Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Heresy and heresies'

The thesis examines the relationship between Newman's treatment of early Church heresies and his contemporary situation in the period up to 1845.Part I traces his view of heresy from the early Trinitarianism of its evangelical period and snows now It became a rhetorical tool in his defence of the Established Church, 1828-31, culminating in The Arians of the Fourth Century. His continuing use of analogies between Arianlsm and contemporary controversy is traced between 1832 and 1837, before an examination of the relation between rhetoric and politics in the years of Emancipation, Repeal and Reform (1829-32), and in the changed situation after 1832. Part II illustrates the use Newman made of his study of Sabellianism and Apollinarianism Ian Ism to describe 'liberalism', which he argued to be a heresy developing into an underlying Infidelity. His rhetoric was provoked by R.D.Hampden's view of Tests, and influenced by the example of his friend Blanco White's embracing of Unitarian ism in 1835. Newman's consideration, under the category 'Sabetlian', of a variety of systematic theologians arose out of a need to universalize Oxford controversies into an argument about 'rationalism' (Tract 73). He extended his critique both to aspects of Nicholas Wiseman's Roman Catholic apologetic, and, in his strictures upon H.H.Milman, to liberal Anglican historiography. Part III shows Newman's own past-present analogies turning Inwards upon himself in a parallel between his "Via Media' and Monophysltism. The relation of this analogy to his later reminiscences and to the revolution in his concept of orthodoxy and heresy in The Essay on Development, is considered. The modification of his general understanding of heresy, in the light of his new-found idea of development, is then related to his rhetorical use of specific heresies. The Conclusion assesses more theoretically the implications of Newman's rhetorlclzation of Antiquity and considers If there Is a fundamental coherence to his heresiology during the Anglican period.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Sydney, 2009.
Title from title screen (viewed October 8, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy to the Centre for Medieval Studies, Faculty of Arts. Appendix: leaves 158-162. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of History, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iii, 89 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-89).

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-02-13T16:42:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daiany Sousa Macelai de Oliveira Gomes - 2009.pdf: 736727 bytes, checksum: 3d861ab18d43b7fe60aa48b8db9973d5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-02-13T16:49:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daiany Sousa Macelai de Oliveira Gomes - 2009.pdf: 736727 bytes, checksum: 3d861ab18d43b7fe60aa48b8db9973d5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-13T16:49:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daiany Sousa Macelai de Oliveira Gomes - 2009.pdf: 736727 bytes, checksum: 3d861ab18d43b7fe60aa48b8db9973d5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-30
Extremely marked by the elements of the previous Inquisition, the Spanish Inquisition arises as a joint of influences and conducts of the first one, but reflects, at the same time, specific elements that differs it from the medieval practice. The subject of the dissertation summarizes itself in the perception of the similarities and differences in the Spanish Inquisition conduct in relation to the medieval one following the analysis of the Inquisitor Manual from Nicolau Eymerich and its analysis by Francisco de La Penã in a comparative methodology. At first sight we show the history context to the production of the Inquisitor Manual and its legal content. Later we will try to take in structural context of the Spanish Inquisition and its specific elements in Peña’s context. Finally we will detach some chances at the Court’s action concerning the Inquisition rituals proceedings based on Peña’s analysis.
Profundamente marcada pelos elementos da Inquisição anterior, a Inquisição espanhola apresenta-se como um crisol de influências e condutas da primeira, porém reflete, ao mesmo tempo, especificidades que a distancia da prática medieval. O tema dessa dissertação resume-se na percepção das semelhanças e diferenças na conduta da Inquisição espanhola em relação à medieval, a partir da análise do Manual dos Inquisidores de Nicolau Eymerich e sua releitura por Francisco de La Peña em uma metodologia comparativa. Num primeiro momento, apresentaremos o contexto histórico para a produção do Manual dos Inquisidores de Nicolau Eymerich e o seu teor jurídico. Posteriormente, buscaremos compreender o contexto de estruturação da Inquisição espanhola e suas especificidades no contexto de Francisco de La Peña. Por fim, destacaremos algumas mudanças na postura do Tribunal acerca dos ritos e procedimentos processuais da Inquisição a partir da releitura de Peña.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:02:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 737646 bytes, checksum: 52a1da47d70df2014c22498d05cd0edf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-25
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Memetics and Heresies in Mormonism: an overview of the memes of the Great Contemporary Heresy , such as expressed in its catechism does a memetic analysis of the doctrine exposed in the Mormon catechism, Gospel Principles, including in this analysis the very front cover of the catechism and some internal illustrations. Memetic analysis consists in extracting from texts and images the memes behind the discourse; in this case, the Mormon discourse. The memetic analysis is preceded by the definition and discussion of the concept of meme, with special attention to the distinction between the concepts of meme and idea, the latter being defined not according to dictionaries, common sense or traditional theories, but according to the theory of memes itself. Distinction is also made between the concepts of viral meme (or mind virus) and non-viral meme. After the memetic analysis, the results are used in order to analyze the conflictional relationship and the rivalry between Mormons and Protestants and to explain the strong growth of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in many parts of the world.
Memética e heresias no mormonismo: Uma viagem pelos memes da Grande Heresia Contemporânea , tais como expressos em seu catecismo faz uma análise memética da doutrina exposta no catecismo mórmon, Gospel Principles ( Princípios do Evangelho ), incluindo, nesta análise, a própria capa do catecismo e algumas das ilustrações internas. A análise memética consiste em extrair de texto e imagens os memes que há por trás do discurso, no caso o discurso mórmon. A análise memética é precedida da definição e discussão do conceito de meme, com atenção especial para a distinção entre os conceitos de meme e idéia, sendo o conceito de idéia definido não segundo os dicionários, o senso comum ou as teorias tradicionais, mas conforme a própria teoria dos memes. É feita também uma distinção entre os conceitos de meme viral (ou vírus da mente) e meme não-viral. Após a análise memética, seus resultados são usados para analisar a relação conflituosa e a rivalidade entre mórmons e evangélicos e para explicar o forte crescimento da Igreja de Jesus Cristo dos Santos dos Últimos Dias em várias partes do mundo.

Orientador: Flávio Ribeiro de Oliveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T21:25:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Donadon_DanielBueno_M.pdf: 1097747 bytes, checksum: c3b62e6aeb328f3fcfa73846e695fdad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Neste trabalho é apresentada uma tradução do primeiro livro da obra Adversus Haereses (Contras as Heresias), de autoria do bispo cristão Ireneu de Lyon. Escrito na segunda metade do século II d.C., o livro apresenta o pensamento gnóstico como algo distinto do ensinamento apostólico, algo que o autor se empenha em refutar para fundamentar um dogmatismo ortodoxo para a fé cristã. A motivação desse trabalho não é somente o de trazer à comunidade um livro talvez pouco conhecido, mas também o de contextualizar o complexo processo de formação do pensamento cristão, que pouco após seu início transitou de uma tradição judaica fechada em si mesma para um mundo helenístico de diversas filosofias concorrentes, dentre as quais se destaca os primórdios do neo-platonismo. A escolha do primeiro dentre os cinco tomos da obra completa foi feita por ser o único que pôde ser quase totalmente restaurado em sua escrita grega original, através de longas citações feitas pelos heresiógrafos que o seguiram. Não apenas isso, mas o corpo da filosofia gnóstica é exposta somente neste primeiro livro, centrando-se no comentário do sistema valentiniano. Um breve ensaio introduz os temas do cristianismo, do judaísmo e do helenismo para melhor compreensão dessa obra de Ireneu de Lyon
Abstract: This work presents a translation of the first book of Irenaeus's Adversus Haereses (Against the Heresies). Bishop Irenaeus of Lyon wrote his work on the second half of the second century A. D., and through it he exposed the flourishing gnostic thought as being in opposition to the apostolic teaching. He endeavored to refute these new ideas in order to support the dogmatic orthodoxy of Christian faith. This present translation is not only an effort to bring into Portuguese language a book hardly known to the community but also an attempt to discuss the complex formation of the early Christian thought, which passed from a hermetic Jewish tradition to a Hellenistic world of philosophies, including notably that of Neo-Platonism. The choice of translating the first book out of the five tomes written by Irenaeus is not without reason: it is the only book which can almost completely be rendered in its original Greek language through the juxtaposition of copious quotations made by early theologists, while the remaining books are existent only in a barbarous version of Latin. Not only that, but also the gnostic philosophy which is discussed in this work is exposed only in the first book, which devotes itself to denounce the ideas of the Valentine's gnostic school and those of his disciples'
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística

Esta tese procura estudar as relações entre o humanismo erasmiano e os processos de confessionalização desenvolvidos no contexto da Europa ocidental a partir da década de 1530. Um dos pressupostos da investigação é a existência de grande distância entre as perspectivas de Erasmo, moldadas segundo as noções de minima dogmata (a definição de um conjunto de dogmas reduzido ao mínimo essencial) e de condescendência para com as diferenças secundárias de doutrina dentro da fé cristã, e a atitude que norteou os processos confessionais, assinalada pelo enrijecimento doutrinário e pela multiplicação de dogmas. Apesar dessa distância, o humanismo erasmiano foi elemento importante na configuração da atitude confessional, tanto pela centralidade que deu à pregação enquanto instrumento catequético, quanto pelo estímulo que proporcionou à abordagem filológica nos estudos bíblicos. Nesse processo frustrou-se o projeto da minima dogmata: a multiplicação de dogmas trouxe, também, a multiplicação das acusações de heresia. Esse resultado ambíguo nos ensina algo sobre as ambiguidades de Erasmo e do seu humanismo. Ambos encontravam-se num contexto de enormes mudanças em todas as áreas, mas ligavam-se profundamente a estruturas sociais e a formas de pensamento do passado. A luta de Erasmo contra a tirania, marcada pela defesa dos antigos privilégios dos ordines contra as intromissões da centralização política, representou uma apropriação criativa dos valores que caracterizaram, cento e cinquenta anos antes, o humanismo cívico florentino; mas se revelou também um programa desprovido de qualquer viabilidade. Como humanista, Erasmo procurava adequar o mundo ao livro (à sabedoria dos Antigos, somada à sabedoria da fé cristã); nesse processo, deu respostas inadequadas aos problemas de sua própria época. Situado num momento de contrastes, na confluência de dois mundos e pertencendo, por formação e por convicção, ao mundo que se dissolvia, o humanismo erasmiano nos ensina muito, tanto sobre as estruturas do mundo medieval em crise como sobre as novas realidades que despontavam.
This thesis aims to study the relations between Erasmian humanism and the processes of confessionalization developed in Western Europe context from the 1530s. One of the assumptions of the research is that there are great distances between the perspectives and ideas of Erasmus, molded according to the notions of minimal dogmata (defining a set of dogmas reduced to a minimum) and condescension toward the minor differences of doctrine within the Christian faith, and the attitude that guided these confessional processes, marked by doctrinal rigidity and by multiplication of dogmas. This distances notwithstanding, Erasmian humanism was an important element in shaping the confessional attitude, both by the centrality that it gave to catechetical preaching and by the stimulus to philologycal approach in biblical studies. But the project for minima dogmata was thwarted; the multiplication of dogmas brought also the multiplication of heresys accusations. This ambiguous outcome teaches us something about the ambiguities of Erasmus and his humanism. Both were in a context of profound changes in all areas; but both were deeply linked to social structures and ways of thinking of the past. Erasmuss struggle against tyranny, marked by the defense of ordiness ancient privileges against the intrusions of political centralization, represented a criative appropriation of the values of old Florentine civic humanism; but it also revealed a program lacking any viability. As a humanist, Erasmus sought to adapt the world to the book (the wisdom of the Ancients, and the wisdom of the Christian faith); in doing so, Erasmus gave inadequate answers to the problems of his own time. Set in a time of contrasts, at the confluence of two worlds and belonging, by formation and conviction, to the fading world, Erasmian humanism teaches us a lot about the structures of the medieval world in crisis, and about the new realities that was about to breaking out.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-30T16:52:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Jo?o Guilherme Lisb?a Rangel.pdf: 1203136 bytes, checksum: 2e2bcf0c63342a558fa64e340c1ae2b4 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T16:52:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Jo?o Guilherme Lisb?a Rangel.pdf: 1203136 bytes, checksum: 2e2bcf0c63342a558fa64e340c1ae2b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-13
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
This paper aims at analyzing the cases of heresy found in the Golden Legend, which was compiled by Jacobus de Voragine. This collection of hagiographies was compiled in the second half of the thirteenth century and it was extremely successful back then. Over a thousand manuscripts in Latin and several translations to vernacular languages confirm its success. The objective of our research was to demonstrate that heresy is not a minor theme in the Golden Legend. First, we identified the texts in which cases of heresy were mentioned. Then, we came to the conclusion that this theme is major not because of its many occurrences, but due to the circumstances in which theses cases were cited - circumstances involving the Dominican Order fighting heresies (especially Catharism), preaching and writing History
A presente disserta??o analisa os casos de heresia na Legenda ?urea, obra do dominicano Jacopo de Varazze. Datada da segunda metade do s?culo XIII, esta obra gozou de profundo sucesso em sua ?poca como atestam mais de mil manuscritos latinos, bem como as tradu??es para l?nguas vern?culas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar que a heresia n?o ? um tema menor na Legenda ?urea e isto foi feito, primeiramente, a partir da identifica??o de passagens que fazem refer?ncia aos casos de heresia. Demonstramos que a abrang?ncia do tema n?o se verifica apenas por suas recorr?ncias na fonte, mas, principalmente, pelos momentos em que aparecia na documenta??o, muito pr?ximos ao cerne da atua??o pastoral dominicana a que Jacopo de Varazze estava ligado de forma destacada: 1) as passagens relativas ao combate ?s heresias (especialmente a c?tara); 2) a prega??o; 3) a escrita da hist?ria.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Rodrigues da Silva.pdf: 2052103 bytes, checksum: f3db8e3fdd79c3338a0d477b3762a360 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-06
Pontificia Universidade de São Paulo
Edition and Heresy: The book of Daniel is a work that studies and analyzes the Book of Daniel in its oral and written communication since the first centuries b.a.c. (before age commom). Being an apocalyptic gender, it s important to consider the main characteristics of the apocaliptic literature. Starting from the social origin of this literature and from a supposed historical-cultural context, I start the apocalyptic matrix of Daniel and its interactions with myths and magic from the world at that time. Firstly, this work will start with the approximation and study of the text that has been transmitted, communicated and rebuilt in new situations. In the first part of this research, my intention consists of studying the entire symbolism of the Book of Daniel which leads us to the imaginary and daisly life of its authors and to their different social and cultural contexts. In such perspective, I with point and the mixture of the oral, voicing and writing in the text. Secondly, I will follow the steps of the communication of the Book od Daniel in the Christianity context, asking for the circulations of the images and symbols at the Christian imaginary in its origins. So, in the third part, I will look for the reception of this book (Daniel) in colonized America through the reading and interpretations of the priest Antonio Vieira, among others
Edição e Heresia: O livro de Daniel é um trabalho que visa estudar e analisar o Livro de Daniel em sua comunicação oral e escrita desde os primeiros séculos a.E.C. Em se tratando de um livro do gênero apocalíptico, é preciso levar em conta as características principais da apocalíptica. Partindo, pois, da origem social desta literatura e de um suposto contexto histórico-cultural, passo a trilhar pela matriz apocalíptica de Daniel e as suas interações com as construções míticas e mágicas do mundo da época. O primeiro caminho da pesquisa tomará como ponto de partida a aproximação e estudo do texto que foi sendo transmitido, comunicado e reconstruído em novas conjunturas. A intenção da pesquisa, na sua primeira parte, consiste no estudo do livro levando em conta seu simbolismo que nos conduz a imaginários e a vida cotidiana. Do texto que foi comunicado para seus contextos sócio-culturais. Nesta perspectiva busca-se perceber o intercruzamento entre oralidade, voz e escritura. Na segunda parte seguiremos os passos de sua comunicação no universo do cristianismo, perguntando pela circulação das suas imagens e símbolos no imaginário cristão desde suas origens. Para daí, na terceira parte acompanhar a recepção deste livro na América colonizada através da leitura e interpretação do padre Antônio Vieira, entre outros

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-06T21:26:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Henrique dos Santos Vale - 2013.pdf: 1214775 bytes, checksum: 22aa051e0e480ef78f3872f60256f60a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-06T21:26:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Henrique dos Santos Vale - 2013.pdf: 1214775 bytes, checksum: 22aa051e0e480ef78f3872f60256f60a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-06T21:26:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Henrique dos Santos Vale - 2013.pdf: 1214775 bytes, checksum: 22aa051e0e480ef78f3872f60256f60a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-23
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The aim of this dissertation is to understand the identity dynamics which mark the contemporary movie universe of Goias. The ethnography‟s use as a method allows me to focus the attention on the everyday social processes that shift the constituents of that social space today. Thus I seek to understand the meanings that guide the symbolic struggle waged by social actors who, throughout practices, discourses and strategies, end up adding identity characters to the Goias cinematographic field. To this end, I reflect on how the actors in this field act to (re)construct and legitimize representations that elect such characters. I consider the inherent nuances to the local and broader contexts, from the idea that identity is fundamentally dynamic and relational.
O objetivo dessa dissertação é compreender as dinâmicas identitárias que assinalam o universo cinematográfico goiano no contemporâneo. A utilização da etnografia como método me permite direcionar as atenções para o cotidiano que move os processos sociais constituintes desse espaço social na atualidade. Busco, assim, entender os sentidos que orientam a luta simbólica travada pelos atores sociais que, por meio de práticas, discursos e estratégias, acabam por aferir caracteres identitários ao campo cinematográfico goiano. Para tanto, faço uma reflexão acerca de como os atores desse campo atuam para (re)construir e legitimar as representações que elegem tais caracteres. Considero as nuanças intrínsecas ao contexto local e a contextos mais amplos, a partir da ideia de que a identidade é fundamentalmente dinâmica e relacional.

Le propos de ce travail est d' approfondir l'étude sur les mouvements messianiques brésiliens, en faisant une recherche sur 1' Affaire Monge Barbudos (1935-1938) siegé a Bela Vista, sixiéme district, à cette époque , de Soledade au Rio Grande do Sul. Nous avons analysé l afusion des secteurs politiques et réligieux, quand l'un, au moment d' agir, se presentait avec les caractestiques de l' autre et aussi le contraire. Nous nous dédions au débat sur la cration de l' ennem, tellement prsente au Brésil dans les anes 30. Dans cette décenie, quelque mouvement qui pouvait prsenter une action contraire à 1' ordre établi était classé comme une ménace provenant de l'ennemi. Dans ce contexte, les Monge Barbudos ont été accusé de communistes, des désagregateurs nationaux. A travers l'étude d' un mouvement réligieux, nous pouvons avor une lecture du Brésil a cette époque, et constater que ce mouvement concerné avait été une victime autant plus du contexte, c'est-à-dire, la période entre l’affaire Intentona Comunista (personifications de d' ennemi, le communisme) et le Coup d' Etat Nouveau (qui a imposé une nouvelle ordonnance sociale au pays) que par la ménace de ses idées. Plus que des événements parvenus de l'ignorance et du fanatisme, les mouvements réligieux sont une forme d'expression culturelle, sociale et quand même politique. La réligion pour eux devient le centre de leur existence, devenant possible l'expression et la compréhension, la participation et l'action dans une réalité a laquelle ils sont introduits comme des sujets d' action Donc, les répresentations du sacré nous rend possible d'envisager et de rentrer clans la maniére de voir et d' etre au monde de ces personnes, mi monde réligieux où ils vivent, sinon pour expliquer leur "rligiosité populaire", mais pour comprendre leur réligion et leur culture.
O objetivo do trabalho 6 aprofundar o estudo sobre os movimentos messianicos brasileiros, realizando um estudo de caso, os Monges Barbudos (1935-1938) ocorrido em Bela Vista, então sexto distrito de Soledade, Rio Grande do Sul Analisamos a fuso dos campos poltico e religioso, quando um age e apresenta-se com caractersticas do outro e vice-versa. Adentramos na discussão da criação do inimigo, to presente nos anos 30 no Brasil. Nesta década, todo e qualquer movimento que pudesse apresentar uma ação divergente da ordem estabelecida era qualificado como ameaa, inimigo. E o que ocorre com os Monges Barbudos. Foram acusados de comunistas, agentes da desagregação nacional através do estudo de um movimento religioso, podemos realizar uma leitura do Brasil dos anos 30 e constatar que este movimento foi uma vitima muito mais contextual, isto é , o período entre a Intentona Comunista (personificação do inimigo, o comunismo) e o golpe do Estado Novo (impõe uma nova ordem social) que pela ameaça de suas idéias mais do que ocorrências oriundas da ignorância e do fanatismo, os movimentos religiosos são uma forma de expressão cultural, social e mesmo política. A religião neles torna-se o centro da existência e possibilita a expressão e a compreensão, a participação e a ação destes na realidade na qual estão inseridos, sendo sujeitos participantes da mesma Sendo assim, as representações do sagrado nos possibilitam adentrar na maneira de ser e ver o mundo destes sujeitos, o mundo religioso no qual vivem., não para explicar sua reugiosiaaue popular, mas para compreender sua religião, sua cultura.

During the English Revolution of the seventeenth century, writers like William Walwyn produced documents contesting the restriction of their liberties. This thesis is a critical edition of Walwyn’s Demurre to the Bill for Preventing the Growth and Spreading of Heresie, unedited since its original publication in 1646. In this text Walwyn advocates for man’s right to question religious orthodoxy in his search for Truth and urges Parliament not to pass a proposed Bill for the harsh punishment of religious sectarians.

Prior to a transcription of the text is an introduction to Walwyn and an attempt to situate the reader in the context of his time. Following that is a style and rhetorical analysis, which concludes that despite his rejection of rhetorical practices, Walwyn’s own use of them is effective. Perhaps this skill is one of the reasons that Parliament passed a milder, non-punitive version of the Bill Walwyn argued against.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:02:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 850435 bytes, checksum: 9524c75f53756030a6b029f9ef8ba9f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Assuming that early Christianity was a complex place that housed ideological class struggle, look into evidence to prove these differences by studying the apocryphal text known as the Protevangelium of James, coming from the second century of our era. Attempts to demonstrate that the beliefs in this apocryphal text are not product of the imagination of its author, but are common elements to the Christian communities before orthodoxy. In early Christianity, there were several classes that had ideological divergent beliefs. With the passing centuries, emerging classes, the block termed proto-orthodox, by forces policies, prevailed over the remaining. This block then steadied itself then as the only truth, taking on the true apostolic succession and the true teaching of Jesus, was also enacted as the first church which all heresy arose in relation to their beliefs. The speech that block disregards the whole dialectical process that gave his statement. As the Protevangelium of James is a based text in the proto-orthodox, that is, part of its content is similar to what will become the orthodoxy, but also carries an offensive content to this, it is appropriate to question such speech. In the process of quest the aim of research, resorting on studies of Foucault, Bakhtin and Berger, it was necessary to understand the importance of speech for formation of the classes ideologically constituted, the process of legitimation of the discourse and the construction of truths. It is important to consider how to handsel the orthodoxies and heresies, the canonical and apocryphal in the religious systems and understand ,panoramically, how was the construction of the canon of Christian scriptures. The Protevangelium will be still compared with other Christian literature, such as the canonical Matthew and Luke's gospels and other apocryphal narratives, as well as works of early Christian writers to examine their scope and relevance. It is concluded that the Protevangelium of James initially served as raw material for orthodoxy, but with the development of this, it was deemed unacceptable.
Partindo da hipótese de que o cristianismo primitivo era um lugar complexo que abrigava lutas de classes ideológicas, procuram-se indícios que comprovem essas divergências por meio do estudo do texto apócrifo conhecido como o Protoevangelho de Tiago, oriundo do século II de nossa era. Tenta-se demonstrar que as crenças contidas neste texto apócrifo não são frutos da imaginação de seu autor, mas são elementos comuns às comunidades cristãs antes da ortodoxia. No cristianismo primitivo, havia varias classes ideológicas que apresentavam crenças divergentes entre si. Com o passar dos séculos, as classes emergentes, o bloco denominado proto-ortodoxo, por forças políticas, prevaleceram sobre as demais. Este bloco, então, firmou-se então como a única verdade, tomando para si a verdadeira sucessão apostólica e o verdadeiro ensino de Jesus, promulgou-se ainda como a primeira igreja e da qual toda a heresia surgiu em relação às suas crenças. O discurso desse bloco ignora todo o processo dialético que se deu para sua afirmação. Sendo o Protoevangelho de Tiago um texto de base proto-ortodoxa, isto é, parte de seu conteúdo é similar ao do que se tornará a ortodoxia, mas que traz também um conteúdo ofensivo a esta, é adequado para questionar tal discurso. No percurso de busca ao objetivo da pesquisa, recorrendo aos estudos de Foucault, Berger e Bakhtin, se fez necessário entender a importância do discurso para a formação de classes ideologicamente constituídas, o processo de legitimação do discurso e as construções das verdades. É importante refletir como se dão as ortodoxias e as heresias, o canônico e o apócrifo nos sistemas religiosos e entender, panoramicamente, como se deu a construção do cânon das escrituras cristãs. O Protoevangelho será comparado ainda com outras literaturas cristãs, tais como os evangelhos canônicos de Mateus e de Lucas, outros evangelhos e narrativas apócrifas, como também obras de escritores cristãos antigos para averiguar sua abrangência e relevância. Conclui-se que inicialmente o Protoevangelho de Tiago serviu de matéria prima para a ortodoxia, mas com o desenvolvimento desta, foi considerado inaceitável.

Gregoire de nysse (335-395) ecrivit deux ouvrages contre l'heretique eunome, disciple d'arius : le contre eunome (380-383) et la refutation de la profession de foi d'eunome (383), qui representent le quart du volume de l'oeuvre de gregoire (pg 44-46) et ont ete peu etudies jusqu'ici. La these degage le plan complet de ces deux ecrits fort structures malgre les apparences. Le chapitre 1, "metaphysique et trinite", etudie la conception eunomienne du dieuc unique et du fils cree 'anomeisme), puis les concepts gregoriens d'ousie (inspiration aristotelicienne), de puissance et d'energie. Le chapitre 2, "philosophie du langage", montre que pour gregoire, les mots et la pensee nourrissent la foi mais ne sont qu'un tremplin vers le mystere divin. Le chapitre 3, "christologie", manifeste l'equilibre et la creativite de gregoire qui, malgre quelques expressions inadequates, ne pense pas autrement que le concile de chalcedoine a venir (451). Il est sans doute le premier a formuler le theologoumene suivant lequel la divinite, dans la mort du christ, reste unie a l'ame et au corps separes du christ. Un dernier chapitre, "l'esprit saint", deploie les preuves scripturaires et speculatives de la divinite de l'esprit selon gregoire. En annexe, on trouvera une reconstitution, avec traduction francaise, d'un ecrit perdu d'eunome : l'apologie de l'apologie
Gregory of nyssa (335-395) wrote two works against the heretical eunomius, arius' disciple : against eunomius in 3 books (380-383) and refutation of eunomius' confession of faith (383), that constitute the fourth of gregory's works (pg 44-46) and are little studied. The thesis exposes the entire plan of these two works, very structured despite the appearances. Chapter 1, "metaphysics and trinity", studies eunomian conception of the unique god and the created son (anomeism), and the gregorian concepts of ousia, potency and energy. Chapter 2< "philosophy of language", shows that for gregory, words and thought nourish the faith but are only a path towards divine mystery. Chapter 3. "christology", shoqs gregory's balance and creativity : in spite of some inadequate expressions, he doesn't think otherwise than the future chalcedonian council (451). Gregory is probably the first to furmulate that "theologoumenon", that divinity, in christ's death, remains united with both christ's separated soul and body. The ultimate chapter, "the holy ghost", exposes the scriptural and speculative proofs of spirit's divinity according to gregory. In a appendix, we reconstitute and translate a lost eunimius' work : the apology for the apology

Marina Tsvetáieva (18921941) escreveu a Anna Akhmátova (18891966), em carta de 1921: Eu sonhei com você, com o futuro livrinho... um tipo de magia antiga, algo como uma prece (o mais preciso seria dizer ao contrário). E, quando despertei, já sabia que o escreveria. Esse livrinho, em particular o ciclo de poemas Para Akhmátova, escrito por Tsvetáieva em 1916, será nosso objeto de tradução e análise neste trabalho. Essa característica de Tsvetáieva, esse escrever para seus poetas prediletos (e isso inclui outros de seus contemporâneos: Blok, Maiakóvski, Pasternak...), suas dedicatórias poéticas são aqui analisadas. Quanto ao Para Akhmátova, o que teria Tsvetáieva querido dizer com uma prece... ao contrário e de que modo isso se verifica no poema? É o que buscamos responder ao nos deter sobre essa imagem poética, usada por Tsvetáieva para descrever sua homenageada: Uma Mãe de Deus flagelante. Investigamos a seita religiosa dos khlisti, ou khlistovki (isto é, os flagelantes), que existiu na Rússia entre meados do século XVII e os fins da década de 1930. Que universo de implicações essa referência contém? De que maneira Tsvetáieva a usa para descrever certos traços religiosos (ou seria o caso dizer ao contrário) existentes na poesia akhmatoviana? Finalmente, analisamos a seita como um tema biográfico, narrado por Tsvetáieva em suas memórias de infância (As Flagelantes, 1934). Em que medida as relações amistosas de sua família com as Kirílovnas, flagelantes de Tarussa, e a atração da pequena Marina por aquelas religiosas, meio santas e meio heréticas (essa mesma atração pelo diabólico, a que Tsvetáieva se refere em outra narrativa da infância: O Diabo, 1935); em que medida essa inversão dos signos religiosos não estaria gravada na identidade da poeta e em sua poesia? Quais traços se averiguam, em sua obra poética, do que se poderia chamar uma consciência cismática? Enfim, falamos na existência do cenotáfio de Tsvetáieva, monumento funerário localizado na cidade de Tarussa, conforme desejo expresso pela poeta, no local onde ficava, naqueles tempos, o cemitério das flagelantes.
Marina Tsvetaeva (1892-1941) writes in a letter from 1921 to Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966). I dreamt of you, of the future little book... A kind of ancient magic, something like a prayer (it would be more precise to say the opposite). And when I woke up, I already knew what I would write. This little book, specially the cycle of poems To Akhmatova, written by Tsvetaeva in 1916, will be the subject of our translation and analysis in this work. We will analyze this trait of Tsvetaeva, this writing for her favorite poets (including some other contemporaries: Blok, Mayakovsky, Pasternak...), her poetic dedications. When it comes to Akhmatova, what would Tsvetaeva have meant by a prayer ... in reverse, and how does this takes place in the poem? This is what we seek to answer when we dwell on the poetic image used by Tsvetaeva to describe her honored poet: A flagellant Mother of God. We investigate the religious sect of the khlysty, or khlystovky (i.e., the flagellants), which existed in Russia between the mid-seventeenth century and the late 1930s. What universe of implications does this reference contain? In which way does Tsvetaeva use it to describe certain religious traits (or, maybe, the reverse) in Akhmatovas poetry? Finally, we examine the sect as a biographical fact, narrated by Tsvevaeva in her childhood memories (The Flagellants, 1934). To what extent did the friendly relations of her family with the Kirylovnas, flagellants from Tarussa, and the attraction of the small Marina to those religious people, half holy and half heretical (the same attraction to the devilish, to which Tsvetaeva refers in another childhood narrative: The Devil, 1935); to what extent would this inversion of religious signs be engraved on the poets identity and poetry? What traits can be observed in his poetic work of what might be called a schismatic consciousness? Finally, we speak about the cenotaph of Tsvetaeva, a funeral monument located in the city of Tarussa, according to her expressed desire, in the place where the flagellants cemetery was at the time.

Orientador: Neri de Barros Almeida
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T10:01:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinheiro_RossanaAlvesBaptista_D.pdf: 1054509 bytes, checksum: 0fd86f9093f984f59f58a10117fb9b74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Résumé: Le travail intitulé "De l'institutionnalisation du monachisme à la "monachisation" de l'épiscopat en Provence de Jean Cassien et des lériniens (IVe-Ve siècle)" traite d'une dês caractéristiques du christianisme de Gaule: l'émergence des moines-évêques. Cette recherche est une réflexion au sujet des motifs pouvant être à l'origine du rôle de premier plan qu'eurent les monastères au Ve siècle. Ces derniers deviennent de véritables "pipiniéres" d'èvêques par excellence, et cela tout au long de cette période de trouble. Dês lors, nous avons tenté de déterminer quelle place occupaient les moines dans la structure ecclésiastique provençale, quel rôle jouaient-ils dans l'articulation des liens politicosociaux gaulois de même que pour la construction d'une autorité. C'est-à-dire, une notion fondamentale pour l'exercice du pouvoir sur les biens et sur les hommes par les évêques, consolidée au VIe siècle. De manière à développer cette recherche, nous sommes-nous appuyée sur une documentation de nature diverse, majoritairement originaire de la région de Provence, dans le Sud-Est de la Gaule. Les documents présentés ici furent originairement produits entre 390 et 470 ap. J.-C., période considérée comme l' "âge d'or" de l'Abbaye de Lérins et durant laquelle sont issus les plus grands évêques de toute La Gaule. Aussi, nous sommes-nous davantage concentrée sur la perspective du monachisme présentée et divulguée par l'un des principaux théoriciens du monachisme gaulois: Jean Cassien. Ainsi, ce travail peut-il prétendre avoir respecté le processus d'institutionnalisation du monachisme provençal, tel que Jean Cassien l'entendrait et tel qu'il fut développé au sein de l'abbatiale de Lérins. Un tel processus ne pourrait-être autrement vu comme une étape fondamentale et déterminante dans la consolidation de la fonction épiscopale
Resumo: O trabalho intitulado "Da institucionalização do monacato à 'monaquização' do episcopado na Provença de João Cassiano e dos lerinianos (séculos IV e V)" trata de uma das características do cristianismo da Gália: a emergência dos monges-bispos. Esta pesquisa foi norteada pela reflexão sobre os motivos que fizeram dos mosteiros os "viveiros de bispos" por excelência ao longo do conturbado século V. Com isso, procurou-se determinar o lugar ocupado pelos monges na estrutura eclesiástica provençal e o papel que desempenharam para a articulação dos vínculos político-sociais gauleses, bem como para a construção de uma noção de autoridade fundamental para o exercício do poder sobre bens e sobre homens por parte dos bispos, consolidado no século VI. Para desenvolver a pesquisa, contamos com uma documentação de natureza diversa, oriunda, em sua maioria, da região da Provença, no Sudeste da Gália. Os documentos aqui apresentados foram produzidos, fundamentalmente, entre 390 e 470 d.C, período este considerado a "era de ouro" da abadia de Lérins, de onde saíram os bispos mais importantes da Gália. Também nos concentramos na perspectiva de monaquismo apresentada e divulgada por um dos principais teóricos do monaquismo gaulês, João Cassiano. Assim, o trabalho diz respeito ao processo de institucionalização do monacato provençal, tal qual formulado por João Cassiano e realizado na abadia de Lérins. Tal processo é visto como a etapa fundamental e determinante para a consolidação da função episcopal
Abstract: The work entitled "From the institutionalization of the monasticism to the making of the "monachization" of the bishopric in John Cassian and the lerinians's Provence (fourth and fifth centuries)" portrays one of the features of Gaul's Christianity: the emerging of the monk-bishops. This research was directed by reflecting over the causes which turned the monasteries to "bishops' yards" of its highest degree during the unsettled fifth century. Hereupon it was sought to determine the position held by the monks in the Provençal clericalist structure and the role interpreted by them in the enunciating of the socialpolitical ties of the Gauls, as well as the formation of a notion concerning the fundamental authority to exercise power over lands and men from the bishop's part, which was consolidated in the sixth century. In order to develop this research, we relied on a varied source of documents, arising from, in its majority, from the Provence area, in the south of Gaul. The documents used here were ultimately produced in the period between 390 and 470 A.D., which was considered the "golden era" of the Lerins abbey, which was also the origin of the most important bishops of Gaul. In this research attention is also paid to the monkhood perspective presented and uncovered by one of the main theorists of the Gaulish monkhood, John Cassian. Therefore, this work concerns the process of institutionalization of the Provence monastic life, which was laid down by John Cassian and accomplished at Lerins abbey. Such process is seen as a fundamental and determining stage for the strengthening of the Episcopal role
Doutorado
Historia Cultural
Doutor em História

Orientador: Neri de Barros Almeida
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T10:56:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Figuinha_MatheusCoutinho_M.pdf: 975708 bytes, checksum: f5787277caf3073a576ca6e917624299 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Este é um estudo da relação entre ascetismo e poder episcopal no caso de santo Agostinho. Tal relação é avaliada no contexto da controvérsia donatista, que tanto preocupou o bispo católico de Hipona durante longos anos, especialmente ao longo da primeira década do século V. Num primeiro momento, procuro levantar os problemas e as dificuldades que a controvérsia apresentava ao seu episcopado, bem como suas possibilidades de ação. Em seguida, analiso como o emprego de valores ascéticos na organização da Igreja católica e a mobilização de ascetas e monges durante sua campanha anti-donatista criaram novas tendências de expressão do poder episcopal. Por fim, considero seus esforços de desenvolver um modelo mais organizado de monasticismo, centrado na autoridade episcopal, a fim de eliminar as tensões entre ele e os monges ao seu redor
Abstract: This is a study about the relationship between asceticism and episcopal power in the case of Saint Augustine. That relationship is evaluated in the context of the Donatist controversy, which so much concerned the Catholic bishop of Hippo during long years, especially through the first decade of the fifth century. Firstly, I try to point out the problems and difficulties that the controversy presented to his episcopate, as well as his possibilities of action. Then, I analyze how the use of ascetic values in the organization of the Catholic Church and the engagement of ascetics and monks during his anti-Donatist campaign created new tendencies of expression of the episcopal power. Finally, I consider his efforts to develop a more organized model of monasticism, centered on the episcopal authority, in order to eliminate the tensions between him and the monks
Mestrado
Historia Cultural
Mestre em História

Orientador: Leandro Karnal
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T07:33:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Domingues_Evandro_M.pdf: 14002178 bytes, checksum: 326bffd863ee92d9b250a542ee1fe5fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Resumo: Não informado
Abstract: Not informado
Mestrado
Mestre em História

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, 2015.
Submitted by Ruthléa Nascimento (ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br) on 2015-04-16T15:47:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_MicheledeAraujo.pdf: 1228283 bytes, checksum: c7f1bad65dc6702c235a7deedca5dffe (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Ruthléa Nascimento(ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br) on 2015-04-16T20:20:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_MicheledeAraujo.pdf: 1228283 bytes, checksum: c7f1bad65dc6702c235a7deedca5dffe (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T20:20:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_MicheledeAraujo.pdf: 1228283 bytes, checksum: c7f1bad65dc6702c235a7deedca5dffe (MD5)
O Collyrium Fidei Adversus Haereses (Colírio da Fé Contra as Heresias), séc. XIV, é uma das três grandes obras do bispo de Silves, Álvaro Pais, bastante conhecida dos historiadores. Mas devido a seu caráter aparentemente religioso, que diferiria substancialmente das duas outras obras do mesmo autor, o Colírio da Fé foi deixado de lado pela historiografia. Esta dissertação propõe um estudo que insira o livro no contexto de sua produção: um contexto religioso/político. Ele faz parte de uma tradição heresiológica e, entendendo-se que “tradição” constitui uma forma de autoridade política, pretende-se estudá-lo na perspectiva das estratégias de poder que ele encerra e no contexto político de sua produção. Assim, propõe-se a análise da dinâmica das relações do poder eclesiástico com o poder régio patente nesta obra de Álvaro Pais, bem como a oposição modelar entre heresia e ortodoxia, fundamental para a configuração da sociedade perfeita. Para realizar o trabalho, utilizar-se-ão duas chaves interpretativas: a tradição, em sua historicidade, entendida como “comunidade textual”, e a política como discurso que pretende legitimar um dos partidos que disputam o poder. Estes aspectos permitirão apreender a dinâmica do poder e a organização (ordenação) da sociedade na perspectiva político-religiosa. Pretende-se, finalmente, ir além das propostas historiográficas que marcam a oposição entre o político e o religioso. Neste sentido, o Colírio da Fé possibilita ao historiador explicar o problema como tensão entre dois pontos que se interpenetram permanentemente, cuja dinâmica é característica da tradição cristã ocidental.
The Collyrium Fidei Adversus Haereses (Collyrium of Faith Against the Heresies), 14th century, is one of the three major works of the Bishop of Silves, Álvaro Pais, which is well known to historians. But because of its apparently religious character, which would differ substantially from two other works of the same author, the Collyrium of Faith was left aside by historiography. This dissertation proposes a study that inserts the Collyrium of Faith in the religious/political context of its production, within a heresiological tradition. In this sense, tradition is part of political authority and is important to place the Collyrium of Faith in the perspective of power strategies that fed the political struggles of that time. Thus, we should analyze the dynamics of the relations between ecclesiastical and royal power, that inspired in this work of Álvaro Pais, transformed in the opposition between heresy and orthodoxy, essential for setting the perfect society. There are two main interpretative keys that sustain this dissertation: 1) tradition, in its historicity, understood as a “textual community”; 2) politics as a speech that intends to legitimate one of the parts that dispute power. These two aspects allow to understand the power dynamics and the organization (ordination) of society in a political/religious perspective. Finally, it is intended to go beyond the historiographical model that marks the opposition between the political and the religious discourse. In this sense, the Collyrium of Faith enables the historian to explain the problem as a tension between two points that were in permanent interpenetration, whose dynamics characterize the Western Christian tradition.

Esta dissertação tem por tema o conceito de “bem comum”, tal como é compreendido por Tomás de Aquino em sua obra magna, a Suma Teológica. Teve-se por objetivo analisar as relações deste conceito tanto com a teologia quanto com o direito canônico do séc. XIII, saberes que embasam e legitimam as discussões sobre o bem comum na sociedade medieval. Também objetivou-se articular as reflexões de Tomás de Aquino ao desenvolvimento da Inquisição na Idade Média central. No primeiro capítulo, foi analisado como este conceito é entendido pelo teólogo e como está localizado na Suma, em outras palavras, quais são as outras reflexões que orbitam ao redor da questão do “bem comum” para Tomás. Nesse sentido, para entender as reflexões teológicas e jurídicas que embasam a concepção tomista de bem comum no séc. XIII, com o auxílio da metodologia da história intelectual, foi possível fazer um mapeamento na obra para verificar quais são as referências de autoridade (auctoritas) para o teólogo, sendo possível questionar: quem Tomás de Aquino cita ao falar sobre este conceito? Assim, filiando o Aquinate a uma tradição intelectual que remonta tanto a Agostinho quanto a Aristóteles, foi possível verificar qual é a inovação deste teólogo no debate em relação aos seus antecessores. No segundo capítulo, foi possível compreender que o conceito de bem comum está intimamente ligado às discussões de Tomás a respeito do pecado, da heresia, do lugar do herege na sociedade e sobre como e porquê ele deve ser exterminado da civitas. Situando a posição de Tomás a respeito do bem comum ao estabelecimento progressivo da Inquisição na Idade Média central, foi possível perguntar: Tomás de Aquino representa a Igreja na segunda metade do séc. XIII? Tal questionamento revelou que Tomás não é um representante unilateral da reforma que a Cristandade empreende no período. No último capítulo, o conceito de bem comum, conforme Tomás de Aquino, também foi associado ao desenvolvimento de uma sociedade perseguidora no séc. XIII, o que permitiu tanto refletir sobre uma “nova” espiritualidade que entra em vigor com a atuação dos mendicantes na civitas quanto, a partir de um exercício de antropologia escolástica, ver como Tomás, a exemplo dos seus pares, enxergava a comunidade cristã na qual estava inserido. Através da criação de uma categoria conceitual, a civitas christiana, foi possível entender que – pelo menos para Tomás de Aquino –, apesar da perseguição institucional empreendida, o lugar do herege na Idade Média não é fora da sociedade cristã, mas ao contrário, tendo funções a desempenhar nessa communitas, seu lugar é dentro dela.
The subject of this dissertation is the concept of “common good”, as understood by Thomas Aquinas in his magna opera, the Summa Theologica. One goal was to analyze the relationship of this concept with both the theology and in canon law of the XIIIth, knowledge that support and legitimize discussions of the common good in medieval society. Also aimed to articulate the thoughts of Thomas Aquinas to the development of the Inquisition in the Central Middle Ages. In the first chapter, was intended to analyze how this concept is understood by the theologian and as it is located in the document, in another way, what are the other reflections that orbiting the question of “common good” for Aquinas. In this sense, in order to understand the theological and juridical considerations underpinning the Thomist conception of the common good in XIIIth century with the help of the methodology of intellectual history, it was possible to map the work in order to verify what are the authority of references (auctoritas) to the theologian and, therefore, to question: who Aquinas quotes when talking about this concept? Wherefore, affiliating Aquinas to an intellectual tradition that dates back as far as Aristotle to Augustine, it was possible to find what is the innovation of this theologian in the debate over its predecessors. In the second chapter, from these issues, it was possible to understand that the concept of common good is closely linked to Aquinas’s discussions about sin, heresy, heretic’s place in society and how and why it should be destroyer from the civitas. Situating Aquinas’s position on the common good to the progressive establishment of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages central, it was questioned: Is Thomas Aquinas representative of Church in the second half of XIIIth century? Such questioning illustrated that Thomas is not an unilateral representative of reform that Christianity undertakes the period. In the last chapter, the concept of the common good, according Thomas Aquinas, was also associated with the development of a persecuting society in the XIIIth, which allowed both reflect about a “new” spirituality which takes effect with the activities of mendicants in the civitas as well as an exercise in scholastic anthropology, see how Aquinas, like its peers, understand the Christian community in which he was inserted. By creating a conceptual category, the civitas christiana, was possible to understand that – at least for Aquinas –, despite the undertaken institutional persecution, the place of the heretic in the Middle Ages is not “out” of Christian society, it’s the opposite, having duties in this communitas, their place is in it.

This study contributes to the ongoing debate about the existence and nature of the Cathar heresy in Languedoc in the long thirteenth century. Using testimony of accused heretics, it traces a network of fundraising, donations, testamentary bequests, deposit-holding, moneylending, and other types of financial transactions that evidences the existence of a discreet group of people traditionally called ‘Cathars’. This study demonstrates that, unlike many other medieval religious movements, this group did not practice voluntary poverty as part of a holy life. Since the Cathars are traditionally thought to be radical dualists who rejected the material world in all its forms, and because their clergy professed asceticism in other aspects of life, the failure to embrace holy poverty struck contemporary observers as hypocritical and self-serving. Many modern historians have agreed with this assessment, while others have argued that the Cathars did, in fact, embrace poverty. This study serves as a corrective to both points of view: the ‘Cathars’ in thirteenth-century Languedoc neither embraced poverty, nor cynically claimed to do so while disregarding their principles. Rather, repudiation of money was not part of their way of life. That the Cathars of Languedoc did not embrace apostolic poverty is not surprising when we consider that they were embedded in a local culture with strong moneylending traditions. These local practices did not conform to the norms of the Catholic church, rendering the region vulnerable to charges of usury as well as heresy. As part of its effort to standardize religious practice, in the thirteenth century the papacy waged an aggressive campaign against Cathar heresy. Uneasy with the rapid economic expansion of the high Middle Ages, it also stepped up attacks on usury, which was seen by some as a kind of heresy. Seeing that Cathars did not embrace holy poverty – and, in fact, participated in the economy – contemporary critics accused them of practicing usury and pursuing wealth. Languedoc, already deeply associated with Catharism, came under attack in the thirteenth century for its credit culture as well. Using case studies of early thirteenth-century Toulouse and late thirteenth-century Albi, this dissertation examines the association between heresy and usury and argues that attacks on their practitioners were intended to enforce conformity to orthodox norms and eradicate difference within Latin Christendom.

The two concepts of hypocrisy and heresy are completely disparate in modern use, and yet they were related in two ways during the early modern period. Firstly, both terms were prominent charges in the polemical exchanges of the English Reformation. Consequently, in this thesis they provide useful tools for studying the effects of controversy on language. The meaning of hypocrisy and of heresy was of considerable concern to many controversialists, and yet the resulting attempts at defining these terms contributed to their destabilization and incoherence. These terms were also related in a second respect throughout the early modern period. Given the universal conviction at that time that there was only one “true” church, and given the consequent pressures imposed by churches (both Catholic and Protestant) to enforce conformity to their own religions, it was inevitable that judgements had to be made concerning the convictions and internal beliefs of others. Such judgements were central in charges of heresy and hypocrisy; hence in this thesis the concepts of hypocrisy and heresy provide useful tools for studying early modern understandings of intentionality and judgement. The writings of Sir John Cheke, William Perkins, Bishop Joseph Hall and Sir Francis Bacon are shown to display concern combined with confusion and incoherence over these topics. However, Sir Thomas More’s Dialogue Concerning Heresies is shown to contain an intricate and coherent analysis of intentionality and judgement vis a vis heresy. But, More’s foundation for judgement and knowledge was the consensus fidelium, a foundation which simply was not available to the later Protestant writers. Lastly, Thomas Hobbes’s treatments of hypocrisy and heresy are examined. In effect, Hobbes negated the judgement of intentions where both concepts were concerned. He acknowledged and accepted the separation of internal belief from external profession. Likewise he accepted the impenetrable nature of the human mind and heart in a way his forebears had not. By examining Hobbes’s treatment of these concepts in light of the polemical confusion and conceptual incoherence of the preceeding century, a better understanding of Hobbes’s philosophy is obtained and the relevance of early modern theology for intellectual history is demonstrated.

This dissertation re-examines trials for heresy in England from 1382, which saw the first major action directed at the Wycliffite heresy in Oxford, and the early Reformation period, with an emphasis on abjurations, the oaths renouncing heretical beliefs that suspects were required to swear after their interrogations were concluded. It draws a direct link between the customs that developed around the ceremony of abjuration and the exceptionally low rate of execution for “relapsed” and “obstinate” heretics in England, compared to other major European anti-heresy campaigns of the period. Several cases are analyzed in which heretics who should have been executed, according to the letter and intention of canon law on the subject, were permitted to abjure, sometimes repeatedly. Cases that ended in execution despite intense efforts by the presiding bishop to obtain a similarly law-bending abjuration are also discussed. These cases are situated within explorations of the constitutions governing heresy trials, contrasting their use of apparently standard legal terminologies with more aggressive continental inquisitors, as well as the theology and cultural standing of oaths within both Wycliffism and the broader Late Medieval and Early Modern world. This dissertation will trace how Lollard heretics gradually accepted the necessity of false abjuration as one of a number of measures to preserve their lives and their movement, and how early adopters using coded writing carefully persuaded their co-religionists of this necessity. Furthermore, it will argue that the bishops who conducted the trial system deliberately constructed it to encourage this type of perjury, even suppressing attempts to alter heretics’ actual convictions, for the sake of social order and stability.

This study investigates the understanding of heresy and the heretic according to John of Damascus. For him, a heretic was any Christian who, by wilful choice, departs from the one orthodox tradition by adopting a personal opinion on the common faith which he intends to institute as sole truth. Our research is divided into two parts and aims to apply John of Damascus' understanding of the recurring identity of the Christian heretic and his behaviour. By using historical-theological, interdisciplinary and diachronical approaches, our research demonstrates that this Church Father, who is the `seal of the patristic era,' remains a relevant authority for our comprehension of heresy and the heretic. Through two case studies, namely, the Dutch Reformed Churches and Apartheid, and Kimbanguism, our study specifies, on the one hand how a distorted Christian confession contributed to the rise of Apartheid, with its attendant sense of a theocracy, predestination, election, supremacy, divine love and justice. Kimbanguism, on the other hand, represents a heresy against its will. It is an example of Christian leaders who abused their power to apply cultural elements that resulted in a dramatic misinterpretation of the Christian dogma of the Trinity. Finally, our study intends to apply the notions of wilful choice, obstinacy and fanaticism, libertine exegesis, personal opinion and orthodox tradition or common faith, to portray a heretic by using an interdisciplinary approach: theologically as a libertine-exegete, psychologically as a dogmatic and fanatic person, and sociologically as a negative cultural reformer. Thus, our analysis is both historical and theological, and clearly and substantially elucidates the heretical mind in modern times. Consequently, our inquiry may be summed up as follows. Firstly, heresy habitually comes from an existing text, doctrine or discipline; secondly, it concerns people who are originally Christians; thirdly, it demonstrates that a heretic may be a fervent and an educated Christian, a layman or a church leader, who, on the basis of wilful choice, interprets Biblical texts freely, with his personal exegesis and hermeneutics, and ultimately incorrectly. From this exegesis and hermeneutics he deduces and sustains a new doctrine that he defends with obstinacy and fanaticism.
Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology
D. Div. (Church History)

The diploma thesis " The Reign of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I., (527 - 565)" deals with the life and the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. The aim of the thesis is to perform the Justinian effort to reach the symphony between the State and the Church.The first chapter leads us to the ages preceding the Justinian's Reign and gets acquainted us with the political and dynastic history. From the second chapter of the thesis deals with its main topic, the Emperor Justinian I., his life and reign and with his foreign, internal and religious policy. The final part presents appreciating of Justinian's personality.