Relevant bibliographies by topics / Herbivoren

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  1. Journal articles
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  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Herbivoren'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Herbivoren"

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Thöle, Milena, Saskia Köstlinger, and Michael Fehr. "Handfütterung beim herbivoren Kleinsäuger." veterinär spiegel 26, no. 01 (March 14, 2016): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1568264.

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Maes, D., F. Vandael, and S. Croubels. "Vraag & Antwoord." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 86, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v86i1.16305.

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Maes, D., F. Vandael, and S. Croubels. "Vraag & Antwoord." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 86, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v86i1.16305.

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Montti, Lía, María Marta Ayup, Roxana Aragón, Weilong Qi, Honghua Ruan, Romina Fernández, Sergio A. Casertano, and Xiaoming Zou. "Herbivory and the success of Ligustrum lucidum: evidence from a comparison between native and novel ranges." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 3 (2016): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15232.

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Invasive plant species may benefit from a reduction in herbivory in their introduced range. The reduced herbivory may cause a reallocation of resources from defence to fitness. Here, we evaluated leaf herbivory of an invasive tree species (Ligustrum lucidum Aiton) in its native and novel ranges, and determined the potential changes in leaf traits that may be associated with the patterns of herbivory. We measured forest structure, damage by herbivores and leaf traits in novel and native ranges, and on the basis of the literature, we identified the common natural herbivores of L. lucidum. We also performed an experiment offering leaves from both ranges to a generalist herbivore (Spodoptera frugiperda). L. lucidum was more abundant and experienced significantly less foliar damage in the novel than in the native range, in spite of the occurrence of several natural herbivores. The reduced lignin content and lower lignin : N ratio in novel leaves, together with the higher herbivore preference for leaves of this origin in the laboratory experiment, indicated lower herbivore resistance in novel than in native populations. The reduced damage by herbivores is not the only factor explaining invasion success, but it may be an important cause that enhances the invasiveness of L. lucidum.
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Beaumont, Kieren P., Duncan A. Mackay, and Molly A. Whalen. "Ant defence of a dioecious shrub, Adriana quadripartita (Euphorbiaceae), with extrafloral nectaries." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 6 (2016): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16034.

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Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) can function to indirectly reduce herbivory by attracting ants that interfere with or predate on herbivorous insects. So as to examine the efficacy of ants as defenders of plants with extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) against herbivores, an ant-exclusion experiment was conducted on plants of the dioecious species Adriana quadripartita (Euphorbiaceae). The experiment was conducted on Torrens Island, South Australia, and adds to previous work that examined the associations among adrianas, ants and invertebrate herbivores at several locations across Australia. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ants that tend EFNs reduce herbivore numbers and levels of herbivory, and whether this ant–plant–herbivore interaction differs between male and female A. quadripartita plants. The abundances of ants and invertebrate herbivores were overall greater on male than on female plants. The exclusion of ants from branches resulted in an increase in herbivore abundance on male and female plants; however, ant exclusion resulted in an increase of foliar damage on male plants only. Whereas previous research on A. tomentosa shows that ants can decrease herbivore abundance, the results here provide the first evidence that EFNs on adrianas can function to decrease foliar herbivory.
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Johnson, Scott N., Olivia L. Reynolds, Geoff M. Gurr, Jessica L. Esveld, Ben D. Moore, Gavin J. Tory, and Andrew N. Gherlenda. "When resistance is futile, tolerate instead: silicon promotes plant compensatory growth when attacked by above- and belowground herbivores." Biology Letters 15, no. 7 (July 2019): 20190361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0361.

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Plants have evolved numerous herbivore defences that are resistance- or tolerance-based. Resistance involves physical and chemical traits that deter and/or harm herbivores whereas tolerance minimizes fitness costs of herbivory, often via compensatory growth. The Poaceae frequently accumulate large amounts of silicon (Si), which can be used for herbivore resistance, including biomechanical and (indirectly) biochemical defences. To date, it is unclear whether Si improves tolerance of herbivory. Here we report how Si enabled a cereal ( Triticum aestivum ) to tolerate damage inflicted by above- and belowground herbivores. Leaf herbivory increased Si concentrations in the leaves by greater than 50% relative to herbivore-free plants, indicating it was an inducible defensive response. In plants without Si supplementation, leaf herbivory reduced shoot biomass by 52% and root herbivory reduced root biomass by 68%. Si supplementation, however, facilitated compensatory growth such that shoot losses were more than compensated for (+14% greater than herbivore-free plants) and root losses were minimized to −16%. Si supplementation did not improve plant resistance since Si did not enhance biomechanical resistance (i.e. force of fracture) or reduce leaf consumption and herbivore relative growth rates. We propose that Si-based defence operates in wheat via tolerance either in addition or as an alternative to resistance-based defence.
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Barrio, Isabel C., David S. Hik, Kristen Peck, and C. Guillermo Bueno. "After the frass: foraging pikas select patches previously grazed by caterpillars." Biology Letters 9, no. 3 (June 23, 2013): 20130090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0090.

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Interactions among herbivores can shape the structure of their communities and drive their dynamics. However, detecting herbivore interactions can be challenging when they are deferred in space or time. Moreover, interactions among distantly related groups of herbivores, such as vertebrates and invertebrates, are poorly understood. We investigated the effect of invertebrate herbivory on the subsequent foraging choices of a small alpine-dwelling vertebrate, the collared pika ( Ochotona collaris ). We carried out a field experiment within pika territories, by presenting them with a choice of foraging sites following manipulation of invertebrate (caterpillar) herbivory. Pikas actively selected areas with increased, recent invertebrate herbivory. While the underlying mechanisms behind this interaction remain unknown, our results demonstrate a positive effect of invertebrate herbivores on subsequent vertebrate foraging preferences for the first time. Even among distantly related taxa, such interactions where one herbivore is cueing on the foraging of another, could drive the creation of herbivory hotspots, with cascading consequences for ecosystem processes.
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Barnes, A. D., C. Scherber, U. Brose, E. T. Borer, A. Ebeling, B. Gauzens, D. P. Giling, et al. "Biodiversity enhances the multitrophic control of arthropod herbivory." Science Advances 6, no. 45 (November 2020): eabb6603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6603.

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Arthropod herbivores cause substantial economic costs that drive an increasing need to develop environmentally sustainable approaches to herbivore control. Increasing plant diversity is expected to limit herbivory by altering plant-herbivore and predator-herbivore interactions, but the simultaneous influence of these interactions on herbivore impacts remains unexplored. We compiled 487 arthropod food webs in two long-running grassland biodiversity experiments in Europe and North America to investigate whether and how increasing plant diversity can reduce the impacts of herbivores on plants. We show that plants lose just under half as much energy to arthropod herbivores when in high-diversity mixtures versus monocultures and reveal that plant diversity decreases effects of herbivores on plants by simultaneously benefiting predators and reducing average herbivore food quality. These findings demonstrate that conserving plant diversity is crucial for maintaining interactions in food webs that provide natural control of herbivore pests.
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Potter, Arjun B., Muhammad Ali Imron, Satyawan Pudyatmoko, and Matthew C. Hutchinson. "Short-term plant-community responses to large mammalian herbivore exclusion in a rewilded Javan savanna." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 22, 2021): e0255056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255056.

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Grassy biomes such as savannas are maintained by an interacting suite of ecosystem processes from herbivory to rainfall to fire. Many studies have examined the impacts of large mammalian herbivores on herbaceous plant communities, but few of these studies have been conducted in humid, fertile savannas. We present the findings of a short-term experiment that investigated the effects of herbivory in a fertile, humid, and semi-managed savanna. We erected large-herbivore exclosures in Alas Purwo National Park, Java, Indonesia where rainfall is high and fire is suppressed to test how herbivores impact plant community development across the growing season. Where large mammalian herbivores were excluded, herbaceous plant communities contained more non-grasses and were less similar; diverging in their composition as the growing season progressed. Effects of herbivore exclusion on plant species richness, evenness, and biomass per quadrat were generally weak. Notably, however, two weedy plant species (one native, Imperata cylindrica and one introduced, Senna cf. tora) appeared to benefit most from herbivore release. Our results suggest that heavy grazing pressure by native large mammalian herbivores controlled the composition of the herbaceous plant community. Moreover, exclusion of large mammalian herbivores led to divergence in the plant species composition of exclosures; compositional dissimilarity between herbivore-exclusion plots was higher than between plots exposed to large mammalian herbivores. Our findings suggest that, at this high-rainfall site, large mammalian herbivores constrained the developmental trajectory of plant communities across the growing season.
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Brocklehurst, Neil, Christian F. Kammerer, and Roger J. Benson. "The origin of tetrapod herbivory: effects on local plant diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1928 (June 10, 2020): 20200124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0124.

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The origin of herbivory in the Carboniferous was a landmark event in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems, increasing ecological diversity in animals but also giving them greater influence on the evolution of land plants. We evaluate the effect of early vertebrate herbivory on plant evolution by comparing local species richness of plant palaeofloras with that of vertebrate herbivores and herbivore body size. Vertebrate herbivores became diverse and achieved a much greater range of body sizes across the Carboniferous–Permian transition interval. This coincides with an abrupt reduction in local plant richness that persists throughout the Permian. Time-series regression analysis supports a negative relationship of plant richness with herbivore richness but a positive relationship of plant richness with minimum herbivore body size. This is consistent with studies of present-day ecosystems in which increased diversity of smaller, more selective herbivores places greater predation pressures on plants, while a prevalence of larger bodied, less selective herbivores reduces the dominance of a few highly tolerant plant species, thereby promoting greater local richness. The diversification of herbivores across the Carboniferous–Permian boundary, along with the appearance of smaller, more selective herbivores like bolosaurid parareptiles, constrained plant diversity throughout the Permian. These findings demonstrate that the establishment of widespread vertebrate herbivory has structured plant communities since the late Palaeozoic, as expected from examination of modern ecosystems, and illustrates the potential for fossil datasets in testing palaeoecological hypotheses.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Herbivoren"

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Dolch, Rainer. "Artenreichtum von Herbivoren-Parasitoiden-Gesellschaften an Leguminosen." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AB91-3.

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Iken, Katrin. "Trophische Beziehungen zwischen Makroalgen und Herbivoren in der Potter Cove (King-George-Insel, Antarktis) = Trophic relations between macroalgae and herbivores in Potter Cove (King George Island, Antarctica) /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1996. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/215154738.pdf.

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Serangeli, Jordi. "Verbreitung der grossen Jagdfauna in Mittel- und Westeuropa im oberen Jungpleistozän ein kritischer Beitrag." Rahden/Westf. Leidorf, 2004. http://www.vml.de/d/detail.php?ISBN=3-89646-853-7.

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Winde, Inis Britta [Verfasser], and Ute [Akademischer Betreuer] Wittstock. "Entgiftung des Glucosinolat-Myrosinase-Systems durch generalistische Herbivoren der Lepidoptera / Inis Britta Winde ; Betreuer: Ute Wittstock." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1175824879/34.

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Prütz, Gernot. "Tritrophische Interaktionen zwischen transgenem, insektenresistentem Bacillus-thuringiensis-Mais, dem Herbivoren Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) und dem Parasitoiden Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972131574.

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Nascimento, Elynton Alves do. "História natural e ecologia da interação entre Chamaecrista debilis (Vogel) Irwin & Barneby (Caesalpiniaceae), herbívoros e formigas visitantes de nectários extraflorais no cerrado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-10072007-105422/.

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Neste estudo foi avaliado o grau de proteção conferido à Chamaecrista debilis a partir das formigas visitantes dos seus nectários extraflorais (NEFs), que são estruturas não envolvidas diretamente na polinização e que representam uma importante fonte alimentar para vários grupos de artrópodes. Foram utilizados dois experimentos, no primeiro foram escolhidas e marcadas 20 plantas, sendo 10 destinadas ao controle, permanecendo em seu estado natural, e outras 10 denominadas tratamento, onde as formigas presentes foram retiradas, sendo aplicada uma resina na base do caule, afim de impedir o acesso das formigas à planta. Em cada planta de ambos os grupos, foram marcadas 6 folhas, contando¬se seus folíolos para acompanhar a herbivoria. No segundo experimento, foram escolhidas 6 plantas, sendo marcados dois ramos em cada uma, um destinado ao controle e outro destinado ao tratamento, onde foi aplicada a resina em sua base e as formigas foram excluídas. Foram marcadas 3 folhas em cada ramo, sendo contado o número de folíolos para acompanhar a herbivoria. No primeiro experimento não objetivou¬se determinar a defesa diferencial, dependendo das espécies das formigas associadas aos NEFs, enquanto que no segundo experimento foi avaliada especificamente a defesa conferida por Camponotus cingulatus. A fenologia foi acompanhada quinzenalmente, avaliando¬se a porcentagem das estruturas da plantas. Formigas, visitantes florais, herbívoros e outros insetos presentes na planta foram coletados. Foram encontradas 15 espécies de formigas associadas aos NEFs da planta, enquanto que os principais herbívoros foram os proscopídeos (Orthoptera). Quinze espécies de visitantes florais foram relatadas, e vários outros grupos estiveram associados à planta, especialmente em relação às galhas. Os resultados dos experimentos demonstraram que a presença das formigas determina uma redução significativa da herbivoria em Ch. debilis, nos dois experimentos, sendo que esta defesa amplia¬se com o passar do tempo. Todavia, este mutualismo parece ser facultativo, como a maioria destas relações envolvendo plantas com NEFs e organismos associados.
In this study was valued the protection degree provided to Chamaecrista debilis from ants visiting its extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), that are structures not involved directly to pollination and that are a important food resource to various arthropod groups. Were performes two experiments, in the first one were choosed and marked 20 plants, where 10 were control plants, remaining in to their natural conditions, and the other 10, labeled as treatement, where the ants presents were excluded and applied a resin at the basis of the stem, to prevent the access of the ants. In wich plant of both groups were marked 6 leaves, counting the number of folioles to value the herbivory rates. In the second experiment was choosen six plants, where were marked two branches, one destined to control and the other one to the treatment, where the resin was applied at the basis, to prevent the ants? access to these branches, from where the ants were excluded. Were marked 3 leaves in wich branch counting the number of folioles to value the herbivory rates. In the first experiment was not evalueted the differencial degree of protection, depending on the ants? species while in the second one was valueted specifically the defense from Camponotus cingulatus. The phenology was evalueted each 15 days, considering the porcentage of the plants? structures. Ants, flower visitors, herbivores and other insects presents on the plant were colected. Was found 15 ant species associated to EFNs, while the main herbivore were the Proscopiidae. Fifteen specis of flower visitors were recorded and another various groups were associeted to plant, specially to the galls. The results of the two experiments showed that the presence of ants provide a significative reduce to herbivory rates in Ch. debilis, and this defense grows along the time. However, this mutualism seems to be facultative, like the majotity of these relationships involving EFN plants and associated organisms.
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Almeida, Cauê Guion de [UNESP]. "Crescimento e digestibilidade de dietas com diferentes teores de fibra para a tartaruga-da-Amazônia - Podocnemis expansa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100177.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_cg_dr_jabo.pdf: 914863 bytes, checksum: 06ae360f77e1992d58cf954b10d6535d (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Com base no hábito alimentar da espécie, no potencial dos quelônios em utilizar matéria vegetal e na importância da fibra e de seus constituintes para alimentação animal, esta pesquisa estudou o crescimento da tartaruga-da-Amazônia (Podocnemis expansa), a disponibilidade de minerais e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em dietas com diferentes teores de fibra bruta. Os estudos foram realizados na Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), entre maio e novembro de 2008, com duração de sete meses, utilizando 160 exemplares de tartaruga-da-Amazônia provenientes do município de Ribeirão Cascalheira, região do Rio das Mortes/MT, Brasil. O aumento nos teores de fibra na dieta até 16% melhorou o crescimento da tartaruga-da-Amazônia, onde as características de crescimento apresentaram os maiores valores. Entre 16 a 20% de fibra na dieta o crescimento das tartarugas diminuiu. O maior crescimento se deu com teores semelhantes aos encontrados na dieta natural da espécie, reforçando seu potencial para utilização de dieta herbívora. A disponibilidade de minerais e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes foram influenciadas pelos teores de fibra na dieta. A tartaruga-da-Amazônia apresenta elevado potencial de digestão da fibra dietética, comparável ao de ruminantes e outros répteis herbívoros, com sua digestibilidade aumentando com o aumento do teor de fibra na dieta
Taking in consideration the potential the chelonians have for using vegetal matter and based on the eating habit of the specie and on the importance of fiber and its constituents for animal feeding, the present study aimed at evaluating the growth of the Arrau sideneck turtle (Podocnemis expansa) fed with diets of different contents of crude fiber and the availability of minerals and the digestibility of nutrients. This study was carried out Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), between the months of May and November, 2008, and lasted seven months. The turtles used were 160 specimens of the Arrau sideneck turtle from Projeto Quelônios da Amazônia, State of Mato Grosso. The increase in the contents of fiber in the diet up to 16% improved the Arrau sideneck turtle’s growth, when the growth characteristics showed their best values. In diets including 20% of fiber, the turtle’s growth decreased. In diets including between 16 and 20% of fiber, the turtle’s growth decreased. The highest rate occurred when using contents similar to those found in the natural diet of the species, corroborating its potential to use herbivore diet. The availability of minerals and the digestibility of nutrients were influenced by the contents of fiber in the diet. The Arrau sideneck turtle presents a high potential for dietary fiber digestion, comparable to that of the ruminants and other herbivore reptiles, with its digestibility increasing as the contents of fiber increase
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Pankoke, Helga Carola [Verfasser], and Susanne [Akademischer Betreuer] Dobler. "Ist β-Glucosidase ein Schlüsselenzym für die Anpassung an Iridoidglycoside? Ein Vergleich zwischen herbivoren Generalisten (Arctiidae, Lepidoptera) und einem Iridoidglycosidspezialist (Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera) / Helga Carola Pankoke. Betreuer: Susanne Dobler." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034953206/34.

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Brugneaux, Sophie. "Régulation des communautés algales par les macro-herbivores dans les communautés récifales des Antilles françaises : (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint-Barthélémy)." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0522/document.

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Une étude des facteurs influençant la composition et la répartition spatiale des abondances algales dans les communautés récifales des Antilles françaises et plus spécifiquement de Guadeloupe a été réalisée. Le rôle joué par les oursins diadème est plus particulièrement étudié. Les principaux compartiments des communautés récifales et les facteurs d'influence susceptibles de jouer un rôle dans la régulation du compartiment algal ont été dimensionnés sur 22 stations des Antilles françaises. Pour cela plusieurs indicateurs ont été testés. Après une description de chaque compartiment biotique (algues, herbivores, prédateurs), une recherche des facteurs influençant les caractéristiques du compartiment algal a été menée à trois échelles spatiales, à l'aide d'analyses statistiques non paramétriques, notamment des analyses canoniques des redondances et des correspondances. Puis, une recherche des facteurs influençant la répartition des oursins diadème a été également menée. Si les deux guildes d'herbivores étudiées (poissons et oursins diadème) ont un impact significatif sur l'abondance de gazon algal, seuls les poissons herbivores ont la capacité d'exercer cette influence à l'échelle des récifs de Guadeloupe et cette influence ne s'étend pas aux autres catégories algales. Notamment les phéophycées. A l'échelle de l'ensemble des îles étudiées, les analyses effectuées n'ont pas permis de mettre en évidence l'influence des herbivores sur la régulation des abondances algales. Les oursins diadèmes sont en faible densité dans les iles antillaises étudiées. Plusieurs facteurs susceptibles de participer à leur répartition en taille et en abondance sont identifiés
A study of factors influencing the composition and spatial distribution of algal abundance in the French Caribbean reef communities and more specifically in Guadeloupe was conducted. The role of diadema sea urchins was particularly studied. For that, 22 stations in the French Antilles were selected and several indicators tested. After a description of each biotic compartment (algae, herbivore, predators), a search for factors influencing the characteristics of the algal compartment was conducted at three spatial scale, using non-parametric statistical analyses, including canonical correspondence analyses (cca) and redundancy analyses (rda). Then a search for the factors influencing the distribution of diadema sea urchins was also conducted. If the two guilds of herbivores (diadema sea urchin and fish) have a significant impact on the abundance of algal turf, only herbivorous fish was found to have an influence in the reefs of Guadeloupe and that influence was not observed on other algal groups, including phaeophyceae. At the scale of all the islands, the analyses did not enable to show the influence of herbivores in the regulation of algal abundance. The density of sea urchins was found to be low in the studied sites. Several factors likely to influence their distribution in size and their abundance were identified
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Pizzi, Marcello Bontempi 1988. "Perdas de produtividade de 12 clones de eucalipto submetidos a desfolhas artificiais sucessivas /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144286.

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Orientador: José Luiz Stape
Banca: Iraê Amaral Guerrini
Banca: Clayton Alcarde Alvares
Resumo: A produtividade de plantios de eucalipto no Brasil foi triplicada nas últimas quatro décadas graças, principalmente, à pesquisa intensiva, investimentos em tecnologia silvicultural, clonagem e melhoramento genético. Atualmente, existem diversas pesquisas relacionadas ao gênero Eucalyptus, mas são poucas as que abordam o tema estresse biótico por ser uma avaliação complexa e de difícil planejamento e execução. Em Piracicaba, em um sítio experimental com alta sanidade e sobrevivência, foram induzidas uma, duas e três desfolhas sucessivas, retirando-se manualmente todas as folhas da copa das árvores de 12 clones de eucalipto de extrema relevância à silvicultura brasileira. As desfolhas ocorreram aproximadamente aos 15, 19 e 23 meses de idade das árvores, e a avaliação final de perda de produtividade ocorreu aos 27 meses. O crescimento das árvores foi monitorado semanalmente, sendo possível ver o efeito das desfolhas ao longo do período. Os clones de eucalipto escolhidos para este estudo, apesar de pertencerem ao mesmo gênero, mostraram resultados bastante diferentes. O impacto das desfolhas no crescimento das árvores foi imediato e prolongado, com o crescimento próximo à zero por 50 a 120 dias após a desfolha. As desfolhas causaram redução de crescimento em DAP (Diâmetro à Altura do Peito), altura total, volume e biomassa de madeira. As árvores não desfolhadas acabaram dominando as desfolhadas. Isso causou o estiolamento das árvores desfolhadas e a redução da homogeneidade das ...
Abstract: The Brazilian Eucalyptus productivity has tripled in the last four decades, mainly because of intensive research, development of forestry and genetics. Nowadays, there are several studies related to the Eucalyptus genus, but only a few address biotic stress, as the subject is of complex evaluation, difficult planning and execution. In Piracicaba, in an experimental site with high health and survival rate, one, two and three successive defoliations were induced, manually removing all the canopy leaves of 12 extremely relevant clones to Brazilian forestry. The defoliations occurred in approximately 15, 19 and 23 months after planting and the final evaluation of productivity occurred at 27 months. Tree growth was weekly monitored, and the effect of defoliation over time was visible. The eucalypts clones chosen for this study, despite belonging to the same genus, showed quite different results. The impact of canopy defoliation on tree growth was immediate and prolonged, with growth close to zero for 50 to 120 days following defoliation. Defoliation caused growth reduction in DBH (Diameter at Breast Height), total height, volume and wood biomass. Defoliated trees were etiolated as the non-defoliated were the dominant trees in the plot. Defoliation reduced plot homogeneity. One year after the first defoliation, the 27-month-old trees that have undergone one defoliation showed 48% lower wood biomass, in comparison with non-defoliated trees (ranging from 24 to 57% by clones). ...
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Books on the topic "Herbivoren"

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Iken, Katrin. Trophische Beziehungen zwischen Makroalgen und Herbivoren in der Potter Cove (King-George-Insel, Antarktis) =: Trophic relations between macroalgae and herbivores in Potter Cove (King George Island, Antarctica). Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1996.

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Blenn, Beatrice. Chemische Ökologie von Interaktionen zwischen Brassicaceae und herbivoren Insekten: Chemical ecology of interactions between brassicaceae and herbivorous insects. [S.l: s.n.], 2013.

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W, Tallamy Douglas, and Raupp Michael J, eds. Phytochemical induction by herbivores. New York: Wiley, 1991.

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A, Sandoval-Castro C., and British Society of Animal Science, eds. Herbivores: Assessment of intake, digestability and the roles of secondary compounds. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press, 2006.

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Klaas, Christine. Distribution and role of microprotozoa in the Southern Ocean =: Verteilung und Einfluss von herbivoren Protozoen auf Phytoplanktonbestände und Vertikalflüsse im Südpolarmeer. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut, 1997.

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Herbivores. New York, NY: AV2 by Weigl, 2011.

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Herbivores. London: Raintree, 2015.

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Herbivores. Tunbridge Wells: Ticktock Media, 2004.

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Herbivores. Tunbridge Wells: Tictock, 2001.

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Duke, Shirley Smith. Herbivores and carnivores explained. New York: Cavendish Square Publishing, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Herbivoren"

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Kotanen, Peter M. "Direct and indirect effects of herbivores influencing plant invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 226–40. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0226.

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Abstract Non-native plants rarely escape damage by herbivores. Instead, upon arrival in a new region, they begin to acquire new enemies, replacing those they have lost during their migration. These herbivores can include both natives to the new region and species that have themselves been accidentally or deliberately introduced from elsewhere, potentially including examples originating from the invader's original range. Shifts of new enemies from other hosts can occur over a range of timescales, depending in part on whether evolutionary change is required, but are likely to be faster for plants that are widespread and phylogenetically related to a herbivore's original host, and faster for generalist herbivores than for specialists. The occurrence of herbivores is not necessarily uniform across an invader's range; instead, they may be less diverse or abundant in host populations that are geographically or ecologically marginal, though existing evidence is mixed. Collectively, these new suites of herbivores can affect the growth and fitness of invaders, both directly by damaging them and indirectly by attacking their competitors. Studies comparing the demographic consequences of herbivory for successful vs unsuccessful invaders may help to clarify how often such impacts limit invasiveness. The view that an invader enters 'enemy-free' space is inaccurate; instead, persistence and spread of non-native plants often may be affected by the novel and changing assemblage of herbivores that they acquire within their new distribution.
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Brown, Valerie K. "Insect Herbivores, Herbivory and Plant Succession." In Insect Life Cycles, 183–96. London: Springer London, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3464-0_13.

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Capinera, John L., Thomas O. Crist, John B. Heppner, Minos E. Tzanakakis, Severiano F. Gayubo, Aurélien Tartar, Pauline O. Lawrence, et al. "Herbivore." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1792. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1314.

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Kumar, Gaurav, Akanksha Vashishtha, Tansukh Barupal, Siva P. K. Chetri, Monika Heikrujam, Mukesh Meena, Tripta Jain, and Kuldeep Sharma. "Herbivore." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_854-1.

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Kumar, Gaurav, Akanksha Vashishtha, Tansukh Barupal, Siva P. K. Chetri, Monika Heikrujam, Mukesh Meena, Tripta Jain, and Kuldeep Sharma. "Herbivore." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 3079–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_854.

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Lehtilä, K., and E. Boalt. "The Use and Usefulness of Artificial Herbivory in Plant-Herbivore Studies." In Ecological Studies, 257–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74004-9_13.

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Senn, Josef. "Large Herbivores." In Landscape Series, 295–312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98756-5_13.

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Parker, John D., John L. Devaney, and Nathan P. Lemoine. "Biotic resistance to plant invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 177–91. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0177.

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Abstract Biotic resistance to plant invasions takes many forms: consumption by native herbivores, competition with native plants and infection by native pathogens. But how often does biotic resistance prevent the damaging monocultures that typify the most problematic plant invaders, and how often is biotic resistance overwhelmed by the direct and indirect impacts of human activities? This chapter attempts to answer these questions, drawing on the long history of research into biotic resistance. We first briefly describe the major forms of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions as an antecedent to other, more detailed chapters on competition, herbivory and pathogens. We then describe a new neutral model where variance in disturbance promotes invasions over the short term, but over longer timescales only propagule pressure drives invasions. These findings are a cautionary tale; pending increases in global trade and travel, particularly to the tropics, may provide the prerequisite disturbance and propagule pressure needed to ultimately stoke further invasions. Finally, we highlight case studies where invasions have been mitigated by restoration of biotic resistance from native herbivores and competitors. These studies provide strong empirical support that conservation of native biodiversity can be a nature-based solution to some invasions, although it remains to be seen if climate change will alter these effects over longer timescales.
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Smith-Ramesh, Lauren M. "Allelopathic disruptions of biotic interactions due to non-native plants." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 270–80. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0270.

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Abstract Allelopathy, or the process by which plants influence the growth and performance of their neighbours through the release of chemicals, may play a key role in mediating the impacts of non-native invasive species on their neighbours. The Novel Weapons Hypothesis purports that non-native invasive species are in part successful because they produce harmful allelochemicals to which resident species are particularly susceptible because residents lack a shared evolutionary history with the invader. While allelopathic non-native invaders may reduce the growth and performance of neighbours through direct phytotoxicity, they may more often exert negative impacts through disruption of biotic interactions among resident species. Allelopathy by non-native plants may disrupt mutualisms between resident plants and microbes, plant-herbivore interactions or existing competitive and facilitative interactions among resident plants. For example, several non-native plants are known to disrupt the mutualism between resident plants and mycorrhizal fungi, reducing resident plant fitness to the benefit of the invader. Allelopathic non-natives may also disrupt interactions among resident plants and their herbivores when allelochemicals also influence herbivore behaviour or fitness. Alternatively, biotic interactions can also be protective for resident species, which may be less susceptible to the impacts of non-native species when their mutualisms are intact. As we advance our understanding of allelopathy and its role in mediating the impacts of invasive plant species, we may gain new insights by viewing invasions within a network context rather than focusing on pairwise interactions.
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Capinera, John L., Thomas O. Crist, John B. Heppner, Minos E. Tzanakakis, Severiano F. Gayubo, Aurélien Tartar, Pauline O. Lawrence, et al. "Herbivory." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1792. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1315.

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Conference papers on the topic "Herbivoren"

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SABETTA, GIORGIO, EMMA PERRACCHIONE, and EZIO VENTURINO. "WILD HERBIVORES IN FORESTS: FOUR CASE STUDIES." In International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814667944_0005.

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Pérez Enríquez, Alejandra, Roberto Cordero, and Elizabeth Braker. "La respuesta compensatoria de Pentaclethra macroloba ante tratamientos antagónicos: la fertilización y la defoliación." In I Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/cicen.1.66.

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La combinación de rasgos como la fijación de nitrógeno en plantas tropicales con otros rasgos como disponibilidad nutricional podría incidir en el éxito de algunas especies para su establecimiento y desarrollo. Otras interacciones como la herbivoría podrían cambiar sutilmente estas relaciones y llegar a ser relevantes para su éxito ecológico. Sometimos brinzales de Pentaclethra macroloba (Gavilán, Fabaceae) en macetas, con y sin adición de nutrientes y a la interacción con defoliación controlada (herbivoría artificial), en el sotobosque secundario dentro de un bosque de Sarapiquí, Costa Rica. La biomasa total muestra una fuerte compensación neta y la defoliación indujo una mayor asignación al follaje. La fertilización siempre resultó en menos asignación a nódulos. La esbeltez respondió a ambos factores de manera sinergística. Sugerimos que la herbivoría puede ocasionar cambios importantes en la manera en que las especies asignan sus recursos en concordancia con sus simbiosis y la disponibilidad de nutrientes.
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Fordyce, James A. "Host breadth, host shifts, and herbivore diversification." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93615.

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Aziz, Mina. "Herbivore defenses induced inArabidopsisby beneficial soil bacteria." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94319.

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Cummings, Jonathan. "Software-Configurable Herbivore Control Device ("Pseudo-Fence")." In 2011 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2011.15.

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Rohrig, Eric. "Biocontrol in Florida using herbivores, parasitoids, and predators." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93963.

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Armbrecht, Inge. "Ant-plant-herbivore interactions in northern neotropical agroecosystems." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91860.

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Amleh, A. M., G. Ladas, and J. Hoag. "Boundedness of Solutions of a Plant-Herbivore System." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Difference Equations. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203745854-2.

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Takala, Jouni, Matti Laehdeniemi, and Juha T. Tanttu. "Infrared monitoring of plant damage and herbivore invasions." In SPIE's 1995 Symposium on OE/Aerospace Sensing and Dual Use Photonics, edited by Sharon A. Semanovich. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.204874.

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Labandeira, Conrad. "THE FUNCTIONAL HERBIVORE NICHE IN ANCIENT TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-378781.

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Reports on the topic "Herbivoren"

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Chamovitz, A. Daniel, and Georg Jander. Genetic and biochemical analysis of glucosinolate breakdown: The effects of indole-3-carbinol on plant physiology and development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597917.bard.

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Genetic and biochemical analysis of glucosinolate breakdown: The effects of indole-3-carbinol on plant physiology and development Glucosinolates are a class of defense-related secondary metabolites found in all crucifers, including important oilseed and vegetable crops in the Brassica genus and the well-studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Upon tissue damage, such as that provided by insect feeding, glucosinolates are subjected to catalysis and spontaneous degradation to form a variety of breakdown products. These breakdown products typically have a deterrent effect on generalist herbivores. Glucosinolate breakdown products also contribute to the anti-carcinogenic effects of eating cabbage, broccoli and related cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol, a breakdown product of indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, forms conjugates with several other plant metabolites. Although some indole-3-carbinol conjugates have known functions in defense against herbivores and pathogens, most play as yet unidentified roles in plant metabolism, and possibly also plant development. At the outset, our proposal had three main hypotheses: (1) There is a specific detoxification pathway for indole-3-carbinol; (2) Metabolites derived from indole-3-carbinol are phloem-mobile and serve as signaling molecules; and (3) Indole-3-carbinol affects plant cell cycle and cell-differentiation pathways. The experiments were designed to enable us to elucidate how indole-3-carbinol and related metabolites affect plants and their interactions with herbivorous insects. We discovered that indole-3- carbinol rapidly and reversibly inhibits root elongation in a dose-dependent manner, and that this inhibition is accompanied by a loss of auxin activity in the root meristem. A direct interaction between indole-3-carbinol and the auxin perception machinery was suggested, as application of indole-3-carbinol rescued auxin-induced root phenotypes. In vitro and yeast-based protein interaction studies showed that indole-3-carbinol perturbs the auxin-dependent interaction of TIR1 with Aux/IAA proteins, supporting the notion that indole-3-carbinol acts as an auxin antagonist. Furthermore, transcript profiling experiments revealed the influence of indole-3-carbinol on auxin signaling in root tips, and indole-3-carbinol also affected auxin transporters. Brief treatment with indole-3-carbinol led to a reduction in the amount of PIN1 and to mislocalization of PIN2. The results indicate that chemicals induced by herbivory, such as indole-3-carbinol, function not only to repel herbivores, but also as signaling molecules that directly compete with auxin to fine tune plant growth and development, which implies transport of indole-3- carbinol that we are as yet unsuccessful in detecting. Our results indicate that plant defensive metabolites also have secondary functions in regulating aspects of plant metabolism, thereby providing diversity in defense-related plant signaling pathways. Such diversity of of signaling by defensive metabolites would be beneficial for the plant, as herbivores and pathogens would be less likely to mount effective countermeasures. We propose that growth arrest can be mediated directly by the herbivory-induced chemicals, in our case, indole-3-carbinol. Thus, glucosinolate breakdown to I3C following herbivory would have two outcomes: (1) Indole-3-carbinaol would inhibit the herbivore, while (2) at the same time inducing growth arrest within the plant. Thus, our results indicate that I3C is a defensive phytohormone that modulates auxin signaling, leading to growth arrest.
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Perkovich, Cynthia. Differentiated plant-defense strategies: herbivore community dynamics affect plant-herbivore interactions. Kent State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21038/perk.2021.0101.

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Wright, Sarah. Environmental Science / Herbivory - Cornell University. Purdue University Libraries, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315002.

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Adams, B. M., H. T. Banks, J. E. Banks, and J. D. Stark. Population Dynamics Models in Plant-Insect Herbivore-Pesticide Interactions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444007.

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Cibils, Andres F., David M. Swift, and E. Durant McArthur. Plant-herbivore interactions in Atriplex: current state of knowledge. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-14.

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Lincoln, D. Herbivore responses to plants grown in enriched carbon dioxide atmospheres. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6808774.

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Mattson, William J., Pekka Niemila, and Matti Rossi. Dynamics of forest herbivory: quest for pattern and principle. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-183.

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Ward, Kenneth E., and Mary Anne Sword Sayer. Susceptibility of Potted Sweetgum Seedlings to Insect Herbivore Damage as Influenced by Fertilization. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rp-33.

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Ward, Kenneth E., and Mary Anne Sword Sayer. Susceptibility of Potted Sweetgum Seedlings to Insect Herbivore Damage as Influenced by Fertilization. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rp-33.

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Lincoln, D. E. The effects of atmospheric CO/sub 2/ on insect herbivores and their hosts plants: Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6150858.

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