The resistance to this class of herbicides is not yet common today, compared to other classes. Therefore, the work is aimed at de- veloping flumioxazine-based herbicide compositions that effectively prevent the emergence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Methods. The interaction effects, weed control efficiency, and crop selectivity were studied when flumioxazine was used in the m

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Woodyard, Andrew J., Germán A. Bollero, and Dean E. Riechers. "Broadleaf Weed Management in Corn Utilizing Synergistic Postemergence Herbicide Combinations." Weed Technology 23, no. 4 (2009): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-08-188.1.

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POST combinations of photosystem II (PSII) and the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors are effective for control of broadleaf weeds in corn. Field studies were conducted during 2007 and 2008 in Urbana and Dekalb, IL, to determine the nature of interactions between two PSII inhibitors, atrazine and bromoxynil, and the HPPD inhibitor mesotrione, based on control of common waterhemp, common lambsquarters, and giant ragweed. Two rates of each herbicide were evaluated, with the highest representing a typical recommended rate, and the lowest a fraction of that rate. Synergistic int

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Klett, James E., David Hillock, and David Staats. "Preemergent Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 660c—660. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.660c.

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Herbicides were applied to container-grown herbaceous perennials and evaluated on the basis of weed control, phytotoxicity, and effect on plant growth. During the 1995 season six preemergent herbicides [(in kg·ha–1) Napropamide (Devrinol 10G), 4.5 and 9.1; Isoxaben (Gallery 75DF), 1.1 and 2.3; Oxadiazon (Ronstar 2G), 4.5 and 9.1; Oxyfluorfen + Oryzalin (Rout 3G), 3.4 and 13.6; Oryzalin (Surflan AS), 2.8 and 4.5; and Trifluralin (Treflan 5G) 4.5 and 9.1, were tested on Callirhoe involucrata, Delosperma nubigenum, Dendranthemum ×morifolium `Jennifer', Festuca cinerea `Sea Urchin', and Gypsophila

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Storchous, I. "Influence of herbicide Granstar Pro 75, w.g., in vitro conditions on the seed growth of Amarantus retroflexus L." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 4 (January 9, 2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.21-28.

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Goal. Investigate the herbistatic properties of the herbicide Granstar Pro 75, w.g., regarding its effect on the germination of Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds, to ensure targeted and rational use in wheat crops, with maximum preservation of the crop and minimal environmental impact. Methods. Laboratory, visual, computational and comparative, mathematical and statistical. Results. It was established that after using the herbicide Granstar Pro 75, w.g., with consumption rates of 15.0 g/ ha, 20.0 g/ ha and 25.0 g/ ha in in vitro conditions there was inhibition of the germination of t

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Li, Guangling, Yang Yang, Shoumeng Wang, et al. "Investigation and Analysis of the Residual Status and Distribution of Long-Lasting-Effect Herbicides in Field Soil: A Case Study of Henan Province, a Major Agricultural Producing Area in China." Agriculture 15, no. 9 (2025): 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15090996.

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The results demonstrated that among the total 365 investigated samples, the proportion of samples detecting three target herbicides simultaneously, two herbicides, one herbicide, and none were 0.3%, 6.4%, 65.2%, and 23.2%, respectively. For samples with only one detected herbicide, the detection rates in Jiyuan, Luohe, Puyang, Luoyang, Xuchang, and Hebi were relatively high (ranging from 44% to 100%), whereas those in Sanmenxia, Nanyang, Xinxiang, and Kaifeng were relatively low (ranging from 6% to 20%). Regarding individual herbicides, the detection rates of mesosulfuron-methyl, quinclorac, h

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Catanzaro, C. J., W. A. Skroch, and P. H. Henry. "Rooting Performance of Hardwood Stem Cuttings from Herbicide-treated Nursery Stock Plants." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 11, no. 3 (1993): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-11.3.128.

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Abstract Bed-grown nursery stock was treated with preemergence herbicides semiannually for 3 years at maximum label use rates. Herbicides included Devrinol, Pennant, Ronstar, Southern Weedgrass Control, Surflan, Treflan, Ornamental Herbicide 2, Rout, and XL. Hardwood cuttings were taken after two and four herbicide applications (‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly), or after two and six applications (shore juniper, Pfitzer juniper, glossy privet). Herbicides did not affect rooting of cuttings or growth of stock plants of the taxa tested.

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Abdollahi, Farzin, and Hossein Ghadiri. "Effect of Separate and Combined Applications of Herbicides on Weed Control and Yield of Sugar Beet." Weed Technology 18, no. 4 (2004): 968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-142r2.

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Field studies were conducted to investigate the effects of different rates of herbicides on weed control, agronomic characteristics, and quality of sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001. Separate and combined applications of herbicides, including 14 combinations and different rates of grass and broadleaf herbicides, at two rates were used. Herbicides reduced weed biomass compared with the weedy check. In both years, maximum reduction in weed biomass was observed with desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate at 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.23 kg ai/ha and desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus pro

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Bertucci, Matthew B., Michael Fogleman, and Jason K. Norsworthy. "Efficacy of fall-applied residual herbicides on weedy rice control in rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Weed Technology 33, no. 03 (2019): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.24.

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AbstractField experiments were initiated near Colt, AR, in the fall of 2016 and continued through the summer of 2018 to evaluate rice tolerance and weedy (or red) rice control after fall-applied very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA)-inhibiting herbicides. A split-plot design was used for the experiment, with the whole-plot factor being winter condition (flooded or non-flooded) and the split-plot factors being herbicide and rate. Herbicide treatments included acetochlor, dimethenamid-P, pethoxamid, pyroxasulfone, andS-metolachlor applied at 1,050, 525, 420, 205, and 1,070 g ai ha−1and at 2,100, 1,

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Dear, BS, GA Sandral, and NE Coombes. "Change in stomatal resistance and water use in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in response to broadleaf herbicides." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 4 (1996): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960625.

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The effect of 5 broadleaf herbicides on the water use and stomatal resistance of 2 cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) was examined in a glasshouse study. The herbicide treatments 2,4-DB, MCPA, bromoxynil, MCPA+terbutryn, and MCPA+diuron were applied at 6 rates at 2 times (14 May, 14 June) to plants at 2 leaf stages (3-4 and 8-10 leaves). Each of the herbicides reduced water use by the clover within 24 h, the size of the reduction increasing with the rate of herbicide applied. The herbicide treatments MCPA+terbutryn, MCPA+diuron, and bromoxynil caused the largest reduc

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Scott, Robert C., and Thomas F. Peeper. "Economic Returns from Broadleaf Weed Control in Hard Red Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Weed Technology 8, no. 04 (1994): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00028712.

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Seventeen on-farm and two experiment station experiments were conducted to evaluate farmers' decisions to apply broadleaf weed control herbicides to tillered hard red winter wheat in February or March with or without urea-ammonium nitrate (28-0-0) fertilizer carrier. The herbicides and rates varied by farm, but all farmers applied a residual sulfonylurea herbicide and four added a phenoxy herbicide. Most farmer-selected herbicide treatments controlled target weeds including bushy wallflower, flixweed, henbit, plains coreopsis, smallflowered bittercress, and wild buckwheat. Controlling these we

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Altland, James E., Charles H. Gilliam, and Glenn Wehtje. "Weed Control in Field Nurseries." HortTechnology 13, no. 1 (2003): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.1.0009.

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Herbicide use is an important component of weed management in field nursery crops. No single herbicide controls all weed species. Oxyfluorfen, simazine, and isoxaben are preemergence herbicides effective against broadleaf weeds. Oryzalin, pendimethalin, and prodiamine are effective in preemergence control of grasses and some small-seeded broadleaf weeds. Metolachlor is the only herbicide currently labeled for nursery crops that is effective in preemergence nutsedge (Cyperus) control. Fluazifop-butyl, sethoxydim, and clethodim are selective postemergence herbicides used for grass control. Glyph

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Rosenkranz, Helen, Martyn G. Kelly, Alexandre M. Anesio, and Marian L. Yallop. "A Multi-Faceted Approach to Quantifying Recovery of Stream Phytobenthos Following Acute Herbicide Incidents." Phycology 3, no. 1 (2023): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/phycology3010003.

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Phytobenthos, major primary producers in freshwater, may be periodically exposed to herbicides through runoff, spray drift, and leaching, but experimental work on their response to herbicides is limited. Outdoor flumes were used to measure the recovery of intact phytobenthic biofilms, following a short-term pulse to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) and chlorotoluron (CLT), singly or as a mixture (GBHC). Two days following the removal of the herbicides, significant declines in biomass and rates of areal gross maximum photosynthesis were recorded in GBH and GBHC-treated flumes. Herbicide pulse

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Mueller-Warrant, George W. "Format of a Weed Control Database." Weed Technology 5, no. 1 (1991): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00033571.

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Access to detailed descriptions of the effects of applying specific rates of herbicides to crops and weeds in various growth stages is hampered by the format in which the relevant information is stored. Compared to traditional formats of journal articles and herbicide registration labels, computer database systems could easily cross-reference data from large numbers of experiments and answer specific questions concerning herbicide performance under particular conditions. Availability of this type of information could have far-reaching consequences for herbicide users, consultants, researchers,

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Sousa, C. P., J. J. O. Pinto, E. G. Martinazzo, A. T. Perboni, M. E. Farias, and M. A. Bacarin. "Chlorophyll a fluorescence in rice plants exposed of herbicides of group imidazolinone." Planta Daninha 32, no. 1 (2014): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582014000100016.

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The objective of this work was to investigate the injuries caused to the photosynthetic apparatus of three types of rice exposed to application of imidazolinone group herbicides. Two experiments were conducted using herbicides Imazethapyr+imazapic and Imazapyr+imazapic, in a split-plot experimental design, and a 3 x 3 factorial, with six replications. The first factor (A) consisted of the herbicide rates 0, 100 e 200 g ha-1 of Imazethapyr+imazapic and 0, 140 e 280 g ha-1 of Imazapyr+imazapic; factor B consisted of type of rice (cv. Puitá Inta CL, sensitive red rice ecotype and red rice ecotype

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Spandl, Eric, Beverly R. Durgan, and Douglas W. Miller. "Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) with Reduced Rates of Postemergence Herbicides." Weed Technology 11, no. 3 (1997): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00045474.

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Rates and application timings of postemergence herbicides for wild oat control in spring wheat and barley were evaluated at Crookston, MN, from 1994 to 1996. Diclofop, imazamethabenz, and fenoxaprop plus MCPA plus thifensulfuron plus tribenuron were applied to one- to three-leaf wild oat; and difenzoquat, imazamethabenz, fenoxaprop plus MCPA plus thifensulfuron plus tribenuron, and fenoxaprop plus 2,4-D plus MCPA were applied to four- to five-leaf wild oat at 1/2 ×, 3/4 ×, and 1 × rates. Wild oat response to herbicide rate and timing was similar in wheat and barley. Wild oat control with 1/2 ×

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