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Journal articles on the topic 'Herbivore pressure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Bont, Zoe, Marc Pfander, Christelle A. M. Robert, et al. "Adapted dandelions trade dispersal for germination upon root herbivore attack." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1921 (2020): 20192930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2930.

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A plant's offspring may escape unfavourable local conditions through seed dispersal. Whether plants use this strategy to escape insect herbivores is not well understood. Here, we explore how different dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale agg.) populations, including diploid outcrossers and triploid apomicts, modify seed dispersal in response to root herbivore attack by their main root-feeding natural enemy, the larvae of the common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha. In a manipulative field experiment, root herbivore attack increased seed dispersal potential through a reduction in seed weight in pop
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2

Potter, Arjun B., Muhammad Ali Imron, Satyawan Pudyatmoko, and Matthew C. Hutchinson. "Short-term plant-community responses to large mammalian herbivore exclusion in a rewilded Javan savanna." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0255056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255056.

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Grassy biomes such as savannas are maintained by an interacting suite of ecosystem processes from herbivory to rainfall to fire. Many studies have examined the impacts of large mammalian herbivores on herbaceous plant communities, but few of these studies have been conducted in humid, fertile savannas. We present the findings of a short-term experiment that investigated the effects of herbivory in a fertile, humid, and semi-managed savanna. We erected large-herbivore exclosures in Alas Purwo National Park, Java, Indonesia where rainfall is high and fire is suppressed to test how herbivores imp
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3

SCHMIDT, GEROLD, and GERHARD ZOTZ. "Herbivory in the epiphyte, Vriesea sanguinolenta Cogn. & Marchal (Bromeliaceae)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 16, no. 6 (2000): 829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400001747.

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Although herbivory in ground-rooted flora is well documented, current knowledge of the herbivore pressure on vascular epiphytes remains mostly anecdotal. Here, we present the results of a 3-year study on the herbivory in a population of the epiphytic bromeliad Vriesea sanguinolenta. In different years, 26–61% of all epiphytes showed traces of herbivore attack, while up to 4.4% of the entire leaf area of the epiphyte population was consumed annually. The recorded levels of damage to photosynthetic tissue, mostly caused by the larvae of Napaea eucharilla (Riodinidae, Lepidoptera), indicate that
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4

Moreira, Xoaquín, Luis Abdala-Roberts, Hans Henrik Bruun, et al. "Latitudinal variation in seed predation correlates with latitudinal variation in seed defensive and nutritional traits in a widespread oak species." Annals of Botany 125, no. 6 (2019): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz207.

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Abstract Background and Aims Classic theory on geographical gradients in plant–herbivore interactions assumes that herbivore pressure and plant defences increase towards warmer and more stable climates found at lower latitudes. However, the generality of these expectations has been recently called into question by conflicting empirical evidence. One possible explanation for this ambiguity is that most studies have reported on patterns of either herbivory or plant defences whereas few have measured both, thus preventing a full understanding of the implications of observed patterns for plant–her
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Frederickson, Megan E., and Deborah M. Gordon. "The devil to pay: a cost of mutualism with Myrmelachista schumanni ants in ‘devil's gardens’ is increased herbivory on Duroia hirsuta trees." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1613 (2007): 1117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0415.

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‘Devil's gardens’ are nearly pure stands of the myrmecophyte, Duroia hirsuta , that occur in Amazonian rainforests. Devil's gardens are created by Myrmelachista schumanni ants, which nest in D. hirsuta trees and kill other plants using formic acid as an herbicide. Here, we show that this ant–plant mutualism has an associated cost; by making devil's gardens, M. schumanni increases herbivory on D. hirsuta. We measured standing leaf herbivory on D. hirsuta trees and found that they sustain higher herbivory inside than outside devil's gardens. We also measured the rate of herbivory on nursery-grow
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6

Guignard, Maïté S., Michael J. Crawley, Dasha Kovalenko, et al. "Interactions between plant genome size, nutrients and herbivory by rabbits, molluscs and insects on a temperate grassland." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1899 (2019): 20182619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2619.

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Angiosperm genome sizes (GS) vary ca 2400-fold. Recent research has shown that GS influences plant abundance, and plant competition. There are also tantalizing reports that herbivores may select plants as food dependent on their GS. To test the hypothesis that GS plays a role in shaping plant communities under herbivore pressure, we exploit a grassland experiment that has experimentally excluded herbivores and applied nutrient over 8 years. Using phylogenetically informed statistical models and path analyses, we show that under rabbit grazing, plant species with small GS generated the most bio
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7

Miranda, María, Ignacio Cristóbal, Leticia Díaz, et al. "Ecological effects of game management: does supplemental feeding affect herbivory pressure on native vegetation?" Wildlife Research 42, no. 4 (2015): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15025.

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Context Supplemental feeding of large mammalian herbivores is a common management tool mainly aimed at promoting healthy populations and at increasing productivity and trophy sizes. Such management measure may indirectly affect herbivore effects on plant communities through altered foraging patterns. The quantification of the ecological effects of large herbivore management is important for designing holistic management and conservation programs. Aims Here we aimed at quantifying the ecological effects of supplemental feeding of Iberian red deer, Cervus elaphus hispanicus, on the composition o
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8

Barbosa, BC, R. Fagundes, LF Silva, et al. "Evidences that human disturbance simplify the ant fauna associated a Stachytarpheta glabra Cham. (Verbenaceae) compromising the benefits of ant-plant mutualism." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 1 (2015): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.07213.

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Interaction among species, like ants and plants through extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), are important components of ecological communities’ evolution. However, the effect of human disturbance on such specific interactions and its ecological consequences is poorly understood. This study evaluated the outcomes of mutualism between ants and the EFN-bearing plant Stachytarpheta glabra under anthropogenic disturbance. We compared the arthropod fauna composition between two groups of twenty plant individuals, one in an area disturbed by human activities and one in a preserved area. We also check the p
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9

Milchunas, D. G. "Plant community dynamics in shortgrass steppe with grazing relaxation and imposition by large and small herbivores." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 57, no. 1-2 (2011): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee.57.1-2.23.

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Semiarid rangelands often respond slowly to rest/relaxation of grazing pressure by large herbivores, and the effects of grazing are most often inferred from this direction of study because the imposition of grazing onto previous ungrazed/lightly grazed areas occurred prior to the age of scientific studies. These rangelands host a diversity of small and large herbivores, but grazing studies most often concern effects of the large generalists. Here, the effects of herbivore body size on plant species richness and dominant species, and imposition and relaxation of grazing by large herbivores were
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10

Buckley, James, Foteini G. Pashalidou, Martin C. Fischer, Alex Widmer, Mark C. Mescher, and Consuelo M. De Moraes. "Divergence in Glucosinolate Profiles between High- and Low-Elevation Populations of Arabidopsis halleri Correspond to Variation in Field Herbivory and Herbivore Behavioral Preferences." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 1 (2019): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010174.

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Variation in local herbivore pressure along elevation gradients is predicted to drive variation in plant defense traits. Yet, the extent of intraspecific variation in defense investment along elevation gradients, and its effects on both herbivore preference and performance, remain relatively unexplored. Using populations of Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae) occurring at different elevations in the Alps, we tested for associations between elevation, herbivore damage in the field, and constitutive chemical defense traits (glucosinolates) assayed under common-garden conditions. Additionally, we
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11

Salazar, D., and R. J. Marquis. "Herbivore pressure increases toward the equator." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 31 (2012): 12616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202907109.

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12

Burkepile, Deron E., and John D. Parker. "Recent advances in plant-herbivore interactions." F1000Research 6 (February 8, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10313.1.

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Plant-herbivore interactions shape community dynamics across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. From amphipods to elephants and from algae to trees, plant-herbivore relationships are the crucial link generating animal biomass (and human societies) from mere sunlight. These interactions are, thus, pivotal to understanding the ecology and evolution of virtually any ecosystem. Here, we briefly highlight recent advances in four areas of plant-herbivore interactions: (1) plant defense theory, (2) herbivore diversity and ecosystem function, (3) predation risk aversion and herbivory, and (
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13

Forrister, Dale L., María-José Endara, Gordon C. Younkin, Phyllis D. Coley, and Thomas A. Kursar. "Herbivores as drivers of negative density dependence in tropical forest saplings." Science 363, no. 6432 (2019): 1213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau9460.

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Ecological theory predicts that the high local diversity observed in tropical forests is maintained by negative density–dependent interactions within and between closely related plant species. By using long-term data on tree growth and survival for coexisting Inga (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) congeners, we tested two mechanisms thought to underlie negative density dependence (NDD): competition for resources and attack by herbivores. We quantified the similarity of neighbors in terms of key ecological traits that mediate these interactions, as well as the similarity of herbivore communities. We show
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14

Baubin, Capucine, Dorothée Ehrich, Virve Ravolainen, et al. "First results from an experiment excluding three sizes classes of herbivores from tundra vegetation in southern Yamal, Russia." Czech Polar Reports 6, no. 2 (2016): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2016-2-12.

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Plant-herbivore relationships are important for the functioning of tundra ecosystems. Here, we report the first results from an exclosure experiment that, something very few studies have done, separated the impact of three sizes of herbivores (small, medium and large) on nine functional groups of plants in the low arctic tundra of the Yamal Peninsula (Russia). Herbivore faeces counts in the exclosures and pictures from automatic cameras proved that the experimental setup worked. The majority of plant groups did not respond to exclusion of herbivores, supporting our expectation that vegetation
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15

Kurr, Martyn, and Andrew J. Davies. "Time-since-invasion increases native mesoherbivore feeding rates on the invasive alga, Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 8 (2017): 1935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417001539.

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Invasive algae can have substantial negative impacts in their invaded ranges. One widely cited mechanism that attempts to explain how invasive plants and algae are often able to spread quickly, and even become dominant in their invaded ranges, is the Enemy Release Hypothesis. This study assessed the feeding behaviours of two species of gastropod herbivore from populations exposed to the invasive alga Sargassum muticum for different lengths of time. Feeding trials, consisting of both choice and no-choice, showed that the herbivores from older stands (35–40 years established) of S. muticum were
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16

Härri, S. A., J. Krauss, and C. B. Müller. "Can aphids learn to cope with the pressure of endophytic fungi in their food plants?" NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3155.

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Plant-endophyte associations can have major impacts on the dynamics of consumer interaction-webs but long-term effects of mycotoxins and the ability of herbivores to adapt to these toxins have not been studied. To understand the potential of aphids to cope with mycotoxins, we compared the life-history parameters for aphids conditioned for several generations on endophyte-infected plants with those of endophyte-naïve aphids on both endophyteinfected and endophyte-free grasses. Aphids conditioned on endophyte-infected plants produced more offspring during the first days of adulthood than endoph
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17

Fatouros, Nina E., Ana Pineda, Martinus E. Huigens, et al. "Synergistic effects of direct and indirect defences on herbivore egg survival in a wild crucifer." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1789 (2014): 20141254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1254.

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Evolutionary theory of plant defences against herbivores predicts a trade-off between direct (anti-herbivore traits) and indirect defences (attraction of carnivores) when carnivore fitness is reduced. Such a trade-off is expected in plant species that kill herbivore eggs by exhibiting a hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis, which should then negatively affect carnivores. We used the black mustard ( Brassica nigra ) to investigate how this potentially lethal direct trait affects preferences and/or performances of specialist cabbage white butterflies ( Pieris spp.), and their natural enemi
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18

Brocklehurst, Neil, Christian F. Kammerer, and Roger J. Benson. "The origin of tetrapod herbivory: effects on local plant diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1928 (2020): 20200124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0124.

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The origin of herbivory in the Carboniferous was a landmark event in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems, increasing ecological diversity in animals but also giving them greater influence on the evolution of land plants. We evaluate the effect of early vertebrate herbivory on plant evolution by comparing local species richness of plant palaeofloras with that of vertebrate herbivores and herbivore body size. Vertebrate herbivores became diverse and achieved a much greater range of body sizes across the Carboniferous–Permian transition interval. This coincides with an abrupt reduction in loc
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19

Bixenmann, Ryan J., Phyllis D. Coley, Alexander Weinhold, and Thomas A. Kursar. "High herbivore pressure favors constitutive over induced defense." Ecology and Evolution 6, no. 17 (2016): 6037–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2208.

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20

Georgiadis, Nicholas J. "Microhabitat variation in an African savanna: effects of woody cover and herbivores in Kenya." Journal of Tropical Ecology 5, no. 1 (1989): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400003254.

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AbstractEffects of extreme livestock pressure on the abundance and distribution of a drought-deciduous shrub Sericocomopsis pallida, and effects of the shrub canopy on microclimate, soil fertility and grass production, were studied in savanna grasslands of southern Kenya. Canopy volume declined with increasing herbivore pressure, but shrub density was not systematically affected, suggesting strong resilience against destruction by herbivores. However, shrubs became more aggregated with increasing herbivory, suggesting that clumps of individuals are more resilient to destruction than are isolat
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Bode, Robert F., and André Kessler. "Herbivore pressure on goldenrod (Solidago altissimaL., Asteraceae): its effects on herbivore resistance and vegetative reproduction." Journal of Ecology 100, no. 3 (2012): 795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01958.x.

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van Asperen, Eline N., Jason R. Kirby, and Helen E. Shaw. "Relating dung fungal spore influx rates to animal density in a temperate environment: Implications for palaeoecological studies." Holocene 30, no. 2 (2019): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619875804.

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The management of the remainder of Europe’s once extensive forests is hampered by a poor understanding of the character of the vegetation and drivers of change before the onset of clearance for farming. Pollen data indicate a closed-canopy, mixed-deciduous forest, contrasting with the assertion that large herbivores would have maintained a mosaic of open grassland, regenerating scrub and forested groves. Coprophilous fungal spores from sedimentary sequences are increasingly used as a proxy for past herbivore impact on vegetation, but the method faces methodological and taphonomical issues. Usi
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Duran, Alain, Ligia Collado-Vides, and Deron E. Burkepile. "Seasonal regulation of herbivory and nutrient effects on macroalgal recruitment and succession in a Florida coral reef." PeerJ 4 (November 2, 2016): e2643. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2643.

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Herbivory and nutrient enrichment are drivers of benthic dynamics of coral reef macroalgae; however, their impact may vary seasonally. In this study we evaluated the effects of herbivore pressure, nutrient availability and potential propagule supply on seasonal recruitment and succession of macroalgal communities on a Florida coral reef. Recruitment tiles, replaced every three months, and succession tiles, kept in the field for nine months, were established in an ongoing factorial nutrient enrichment-herbivore exclusion experiment. The ongoing experiment had already created very different alga
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Ramseyer, TN, A. Tronholm, T. Turner, ME Brandt, and TB Smith. "Elevated nutrients and herbivory negatively affect Dictyota growth dynamics." Marine Ecology Progress Series 671 (August 5, 2021): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13788.

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Caribbean coral reefs are experiencing a shift to algal dominance at the expense of stony corals. Determining the factors leading to algal phase shifts is crucial for assuring the survival of Caribbean coral reefs. In this study, factors controlling the growth of the abundant brown macroalgae Dictyota spp. were investigated by varying herbivory pressure (caging) and nutrients (fertilizer addition) on coral reefs near St. Thomas (US Virgin Islands). Experiment 1 measured Dictyota heights and percent cover at 3 sites (11-20 m depth) and showed no growth response to nutrient addition and a weak n
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Zekveld, Corinthe, and John Markham. "Exposure to aphids increases alder growth and nitrogen fixation." Botany 89, no. 4 (2011): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-012.

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Plants can respond to herbivore damage by mounting a resistance response or by compensating for lost fitness. Both plant nutrition and interactions with soil microbes can affect these responses. It has been shown that resistance responses can occur before plants have been attacked by herbivores. Here we show that a tolerance type of response can occur when plants are exposed to, but not fed on by, herbivores. Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. spp. crispa (Ait.) Turrill were grown in sealed containers under positive air pressure with either 0.5 mmol·L–1 or 2.0 mmol·L–1 nitrate and either inoculated or
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26

Tallowin, J. R. B., A. J. Rook, and S. M. Rutter. "Impact of grazing management on botanical diversity of grasslands." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200011558.

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Grazing is a natural process affecting the composition and structure of plant communities and is widely considered to be an essential nature conservation tool. However, our understanding of the interrelations between grazing by large herbivores and biodiversity is relatively poor. Nature conservation imperatives, to control succession, for example, mean that practice has moved ahead of the science knowledge base on grazing. This gap now needs to be bridged. Improving our understanding of and ability to predict consequences of manipulating grazing pressure, duration, type and/or mix of large he
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Werner, Jeffery R., Charles J. Krebs, Scott A. Donker, Rudy Boonstra, and Michael J. Sheriff. "Arctic ground squirrel population collapse in the boreal forests of the Southern Yukon." Wildlife Research 42, no. 2 (2015): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14240.

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Context The arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii) comprised 17% of the biomass of herbivores in the Yukon boreal forest during the summer months from 1987 to 1996 and was responsible for 23% of the energy flow at the herbivore level. By 2000, ground squirrel populations in this region collapsed to nearly zero and have remained there. Aims We summarise the population monitoring (since 1975) and recent experimental work that has been done on this key herbivore in the Kluane area of the southern Yukon to test one mechanistic hypothesis as the possible explanation for this population collap
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Head, Jason J., Gregg F. Gunnell, Patricia A. Holroyd, J. Howard Hutchison, and Russell L. Ciochon. "Giant lizards occupied herbivorous mammalian ecospace during the Paleogene greenhouse in Southeast Asia." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1763 (2013): 20130665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0665.

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Mammals dominate modern terrestrial herbivore ecosystems, whereas extant herbivorous reptiles are limited in diversity and body size. The evolution of reptile herbivory and its relationship to mammalian diversification is poorly understood with respect to climate and the roles of predation pressure and competition for food resources. Here, we describe a giant fossil acrodontan lizard recovered with a diverse mammal assemblage from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of Myanmar, which provides a historical test of factors controlling body size in herbivorous squamates. We infer a predomin
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Rudgers, Jennifer, and Keith Clay. "Community and ecosystem consequences of endophyte symbiosis with tall fescue." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3082.

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We have investigated community and ecosystem consequences of endophyte symbiosis with tall fescue over the past 13 years. Lolium arundinaceum is the most abundant plant in the eastern USA, and most is infected by the wild-type endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum in Kentucky 31. We established two large experimental grasslands (in 1994 and in 2000) with E+ and E- seed sown in each on recently ploughed herbaceous vegetation. Other plant species established naturally by seed or vegetative fragments. No other treatments were applied and plots were subject to natural biotic and abiotic variation. A
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Heil, Martin, Daniel Feil, Andrea Hilpert, and K. Eduard Linsenmair. "Spatiotemporal patterns in indirect defence of a South-East Asian ant-plant support the optimal defence hypothesis." Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no. 5 (2004): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001567.

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The optimal defence hypothesis predicts that plant parts characterized by a high value and/or a high risk of being attacked should exhibit the highest level of defence. We tested this hypothesis with Macaranga bancana ant-plants, which are protected efficiently by resident, mutualistic ants from herbivores, parasites and encroaching vegetation. Because cost-effective defence of the host by ants increases ant fitness, selection should act on ant behaviour to produce patterns of distribution of defence as predicted for direct chemical defence traits. Termites and pieces of tape were equally dist
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Pennings, Steven C., Chuan-Kai Ho, Cristiano S. Salgado, et al. "Latitudinal variation in herbivore pressure in Atlantic Coast salt marshes." Ecology 90, no. 1 (2009): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0222.1.

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Chanam, Joyshree, Srinivasan Kasinathan, Gautam K. Pramanik, Amaraja Jagdeesh, Kanchan A. Joshi, and Renee M. Borges. "Context dependency of rewards and services in an Indian ant–plant interaction: southern sites favour the mutualism between plants and ants." Journal of Tropical Ecology 30, no. 3 (2014): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646741400011x.

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Abstract:Protection-based ant–plant mutualisms may vary in strength due to differences in ant rewards, abundance of protective ants and herbivory pressure. We investigated geographical and temporal variation in host plant traits and herbivory pressure at five sites spanning the distribution range of the myrmecophyteHumboldtia brunonis(Fabaceae) in the Indian Western Ghats. Southern sites had, on average, 2.4 times greater abundance of domatia-bearing individuals, 1.6 times greater extrafloral nectary numbers per leaf, 1.2 times larger extrafloral nectary sizes, 2.2 times greater extrafloral ne
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Li, Tao, Kristen Grauer-Gray, Jarmo K. Holopainen, and James D. Blande. "Herbivore Gender Effects on Volatile Induction in Aspen and on Olfactory Responses in Leaf Beetles." Forests 11, no. 6 (2020): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060638.

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Hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides Michx.) is a fast-growing tree species used for short-rotation forestry in northern latitudes. Aspen species have a rich herbivore fauna, including defoliating leaf beetles that induce emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when feeding on aspen leaves. We investigated the differential induction of VOCs by male and female Phratora laticollis leaf beetles feeding on hybrid aspen and the differences in the orientation of beetles in response to gender-specific induced VOCs. The hypotheses for the study were (1) the VOCs in the headspace of plant
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Zhang, Da-Yong, and Xin-Hua Jiang. "Interactive effects of habitat productivity and herbivore pressure on the evolution of anti-herbivore defense in invasive plant populations." Journal of Theoretical Biology 242, no. 4 (2006): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.05.016.

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Carlson, Jane E., and Kyle E. Harms. "The benefits of bathing buds: water calyces protect flowers from a microlepidopteran herbivore." Biology Letters 3, no. 4 (2007): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0095.

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Protective floral structures may evolve in response to the negative effects of floral herbivores. For example, water calyces—liquid-filled, cup-like structures resulting from the fusion of sepals—may reduce floral herbivory by submerging buds during their development. Our observations of a water-calyx plant, Chrysothemis friedrichsthaliana (Gesneriaceae), revealed that buds were frequently attacked by ovipositing moths (Alucitidae), whose larvae consumed anthers and stigmas before corollas opened. Almost 25% of per-plant flower production was destroyed by alucitid larvae over two seasons, far
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Newton, Adrian C., Elena Cantarello, Natalia Tejedor, and Gillian Myers. "Dynamics and Conservation Management of a Wooded Landscape under High Herbivore Pressure." International Journal of Biodiversity 2013 (May 23, 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/273948.

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We present the use of a spatially explicit model of woodland dynamics (LANDIS-II) to examine the impacts of herbivory in the New Forest National Park, UK, in relation to its management for biodiversity conservation. The model was parameterized using spatial data and the results of two field surveys and then was tested with results from a third survey. Field survey results indicated that regeneration by tree species was found to be widespread but to occur at low density, despite heavy browsing pressure. The model was found to accurately predict the abundance and richness of tree species. Over t
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Despland, Emma, and Paola G. Santacruz. "Top-down and bottom-up controls on an herbivore on a native and introduced plant in a tropical agricultural landscape." PeerJ 8 (March 13, 2020): e8782. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8782.

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The recent introduction in a tropical agricultural environment of a weedy open-habitat plant (Solanum myriacanthum) and subsequent host range expansion of a common forest-edge butterfly (Mechanitis menapis) onto that plant provides an opportunity to examine reconfiguration of tritrophic networks in human-impacted landscapes. The objectives of this study were (1) determine if the caterpillars on the exotic host are more or less limited by plant defenses (bottom-up forces) and if they experience enemy release (decrease of top-down pressure) and (2) define how anthropic open pasture habitat influ
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Faliński, Janusz Bogdan. "Dynamics ofSalix capreaL. populations during forest regeneration after strong herbivore pressure." Journal of Vegetation Science 9, no. 1 (1998): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3237223.

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Root, Richard B. "Herbivore Pressure on Goldenrods (Solidago Altissima): Its Variation and Cumulative Effects." Ecology 77, no. 4 (1996): 1074–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2265577.

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Borkowski, Jakub. "What did European primeval forests under high herbivore pressure look like?" Forest Research Papers 72, no. 2 (2011): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10111-011-0018-5.

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Gutiérrez, J. R., M. Holmgren, R. Manrique, and F. A. Squeo. "Reduced herbivore pressure under rainy ENSO conditions could facilitate dryland reforestation." Journal of Arid Environments 68, no. 2 (2007): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.05.011.

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Salgado, Ana L., Tomasz Suchan, Loïc Pellissier, Sergio Rasmann, Anne-Lyse Ducrest, and Nadir Alvarez. "Differential phenotypic and genetic expression of defence compounds in a plant–herbivore interaction along elevation." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 9 (2016): 160226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160226.

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Elevation gradients impose large differences in abiotic and biotic conditions over short distances, in turn, likely driving differences in gene expression more than would genetic variation per se , as natural selection and drift are less likely to fix alleles at such a narrow spatial scale. As elevation increases, the pressure exerted on plants by herbivores and on arthropod herbivores by predators decreases, and organisms spanning the elevation gradient are thus expected to show lower levels of defence at high elevation. The alternative hypothesis, based on the optimal defence theory, is that
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43

Radny, Janina, and Katrin M. Meyer. "The role of biotic factors during plant establishment in novel communities assessed with an agent-based simulation model." PeerJ 6 (August 8, 2018): e5342. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5342.

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Background Establishment success of non-native species is not only influenced by environmental conditions, but also by interactions with local competitors and enemies. The magnitude of these biotic interactions is mediated by species traits that reflect competitive strength or defence mechanisms. Our aim was to investigate the importance of species traits for successful establishment of non-native species in a native community exhibiting biotic resistance in the form of competition and herbivory. Methods We developed a trait-based, individual-based simulation model tracking the survival of non
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del-Val, Ek, and Juan J. Armesto. "Seedling Mortality and Herbivory Damage in Subtropical and Temperate Populations: Testing the Hypothesis of Higher Herbivore Pressure Toward the Tropics." Biotropica 42, no. 2 (2009): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00554.x.

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Matsuki, M. "Regulation of Plant Phenolic Synthesis: From Biochemistry to Ecology and Evolution." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 6 (1996): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960613.

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The molecular and biochemical regulation of phenolic synthesis can be summarised as: (1) carbohydrates are partitioned in a manner ensuring growth; (2) carbohydrates are available for phenolic synthesis mainly during cell differentiation and after leaf maturation as the 'overflow'; (3) synthesis of a particular phenolic compound is specific to cell type and developmental stage; and (4) synthesis of certain phenolic compounds can be induced, independently of cell type, by factors such as wounding, microbial infection, and UV light. Recent advances in the understanding of the regulation of pheno
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Britton, Justin M., R. Justin DeRose, Karen E. Mock, and James N. Long. "Herbivory and advance reproduction influence quaking aspen regeneration response to management in southern Utah, USA." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 5 (2016): 674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0010.

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Recent concern regarding the potential decline of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forests in the western United States has sparked concern over whether the species can be effectively regenerated. Using a retrospective approach, we quantified the response of regenerating aspen stems to an ordinary set of silvicultural treatments conducted over approximately the past decade in southern Utah, USA. A suite of variables describing stand structure and composition, stand vigor, physiographic factors, herbivore pressure, and treatment types were measured to predict the possible controls, as
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Pimentel, David. "Herbivore Population Feeding Pressure on Plant Hosts: Feedback Evolution and Host Conservation." Oikos 53, no. 3 (1988): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3565527.

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Sommer, U. "The impact of herbivore type and grazing pressure on benthic microalgal diversity." Ecology Letters 2, no. 2 (1999): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.1999.22052.x.

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Limpens, Antoine, Emmanuel Serrano, Leidy Rivera-Sánchez, Jordi Bartolomé, and Elena Baraza. "Pellet Accumulation as a Proxy for Herbivore Pressure in a Mediterranean Ecosystem." Rangeland Ecology & Management 73, no. 5 (2020): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2020.06.011.

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Engelkes, Tim, Bart Wouters, T. Martijn Bezemer, Jeffrey A. Harvey, and Wim H. van der Putten. "Contrasting patterns of herbivore and predator pressure on invasive and native plants." Basic and Applied Ecology 13, no. 8 (2012): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2012.10.005.

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