Relevant bibliographies by topics / Herbicider

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Academic literature on the topic 'Herbicider'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Herbicider"

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ALVARENGA, DOUGLAS RODRIGUES, MATHEUS FERREIRA FRANÇA TEIXEIRA, FRANCISCO CLAUDIO LOPES DE FREITAS, MARIA CAROLINA GOMES PAIVA, MARIANA RACHEL NASCIMENTO CARVALHO, and VALDINEI ARAÚJO GONÇALVES. "INTERAÇÕES ENTRE HERBICIDAS NO MANEJO DO MILHO RR® VOLUNTÁRIO." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n1p122-134.

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RESUMO - A mistura entre herbicidas pode resultar em efeitos sinérgicos, antagônicos ou aditivos no controle do milho voluntário e de outras espécies de plantas daninhas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficiência de diferentes doses do fluazifop-p-butil isolado e na associação com os herbicidas glyphosate, 2,4-D e a mistura glyphosate + 2,4-D. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos contendo cinco litros de solo, com seis doses do herbicida fluazifopp- butil aplicadas em mistura com três herbicidas/mistura [glyphosate, 2,4-D e glyphosate + 2,4-D] em três formas de aplicação (mistura em tanque, aplicados separadamente no mesmo dia e separadamente cinco dias antes da aplicação do fluazipop-p-butil), mais as seis doses do fluazifop-p-butil sem mistura. Verificou-se que o herbicida fluazifop-pbutil aplicado isoladamente controla de modo eficiente plantas voluntárias de híbrido de milho AS 1660 PRO RR nas doses 75 g ha-1, 28 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Porém, a mistura em tanque do fluazifop-p-butil com 2,4-D resultou em redução do nível de controle do milho voluntário. Não houve redução da eficácia no controle do milho quando se aplicou o herbicida fluazifop-p-butil associado ao glyphosate, 2,4-D e a mistura glyphosate + 2,4-D, separadamente no mesmo dia ou cinco dias após.Palavras-chave: antagonismo, fluazifop-p-butil, glyphosate, 2,4-D, Zea mays.INTERACTIONS AMONG HERBICIDES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE VOLUNTARY MAIZE RR®ABSTRACT - Mixing herbicides may result in synergistic, antagonistic or additive effects on the control of volunteer maize and other weed species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different doses of fluazifopp- butyl alone and in association with the herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D and glyphosate + 2,4-D mixture. The experiment was carried out in pots containing five liters of soil, with six doses of the herbicide fluazifop-p-butyl applied in a mixture of three herbicides/mixture [glyphosate, 2,4-D and glyphosate + 2,4-D] (tank mix, applied separately on the same day and separately five days prior to the application of fluazipop-p-butyl) plus the six doses of fluazifop-p-butyl without mixing. The isolated fluazifop-p-butyl herbicide was monitored efficiently to control volunteer maize hybrids AS 1660 PRO RR at doses 75 g ha-1, 28 days after application (DAA). However, tank mixing of fluazifop-p-butyl with 2,4-D resulted in a reduction in the level of voluntary maize control. There was no reduction in efficacy in maize control when applied we the herbicide fluazifop-p-butyl associated with glyphosate, 2,4-D and glyphosate + 2,4-D mixture, separately on the same day or five days later.Keywords: antagonism, fluazifop-p-butyl, glyphosate, 2,4-D, Zea mays.
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Mallory-Smith, Carol. "Impact of Labeling Herbicides by Site of Action: A University View." Weed Technology 13, no. 3 (September 1999): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00046376.

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One of the most consistent recommendations, from both the private and public sectors, for the prevention and management of herbicide-resistant weeds is to rotate herbicides with different sites of action. Therefore, it is imperative that those who make herbicide recommendations and those who apply herbicides know which herbicides have the same or different sites of action. An herbicide's site of action is not obvious from its trade, common, or chemical name, and it is not possible to determine from the label if it has the same site of action as another herbicide.
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Harrison, Howard F. "Developing Herbicide-Tolerant Crop Cultivars: Introduction." Weed Technology 6, no. 3 (September 1992): 613–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00035909.

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In recent years considerable research in the private and public sectors has been directed toward introducing herbicide tolerance into normally susceptible crop species (9). Interest in developing herbicide-tolerant crop cultivars, clones, or hybrids (HTCs)3has been spurred by the reduction in the rate of discovery of new herbicidal compounds, the rising expense of developing new herbicides, and new tools of biotechnology that greatly increased our ability to develop HTC genotypes. Potential benefits of developing HTCs include: a) an increased margin of safety with which herbicides can be used with subsequent reduced crop losses due to herbicide injury, b) reduced risk of crop damage from residual herbicides from rotational crops, and c) introduction of new herbicides for use on normally susceptible crops. The last objective can be considered to be similar to breeding for resistance to diseases or insects. The most serious weed problems for a crop can be solved by developing crop tolerance to herbicides that control the weeds. This approach is particularly promising for minor crops for which new herbicide development is essentially lacking. However, the reluctance of herbicide manufacturers to register their products for minor crops may impede this approach. By developing tolerance to nontoxic, nonpolluting herbicides that are suitable for conservation tillage, the negative environmental effects of weed control can be reduced.
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Sukhoverkov, Kirill V., Maxime G. Corral, Julie Leroux, Joel Haywood, Philipp Johnen, Trevor Newton, Keith A. Stubbs, and Joshua S. Mylne. "Improved herbicide discovery using physico-chemical rules refined by antimalarial library screening." RSC Advances 11, no. 15 (2021): 8459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra00914a.

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Trawling hundreds of antimalarials for herbicides, we develop a weighted scoring system for the phys-chem ‘rules’ of herbicide-likeness. Using this, we discover the antimalarial MMV1206386 is herbicidal via a novel mode of action.
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Milosevic, Nada, and Mitar Govedarica. "Effect of herbicides on microbiological properties of soil." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 102 (2002): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0201005m.

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Microorganisms decompose herbicides and they may serve as bioindicators of soil changes following herbicide application. Certain microbial species may be used as bioherbicides. This study has shown that Azotobacter is most sensitive to herbicide application; it is, therefore, a reliable indicator of the biological value of soil. The numbers of this group of nitrogen-fixing bacteria decrease considerably in the period of 7-14 days after herbicide application. Simultaneously, the numbers of Actinomycetes and less so of fungi increase, indicating that these microorganisms use herbicides as sources of biogenous elements. Rate of herbicidal decomposition depends on the properties of the preparation applied herbicide dose as well as on the physical and chemical soil properties, soil moisture and temperature, ground cover, agrotechnical measures applied and the resident microbial population.
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Furquim, Lucas Tadeu, Patricia Andrea Monquero, and Rafael Pires Silva. "EFEITO DE HERBICIDAS NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO SORGO SACARINO." Nativa 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i1.6441.

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A presença de plantas daninhas pode reduzir severamente o rendimento do sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor), e em função do reduzido número de herbicidas registrados, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de herbicidas no crescimento inicial dessa cultura. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, sendo o haloxyfop-methyl, cyhalofop-butil, fomesafem, imazaquim, lactofen, atrazine, 2,4-D e saflufenacil aplicados em diferentes doses em pós-emergência inicial da cultura e os herbicidas atrazine, atrazine+simazine, hexazinone e s-metolachlor em pré-emergência da cultura. As avaliações de fitointoxicação foram realizadas aos 7, 14, 21 e 30 dias após a aplicação (DAT) e a biomassa seca da parte aérea avaliada aos 30 DAT. Em pós-emergência, os herbicidas haloxyfop-methyl e imazaquim provocaram alta fitointoxicação e impactos na biomassa das plantas. 2,4-D e atrazine não provocaram diferenças significativas com relação à testemunha tanto em fitointoxicação como na biomassa. O herbicida lactofen provocou baixa fitointoxicação, todavia, saflufenacil e fomesafen promoveram fitointoxicação na dose comercial próximo a 40% e alterações na biomassa. Dos herbicidas utilizados em pré-emergência, apenas hexazinone e s-metolachlor demonstraram fitointoxicação e alterações na biomassa. Conclui-se que os herbicidas atrazine, lactofen e 2,4-D podem ser utilizados em aplicações em pós-emergência, e atrazine e atrazine+simazine em pré-emergência.Palavras-chave: fitointoxicação, Sorghum bicolor, pré-emergente, pós-emergente. EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF SWEET SORGHUM ABSTRACT: The presence of weeds may severely reduce yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and due to the reduced number of herbicides registered, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of herbicides on the initial growth of this crop. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicate, being, the herbicides haloxyfop-methyl, cyhalofop-butyl, fomesafem, imazaquim, lactofen, atrazine, 2,4-D and saflufenacil were applied at different initial post-emergence rates and herbicides atrazine, atrazine + simazine, hexazinone and s- metolachlor in pre-emergence of the culture. The phytointoxication evaluations were performed at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after application (DAT) and the dry biomass of the aerial part evaluated at 30 DAT. In post-emergence, the herbicides haloxyfop-methyl and imazaquim caused high phytointoxication and impacts on plant biomass. 2,4-D and atrazine did not cause significant differences in relation to the control in both phytointoxication and biomass. The herbicide lactofen caused low phytointoxication, however, saflufenacil and fomesafen promoted phytointoxication at commercial dose close to 40% and changes in biomass. Of the herbicides used in pre-emergence, only hexazinone and s-metolachlor demonstrated phytointoxication and changes in biomass. It is concluded that the herbicides atrazine, lactofen and 2,4-D can be used in post-emergence applications, and pre-emergence atrazine and atrazine + simazine.Keywords: phytointoxication, Sorghum bicolor, pre-emergent, post-emergent.
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Lobachev, Yuriy Viktorovich, and Valeriy Tikonovich Krasilnikov. "The effect of new tank mixtures and herbicide compositions on economically useful indicators of soy." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i2pp16-23.

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The method of two-way analysis of variance in three field experiments in the conditions of the Right Bank of the Saratov Region studied the effect of four herbicides, two new tank mixtures and two new herbicide compositions on grain yield, number of plants per square meter, number of beans per plant, number of grains per plant, plant mass, the mass of beans from the plant, the mass of grain from the plant, the mass of 1000 grains, the protein content in the grain, the height of the plant, the height of attachment of the lower bean. The effectiveness of the herbicides was as follows: frontier optima - 72.5%, pulsar - 26.5%, gezagard - 71.2%, galaxy top - 11.7%, tank mixture frontier optima + gezagard - 86.4%, tank mixture pulsar + galaxy top - 23.0%, composition frontier optima + galaxy top - 73.8%, and composition gezagard + galaxy top - 85.1%. It was established a significant advantage in grain yield of only one new tank mixture of herbicides frontier optima + gezagard and two new compositions of herbicides frontier optima + galaxy top and gezagard + galaxy top. In the case of application of a tank mixture of herbicides, the frontier optima + hezagard yields of soybean grain significantly increased compared with the control by 377.0%, compared with herbicides the frontier optima and hezagard - by 154.0%. After the application of the herbicidal composition, the frontier optima + galaxi top soybean grain yield significantly increased compared with the control by 293.3%, compared with the herbicide frontier optima - by 120.1%, compared with the herbicide galaxy top - by 139.3%. After application of the hezagard + galaxy top herbicide composition, the soybean grain yield significantly increased compared with the control by 294.3%, compared with the hezagard herbicide - by 121.7%, compared with the galaxy top herbicide - by 141.1%.
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Li, Xiu-Qing, Alan Ng, Russell King, and Dion G. Durnford. "A Rapid and Simple Bioassay Method for Herbicide Detection." Biomarker Insights 3 (January 2008): BMI.S594. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bmi.s594.

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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, has been used in bioassay detection of a variety of toxic compounds such as pesticides and toxic metals, but mainly using liquid culture systems. In this study, an algal lawn–-agar system for semi-quantitative bioassay of herbicidal activities has been developed. Sixteen different herbicides belonging to 11 different categories were applied to paper disks and placed on green alga lawns in Petri dishes. Presence of herbicide activities was indicated by clearing zones around the paper disks on the lawn 2–3 days after application. The different groups of herbicides induced clearing zones of variable size that depended on the amount, mode of action, and chemical properties of the herbicides applied to the paper disks. This simple, paper-disk-algal system may be used to detect the presence of herbicides in water samples and act as a quick and inexpensive semi-quantitative screening for assessing herbicide contamination.
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Klar, Antônio Evaldo, Maria Renata Rocha Pereira, and Dagoberto Martins. "POTENCIAIS HÍDRICOS NO SOLO SOBRE A EFICÁCIA DE HERBICIDAS EM Cenchrus echinatus L." IRRIGA 1, no. 1 (June 12, 2015): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2015v1n1p123.

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POTENCIAIS HÍDRICOS NO SOLO SOBRE A EFICÁCIA DE HERBICIDAS EM Cenchrus echinatus L. ANTONIO EVALDO KLAR1; MARIA RENATA ROCHA PEREIRA2 E DAGOBERTO MARTINS3 1.Prof. Emérito, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, klar@fca.unesp.br2.Engenheira Florestal, Professora, Doutora, Faculdade de Tecnologia de Capão Bonito - FATEC, Capão Bonito, SP, mariarenatarp@hotmail.com;3.Professor Livre-Docente, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, dmartins@fca.unesp.br 1 RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou relacionar a eficiência de controle de herbicidas inibidores da ACCase, aplicados em pós-emergência em plantas de Cenchrus echinatus submetidas a diferentes teores de água no solo, conduzido em casa-de-vegetação com a aplicação de três diferentes herbicidas (fluazifop-p-butil, haloxyfop-methyl e sethoxydim + óleo mineral Assist). O delineamento experimental utilizado para cada herbicida foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, constituído de um fatorial 3 x 4, sendo a combinação de três potenciais mínimos de água do solo (Ψ = -0,03; -0,07 e -1,5 MPa) e quatro doses destes produtos (100, 50, 25 e 0% da dose recomendada). A aplicação dos herbicidas foi efetuada no estádio vegetativo de 4-6 folhas e os manejos hídricos foram iniciados no estádio de desenvolvimento de duas folhas, repondo-se a água quando o solo atingia os Ψ mínimos até o solo atingir o Ψ de -0,01 MPa para os três níveis citados. As avaliações visuais de fitotoxicidade foram realizadas semanalmente, dos 7 aos 28 dias após a aplicação e a matéria seca das plantas ao final destas. A eficiência de controle dos diferentes herbicidas foi influenciada pelos manejos hídricos, sendo menor em plantas mantidas em potencial mínimo de água no solo de -1,5 MPa, para todos os herbicidas estudados. Palavras-chave: capim-carrapicho, controle químico, restrição hídrica, planta daninha. KLAR, A. E.1; PEREIRA, M. R. R.2; MARTINS, D.3WATER POTENTIAL IN THE SOIL ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HERBICIDES IN Cenchrus echinatus L 2 ABSTRACT This study aimed at relating the efficiency of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides applied to post-emergence Cenchrus echinatus plants with three different herbicide applications (fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl and sethoxydim + Assist mineral oil). The plants were under different water levels in the soil, and the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized experimental design with four replicates and a 3 x 4 factorial design with three minimum soil water potential ( Ψ = -0.03; -0.07 and -1.5 MPa) and four doses of the products (100, 50, 25 and 0% recommended dose). Herbicide application was performed at the 4-6-leaf vegetative stage and water management was initiated at the 2 leaf-development stage. Water was replaced when the soil reached minimum Ψ of -0.01 MPa for the three levels mentioned. Visual evaluations of phytotoxicity were performed weekly from 7 to 28 days after application and, thereafter, the evaluation of plant dry matter. The efficiency of control of the different herbicides was affected by water management, being lower in plants grown in minimum soil water potential of -1.5 MPa for all study herbicides. Keywords: sandbur, chemical control, water restriction, weed.
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ÁVILA, MYLLA RIBEIRO, SIDNEI DOUGLAS CAVALIERI, SERAFIM MARTINS CUNHA FILHO, MATEUS FELIPE GONÇALVES, and FERNANDA SATIE IKEDA. "SELETIVIDADE INICIAL DE MESOTRIONE EM FUNÇÃO DE MODALIDADES DE APLICAÇÃO NA CULTURA DO MILHO DOCE." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 16, no. 3 (December 29, 2017): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v16n3p569-577.

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RESUMO - No Brasil, o controle químico de plantas daninhas em milho doce baseia-se em herbicidas registrados para milho comum. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar, por meio de curvas de dosagem-resposta, a seletividade inicial do herbicida mesotrione ao milho doce em função de modalidades de aplicação. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5x3, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliadas cinco dosagens de mesotrione (0, 72, 144, 288 e 576 g ha-1) e três épocas de aplicação do herbicida (pré-emergência em pós-semeadura, pós-emergência em estádio V3 e pós-emergência em estádio V6), totalizando 15 tratamentos. As avaliações foram realizadas de forma a estudar os efeitos de mesotrione relacionados a intoxicação, índice SPAD, crescimento e massa de matéria seca de parte aérea das plantas. Não foi observada interação significativa (p<0,05) entre os fatores avaliados (épocas de aplicação e dosagens do herbicida) no presente estudo. O mesotrione apresenta seletividade à cultura do milho doce híbrido Tropical Plus até quatro vezes a dosagem recomendada do herbicida (4 x 144 g ha-1) ou (576 g ha-1) tanto em aplicações em pré-emergência quanto em pós-emergência (estádios V3 e V6).Palavras-chave: Zea mays L. grupo saccharata, época de aplicação, fitointoxicação, herbicida, inibidor de carotenoides. INITIAL SELECTIVITY OF MESOTRIONE AS FUNCTION OF APPLICATION MODALITIES ON SWEET CORN ABSTRACT - In Brazil, the chemical control of weeds in sweet corn uses herbicides registered for common corn. This study aimed at evaluate the initial selectivity of the herbicide mesotrione to sweet corn, by dosage-response curves in different application modalities. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with randomized blocks design in factorial scheme 5x3 and five replications. Five dosages of mesotrione (0, 72, 144, 288 and 576 g ha-1) and three periods of application of the herbicide (pre-emergence at post-sowing, post-emergence at V3 and post-emergence at V6), with 15 treatments in total, were assessed. Assessments were carried out to analyze the effects of mesotrione related to intoxication, SPAD index, growth and biomass of the aerial part of the plants. No relevant interaction was detected in the study (p<0,05) between the assessed factors (periods of application and herbicide dosages). Mesotrione is selective to sweet corn hybrid Tropical Plus up to four times the recommended dosage of the herbicide (4 x 144 g ha-1) or (576 g ha-1) both in pre-emergence and post-emergence applications (V3 and V6 growth stages).Keywords: Zea mays L. group saccharata, periods of application, phyto-intoxication, herbicide, carotenoid inhibitor.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Herbicider"

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Marchesan, Eli Danieli. "Eficiência agronômica e comportamento de formulações de atrazina com taxas distintas de liberação em latossolo vermelho distroférrico." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/235.

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CNPQ
A atrazina (2-cloro-4-etilamino-6-isopropilamino-striazina) é um herbicida mundialmente utilizado no controle de plantas daninhas, com potencial para contaminar águas subterrâneas e prejudicar culturas sensíveis em sucessão. O uso de formulações de liberação lenta de atrazina poderia se constituir estratégia mitigadora do impacto ambiental e contribuir para a melhoria da eficiência de controle de plantas daninhas. Com o objetivo de determinar o comportamento ambiental e a eficiência agronômica de formulação de atrazina com liberação lenta (xerogel), comparando-a com formulação comercial, foram realizados um experimento a campo e três bioensaios em casa de vegetação. O experimento a campo foi implantado com a cultura do milho, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, em um esquema (2 x 6) + 4. Nas parcelas principais foram locadas as formulações (atrazina WG e atrazina xerogel), e nas subparcelas as concentrações de atrazina (0, 3200, 3600, 4200, 5400 e 8000 g ha-1), com acréscimo de quatro parcelas testemunha capinadas. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas parcelas com 8000 g ha-1 para realização de bioensaios em casa de vegetação para avaliação da persistência e lixiviação das formulações. Nos bioensaios, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. No experimento a campo, avaliou-se a densidade e o controle visual de plantas daninhas e o rendimento de grãos de milho. Nos bioensaios, as principais variáveis avaliadas foram estatura, fitotoxicidade, massas de planta verde e seca. No primeiro bioensaio, selecionou-se a espécie cultivada mais adequada para utilização em testes para determinação da lixiviação e persistência das formulações de atrazina. No experimento a campo, a formulação WG exerceu maior controle de B. plantaginea que xerogel nas avaliações de mais precoces, mas nas avaliações mais tardias a atrazina xerogel foi mais eficiente. Não ocorreram diferenças de rendimento de grãos de milho entre as formulações e doses testadas. O grau de sensibilidade à atrazina variou de acordo com a espécie: quiabo e ervilha apresentaram pequena sensibilidade; aveia e trigo apresentaram nível intermediário e tomate e rabanete o mais alto nível de sensibilidade à presença de atrazina no solo. A biodisponibilização de atrazina ao solo variou em função do tempo e da formulação: até 5 dias após a aplicação, a disponibilização com a formulação xerogel foi maior; no período entre 14 e 28 dias, a biodisponibilização por atrazina WG foi superior à por xerogel; aos 35 dias após a aplicação, xerogel proporcionou maior atrazina ao solo do que WG. A meia vida foi de 30 e 38 dias, para atrazina WG e atrazina xerogel, respectivamente. Maior concentração de atrazina foi encontrada na superfície do solo (0 a 4 cm), nas duas formulações. Porém, a quantificação de atrazina por bioensaio indicou maior concentração da formulação WG entre 2 e 4 cm, em contraste com o resultado da análise cromatográfica, que indicou maior concentração da formulação xerogel.
Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamine-6-isopropylamine-striazina) is an herbicide used worldwide to control weeds with potential to contaminate groundwater and harm sensitive crops in succession. The use of controlled release formulations of atrazine could be a strategy to mitigate environmental impact and contribute to improving the efficiency of weed control with atrazine. Aiming to determine the environmental performance and agronomic efficiency of atrazine formulation of controlled release (xerogel), compared with the commercial formulation were conducted one experiment in the field and three bioassays in greenhouse. The field experiment was implemented with the corn, using randomized blocks design, with split plots in a scheme (2 x 6) + 4. In the main plots were located formulations (atrazine xerogel and WG), and in sub-plots the atrazine concentrations (0, 3200, 3600, 4200, 5400 and 8000 g ha-1), with four additional control plots weeded. Soil samples were collected from each plot with 8000 g ha-1 for bioassays in the greenhouse to evaluate the persistence and leaching of the formulations. The experimental designs of bioassays were completely randomized. In the field experiment, we evaluated the density and visual control of weeds and yield of maize. In bioassays, the main variables were height, phytotoxicity, green and dry plant mass. In the first bioassay was selected cultivated species most suitable for use in tests to determine the persistence and leaching of atrazine formulations. In the field experiment, the formulation WG produced greater control of B. plantaginea than xerogel in earlier assessments, but in later assessments atrazine xerogel was more effective. There were no differences in grain yield of maize between the formulations and doses tested. The degree of sensitivity to atrazine varied according to species: okra and peas showed little sensitivity; oats and wheat had an intermediate; radish and tomato had the highest level of sensitivity to the presence of atrazine in soil. The bioavailability of atrazine to soil varied depending on the time and formulation: until 5 days after application, atrazine disponibility by xerogel formulation was higher and in period between 14 and 28 days, the bioavailability of atrazine by WG was higher than by xerogel; 35 days after application, atrazine xerogel showed higher disponibility than the WG. The half-life was 30 and 38 days for atrazine WG and xerogel, respectively. Higher concentrations of atrazine were found in surface soil (0-4 cm) in two formulations. However, the quantification of atrazine by bioassay indicated a greater concentration of WG formulation between 2 and 4 cm, in contrast with the results of chromatographic analysis, which indicated a greater concentration of the xerogel formulation.
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2

Eriksson, Ylva. "Biologisk mångfald bland åkerogräsen. En fältstudie av två åkrar : en konventionellt och en ekologiskt odlad." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2310.

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Den biologiska mångfalden är viktig inom lantbruket. Jordbrukslandskapets mångfald är vacker för människan att se på och spännande och rogivande att vistas i. Mångfalden innehåller även en genbank som kan bli mycket etydelsefull i framtiden. Dessutom innebär oftast en rik mångfald bland ogräsen även en rik mångfald bland insekter och andra djur, däribland skadeinsekternas predatorer, vilket bidrar till produktiva åkrar. Ogräsens mångfald på åkern beror till stor del på geografiskt läge, klimat och berggrund. Även odlingssättet och tillhörande odlingsåtgärder är avgörande för hur åkerns ogräsflora ser ut. En odlingsåtgärd som har ett stort inflytande över ogräsflorans sammansättning, är användningen, eller uteslutandet, av herbicider.

Uppsatsens fältstudie består av ogräsinventeringar genomförda på två åkrar – en konventionellt odlad och en ekologiskt odlad. Den konventionella åkern är behandlad med syntetiska herbicider och den ekologiska är det inte. Studien visar att den ekologiska åkern hade fler arter, en rikligare mångfald, och många fler plantor än den konventionella åkern. Artsammansättningen tyder på att den konventionella åkern var något mer näringsrik och hade ett lägre pH.


Biological diversity is important in agricultural systems. The diversity of the agricultural landscape is beautiful to the human eye and it provides an exciting as well as soothing environment. Diversity also denotes genetic resources that can be of great importance in the future. Furthermore, a high biological diversity of weeds most often means a high diversity of insects and other animals, among them the predators of pests, which contributes to high productivity of the arable fields. The diversity of weed in a field depends on its geographical location, the climate and the bedrock. Other factors of great importance to the composition of the weed flora are the farming methods (conventional/ecological) and the specific measures used. One measure that has a high influence on the composition of the weed flora is the use, or exclusion, of herbicides.

The field study of this paper consists of weed inventories of two arable fields – the first cultivated per traditional methods and the second per ecological methods. Herbicides are used in the conventional field but not in the ecological one. The study shows that the ecological field had more secies, a greater diversity, and far more plants than the conventional field. The composition of the weed species indicates that the conventional field had a slightly higher nutritive value and a lower pH value.

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3

Fleitz, Nicholas J. "COMPARISON OF SOIL-APPLIED AND POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES WITH MULTIPLE SITES OF HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY ON TWO POPULATIONS OF HERBICIDE-RESISTANT PALMER AMARANTH IN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/99.

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With the introduction of herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth into Kentucky during the past 10 years there has been an increasing concern for effective control measures in grain production. Field trials were performed in 2016 and 2017 near Barlow and Paris, KY to determine efficacy of chemical control programs targeting herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth. Percent visual control, effects on plant density and plant height were measured in 2016 to determine treatment effectiveness. Treatments containing four different sites of herbicide activity achieved an average of 98% control. Treatments containing only 3, 2 or 1 site of activity only achieved 64%, 45% and 33% control, respectively. Within the long-chain fatty acid inhibitors herbicides in this study, pre-emergent applied pyroxasulfone provided greater control than S-metolachlor or acetochlor. Pyroxasulfone also provided greater control than the photosystem II herbicides atrazine and metribuzin. In 2017 PRE treatments consisting of three-way mixtures of flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone + chlorimuron or S-metolachlor + metribuzin + fomesafen followed by a POST herbicide treatment provided > 90% suppression of Palmer amaranth 4 weeks after trial initiation. Post-emergence treatments containing glyphosate + dicamba or glyphosate + 2,4-D following a soil-applied pre-emergent treatment achieved the most effective season-long control of Palmer amaranth.
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4

Tofoli, Gustavo Radomille [UNESP]. "Efeito do tamanho do alvo e condições operacionais sobre a uniformidade de deposição de pulverizações em pré-emergência." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97245.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito do tamanho do alvo e condições operacionais sobre a uniformidade de deposição de pulverizações em pré-emergência. Duas barras pulverizadoras de mesmo modelo (12 m e espaçamento entre bicos de 0,5 m) sendo uma para cada tipo de bico.Dois tipos de bicos (jato cônico modelo JA- 1,5 e jato plano modelo API 110-02) testados com uma mesma velocidade de aplicação (4km/h). Para o preparo das caldas de pulverização foram utilizados: água, nitrato de potássio, nitrato de cálcio, sulfato de cobre e sulfato de zinco. Os alvos foram construídos de chapa de fórmica, que foram cortadas em placas quadradas com tamanho de 13 x 13 cm. Ao centro de 602 placas foram feitos orifícios de diversos tamanhos de diâmetro: 10,16 cm, 5,8 cm, 2,54 cm, 1,27 cm, 0,63 cm e 0,32 cm. Para cada tamanho de orifício foram feitas 117 repetições. Totalizando 702 placas. Os alvos foram posicionados no piso do terreno de maneira aleatória. Depois da pulverização, estes foram lavados com 25 ml de água deionizada, dando origem as amostras. Estas, depois de filtradas, foram analisadas em espectrofotômetro de plasma. As leituras de concentrações foram transformadas em volume ( l), e este divido pela área de cada círculo correspondente, resultando em dados de depósito em l/cm2. Os dados de depósitos foram transformados em % da média, e realizado os cálculos de freqüências acumuladas para cada tamanho de alvo. O modelo de Gompertz (y = e **(a-e**(-b-c*x))) foi utilizado para ajustar os dados e efetuar as análises de regressão, obtendo os valores de R2 (0,985 a 0,997) e um novo valor de freqüência acumulada para cada curva. Calculou-se os valores de média, mediana, moda, os percentis 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 e 99.e os coeficientes de variação para todos os diferentes tamanhos de alvo para os respectivos bicos... .
It were studied two types of nozzles. The first one is a conic jet nozzle model JÁ 1,5. The second type is a flat fan nozzle model API 110-02. The application speed was 4km/h. It were used two similar sprayers set with boons 12 m wide and nozzles spaced by 0,5m. The spray solution for the fan jet nozzle was prepared with water, potassium nitrate and copper sulfate. For the conic jet nozzle theses salts were replaced by calcium nitrate and zinc sulfate. The targets were made of formica foils cut into square plates of 13 cm x 13 cm. One hundred of these plates were used to estimate the drift. In all the other 702 plates (117 replications for each type of target) it were made central circular holes of different diameters: 10,16 cm, 5,8 cm, 2,54 cm, 1,27 cm, 0,63 cm and 0,32 cm. The targets were randomly arranged on the ground. After spraying and drying the spray solution, each target was washed with 25 ml of de-ionized water. These water samples were filtered and analyzed in plasma spectrophotometer. The concentrations of the tracers in the final volume of 25 mL allowed to calculate the deposits of both spray solutions (in L/cmø) in each target. These data were converted in to percent of the means for each nozzle type and target size. Frequency distribution curves were fitted to the data. The Gompertz (y=e**(a-e**(-b-c*x))) model provided the highest determination coefficients, ranging from 0,985 and 0,997. In addition to the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD%) it were estimated the values of the mean, the median, the mode and the 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99 percents, using the frequency distribution curves. Among the central tendency measures, the mode, the median and the 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99 percents allowed more precise comparisons of spray deposits of different nozzles in targets of several sizes; the mean is very sensitive... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
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5

Oliveira, Jefferson Anthony Gabriel de [UNESP]. "Matéria seca, teores de macronutrientes e produtividade de soja transgênica e não transgênica com diferentes manejos de plantas daninhas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98743.

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No contexto das grandes culturas produtoras de grãos, a soja foi a que mais cresceu em termos percentuais nos últimos 37 anos, tanto no Brasil quanto em nível mundial. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar se há diferença entre variedades de soja transgênica e não transgênica quanto ao desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo através do acúmulo de matéria seca na parte aérea e dos teores de macronutrientes na matéria seca produzida, quando estas são submetidas à presença de herbicidas específicos para o controle de plantas daninhas. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria – MS. Os tratamentos foram compostos de duas variedades de soja transgênica (BRS Valiosa RR e BRS Favorita RR) e duas variedades convencionais (MGBR 46 – Conquista e MGBR 68 – Vencedora), com controle de plantas daninhas através de uso de herbicidas ou capinas. A semeadura da soja ocorreu no dia 20/11/2009, em um espaçamento de 0,45 m entrelinhas e 15 sementes por metro de sulco. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições, apresentando as parcelas, 7 linhas com 50 m de comprimento. Avaliaram-se as características agronômicas como: altura de inserção da primeira vagem; altura de plantas; número de ramos por planta; número de vagens por planta; população de plantas; produtividade de grãos; massa de 1000 grãos no estádio R8 da cultura. Também foi avaliado em amostragens quinzenais a partir do 21o dias após a germinação, a matéria seca de folhas, caules, vagens e grãos e o teor de macronutrientes nesta e o estado nutricional das plantas, através de amostragem foliar, no florescimento pleno. Os resultados obtidos perm itiram concluir que: aos 81 dias após emergência, quando as plantas encontram -se no...
In the context of major grain-producing crops, soybean was grown the most in percentage terms over the past 37 years, both in Brazil and worldw ide. This study aimed to observe the differences between varieties of GM and non GM soya on the vegetative and reproductive development through the dry matter accumulation in shoots and macronutrient content in dry matter yield when they are subjected to t he presence of herbicides for weed control. The experiment was conducted at Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP – Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria county. The treatments consisted of two transgenic soybeans varieties (BRS Favorita and BRS Valiosa) and two conventional varieties (MGBR 46 - Conquista and MGBR 68 - Vencedora), with control of weeds through the use of herbicides or weeding. The sowing of soybean was performed in 11/20/2009, at a spacing of 0.45 m between rows and 15 seeds per meter of furrow. The experimental design was a randomized block with 4 replicates, with plots at seven lines to fifty meter long. We evaluated the agronomic characteristics such as height of first pod, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, plant population, yield, 1000 grain weight of the R8 stage of culture. Was also assessed in biweekly samples from the 21 th day after germination, the dry matter of leaves, stems, pods and grains and content of macronutrients and nutritional status of this plant, by sampling leaves in full bloom. The results showed that: at 81 days after emergence, when plants are in the initial stage R5, it is gotten the highest total dry matter in transgenic and conventional varieties of soybeans, there is a greater concentration of N, P and K in the grains as they are approaching maturity, contrary to that observed for stems, leaves and pods, there is a significant... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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6

Tofoli, Gustavo Radomille. "Efeito do tamanho do alvo e condições operacionais sobre a uniformidade de deposição de pulverizações em pré-emergência /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97245.

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Orientador: Edivaldo Domingues Velini
Banca: Carlos Gilberto Raetano
Banca: Dagoberto Martins
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito do tamanho do alvo e condições operacionais sobre a uniformidade de deposição de pulverizações em pré-emergência. Duas barras pulverizadoras de mesmo modelo (12 m e espaçamento entre bicos de 0,5 m) sendo uma para cada tipo de bico.Dois tipos de bicos (jato cônico modelo JA- 1,5 e jato plano modelo API 110-02) testados com uma mesma velocidade de aplicação (4km/h). Para o preparo das caldas de pulverização foram utilizados: água, nitrato de potássio, nitrato de cálcio, sulfato de cobre e sulfato de zinco. Os alvos foram construídos de chapa de fórmica, que foram cortadas em placas quadradas com tamanho de 13 x 13 cm. Ao centro de 602 placas foram feitos orifícios de diversos tamanhos de diâmetro: 10,16 cm, 5,8 cm, 2,54 cm, 1,27 cm, 0,63 cm e 0,32 cm. Para cada tamanho de orifício foram feitas 117 repetições. Totalizando 702 placas. Os alvos foram posicionados no piso do terreno de maneira aleatória. Depois da pulverização, estes foram lavados com 25 ml de água deionizada, dando origem as amostras. Estas, depois de filtradas, foram analisadas em espectrofotômetro de plasma. As leituras de concentrações foram transformadas em volume ( l), e este divido pela área de cada círculo correspondente, resultando em dados de depósito em l/cm2. Os dados de depósitos foram transformados em % da média, e realizado os cálculos de freqüências acumuladas para cada tamanho de alvo. O modelo de Gompertz (y = e **(a-e**(-b-c*x))) foi utilizado para ajustar os dados e efetuar as análises de regressão, obtendo os valores de R2 (0,985 a 0,997) e um novo valor de freqüência acumulada para cada curva. Calculou-se os valores de média, mediana, moda, os percentis 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 e 99.e os coeficientes de variação para todos os diferentes tamanhos de alvo para os respectivos bicos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: It were studied two types of nozzles. The first one is a conic jet nozzle model JÁ 1,5. The second type is a flat fan nozzle model API 110-02. The application speed was 4km/h. It were used two similar sprayers set with boons 12 m wide and nozzles spaced by 0,5m. The spray solution for the fan jet nozzle was prepared with water, potassium nitrate and copper sulfate. For the conic jet nozzle theses salts were replaced by calcium nitrate and zinc sulfate. The targets were made of formica foils cut into square plates of 13 cm x 13 cm. One hundred of these plates were used to estimate the drift. In all the other 702 plates (117 replications for each type of target) it were made central circular holes of different diameters: 10,16 cm, 5,8 cm, 2,54 cm, 1,27 cm, 0,63 cm and 0,32 cm. The targets were randomly arranged on the ground. After spraying and drying the spray solution, each target was washed with 25 ml of de-ionized water. These water samples were filtered and analyzed in plasma spectrophotometer. The concentrations of the tracers in the final volume of 25 mL allowed to calculate the deposits of both spray solutions (in L/cmø) in each target. These data were converted in to percent of the means for each nozzle type and target size. Frequency distribution curves were fitted to the data. The Gompertz (y=e**(a-e**(-b-c*x))) model provided the highest determination coefficients, ranging from 0,985 and 0,997. In addition to the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD%) it were estimated the values of the mean, the median, the mode and the 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99 percents, using the frequency distribution curves. Among the central tendency measures, the mode, the median and the 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99 percents allowed more precise comparisons of spray deposits of different nozzles in targets of several sizes; the mean is very sensitive... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Mestre
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7

Oliveira, Jefferson Anthony Gabriel de. "Matéria seca, teores de macronutrientes e produtividade de soja transgênica e não transgênica com diferentes manejos de plantas daninhas /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98743.

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Abstract:
Orientador: Edson Lazarini
Banca: Salatiér Buzetti
Banca: Luiz Carlos Ferreira de Souza
Resumo: No contexto das grandes culturas produtoras de grãos, a soja foi a que mais cresceu em termos percentuais nos últimos 37 anos, tanto no Brasil quanto em nível mundial. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar se há diferença entre variedades de soja transgênica e não transgênica quanto ao desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo através do acúmulo de matéria seca na parte aérea e dos teores de macronutrientes na matéria seca produzida, quando estas são submetidas à presença de herbicidas específicos para o controle de plantas daninhas. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria - MS. Os tratamentos foram compostos de duas variedades de soja transgênica (BRS Valiosa RR e BRS Favorita RR) e duas variedades convencionais (MGBR 46 - Conquista e MGBR 68 - Vencedora), com controle de plantas daninhas através de uso de herbicidas ou capinas. A semeadura da soja ocorreu no dia 20/11/2009, em um espaçamento de 0,45 m entrelinhas e 15 sementes por metro de sulco. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições, apresentando as parcelas, 7 linhas com 50 m de comprimento. Avaliaram-se as características agronômicas como: altura de inserção da primeira vagem; altura de plantas; número de ramos por planta; número de vagens por planta; população de plantas; produtividade de grãos; massa de 1000 grãos no estádio R8 da cultura. Também foi avaliado em amostragens quinzenais a partir do 21o dias após a germinação, a matéria seca de folhas, caules, vagens e grãos e o teor de macronutrientes nesta e o estado nutricional das plantas, através de amostragem foliar, no florescimento pleno. Os resultados obtidos perm itiram concluir que: aos 81 dias após emergência, quando as plantas encontram -se no... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In the context of major grain-producing crops, soybean was grown the most in percentage terms over the past 37 years, both in Brazil and worldw ide. This study aimed to observe the differences between varieties of GM and non GM soya on the vegetative and reproductive development through the dry matter accumulation in shoots and macronutrient content in dry matter yield when they are subjected to t he presence of herbicides for weed control. The experiment was conducted at Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP - Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria county. The treatments consisted of two transgenic soybeans varieties (BRS Favorita and BRS Valiosa) and two conventional varieties (MGBR 46 - Conquista and MGBR 68 - Vencedora), with control of weeds through the use of herbicides or weeding. The sowing of soybean was performed in 11/20/2009, at a spacing of 0.45 m between rows and 15 seeds per meter of furrow. The experimental design was a randomized block with 4 replicates, with plots at seven lines to fifty meter long. We evaluated the agronomic characteristics such as height of first pod, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, plant population, yield, 1000 grain weight of the R8 stage of culture. Was also assessed in biweekly samples from the 21 th day after germination, the dry matter of leaves, stems, pods and grains and content of macronutrients and nutritional status of this plant, by sampling leaves in full bloom. The results showed that: at 81 days after emergence, when plants are in the initial stage R5, it is gotten the highest total dry matter in transgenic and conventional varieties of soybeans, there is a greater concentration of N, P and K in the grains as they are approaching maturity, contrary to that observed for stems, leaves and pods, there is a significant... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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8

Diesel, Francielli. "Persistência no solo, seletividade para espécies cultivadas e interação de saflufenacil com herbicidas causadores de estresse oxidativo." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/526.

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CAPES
Saflufenacil é um novo herbicida que está sendo introduzido comercialmente no Brasil. Muitos fatores são necessários para que um herbicida tenha sucesso comercial, dentre eles destaca-se a seletividade para culturas de interesse, eficácia sobre espécies daninhas e segurança no ambiente. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos a campo e quatro em casa-de-vegetação. No primeiro estudo foram testados sete períodos de semeadura de feijão após a aplicação do herbicida (0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35 e 50 DAA), na ausência e presença de herbicida saflufenacil (0 e 29,4 g i.a. ha-1). No segundo estudo, duas concentrações de saflufenacil (0; 14,7 e 29,4 g i.a. ha-1) foram testadas em dez cultivares de feijão. Para ambos os testes, foram avaliados o estande, estatura de plantas e componentes de rendimento. O primeiro bioensaio foi realizado em esquema triifatorial 8 x 5 x 4 , sendo o primeiro fator as concentrações de saflufenacil (0; 2,45; 4,9; 9,8; 14,7; 19,6; 24,5 e 29,4 g i.a. ha-1), o segundo as espécies bioindicadoras pepino, melancia, cabotiá, abobrinha e beterraba. Realizaram-se avaliações de estande e estatura de planta, massas das partes aéreas verde (MPAV) e seca (MPAS) e o terceiro fator períodos de avaliação (5, 10, 15 e 20 DAS). O segundo e terceiro bioensaios foram realizados simultaneamente, sendo os tratamentos constituídos pelas épocas de coleta do solo após a aplicação de saflufenacil (29,4 g i.a. ha-1) (0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50 e 100 dias após aplicação). Em um deles foi utilizado o pepino e no outro a beterraba como bioindicadores da presença de saflufenacil no solo. Foram determinadas as mesmas variáveis do primeiro bioensaio. Os tratamentos foram saflufenacil (0; 0,35; 0,7; 1,4; 2,1 e 2,8 g i.a. ha-1) aplicado de forma isolada ou associada ao paraquat (0, 1 e 3 g ha-1), metribuzin (0; 38,4 e 105,6 g i.a. ha-1) e clomazone (0, 288 e 504 g i.a. ha-1). Foram realizadas determinações de controle visual, MPAV e MPAS. A aplicação de saflufenacil em pré-emergência requer intervalo entre 10 e 25 dias após sua aplicação para ser realizada a semeadura da cultivar de feijão IPR-Tiziu. A cultivar Talismã apresentou maior tolerância a saflufenacil, enquanto a cultivar Jalo Precoce apresentou maior sensibilidade ao herbicida. As espécies que apresentaram maior sensibilidade ao saflufenacil foram o pepino e a beterraba. A persistência do saflufenacil em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, determinada por bioensaio com pepino e beterraba, situou-se entre 25 e 35 dias após a aplicação do herbicida. Para a variável controle de A. tenella, houve sinergismo para as associações das maiores doses de saflufenacil com paraquat e metribuzin, mas não com clomazone. Para a MPAS, todas as associações foram sinérgicas, indepententemente do herbicida ou da dose empregada.
Saflufenacil is a new herbicide which is being deployed commercially in Brazil. Many factors are necessary toward successful of commercially herbicide, among them stands out the selectivity for interests crops, the effectiveness under weed species and the environment safety. In the first one were experienced seven periods of sowing bean after saflufenacil application (0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35 e 50 AHA) in the absence and presence of saflufenacil herbicide (0 e 29,4 g a.i. ha-1). In the second one two saflufenacil concentrations (0; 14,7 e 29,4 g a.i. ha-1) were tested into ten bean cultivars. For both tests were determined the stand, plant high, yield and yield components. The first bioassay was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in a factorial design 8 x 5 x 4, where the first factor is saflufenacil concentrations (0, 2.45, 4.9, 9.8, 14.7, 19.6, 24, 5 and 29.4 g ai ha-1), the second the bioindicators cucumber, watermelon, cabotiá, summer squash and beets the third factor periods (5, 10, 15 and 20 DAS). Evaluations were performed booth and plant height, mass of fresh (MPAV) and dry (MPAS) shoots. The second and third bioassays were conducted simultaneously, and the treatments consisted of soil sampling times after saflufenacil spraying (29.4 g ai ha-1) (0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 35 , 50 and 100 days). In one bioassay we used cucumber and in the second we used beet as biomarkers for the presence of saflufenacil the soil. The same variables were determined from the first bioassay. Treatments were saflufenacil (0, 0.35, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8 g ai ha-1) applied alone or combined with paraquat (0, 1 and 3 g ai ha-1 ), metribuzin (0, 38.4 and 105.6 g ai ha-1) and clomazone (0, 288 and 504 g ai ha-1). The evaluated variables were visual control, and MPAV MPAS. The application of pre-emergence saflufenacil requires between 10 and 25 days after application to be performed seeding bean cultivar IPR-Tiziu. The BRS Talismã cultivar showed higher tolerance to saflufenacil, while the cultivar Jalo Precoce showed greater sensitivity to the herbicide. The species with the highest sensitivity to saflufenacil were cucumber and beet. The persistence of saflufenacil in Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico determined by bioassay with cucumber and beets, was between 25 and 35 days after herbicide application. For the A. tenella control, there was synergism for combinations saflufenacil with higher doses of paraquat and metribuzin, but not with clomazone. For MPAV and MPAS, all associations were synergistic, independently of herbicide or dose that was used.
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Kraemer, Alejandro Fausto. "Residual da mistura formulada dos herbicidas imazethapyr e imazapic em áreas de arroz sob diferentes manejos de solo." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4979.

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Red rice (Oryza spp.) is one of the main limiting factors of rice yield (O. sativa L.) in the world and particularly in the Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state Brazil. The Clearfield® technology is a viable and efficient tool for controlling such harmful plant by using imidazolinone herbicides in tolerant cultivars. However, herbicides may persist on the soil after the crop season in amount that could affect the future use of the area with other crops as well as with non tolerant rice cultivars. The persistence of this kind of herbicides is highly dependent on the soil s environmental conditions. It increases in low pH soils with high organic matter (MO) content, and under anaerobic conditions. The main way of herbicide dissipation is the biodegradations; they can be photolysis or be lixiviated bellow the roots absorption region. Two field experiments were carried out on lowland soil in Santa Maria-RS during 2006/2007. The first experiment (Chapter II) had the objective of determining the effect of nine soil tillages (four on no till or minimum till seeping and five, on conventional tillage) on the phytotoxicity of non tolerant rice. The residual effect of the herbicide Only® affected plants stand, tillering, panicle number and plant heights of cultivar IRGA 417, but did not affect the grain yield. Soil plowing decreased herbicide activity on the soil surface (0-3 cm) without affecting the variables assayed. The second experiment (Chapter III) had the objective of determining the effect of two soil tillages (no till- PD- and conventional tillage-PC) on imazethapyr degradation and leaching. Higher degradation of imazethapyr was registered on PC than on PD. Imazethapyr leaching until 20 cm regardless the tillage system. In PC, a uniform distribution of imazethapyr was observed in the first 15 cm of soil while in PD there was a lower concentration of imazethapyr at 0-5 cm, which accumulated at 5-15 cm deep.
O arroz-vermelho (Oryza spp.) é um dos principais fatores limitantes da produtividade de grãos do arroz irrigado (O. sativa L.) no mundo e em particular do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) Brasil. A tecnologia Clearfield® é uma ferramenta viável e eficiente para o controle desta planta daninha, mediante o uso de herbicidas da família das imidazolinonas junto com cultivares tolerantes a estes herbicidas. No entanto, os herbicidas podem permanecer no solo após o cultivo, em quantidade que pode comprometer a utilização futura da área com outras culturas, ou mesmo com cultivares de arroz não tolerante (NT). A permanência destes herbicidas no solo é muito dependente das condições ambientais e de solo, aumentando sua persistência em solos com pH baixos, com altos conteúdos de matéria orgânica (MO), argila e em condições de anaerobioses. A principal via de dissipação destes herbicidas é a microbiana, podendo também, sofrer fotólises ou serem lixiviados para fora da área de absorção das raízes. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos sob solo de várzea, em Santa Maria-RS no ano agrícola 2006/07. O primeiro experimento (Capítulo II) teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de nove manejos de solo (quatro sob plantio direto ou semidireto e cinco sob plantio convencional), na fitotoxicidade do arroz não tolerante. O efeito residual do herbicida Only® afetou o estande de plantas, perfilhamento, número de panículas e a estatura da cultivar não tolerante IRGA 417, porém não afetou a produtividade de grãos. O revolvimento do solo diminuiu a atividade do herbicida na camada superficial de solo (0-3 cm), embora não tenha afetado as variáveis analisadas. O segundo experimento (Capítulo III) teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de dois manejos de solo, plantio direto (PD) e plantio convencional (PC), na degradação e lixiviação do imazethapyr. Ocorreu maior degradação de imazethapyr no PC do que no PD. Imazethapyr lixiviou até 20 cm, independente do sistema de cultivo. No PC existe uma distribuição uniforme do imazethapyr nos primeiros 15 cm de solo e no PD existe menor concentração de imazethapyr de 0-5 cm, e acúmulo do herbicida de 5-15 cm de profundidade.
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Maleki, Saber Haghighati. "Degradation of atrazine by soil consortia : characterization of enzymatically active fractions from cell bound and cell free enrichment cultures." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048376.

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Soil samples were collected from several corn fields with history of atrazine (herbicide) application. Samples were inoculated into Erlenmeyer flasks each containing 50m1 of minimal basal salts medium amended with 100 ppm atrazine as sole nitrogen source. Flasks were shaken at 200 rpm at ambient temperature and were examined daily for one week for microbial growth and/or disappearance of atrazine. Promising consortia were subcultured for further additional enrichments before characterization of potentially active protein (enzyme)fractions. Proteins from cell-free and cellbound fractions were compared for ability to denature atrazine. Following gel permeation chromatography, isolated protein fractions were examined for atrazinefound in the cell-bound fractions capable degrading degradation. Two were found in the cell-free fractions (approx. Mol. wts. 55kDa and 180kDa) and one (55 kDa) atrazine to hydroxyatrazine. Atrazine and its breakdown products (hydroxyatrazine in particular) were detected via HPLC using C18 and C8 columns with absorbance at 229 nm.
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Books on the topic "Herbicider"

1

Ritter, Ronald Lloyd. Understanding herbicide resistance in weeds. Des Plaines, Ill: Sandoz Crop Protection Corp., 1989.

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Hall, John Christopher. Detection and quantification of herbicide residues in the environment using immunochemical techniques. [Toronto, Ont.]: Environment Ontario, 1990.

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K, Nandula Vijay, ed. Glyphosate resistance in crops and weeds: History, development, and management. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2010.

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Hall, John Christopher. Detection and quantification of herbicide residues in the environment using immunochemical techniques. [Toronto, Ont.]: Environment Ontario, 1990.

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Hanson, Bradley D. Plantback restrictions for herbicides used in the dryland wheat production areas of the Pacific Northwest. [Moscow, Idaho]: University of Idaho Cooperative Extension System, 2004.

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Hanson, Bradley D. Plantback restrictions for herbicides used in the dryland wheat production areas of the Pacific Northwest. [Moscow, Idaho]: University of Idaho Cooperative Extension System, 2004.

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Böger, Peter, and Ko Wakabayashi, eds. Peroxidizing Herbicides. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0.

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P, Sharma M. Recognizing Herbicide Action & Injury. 2nd ed. Vegreville, Alt: Alberta Environmental Centre, 1986.

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Beaudry, Pierre Guy. Downslope movement of the herbicide hexazinone in the SBS zone. Victoria, B.C: Forestry Canada, 1991.

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Williamson, D. R. Forest nursery herbicides. Edinburgh: Forestry Commission, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Herbicider"

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Johnson, Giffe T. "Herbicides." In Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology, 877–900. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118834015.ch87.

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Okuda, Shigenobu. "Herbicides." In The Search for Bioactive Compounds from Microorganisms, 224–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4412-7_12.

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STEPHENSON, G. R., and G. EZRA. "Use of Subtoxic Herbicide Pretreatments to Improve Crop Tolerance to Herbicides." In ACS Symposium Series, 69–84. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1985-0276.ch005.

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Vats, Sharad. "Herbicides: History, Classification and Genetic Manipulation of Plants for Herbicide Resistance." In Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 153–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09132-7_3.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Herbicide." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 364. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5908.

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Capinera, John L., Thomas O. Crist, John B. Heppner, Minos E. Tzanakakis, Severiano F. Gayubo, Aurélien Tartar, Pauline O. Lawrence, et al. "Herbicide." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1792. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1313.

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Matsunaka, Shooichi. "History and Early Investigation of Mode of Action of Peroxidizing Herbicides." In Peroxidizing Herbicides, 1–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_1.

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Watanabe, Hiroyuki, and Tsutomu Shimizu. "Assay Systems for Peroxidizing Herbicides." In Peroxidizing Herbicides, 279–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_10.

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Nagano, Eiki. "Herbicidal Efficacy of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors." In Peroxidizing Herbicides, 293–302. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_11.

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Knörzer, Oliver C., and Peter Böger. "Antagonizing Peroxidizing Herbicides." In Peroxidizing Herbicides, 303–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58633-0_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Herbicider"

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Bakaeva, M. D., S. P. Chetverikov, D. V. Chetverikova, and A. A. Kendzhieva. "Promising microorganisms for coping herbicide stress in plants." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.032.

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Herbicide-resistant strains of Pseudomonas and Achromobacter have been isolated. Theу are diazotrophic, can mobilize phosphorus from insoluble compounds and synthesize phytohormones in the presence of herbicides.
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Kalabashkina, E. V., V. A. Tsymbalova, S. V. Uldina, L. P. Abramkina, A. V. Mednov, N. A. Yashina, and L. I. Mavlutova. "Anti-slag herbicides on Agata spring wheat." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-172.

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results of research on the effect of anti-slag herbicides: Axial, CE, Verdict, VDG, Lastik exstra, EС, Pallas 45, MD on spring wheat Agata in the Moscow region are presented. The research was performed in 2019 on the fields of the Nemchinovka research center. Infestation was represented by two types of monocotyledonous weeds from the Bluegrass family (Grasses): annual bluegrass (Póa Annua) and barn grass (Echinóchloa crus-gálli). The use of anti-slag herbicides reduces the number of weeds in the experiment and their air-dry mass. Herbicide treatment increased the wheat grain yield by 1.19-1.67 t / ha and increased protein by 0.5-3.3%.
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Timergalin, M. D., A. V. Feoktistova, T. V. Rameev, S. P. Chetverikov, and Z. R. Sultangazin. "Wheat yields of herbicide treatment along with auxin-producing bacteria Pseudomonas sp. DА1.2." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.246.

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The effect of the identified auxin-producing strain of bacteria on wheat plants when treated with the herbicides Chistalan and Nanometh in the field was studied. The ability of bacterial treatment to increase wheat yield under herbicidal stress due to the positive effect of bacteria on plant growth and development at early stages of development is shown.
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Mayeed, Mohammed S., and Gabriel Darveau. "Designing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Specific Aerial Applications of Insecticides and Herbicides." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65936.

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In this study a gasoline powered hexa-copter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been designed as a solution to farmers’ need for a low cost, easy to maintain, long flight duration, and multi-purpose means of specific aerial applications for insecticides and herbicides. Application of herbicides and pesticides by airplane is an example of how farmers have used technology to improve their bottom line and overall quality of life. Fields can now be sprayed in under an hour instead of consuming an entire day. However, if a producer has noxious weeds in only a small area, fixed-wing aerial application cannot be used as it is only accurate enough to do an entire field. Currently there is no solution for small scale, accurate, aerial herbicide application to meet this need. The currently available Yamaha Rmax UAV costs a tremendous amount of money and also requires a lot of money to maintain. Though it may be useful in large scale aerial spraying on the farm land, it would not be used in targeted specific areas as it is not efficient in specific applications. The gasoline powered hexacopter UAV designed in this study is a low cost solution to farmers’ need for specific aerial applications of insecticides and herbicides. The UAV design can carry 2–3 gallons of herbicide (16.7–25.0 lbs.) for a flight time of more than 30 minutes without refueling. The design could be transported in a 60.3in × 56.7in pickup bed. Structural and fatigue analyses are performed on the complete structure using state of the art software SolidWorks Simulation. The minimum factor of safety is obtained to be 10 based on maximum von Mises stress failure criteria. Under normal conditions with an estimated commercial use of 100 cycles per day it is observed that the design would survive for about 13 years without any fatigue failure. A drop test analysis is performed to ensure the design can survive a 5 feet freefall and a frequency analysis is also performed to observe the critical natural frequency of the structure. Flow simulations are performed on the 6 propellers/blades model using state of the art software SolidWorks Flow Simulation to observe the effect of vorticity interactions on the lift force. The design has been reasonably optimized based on maximizing the lift force. With this new UAV design small scale and substantial farmers could afford a personal UAV for aerial applications with a small amount of capital whose absence hindered efficient and effective specific aerial application for many years.
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Cardoso, César Henrique Marçal, Edson A. Santos, and Rafael D. Araújo. "MistuRe: Uma Plataforma para Unificação de Dados Científicos sobre Compatibilidade de Produtos em Misturas de Tanque com Calda Herbicida." In Anais Estendidos do Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2021.15374.

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Produtores rurais, engenheiros agrônomos, profissionais especializados e vários outros atuantes da área agronômica carecem de uma fonte agregada, confiável e gratuita a respeito da compatibilidade de produtos fitossanitários. Em vista desse problema, este trabalho apresenta a criação de uma plataforma que unifica resultados e informações científicas a respeito da compatibilidade de produtos em misturas de tanque com calda herbicida em um software. A plataforma foi desenvolvida utilizando tecnologias atuais e a sua primeira versão já conta em sua base de dados com 224 combinações entre os 990 produtos comerciais disponíveis no Brasil, todos estes, herbicidas.
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Giesler, Loren J. "Can herbicides affect disease development? An overview of differentiating herbicide injury from crop disease and what is known about herbicide effects on disease development." In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-180.

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Owen, Micheal D. K. "Herbicide Resistance." In Proceedings of the First Annual Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-359.

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Hartzler, Bob. "Herbicide Resistance Update." In Proceedings of the 1995 Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-598.

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Kulikov, M. A., A. N. Kulikova, and A. V. Goncharov. "Resistance of sunflower hybrids to herbicides, diseases, pests and weeds." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-158.

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Krylova T.S., T. S., L. A. Dorozhkina L.A., and A. N. Dubrovin A.N. "Kamelot in soybean crops of the Amur Region." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-31.

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The data for 2018-2019 on tests of the Kamelot herbicide for the protection of soybeans in the Amur Region are presented. The herbicide was applied before soybean germination at a rate of 4 l / ha. The biological efficiency of Camelot was 87-93%, which corresponded to the value of the standard (Frontier Optima). High efficiency of the herbicide was found out against common commeline, white mari, backyard buckwheat and chicken millet. The yield increase was equal to 6.1 c/ha.
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Reports on the topic "Herbicider"

1

Mudge, Christopher, and Kurt Getsinger. Comparison of generic and proprietary aquatic herbicides for control of invasive vegetation; part 3 : submersed plants. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42061.

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Herbicide selection is key to efficiently managing nuisance vegetation in our nation’s waterways. After selecting the active ingredient, there still remains multiple proprietary and generic products to choose from. Recent small-scale research has been conducted to compare the efficacy of these herbicides against floating and emergent species. Therefore, a series of mesocosm and growth chamber trials were conducted to evaluate subsurface applications of the following herbicides against submersed plants: diquat versus coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.), hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L.f. Royle), southern naiad (Najas guadalupensis (Sprengel) Magnus), and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.); flumioxazin versus coontail, hydrilla, and Eurasian watermilfoil; and triclopyr against Eurasian watermilfoil. All active ingredients were applied at concentrations commonly used to manage these species in public waters. Visually, all herbicides within a particular active ingredient performed similarly with regard to the onset and severity of injury symptoms throughout the trials. All trials, except diquat versus Eurasian watermilfoil, resulted in no differences in efficacy among the 14 proprietary and generic herbicides tested, and all herbicides provided 43%–100% control, regardless of active ingredient and trial. Under mesocosm and growth chamber conditions, the majority of the generic and proprietary herbicides evaluated against submersed plants provided similar control.
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Westerdahl, Howard E., and Kurt D. Getsinger. Aquatic Plant Control Research Program: Aquatic Plant Identification and Herbicide Use Guide. Volume 2. Aquatic Plants and Susceptibility to Herbicides. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada203243.

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Blume, Christopher, and Nick E. Christians. Herbicide Efficacy Trial. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2210.

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Lawson, Vince. Potato Herbicide Evaluations. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-53.

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Lawson, Vincent, and Henry G. Taber. Sweet Corn Herbicide Study. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-615.

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Kassel, Paul, and Terry Tuttle. Dicamba Herbicide Demonstration for Soybean. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1958.

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Lawson, Vince. Evaluation of New Sweet Corn Herbicides. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1620.

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Lawson, Vincent, and Henry G. Taber. Sweet Corn Herbicide Impact Residual Study. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2671.

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Rhodes, A. N. Herbicide Orange Monitoring Program. Addendum 1. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada156213.

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Hartzler, Robert G., and Bruce Battles. Evaluation of Herbicides in Corn and Soybean. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2315.

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