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Rafi, Mohamad, Eti Rohaeti, Ali Miftahudin, and Latifah K. Darusman. "DIFFERENTIATION OF Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Zingiber cassumunar BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 1 (July 12, 2011): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21423.
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Turmeric (Curcuma longa), java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) and cassumunar ginger (Zingiber cassumunar) are widely used in traditional Indonesian medicine. These three herbs have relatively similar rhizomes colour so it is difficult to be differentiated especially if they are in powder form. A rapid and reliable method, thin layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprint, has been developed in order to identify, authenticate and differentiate these three herbs through fingerprint profile of chemical compounds. TLC fingerprints of the three herbs were obtained by visualization of separate zones with visible and UV (254 and 366 nm) light. The TLC fingerprint pattern is different each other and showed a specific marker zones respectively. Therefore, TLC fingerprint can be utilized for identification, authentication and differentiation method in quality control of the three herbs tested.
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A.M, Lawal, Abdullahi R, Ibrahim M.S, Kurfi M.Y, Khalid A, and Nuhu M. "Phytochemical Analysis and Thin Layer Chromatography Profiling of Crude Extracts from Senna Occidentalis(Leaves)." Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedical Science 2, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2576-6694.jbbs-19-2791.
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Plants used for medicinal practices which were discovered since prehistoric stone ages are termed Medicinal plants, which are also referred to as medicinal herbs, since plants produces bioactive chemical compounds (phytochemicals), this research however, is concerned with the extraction using Soxhlet extraction technique, phytochemical screening using various test methods, which reveals the presence of anthraquinones (free anthraquinones and combined anthraquinones), carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids/ terpenes, phenolic compounds and tannins, and absence of alkaloids for extracts of senna occidentalis and also, thin layer chromatography profiling which gives probable foundation for further structural elucidation amongst others. This research shows the presence of potent secondary metabolites present in the leaves of senna occidentalis (leaves).
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Tran, Lan T. Q. "Separation of active constituents in some medicinal plants by thin layer chromatography." Journal of Agriculture and Development 17, no. 05 (October 16, 2018): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.8.05.2018.
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Separation and identification of the active pharmacological compounds from some medicinal plants (Citrus aurantifolia, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Camellia sinensis) by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed the yields of crude extracts obtained from Citrus aurantifolia, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and Camellia sinensis leaves at 1.5%, 5.62% and 10.4% respectively. Toluene: ethyl acetate (93:7) (v:v) solvent was suitable for the separation of active compounds in crude extract of Citrus aurantifolia, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves while chloroform: ethylacetate: formic acid (5:4:1) (v:v:v) solvent was suitable for the extraction of active compounds in crude extract from Camellia sinensis leaves. Furthermore, the results showed that the number of compounds in extract from Citrus aurantifolia were likely affected by the vacuum evaporator effects. The TLC fingerprints of all three medicinal plants had the same visual ability when the fingerprint detected by UV (λ = 254 nm) and the reagent containing 0.1 g vanillin in 28 mL of methanol: 1 mL of sulfuric acid. In brief, the three active compounds including citral (Citrus aurantifolia), rhdomyrtone (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) and catechin hydrate (Camellia sinensis) contained in the extract of 3 medicinal herbs had the limited detection (LOD) at 195 ng/spot, 321.5 ng/spot and 625 ng/spot, respectively.
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Kurkin, Vladimir A., Elena V. Avdeeva, Olga E. Pravdivtseva, Anna V. Kurkinа, Natalya R. Varina, Viktoriya V. Stenyaeva, Anastasiya S. Tsybina, and Sergei V. Pervushkin. "Scientific evidence for efficiency of medicinal plants in otorhinolaryngology." Science and Innovations in Medicine 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2021-6-2-54-59.
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Objectives to provide scientific evidence for rational use of herbal medicines in otorhinolaryngological practice.
Material and methods. The study included the following plants: Eucalyptus viminalis leaves, Monarda fistulosa herbs, Melissa officinalis herbs, Echinacea purpurea herbs, Calendula officinalis flowers, rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea, rhizomes of Eleutherococcus senticosus, Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, Macleaya microcarpa herbs, Macleaya cordata herbs, Plantago major leaves, Origanum vulgare herbs, Thymus serpyllum herbs. Phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, euglobals, monoterpene phenols, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids of essential oils, saponins and alkaloids were isolated from the medicinal plants and studied with thin-layer chromatography, spectrophotometry, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and various chemical transformations.
Results. It was scientifically proved that medicinal plants containing such biologically active compounds as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, euglobals, terpenoid and phenolic components of essential oils, saponins, carotenoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides are useful for otorhinolaryngology. The active substances of the mentioned chemical groups in combination can provide antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, regenerating, antihistamine, adaptogenic and immunomodulatory effects.
Conclusion. The expediency of using medicinal herbal preparations containing euglobals, monoterpene phenols, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids of essential oils, saponins, alkaloids and polysaccharides in otorhinolaryngological practice was scientifically justified.
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Liu, Feng, Mengyue Wang, and Xiaobo Li. "Simultaneous qualitative characterization of four herbs in Weikangling capsules by a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method." JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC 33, no. 5 (October 2020): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00764-020-00060-x.
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Cosa, Sekelwa, Sushil Kumar Chaudhary, Weiyang Chen, Sandra Combrinck, and Alvaro Viljoen. "Exploring Common Culinary Herbs and Spices as Potential Anti-Quorum Sensing Agents." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040739.
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Quorum sensing controls bacterial pathogenesis and virulence; hence, interrupting this system renders pathogenic bacteria non-virulent, and presents a novel treatment for various bacterial infections. In the search for novel anti-quorum sensing (AQS) compounds, 14 common culinary herbs and spices were screened for potential antipathogenicity activity against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472. Extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice), Apium graveolens (celery), Capsicum annuum (cayenne pepper) and Syzygium anisatum (aniseed) demonstrated good AQS potential, yielding opaque halo zones ranging from 12–19 mm diameter at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (0.350–4.00 mg/mL). For the same species, the percentage reduction in violacein production ranged from 56.4 to 97.3%. Zones with violacein inhibitory effects were evident in a celery extract analysed using high performance thin layer chromatography-bio-autography. The major active compound was isolated from celery using preparative-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as 3-n-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide (sedanenolide). Potent opaque zones of inhibition observed on the HPTLC-bio-autography plate seeded with C. violaceum confirmed that sedanenolide was probably largely responsible for the AQS activity of celery. The bacteriocidal properties of many herbs and spices are reported. This study, however, was focussed on AQS activity, and may serve as initial scientific validation for the anti-infective properties ascribed to several culinary herbs and spices.
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Sarangi, Bandita, Sanat K. Chatterjee, Kajal Dutta, and Saroj K. Das. "Thin Layer Chromatographic Identification and Quantitation of Niacin and Niacinamide in Pharmaceutical Preparations." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 3 (May 1, 1985): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.3.547.
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Abstract A safe and simple thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of niacin and niacinamide in pharmaceutical preparations containing other vitamins, enzymes, herbs, antiamoebic drugs, etc. The method involves removal of excipients from the preparation by ethanol precipitation and isolation of niacin or niacinamide from other ingredients by TLC on silica gel with water as developing solvent, followed by extraction in 0.1N HC1, and spectrophotometric estimation of the vitamin at 262 nm. The percent recoveries for niacin and niacinamide were 100.1 ± 1.9 and 100.2 ± 1.5, respectively.
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Divisha, R., V. Ranganathan, K. Vijayakaran, A. Elamaran, and Senthil Kumar P. "Quantifying phytophenols in Andrographis paniculata and Withania somnifera leaf extracts." Journal of Phytopharmacology 7, no. 6 (December 30, 2018): 477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2018.7604.
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Andrographis paniculata (Nilavembu) and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) are some of the commonly available herbs, used for treating a wide range of ailments in man and animals. Both the plants possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects attributed to their various active phytochemical constituents. The present study was undertaken to assess the qualitative phytochemistry and to estimate the total phenolic content of leaf extracts of the two plants by Spectrophotometry and Thin Layer Chromatography. The results thus obtained suggest that the leaves of Andrographis paniculata and Withania somnifera are potential sources of healthy phytochemicals especially phenols
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SALMERON, J., R. JORDANO, and R. POZO. "Antimycotic and Antiaflatoxigenic Activity of Oregano (Origanum vulgare, L.) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris, L.)." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.8.697.
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Oregano and thyme, ground and sterilized with ethylene oxide, were added to culture broths YES (yeast extract sucrose) so that the final concentrations of the herbs were 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4%. The broths were inoculated with a spore suspension of Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus and incubated at 25°C for 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 d. Then, the growth of the cultures as mycelium dry weight and the production of aflatoxins (B1 and G1) by fluorimetry, after separation by thin layer chromatography (TLC), were determined. Although oregano and thyme stimulate the growth of both strains of molds, at the same time they act as antiaflatoxigenics.
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Pardeshi, Sushma, Anupama Kumar, and Rita Dhodapkar. "Molecular Imprinting: Mimicking Molecular Receptors for Antioxidants." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.515.
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Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been demonstrated to be a promising class of biomimetic materials that can be tailored to meet specific end use recognition requirements. Molecular imprinting is achieved by the interaction, either covalent or non-covalent between complementary groups in a template molecule and functional monomer units through polymerization. MIPs have been widely employed for divers applications such as chiral separation, chemical sensing, catalysis, drug screening, chromatographic separations and solid phase extraction. During respiration and metabolism, human body produce free radicals as by products, which can damage genetic material, lipids and proteins leading to several fatal diseases such as Cancer, Cardio-vascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Immune dysfunction etc. Antioxidants define a family of natural or synthetic nutrients in food, which acts as free radical scavengers. They are present in complex matrix such as herbs, fruit pulp in small concentration, either combined or in free form. Although several techniques have been developed for their detection, (e.g. HPLC, Thin layer chromatography, Capillary gas chromatography, Supercritical fluid chromatography), to achieve highly specific and sensitive analysis, high affinity, stable and specific recognition agents are needed. In this review, special attention is paid to the MIPs based analytical methods for antioxidants, focusing on solid phase extraction, chromatographic and non chromatographic separations and sensing approaches as well as on novel approaches for the discovery of new imprinted materials for antioxidants.
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Fatima, Kaneez, Shaukat Khalid, Imran Ahmed, Kiran Qadeer, Nudrat Fatima, Hina Yasin, Rana Asif Hussain, and Iqbal Ahmad. "Phytopharmacognostic Evaluation and Fourier Transform Infrared Fingerprint in the Quality Control of Various Culinary Herbs: AN ULTIMATE REMEDY IN ASIA." RADS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37962/jpps.v9i1.510.
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Background: The quality and efficacy of culinary herbs commonly practiced in Asia as a remedy for seasonal illnesses such as cold, flu, congestion, fever and inflammation, etc. The extemporaneous preparations of these culinary herbs are being formulated as traditional practice either in the form of extract, decoction, and paste etc. These culinary herbs are being practiced for curing sporadic illnesses since ancient time.
Objectives: In present study five herbs’ i.e. Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon), Carum carvi (caraway), Oreganum vulgare (oregano) and Syzygium aromaticum (clove) have been obtained from the market to assure quality of herbs in local market.
Methodology: Various quality control tests including microscopic evaluation, physico-chemical characteristics, Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) have been performed to determine their compliance with the standards. The TLC has been used for the identification of the active ingredients on comparison of their Rf values with the reference standard. FTIR Spectra of these materials have been obtained to identify and confirm structural information and assignment of functional groups.
Results: Many of the herbal samples used in this study have been complied with the available official standards as given in Pharmacopoeia. If the samples did not comply with the standards then it indicates that the sample belongs to spurious quality of raw herb, which is the prime cause that may interfere with the therapeutic efficacy and variability of outcomes.
Conclusion: This study help to provide a significant data to herbal drug manufacturers for authentication of commercially available herbs which may be used in the formulation of extemporaneous or commercially available herbal medicine.
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Ahmad, Islamudin, Rissyelly Rissyelly, Agus Kurniawan, and Abdul Munim. "SCREENING OF EXTRACTION METHOD FOR ALKALOID ENRICHMENT OF PEPEROMIA PELLUCIDA (L.) KUNTH." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i7.18426.
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Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of extraction method modification of Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth herbs for alkaloid enrichment and thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile.Methods: The dried herbs were extracted with six different methods (including; method A, B, C, D, and E). The obtained extract solution was evaporated and was analyzed. Alkaloid content identified using Dragendorff spray reagent. The gravimetric method was used to determine of total alkaloid, and TLC profile was analyzed using a densitometer at a wavelength of 254 nm and 366 nm.Results: The results showed a difference from all modification of extraction method for alkaloid enrichment and their TLC profile. The use of eluent dichloromethane (DCM):methanol (95:5) was potential for isolation of the compound. From whole extraction methods, only one that tested positive for alkaloids was method A. Total alkaloids in DCM fraction amounted to 29.59 mg/g piperine.Conclusion: Based on the above results, method A can be applied for isolation of alkaloid compound from this herb.
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Permatasari, Desy Ayu Irma, Novita Kurniasri, and Muladi Putra Mahardika. "Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Dexamethasone in Rheumatic Pain Herbal Medicine Using Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) – Densitometry." Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science 2, no. 1 (August 25, 2021): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jfaps.v2i1.12450.
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Chemical medicine is chemical substances that is used as the main ingredient of chemical drugs. This compound is usually added to herbal medicine preparation to strengthen the indication of the traditional medicine.Chemical medicine was prohibited from being added to traditional medicinal preparations. But in reality, a lot of medicinal herbs could have contained medicinal chemicals on the market sale. This purpose of this research was to know the chemical contamination of the dexamethasone also the concentration contained in the rheumatic pain herbal medicine. This research was used three kind of rheumatic pain herbal medicine sample to identify dexamethasone, the sample code is S1, S2, and S3. The analysis of qualitative method are organoleptic test, FTIR characteristic test, TLC evaluation. The analysis of quantitative were purposed to know the dexamethasone concentration contained on the rheumatic pain herbal medicine using TLC-Densitometric method. The result show that the three sample of rheumathic pain herbal medicine were contaminated by dexamethasone chemical medicine. Based on organoleptic test, the results show color, smell, and taste. Characterization of the dexamethasone using FTIR were to know functional groups of dexamethasone contained in the rheumatic pain herbal medicine sample, the functional groups of the sample S1, S2, and S3 were compared to dexamethasone standard. To identify of TLC method, obtained Rf value of dexamethasone standard and the sample, visualizing a stain color purple-fluorescence on the UV 254 nm. The analysis of quantitative dexamethasone concentration using TLC-Densitometric showed the presence of dexamethasone in the sample for S1, S2 and S3. The concetration of dexamethasone obtained of sample S1, S2, S3 were 1014.64 µg/g ; 131.15 µg/g ; 135.54 µg/g respectively.
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AuliaFendri, Novycha, Rosidah, Yuandani, Sri Suryani, and Denny Satria. "The Immunomodulatory Activities of Picria Fel-Terrae Lour Herbs towards RAW 264.7 Cells." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.017.
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AIM: To investigate immunomodulatory activities of Picria fel-terrae Lour herbs extract against inflammatory biomarkers by conducting cell culture experiments.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The herbs of Picria fel-terrae Lour were dried and extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, 96% ethanol, followed by evaporation and freeze-drying. Phytochemicals screening were analysed with thin layer chromatography method. Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. The genes of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-1β and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages were analysed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method.
RESULTS: Phytochemicals screening showed the presence of steroids in n-hexane extract (ENPFH) and flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins in ethyl acetate (EEAPFH) and ethanol (EEPFH) extracts. The Viability of RAW 264.7 cell toward ENPFH, EEAPFH, and EEPFH (1-200 μgmL-1) showed no toxicity effects. At the gene level, ENPFH; EEAPFH; EEPFH decreased the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 which induced with LPS (1 μgmL-1).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that extracts of Picria fel-terrae Lour Herbs possesses immunomodulatory activities by inhibiting selected inflammatory biomarkers at the gene levels in LPS-induced macrophages.
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Maimaiti, Zulipiya, Ablajan Turak, Qing Ling Ma, Geyu Liu, and Haji Akbar Aisa. "Quantitative Determination of Marker Compounds and Fingerprint Analysis of the Seeds of Vernonia anthelmintica." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2020 (October 30, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8859425.
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In traditional Chinese medicine, the seeds of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. have been widely used for treatment of cough, skin diseases, diarrhea, fever, schistosomiasis, amoebic dysentery, and gastrointestinal problems, especially in the treatment of vitiligo for thousands of years in China. In this study, an effective, reliable, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was developed for quantitative analysis of 3 marker bioactive compounds and chemical fingerprint of the seeds of V. anthelmintica. Data corresponding to common peak areas and HPLC chromatographic fingerprints were analyzed by exploratory hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to extract information of the most significant variables contributing to characterization and classification of the analyzed samples. Based on variety and origin, the high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method validated the chemical fingerprint results used to screen the in vitro antioxidant activity of V. anthelmintica. The results show that the developed method has potential application values for the quality consistency evaluation and identification of similar instant V. anthelmintica samples. When considered collectively, this research results provide a scientific basis for the improvement of standardization and specification of V. anthelmintica medicinal materials and provide a pathway for the development and utilization of references for the identification of V. anthelmintica herbs.
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Yadav, Vijay Kumar, Raghuveer Irchhiaya, and A. K. Ghosh. "PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES OF ANOGEISSUS ACUMINATA." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-A (August 30, 2019): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-a.3507.
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Medicinal plants are one of the oldest valuable sources of medicine provide by nature to mankind. Medicinal plants are one of the important sources of research of new drugs. Many medicinal plants and herbs hold their prestigious position in the field of natural medicine among which Anogeissus acuminata belonging to family Combretaceae was vital one.
In the present study was intended to evaluate various physicochemical, phytochemical standards like TLC, HPTLC and Pharmacognostic parameters which will be helpful to ensure the purity, safety and efficacy of the medicinal plant.
Anogeissus acuminata was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, done to estimate as foreign organic matter, morphological evaluation. Total ash values, physicochemical, Thin layer chromatography (TLC), HPTLC phytochemical analysis and secondary metabolites present in the plant were investigated for the extract.
All physiochemical properties were found within the measureable amount as foreign organic matter less than 1% w/w, Total ash values was 12 % w/w with respect to air-dried crude drug. Moisture content was 3.074. Thin layer chromatography (TLC), HPTLC studies were carried for the better isolation and identification of the different components of ethanolic extract. HPTLC carried out in the solvent system - Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Acetic acid (4:3:1). The report of HPTLC indicates the presence of sixteen spots. Preliminary phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids glycosides, tannins and phenolic compounds.
KEYWORDS: TLC, HPTLC, Phytochemical characterization, Anogeissus acuminata
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Zheng, Tian-Jiao, Xianlong Cheng, Linchun Wan, Yan Shi, Feng Wei, and Shuang-Cheng Ma. "Differentiation of Various Snake Bile Derived from Different Genus by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0304.
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Abstract Background: Snake bile originates from nearly 20 species from three families (Elapidae, Colubridae, and Viperidae). However, the components of various snake bile were not compared with one another. Objecive: The aim of the study was to develop a TLC-MS method for differentiation of various snake bile derived from a different genus. Method: As a type of traditional identification method for Chinese herbs, TLC has considerable advantages as a multicomponent separation system. Results: In this paper, TLC was used to separate the components in snake bile. It was found that the snake bile from Colubridae family and Cobra species is different from the others using TLC. The molecular formulas of the bands were elucidated with TLC coupled with quadrupole–time-of-flight–MS by the TLC-MS interface. Two bands on the plate were identified with the reference substance, and the other three bands were analyzed by the TLC-MS method without the reference substance. The corresponding molecular formulas of these bands were given according to accurate molecular weights. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that the proposed method is reliable, and it has been successfully applied to the identification of snake bile samples.
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Gu, Xiaoling, Yang Jin, Fang Dong, Yueqing Cai, Zhengyi You, Junhui You, Liying Zhang, and Shuhu Du. "Toward rapid analysis, forecast and discovery of bioactive compounds from herbs by jointly using thin layer chromatography and ratiometric surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy technique." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 153 (May 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.016.
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Sivagurunathan, Saravana Kumar, and Gayathri Krishnamoorthy. "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC AND HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF VETIVERIA ZIZANIOIDES L. ROOT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.18088.
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Objective: Scientific evaluation of traditionally using medicinal herbs for their pharmacological activity is a leading and valuable area of research. The aim of this study is to compare the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extract of Vetiveria zizanioides root and analyze the major bioactive compounds present in those extracts. Methods: Antimicrobial activity of both ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts was carried out against various pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. A number of active compounds present in both extracts were compared by developing different compounds of the sample in high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) stationary phase using mobile phase petroleum ether:ethyl acetate:toluene:formic acid (5:5:1:1). Results: Ethanolic extract acts against pathogens such as S. aureus and MRSA, significantly (p<0.05) potent than that of hydroalcoholic extract. Significant difference has not been observed between ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extract when acts against P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. HPTLC profile of hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extract shows the presence of 10 and 14 different compounds, respectively, when developed with the same mobile phase. Gallic acid, a phenolic compound, was found to be present with higher % peak area in hydroalcoholic extract (3.25%) against ethanolic extract (2.98%). Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that zone of inhibition exhibited by both ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts was found to be different with dissimilar pathogens. A more number of compounds were eluted from hydroalcoholic extract than ethanolic extract.
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Umniyatul, Dewi, and Dwi Kurniawati Sambodo. "Identifikasi Sediaan Jamu Kuat yang Beredar di Kecamatan Banguntapan dan Pleret Kabupaten Bantul dengan Metode KLT." Surya Medika: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan dan Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 14, no. 2 (November 4, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32504/sm.v14i2.133.
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Background: Traditional herbs are ingredients or herbs in the form of plant material, animal ingredients, mineral ingredients, galenic preparations or mixtures of these ingredients, it has been used as medicine traditionally.Objective: This study is aimed to Identify of Sildenafil Citrate on “Jamu Kuat” (Herbal Medicine) products.Methods: This type of research was descriptive and the sample was determined by quota sampling. The method used Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) which was a physicochemical method. There were seven samples were extracted by the soxhletation method until a thick extract was obtained to be spotted in the quite phase of TLC silica gel F254. The motion phase used to identify sildenafil citrate was chloroform: ethyl acetate (6: 4). Spots detection was done by observation under UV light 366 nm and the spots that appeared were calculated of Rf value and compared with the comparable Rf value of sildenafil citrate.Results: From this study, there were samples containing sildenafil citrate. Sample C with a sample Rf value of 0.75 and sample D with Rf value of sample 0.78 and a comparable Rf of sildenafil citrate 0.77.Conclusion: The seven samples of “Jamu Kuat” contained sildenafil citrate in Banguntapan and Pleret Districts, Bantul Regency. Keywords: Jamu Kuat (Herbal Medicine), Sildenafil citrate, TLC
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Kovač-Bešović, Elvira E., and Kemal Durić. "Thin layer chromatography-application in qualitative analysis on presence of coumarins and flavonoids in plant material." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 3, no. 3 (August 20, 2003): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2003.3523.
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Drugs, natural medicinal plant, animals and mineral materials, have a large and various application in official pharmacy and medicine. Carriers of multilateral pharmacological effects that those drugs shown, are chemically define as active components that are present in them. Methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis are used for the chemical investigation of components that drugs contain. Method of thin layer chromatography has been shown as very reliable. According to the chemical investigation of single drugs, it is possible to define a group of compound or single compound comparing them with standards. Relating to the usage of method of thin layer chromatography, it has been carried out investigation on presence of coumarinsand flavonoids in domestic plant material that have wide everyday usage. Coumarins and flavonoids from the point of view of chemical belonging are phenol derivatives with important pharmacological effects. Applying method of thin layerchromatography, it is detected presence of coumarins and flavonoids substances in plant material that has been tested. Anethi graveolens fructus et folium (fruit and leaf of dill), Anethum graveolens L., Apiaceae, Avenae sativae fructus (fruit of oats), Avena sativa L., Poaceae and Asperulae odoratae herba (sweet woodruff), Asperula odorata L., Rubiaceae. Chromatograms are developed in systems cyclohexane-ethylacetat (13:7) and toluene-ether (1:1) saturated with 10% acetic acid, and visualisation by observing on UV lamp (254 and 366 nm), spraying with reagents KOH (10% ethanol solution) and diphenylboryloxyethylamine (1% methanol solution).
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Singh, Arjun, Sarada Ota, Narayan Srikanth, Ruknuddin Galib, Sreedhar Bojja, and Kartar Sing Dhiman. "Application of Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Methods for Chemical Characterization of an Ayurvedic Herbo-Mineral Preparation: Maha Yograja Guggulu." Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 23 (January 1, 2018): 215658721775176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587217751761.
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Rasa Shastra is an exclusive branch of ayurveda that uses processed metals and minerals in various combinations. Though the formulations are time tested, safety and quality concerns are being raised since the past two decades. In view of this, it becomes mandatory to generate quality control profiles of such formulations by following available parameters. Considering this, we attempted to develop standard manufacturing procedures of Maha Yogaraja Guggulu and generate preliminary physicochemical profiles using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The results from high-performance thin-layer chromatography revealed presence of organic constituents from plant material. X-ray diffraction indicated that the prepared drug contained cinnabar (mercury sulfide; Rasa sindhura), cassiterite (tin oxide; Vanga bhasma), litharge (lead oxide; Naga bhasma), and iron dioxide and magnetite (di-iron oxide; Loha and Mandura bhasma). The observations of the present study are preliminary and first of its kind that may be considered as baseline data for future studies.
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Fatimah, Siti, Muji Rahayu, and Debi Firma Indari. "Analisis Antalgin dalam Jamu Pegal Linu yang Dijual di Pasar Beringharjo Yogyakarta." Journal of Health 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30590/vol4-no1-p29-34.
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Background: Traditional medicine is an ingredient or ingredients in the form of plant material, animal material, mineral materials, preparation essence (galenic), or mixtures of these materials that have historically been used for treatment, and can be applied according to the prevailing norms in society. Traditional medicine is often chosen as a remedy for health care is herbal, because herbal medicine is a health drink. Chemicals drugs were added by the makers of herbal medicine with the intent may be to increase the efficacy of herbal medicine and herbal medicine provide more instant effect, it is becoming a source of danger herbs. BPOM many find herbs aching pains who defiled chemical medicines like phenylbutazone, methampyrone, diclofenac sodium, piroxicam, paracetamol, prednisone, or dexamethasone. Chemicals a drug it is set in PERMENKES 007 of 2012.
Methods: This research is to describe the whether or not of chemicals in the antalgin sold in the Beringharjo traditional market Yogyakarta. The method used to test the lab using thin layer chromatography. Research data presented in terms of percent.
Results: Research is obtained value Rf sample 0.63 until 0.8 one sampel having the value Rf and fluorescence equal to standard methampyrone. Value Rf standard methampyrone 0,78 and red purple fluorescence.
Conclusion: There are methampyrone in herbal medicine aching pains sold in the Beringharjo traditional market to a presentation positive results as many 8.3% and negative results 91.7%.
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Sharma, Swati, Dileep Singh Baghel, Saurabh Singh, and Sachin Kumar Singh. "DOSAGE FORM DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIKANTAKADI KVATHA." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 16 (September 16, 2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s4.21336.
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Objective: This is aimed to study the development of different dosage form and physicochemical characterization of Trikantakadi Kvatha (TK).Methods: Stability, shelf life, non-convenient, and large dosages administration are the major concern for Kvatha. To overcome these problems, an effort has been made to modify the formulation without changing its efficacy into various dosage forms such as tablet, syrup, and tincture. Comparative pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and phytochemical parameters of crude herbs and prepared formulations were investigated. TK was prepared by classical method mentioned in literature and converted into TK syrup, TK Ghana vati, and Trikantakadi tincture (TT). Precaution should be taken during the processing of formulations. TT placed at a dark place in airtight container.Results: Physicochemical and phytochemical investigations are not shown any remarkable variations with various prepared dosage forms. The Rf range observed between the 0.08 and 0.80 follows the standard value when compared with the reference of plant drug used for the preparation of dosage form.Conclusion: The prepared dosages forms were not exhibited any remarkable difference according to thin-layer chromatography studies and physicochemical parameters. However, the developed dosage forms are more stable than kvatha.
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Wong, Yee Ching, and Haziqah A. Razak. "EXTRACTION OF CRUDE ESSENTIAL FROM SENNA ALATA (POKOK GELENGGANG)." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 11, no. 10 (December 17, 2016): 3794–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v11i10.2179.
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Senna alata was one of the herbs plants that can be used to treat the ringworm in traditional method. In this study, the senna alata was scientifically tested to prove the traditional medicinal used. Six forms of extract were extracted by using soxhlet apparatus and continued with the appropriate methods that can extract the chemical compound of anthraquinone. The six forms of extraction included anthraquinone aglycone, anthraquinone glycoside, anthraquinone aglycone from glycoside, anthraquinone from crude absolute ethanol, anthraqunone from crude n-hexane and anthraquinone from crude ethanol 70%. The extraction of six forms of anthraquinone extract as antifungal was observed by tested with two types of fungi; Tricophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum. The extraction from crude absolute ethanol and crude n-hexane to inhibit these fungi were compared to determine which type of solvent was the best to use for inhibition. This test was implemented by using well-diffusion and broth microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The present of six forms of anthraquinone was examined by using Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC).
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Soldatov, A. S., N. V. Nesterova, and N. V. Biryukova. "Qualitative analysis of the herb fagopyrum sagittatum gilib grown in pot culture." Farmacevticheskoe delo i tehnologija lekarstv (Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology), no. 4 (July 29, 2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-13-2004-03.
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This article is devoted to the phytochemical study of fresh and dried samples of buckwheat grass, the preparation of which was carried out from plants cultivated in pot culture using pharmacopoeial qualitative reactions. The presence of tannins and flavonoids was identified, and using the method of thin-layer chromatography, using GSO Rutin, rutin was identified, which allows us to consider potted buckwheat culture as a promising source of rutin production.
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Ankli, Anita, Eike Reich, and Mario Steiner. "Rapid High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method for Detection of 5 Adulteration of Black Cohosh with Cimicifuga foetida, C. heracleifolia, C. dahurica, or C. americana." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, no. 6 (November 1, 2008): 1257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.6.1257.
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Abstract Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) is used to treat discomfort during menopause and as a substitute for synthetic drugs in hormone replacement therapy. The mostly wildcrafted plant is ranked among the top-selling herbs in the United States. There is a risk for adulteration with the similar-looking C. americana, which grows in the same habitats of the eastern United States. Other adulterants found in today's global marketplace are the 3 Asian Cimicifuga species C. foetida, C. heracleifolia, and C. dahurica. A very practical, rapid, and reliable high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for identification of C. racemosa and detection of its most common adulterants by fingerprint profiles. With specific derivatization reagents, mixtures of C. racemosa with a minimum of 5 of one of the adulterants can be detected. The proposed method was validated with respect to specificity, stability, precision, and robustness. It can be used for quality control of black cohosh raw material in a current Good Manufacturing Practices environment.
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Virk, Jaswinder Kaur, Vikas Gupta, Mukesh Maithani, Ravindra K. Rawal, Sanjiv Kumar, Ranjit Singh, and Parveen Bansal. "Isolation of Sinapic Acid from Habenaria intermedia D. Don: A New Chemical Marker for the Identification of Adulteration and Substitution." Current Traditional Medicine 6, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2215083804666181030101709.
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Background: Vriddhi is one of the Rasayana herbs in Ayurveda broadly used in vitality, strengthening Ayurvedic formulations. To fulfill steeply increased demand and declined supply, tubers have been collected in destructive manner resulting in reduced plant population and pushing the plant in Red list of IUCN endangered species. However, manufacturers are using substitutes and other substandard drugs leading to adulteration which puts the importance of therapeutically rich herbal plants at stake. Lack of chemical markers is the main inability of regulatory authorities for not taking any action against this adulteration. Objective: Isolation of chemical marker of plant that can be used as a reference compound for identification of unauthorized substitution. Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic and toluene extract of H. intermedia D. Don was done using standard methods followed by column chromatography for the isolation of phytoconstituents. A total of 3004 fractions were collected with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profiling and different fractions were pooled. A single compound was isolated and confirmed by chemical test, melting point, spectral analysis and compared with the literature. Results: Phytochemical screening of extracts shows the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolics. A pure white crystalline powder was isolated by column chromatography which was characterized as 3,5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxycinnamic acid (Sinapic acid) with the help of IR and Mass spectroscopy. Conclusion: This is the first report of Sinapic acid as a novel compound from Vriddhi, Habenaria genus and Orchidaceae family. It can be used as a marker for the identification of unauthorized substitution and adulteration claiming the use of Vriddhi.
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UNGUREAN, CORNELIA, RAHELA CARPA, RAMONA CÂMPEAN, MARIA CORNELIA MAIOR, and NELI-KINGA OLAH. "Phytochemical and microbial analyses of Berberis sp. extracts." Romanian Biotechnological Letters 25, no. 6 (October 18, 2020): 2132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25083/rbl/25.6/2132.2139.
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In the near past the use of herbs for health enhanced and scientists are studying new anti-microbial phytochemicals. Although plants have a wide variety of secondary metabolites, very few are still used as antimicrobial. This study performes phytochemical and antibacterial analysis of ethanolic extracts from Berberis vulgaris and Berberis aquifolium. Extracts were prepared from stem and root bark of Berberis sp. with 70% ethanol. After obtaining the plant extracts qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis were performed through spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography, reversed phase HPLC and UV-VIS spectra. The results showed that B. aquifolium extract has a bigger concentration of alkaloids (5.555%) than B. vulgaris extract (4.161%). The analysis from reversed phase HPLC showed that berberine concentration in B. aquifolium is 0.515 mg/ml and in B. vulgaris extract is 1.369 mg/ml, so in oregon grape is found a smaller concentration of berberine than in common barberry. The plant extracts were tested on Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) bacteria. We found inhibition between 10-12 mm on S. aureus and on E. coli between 8-10 mm. The extracts exhibited a stronger activity versus S. aureus, which demonstrates that berberine extracts are usefull in treatment of infections.
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Jadhao, Shraddha, Asha Thomas, Amol Raje, Shatrughna Nagrik, Lata Kothapalli, and Aaftab Shaikh. "Herb-Drug Interaction of Quercetin on the Pharmacokinetics of Losartan in Rats: A High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Study." JPC - Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC 32, no. 5 (October 2019): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1006.2019.32.5.8.
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MIRCEA (ARSENE), Cristina Cerasela, Oana CIOANCĂ, Lucia DRAGHIA, and Monica HĂNCIANU. "Morphological Characteristics, Phenolic and Terpenoid Profiles in Garden Chrysanthemum Grown in Different Nutritional Conditions." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, no. 2 (December 10, 2015): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha43210060.
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Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Moul) became useful as herbs and curatives in different parts of the world. In the current study, the chemical profile of outdoor cultivated Chrysanthemum indicum ‘Avalone Red’ was investigated for polyphenolic acid derivatives, flavonoids, alantolactone and ursolic acid using thin layer chromatography(TLC). Total phenolic content was determined through a classical method and semiquantitative analyses of alantolactone were performed through the HPLC method. Morphological and yield parameters and the chemical profile of plants were registered in two different nutritional statuses (local and enriched soil conditions). The results indicate that the studiedcultivar is a potent source of phenolics and that the fertilisation increases the plant biosynthetic capacity for polyphenols (159.74 mg/100 g in leaves and 79.82 mg/100 g in flowers, in unfertilised plants, and 388.54 mg/100 g and 144.86 mg/100 g in leaves and flowers of fertilised plants, respectively, expressed as gallic acid equivalent value). The studied cultivar contains hyperoside (and other derivatives) and four main polyphenol carboxylic acids (including chlorogenic acid). Ursolic acid wasnot detected. The high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses confirmed the presence of alantolactone identified in TLC chromatogram. Moreover, the fertilised plant samples contain only traces of alantolactone compared to the unfertilised plants. Alantolactone is present in a small amount (less than 0.1 mg %) but its presence alerts to the potential allergenic effect of the plant. Besides their ornamental value, chrysanthemums can have a wide array of uses due to their high amounts of bioactive compounds.
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TODORAN, Mihai, Liana HANGA, and Daniela BENEDEC. "Phytochemical analysis of herbal teas containing caffeic acid." Romania Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice 57, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjphp.2021.2.3.
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Objectives. The present analysis was to investigate the content of caffeic acid derivatives, antioxidant activity, and the presence of caffeic acid in alcoholic extracts obtained from 16 simple teas from the following medicinal plants: Vaccinium mуrtilluѕ, Camеllia ѕinеnѕiѕ, Coffea arabica, Mеlіssa οffіcіnalіs, Οcіmum basіlіcum, Rοsmarіnus οffіcіnalіs, Salvіa οffіcіnalіs, Ηyssοрus οffіcіnalіs, Αrtеmіsіa absіntһіum, Cynara scοlymus, Calendula officinalis, Cοrіandrum satіvum, Fοеnіculum vulgarе, Carum carvі, Rοsa canіna, Crataеgus mοnοgyna. Materials and methods. The presence of caffeic acid was evaluated using the thin layer chromatography method (TLC). The total content of phenylpropanoids from the medicinal herbs alcoholic extracts was determined using a spectrophotometric method. Outcomes. Results were in the range of 0.046-2.426% caffeic acid derivatives (CAE%). The antioxidant properties were measured using the DPPH radical scavenging mechanism. The results were found to be in the range of 63.93% and 0.38% inhibition level (I%). The greatest antioxidant activity was measured for Camellia sinensis (I = 45.54%), followed by Vaccinium myrtillus (I = 50.289%). Conclusions. In this paper it was shown that these medicinal plants are rich in caffeic acid derivatives with antioxidant action capitalized in the prevention of serious diseases.
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Linh, Le Nguyen Tu, Vu Quang Dao, Bui Dinh Thach, Trinh Thi Ben, Tran Thi Linh Giang, and Le Kim Thach. "A contribution to the establishment of extract standards from the leaves of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17/3/14053.
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Nowadays, herbs have become a popular form of healthcare. Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau (family Acanthaceae) is popular in Asia, especially in the tropical countries. Extracts of C. nutans leaves are widely used to treat diseases of skin, anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, wound healing and analgesic activities, etc. This study determined the parameters of ethanol extract of C. nutans leaves including pH, total weight loss due to water, total ash content, heavy metal content, microbiological limits, pesticide residual content, presence and contents of C-flavones. The C-flavones such as shaftoside, orientin, isovitexin and vitexin have been found to be major flavonoids in the leaves of this plant. Therefore, we had used a two-step method using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the rapid identification and quantification of the flavones C-glycosides in ethanol extract C. nutans leaves. These results provided useful information for the evaluation of quality of C. nutans raw materials and its commercial products. Moreover, that contributed to the establishment of extract standard from the leaves of C. nutans. The parameters of the ethanol extract of C. nutans leaves were obtained as follows: pH (5,23 ± 0,35), total weight loss due to water (15,62 ± 0,25%), total ash (13,85 ± 0,98%), microbiological limits are achieved the requirement of medicinal standards, content heavy metal and residue of pesticide are not detected. Contents of C-flavones: shaftoside (0,69 ± 0,04 mg/g), orientin (0,24 ± 0,008 mg/g), isovitexin (0,015 ± 0,003 mg/g), vitexin were very low or undetectable.
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Fecka, Izabela. "Development of Chromatographic Methods for Determination of Agrimoniin and Related Polyphenols in Pharmaceutical Products." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.2.410.
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Abstract Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography (LC) methods were developed for the qualitative and quantitative determination of agrimoniin, pedunculagin, ellagic acid, gallic acid, and catechin in selected herbal medicinal products from Rosaceae: Anserinae herba, Tormentillae rhizoma, Alchemillae herba, Agrimoniae herba, and Fragariae folium. Unmodified silica gel (TLC Si60, HPTLC LiChrospher Si60) and silica gel chemically modified with octadecyl or aminopropyl groups (HPTLC RP18W and HPTLC NH2) were used for TLC. The best resolution and selectivity were achieved with the following mobile phases: diisopropyl etheracetoneformic acidwater (40 30 20 10, v/v/v/v), tetrahydrofuranacetonitrilewater (30 10 60, v/v/v), and acetoneformic acid (60 40, v/v). Concentrations of the studied herbal drugs were determined by using a Chromolith Performance RP-18e column with acetonitrilewaterformic acid as the mobile phase. Determinations of linearity, range, detection and quantitation limits, accuracy, precision, and robustness showed that the HPLC method was sufficiently precise for estimation of the tannins and related polyphenols mentioned above. Investigations of suitable solvent selection, sample extraction procedure, and short-time stability of analytes at storage temperatures of 4 and 20C were also performed. The percentage of agrimoniin in pharmaceutical products was between 0.57 and 3.23.
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Bazylko, Agnieszka, Anna K. Kiss, and Józef Kowalski. "High-performance thin-layer chromatography method for quantitative determination of oenothein B and quercetin glucuronide in aqueous extract of Epilobii angustifolii herba." Journal of Chromatography A 1173, no. 1-2 (November 2007): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.019.
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Yang, Ya-Jun, Xi-Wang Liu, Xiao-Jun Kong, Zhe Qin, Zeng-Hua Jiao, Shi-Hong Li, and Jian-Yong Li. "Preparation and Evaluation of Oseltamivir Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Silica Gel as Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phase." Molecules 23, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081881.
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To improve the chromatographic performance of an oseltamivir (OS) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), silica gel coated with an MIP layer for OS (OSMIP@silica gel) was prepared by the surface molecular imprinting technology on the supporter of porous silica gel microspheres. A nonimprinted polymer with the silica gel (NIP@silica gel) was also prepared for comparison. The obtained particles were characterized through FT–IR, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area analysis, and porosity measurements. The results indicated that the polymer was successfully synthesized and revealed the structural differences between imprinted and nonimprinted polymers. The results of static adsorption experiments showed that adsorption quantity of the OSMIP@silica gel for OS was higher than that for NIP@silica gel, and the OSMIP@silica gel had two kinds of affinity sites for OS but the NIP@silica gel had one. The chromatographic performance of the OSMIP@silica gel column had significant improvement. The imprinting factor of the OSMIP@silica gel column for OS was 1.64. Furthermore, the OSMIP@silica gel column showed good affinity and selectivity for template OS and another neuraminidase inhibitor, peramivir, but not for quinocetone. These results indicated that the prepared OSMIP could be used to simulate the activity center of neuraminidase, and the OSMIP@silica gel column could be also employed in future studies to search for more active neuraminidase inhibitor analogues from traditional Chinese herbs.
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Althagafi, Alisraa Mohammed, Hamad Majob Alshegifi, Thamer Salem Qussyier, Mansour Tobaiqy, and Mariod Abdalbasit. "Mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed in Saudi Arabia: review of occurrence and toxicity." Foods and Raw Materials 9, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2021-1-174-183.
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Introduction. Mycotoxins are reported to have a considerable impact on the health of consumers. There has been plentiful research into the effects of mycotoxins, fungi, and bacteria on the safety and quality of food and feed. This research paper reviews the literature on mycotoxins.
Study objects and methods. The study focused on mycotoxins in food and feed produced in Saudi Arabia. We reviewed literature on the occurrence and health impacts of foodborne mycotoxins. We also studied the presence of mycotoxins in herbs, nuts, cereals, dried fruits and vegetables, infant formulas and baby foods, as well as dairy products. Finally, the paper offers a review of mycotoxin analysis methods.
Results and discussion. The findings showed that mycotoxins attract a lot of scientific interest in Saudi Arabia. Certain types of mycotoxins (zearalenone, aflatoxins) and fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Aspergillus niger) were common in the samples (isolates) of products tested in the Saudi regions. Furthermore, the researchers used different techniques of analysis such as the HPLC method, dilution plate method, thin layer chromatography, total plate count method, and seed-plate method to detect, identify, and isolate mycotoxins.
Conclusion. Most importantly, the results showed that mycotoxins have serious health impacts on consumers and most of the contamination cases are caused by improper storage conditions and/or inappropriate handling and harvesting practices.
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Antipova, Ekaterina Alekseevna, and Elena Anatolyevna Leites. "DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENT OF XANTONS AND THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE SUPERTHE EARTH AND EXTRACT IRIS LACTEA PALL." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (May 17, 2019): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019024011.
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Iris lactea Pall (milky-white iris) belongs to the genus Iris L. of the Corridaceae family Iridaceae. In the form of an herb or an extract of Iris lactea Pall is found in some dietary supplements, it is included in the Alpizarin ointment, used as an antiviral agent. The use of antiviral drugs of plant origin is the safest method of treatment, given that about 90% of the population is affected by herpes. Data on the elemental composition of herbs and extracts of Iris lactea Pall are absent in the literature.
The purpose of the work is to determine the content of xanthones and the elemental composition of the herb and the dry extract of Iris lactea Pall.
The article presents the results of the determination of the main groups of active substances. The quantitative content of Cu, Fe, Ca, Co, Ti, Se, V, P, B, Na, Mg, K, Al, Ba, Sb, Ag, Sr, Sn, Mo, was determined by the method of atomic emission spectrometry with an ionically coupled plasma. Ni, Cd, Pb, As, Zn, Be, Mn, Cr, while the content of heavy metals and arsenic in the grass and extract does not exceed their maximum allowable content in medicinal herbal preparations. The following methods were determined by thin layer chromatography: Xanthone alpizarin and flavonoids rutin and quercetin. The method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of alpizarin and related xanthones.
According to the developed method for the determination of xanthones by the HPLC method proposed in this article, the highest content of xanthones, in terms of alpizarin, is in the grass milky white – 1.14%, and in the dry extract – 1.79%.
Milk-White Iris extract and herb are a promising source for the development of drugs that suppress the reproduction of the herpes simplex virus and its subtypes.
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Alam, Aftab, Rita Singh Majumdar, and Pravej Alam. "Development of HPTLC method for determination of α-terpinyl acetate, and evaluation of antioxidant properties of essential oils in Elettaria cardamomum." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18, no. 10 (July 5, 2021): 2139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v18i10.20.
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Purpose: To develop a simple and reliable protocol for high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) quantification of α-terpinyl acetate in oils extracted from Elettaria cardamomum, and to study relative antioxidant potential of oils obtained from three varieties of fruits of E. cardamomum.
Methods: Essential oil was extracted separately from the fruits of three varieties of E. cardamomum, viz, Valley-green, Palakuzhi, and ICRI-2, using hydro-distillation method. In the development of an HPTLC method, standard α-terpinyl acetate was subjected to chromatography on aluminium-backed silica gel 60 F254 plates using a mobile phase of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (8:2, v/v), and quantified at 665 nm through densitometric analysis. The antioxidant property of essential oil of each cultivar was determined with respect to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, as well as ferric reducing assay.
Results: The developed HPTLC method showed a good resolution for α-terpinyl acetate, with Rf of 0.64 ± 0.01, and also showed good linearity of the calibration plots (r2 = 0.9982). The HPTLC method was validated as per ICH guidelines, and used for the determination of α-terpinyl acetate in the essential oils. The valley green variety of E. cardamomum had the highest content of α-terpinyl acetate (55.36 ± 1.33 %w/w). The inhibitory capacity (IC50 value) for the oil of valley green variety as determined using DPPH and ABTS methods was 378.2 and 19.87 μg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion: The proposed HPTLC method is suitable for routine analysis of α-terpinyl acetate in medicinal herbs, and it reveals the role of α-terpinyl acetate in the antioxidant efficacy of cardamom oil.
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Fedoseeva, L. M., and Yu I. Chistova. "Identification of phenolic compounds of dry extract of dandelion herb and large burdock leaf tea." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 18, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2019-18-2-73-77.
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The purpose of this work is to study of phenolic compounds in the dry extract of dandelion herb and large burdock leaf tea.Materials and methods . The separation and identification of phenolic compounds of dry extract of dandelion herb and large burdock leaf tea by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-detectionhas been carried out.Results . As a result of research, it has been established that during TLC the optimal system for the separation of phenolic compounds is the ethyl acetate – formic acid – water system (10:2:3). On the chromatogram four spots were found corresponding to the value of Rf and fluorescence in UV-light to flavonoids of the flavone group and phenolic acids (chlorogenic and caffeic acids). For further identification of phenolic compounds using HPLC, eight peaks were found, which in terms of retention time and spectral characteristics correspond to phenologlycosides, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid derivatives, ferulic acid, umbelliferone.Conclusions . Thus, the dry extract of dandelion herb and large burdock leaf tea contains hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives, compounds of coumarin nature, phenologlycosides.
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Mohammed, Muthanna J., Uttpal Anand, Ammar B. Altemimi, Vijay Tripathi, Yigong Guo, and Anubhav Pratap-Singh. "Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Antibacterial Activity of White Wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba)." Plants 10, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010164.
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Artemisia herba-alba Asso. (Wormwood) is a wild aromatic herb that is popular for its healing and medicinal effects and has been used in conventional as well as modern medicine. This research aimed at the extraction, identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds in the aerial parts of wormwood using Soxhlet extraction, as well as characterizing their antimicrobial and anitoxidant effects. The phenolic compounds were identified in different extracts by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and high performance liquid chromatography. Five different fractions, two from ethyl acetate extraction and three from ethanolic extraction were obtained and evaluated further. The antimicrobial activity of each fractions was evaluated against two Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) using the disc-diffusion assay and direct TLC bioautography assay. Fraction I inhibited B. cereus and P. vulgaris, Fraction II inhibited B. cereus and E. coli, Fraction III inhibited all, except for P. vulgaris, while Fractions IV and V did not exhibit strong antimicrobial effects. Their antioxidant capabilities were also measured by calculating their ability to scavenge the free radical using DPPH method and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Ethanolic fractions III and V demonstrated excellent antioxidant properties with IC50 values less than 15.0 μg/mL, while other fractions also had IC50 values less than 80.0 μg/mL. These antioxidant effects were highly associated with the number of phenolic hydroxyl group on the phenolics they contained. These extracts demonstrated antimicrobial effects, suggesting the different phenolic compounds in these extracts had specific inhibitory effects on the growth of each bacteria. The results of this study suggested that the A. herba-alba can be a source of phenolic compounds with natural antimicrobial and antioxidant properties which can be used for potential pharmaceutical applications.
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Mata, Shweta P., D. B. Vaghela, K. S. Dhiman, C. R. Harisha, and V. J. Shukla. "Pharmacognostical and Pharmacochemical Parameters of Tablet Sutashekhara Rasa – Without Gold." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 3, no. 01 (March 31, 2015): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.3.1.10.
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Tablet Sutashekhara Rasa (TSR) is an Ayurvedic, herbo-metal formulation prescribed widely for several conditions such as Acid peptic disorders, Pain in abdomen, Haemorrhage, Mental disorders etc. On analysis of pharmcodynamics of this compound it is basically Pitta corrective drug. Ardhavabhedaka (Migraine) is also one of the clinical morbidity which is manifested by vitiated Pitta/Rakta along with Vata. The available treatment in modern medicine is use of NSAIDs, Beta-blockers etc. with only temporary relief. TSR being a Pitta corrective is used in a clinical study with new indication in Ardhavabhedaka (Migraine). Till date there is no data available regarding evaluation ofTSR. Present study an attempt to develop newer approaches for the quality control and standardization of TSR. The samples were subjected to organoleptic, physicochemical analysis and Chromatographic (HPTLC) examination by optimizing the solvent systems. The phrmacognostical study of ingredients of TSR shows the presence of Sceleriform vessel, Lignified stone cells, Bottle necked shapedstone cells etc. Pharmaceutical analysis showed that the Average weight of tablet 276mg, Average hardness of tablet 2.05 Kg/cm2 , Loss on drying 4.7904% w/w, pH value 7 and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography at 254nm and 366nm resulted into 6 spots.
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Hudz, Nataliia, Ewa Makowicz, Mariia Shanaida, Marietta Białoń, Izabela Jasicka-Misiak, Oksana Yezerska, Liudmyla Svydenko, and Piotr Paweł Wieczorek. "Phytochemical Evaluation of Tinctures and Essential Oil Obtained from Satureja montana Herb." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 4763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204763.
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Winter Savory (Satureja montana L.) has been used in traditional medicine and as a spice or natural food preservative in the Mediterranean region for centuries. In this paper, some technological and analytical aspects of the S. montana tinctures development and an evaluation of the essential oil composition are provided. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and phenolic compounds profile analyzed spectrophotometrically and by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), respectively, were evaluated in the developed tinctures. The results showed that the tinctures prepared from the S. montana herb by maceration or remaceration are rich in polyphenols, and there is an influence of the technological factors (particle size and extraction mode) on the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Caffeic, rosmarinic, and chlorogenic acids, (–)-catechin and rutin were identified in the tinctures using the HPTLC method. p-Thymol (81.79%) revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was the predominant compound of the essential oil of this plant. Thus, the high contents of polyphenols and flavonoids in the developed tinctures and p-thymol among the volatile components of the S. montana essential oil could indicate the promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these herbal preparations. The obtained results are a ground for the organization of the manufacture of the S. montana tincture and essential oil with the purpose of performing preclinical studies.
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Dubey, Sourabh, Kuntal Mitra, Bijoy Kumar De, Arijit Mondal, and Anupam Bishayee. "Effects of Paederia foetida and its Bioactive Phytochemical Constituent Lupeol on Hepatic Phase I Drug Metabolism." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 9 (September 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200906.
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There are many possible complications associated with the concomitant use of herbs and medications, but limited information is available on herb-herb or herb-drug interactions. Paederia foetida Linn. (family: Rubiaceae) is utilized in the Indian traditional medicine. It exhibits various pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, antiulcer and antioxidant activities. The purpose of the present work was to investigate the inhibitory potential of the P. foetida ethanolic extract and its bioactive constituent lupeol on hepatic phase I drug metabolizing enzymes. The high performance thin layer chromatography was performed for qualitative analysis of various extracts of P. foetida. The effects of P. foetida extract on rat liver microsomes (RLMs) and individual cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozymes (CYP3A4 and CYP2D6) were investigated using CYP450-carbon monoxide complex assay and fluorescence microplate assay, respectively. The ethanolic extract and lupeol (both at a concentration of 100 μg/mL) showed 45±3.3 and 44±3.8% inhibition of rat liver microsomes, respectively, which were significantly less than that of known inhibitor ketoconazole (74±5.4% inhibition at 100 μg/mL). The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of ethanolic extract on CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 were 78±2.3 and 82±3.1 μg/mL, respectively, whereas its major bioactive constituent lupeol has IC50 values of 83±2.0 and 84±2.6 μg/mL for CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, respectively. The results were of lesser magnitude compared to known inhibitors, ketoconazole and quinidine, respectively. The current study revealed that P. foetida has less inhibitory potential in comparison to that of known inhibitors, ketoconazole and quinidine, on two major drug metabolizing isozymes, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Thus, the use of P. foetida as a complementary or alternative medicine may be safe in regard to herb-drug interactions.
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Pundarikakshudu, Kilambi, Anil Kumar Sharma, Chaitanya J. Bhatt, and Niranjan S. Kanaki. "Development and Validation of a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Reserpine, Atropine, and Piperine in Sarpagandha Ghanvati, a Classical Ayurvedic Preparation." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 1021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0382.
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Abstract Background: Anxiety disorders are the most common of emotional disorders, affecting more than 20 million people annually. Sarpagandha Ghanvati is a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation prescribed in conditions of insomnia, hysteria, and is used as an anxiolytic agent. Standardization and quality control are the two major issues that need to be addressed for herbal formulations, especially those containing multiple herbal ingredients. Objective: An HPTLC method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of reserpine, atropine, and piperine from Sarpagandha Ghanvati containing Rauwolfia serpentine (root), Hyoscyamus niger (seed), and Piper longum (root and stem). Methods: The marker compounds were effectively resolved on a silica gel G TLC plate using toluene–ethyl acetate–diethyl amine (7+2+1, v/v) as the mobile phase. The detected wavelengths for reserpine, atropine, and piperine were 269, 220, and 254 nm, respectively. The method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Results: R. serpentine roots contained 0.82% w/w of reserpine. Atropine content in the seeds of H. niger was found to be 0.004% w/w, whereas P. longum roots were found to contain 0.508% of piperine. The method was found to be accurate, which was evident from 98.93, 99.46, and 99.10% recovery of reserpine, atropine, and piperine, respectively, when the respective herbs were spiked with them. By the developed HPTLC method, 1.0 g of Sarpagandha Ghanvati was found to contain 4.94, 0.049, and 0.318 mg of reserpine, atropine, and piperine, respectively. The recoveries of these three markers from the formulation were found to be 90.32, 92.45, and 89.97%, respectively. Conclusions: The developed method can be successfully used for simultaneous estimation of these marker compounds and for the quality control of the classical Ayurvedic formulation Sarpagandha Ghanvati. Highlights: This works describes effects of extraction solvents on the quantities of marker compounds in the formulations. It also suggests a simple and reliable HPTLC method for simultaneous quantification of three different marker compounds from a poly-herbal formulation.
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Hương, Nguyễn Thị Ngọc, Trần Hùng, and Trương Thị Đẹp. "A study on morphogenesis of roots of Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai et K.M.Feng in vitro and preliminary determination of oleanolic acid in roots." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/14/1/9291.
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Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai et K.M.Feng which belongs to the genus Panax (Araliaceae family) is an valuable medicinal herbs in Vietnam and China. In the rhizome of Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai et K.M.Feng contains many olean-type triterpenoid saponins, which can improve mental stamina and reduces risks of cancers in humans. Up to now, there is no research on the morphological changes in adventitious root formation from the rhizome of this species. In this study, the callus morphogenesis from the rhizome and the adventitious root morphogenesis from callus were analyzed. The rhizome segments 1-1.5 cm in diameter and 1 cm thick were cultured on MS medium supplemented 30 g/l sucrose, 6 g/l agar and 0.5 mg/l 2.4-D in dark. Callus formed on the surface of the rhizome after four weeks. The first cell divisions occurred in the first two weeks, in secondary cortex parenchyma cells and vascular cambium of the rhizome. 26-week-old callus with slow cell proliferation within the cluster and the long cells outside clusters were transferred to the induced medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2.4-D and 0.1 mg/l TDZ within 6 weeks. The calli were more tight and formed many clusters. The adventitious roots formed 10 weeks after the transfer to MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA. Callus formed spherical structures called embryo-liked but only developed the root pole. Results of the thin layer chromatography using chloroform–methanol (9:1, v/v) showed the presence of oleanolic acid in extracts of adventitious roots fromed from callus-derived rhizomes of Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai et K.M.Feng.
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Senguttuvan, Jamuna, and Paulsamy Subramaniam. "HPTLC Fingerprints of Various Secondary Metabolites in the Traditional Medicinal Herb Hypochaeris radicata L." Journal of Botany 2016 (February 14, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5429625.
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The aim of this work was to elucidate the various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and terpenoids in the methanolic leaf and root extracts of Hypochaeris radicata, a most important traditional medicinal plant species in Nilgiris, the Western Ghats, India, using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). This study was carried out using CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with LINOMAT 5 applicator, TLC scanner 3, Reprostar 3, and winCATS 1.3.4 software. A comprehensive assortment of phytoconstituents in methanolic extracts through HPTLC fingerprinting profiles displayed the existence of alkaloids (3 in leaf and 1 in root extract), flavonoids (4 in leaf extract and 5 in root extract), glycosides (1 in leaf extract and 3 in root extract), saponins (1 in root extract), and terpenoids (1 in leaf and root extracts, resp.). The current study overlays boulevard for H. radicata to provide a direction for further exploration in precluding communicable and noncommunicable ailments.
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Shostak, T. A., T. G. Kalyniuk, and L. V. Vronska. "Identification and quantitative determination of the flavonoids of the complex dense extract of st. john's wort herb and pot marigold flowers." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 3-4 (August 14, 2018): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.3-4.17.08.
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Common Saint-John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) are rich in such biologically active substances (BAS) as carotene, ascorbic acid, essential oils, vitamins, tannin and resinous substances, as well as flavonoids that bear evident wound healing properties and antiulcerous properties.
The object of this study was BAR composition of the complex dense herb extract of St. John's wort and flowers of marigolds (1:10). In order to introduce a new herbal substance into medical practice, it is necessary to develop methods for its identification and quantification.
The TLC [thin layer chromatography] method was used to identify the BAR in the extract under study, and the method of absorption spectrophotometry was proposed for quantification of the content of flavonoids.
As a result of the conducted research, there were selected characteristic substances - identification markers of the extract, the choice of which was in accordance with the requirements of the SPF on the quality of the herb of St. John's wort and the flowers of pot marigold, and there was indicated the position and coloring of the zones in the chromatographic profile of the tested extract solution. Such approach will enable objective identification of the extract as a substance and as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the formulation.
The criterion for quantitative standardization of the complex dense extract is the content of the amount of flavonoids not less than 1.5% in terms of hyperoside and dry substance.
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Basu, Sautrik, and Timir Baran Jha. "In vitro Root Culture : An Alternative Source of Bioactives in the Rare Aphrodisiac Herb Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant et Fern." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 23, no. 2 (January 2, 2014): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17505.
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Chlorophytum borivilianum is a rare, near-endemic high value root crop. The fasciculated roots of the plant have the potential to synthesize valuable bioactives having aphrodisiac, anti stress and immuno modulatory properties. The present investigation describes an alternative protocol for the development of a stable, fast growing, non-transformed root culture system in C. borivilianum and the simultaneous quantitative analysis of total steroidal saponins, amino acids and sugars. Liquid MS fortified with various concentrations and combinations of BA (0.44 - 8.8 µM), Kn (0.23 µM) and NAA (0.27 - 5.4 µM) was effectively used for the development of root culture system. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used for quantification and comparative analysis of bioactives from in vitro and in vivo grown tuberous roots. D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17505 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 133-146, 2013 (December)
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Roy, Sudipta, Sahana Yasmin, Subhadeep Ghosh, Somesankar Bhattacharya, and Debdulal Banerjee. "Anti-Infective Metabolites of a Newly Isolated Bacillus thuringiensis KL1 Associated with Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees.), a Traditional Medicinal Herb." Microbiology Insights 9 (January 2016): MBI.S33394. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/mbi.s33394.
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This study was conducted to isolate endophytic bacteria possessing anti-infective property from Kalmegh ( Andrographis paniculata Nees.), a well-known medicinal plant. A total of 23 strains were isolated from this plant among which the strain KL1, isolated from surface-sterilized leaf of this medicinal herb, showed broad-spectrum antagonism against an array of Gram-positive and -negative bacterial pathogens. Ethyl acetate extract of KL1-fermented media yielded a greenish amorphous substance retaining anti-infective property. Solvent-extracted crude material was separated by thin-layer chromatography, and the active ingredient was located by autobiogram analysis. The purified anti-infective compound was found as anthracene derivative as analyzed by ultraviolet and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The strain was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis KL1 from cultural, physiochemical, and molecular aspects. The above results indicate the pharmaceutical potential of the candidate isolate.