Journal articles: 'Hericenones'

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Iacovelli, Riccardo, Fons Poon, and Kristina Haslinger. "Identification and Reconstitution of the First Two Enzymatic Steps for the Biosynthesis of Bioactive Meroterpenoids from Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane Mushroom)." Molecules 29, no. 23 (2024): 5576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235576.

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Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane mushroom) is widely consumed for its numerous reported benefits for brain health. A growing body of evidence suggests that these benefits are likely attributable to aromatic compounds contained in its fruiting bodies, including the meroterpenoids hericenones. Here, we report the identification and reconstitution of the first two steps of the biosynthetic pathway of hericenones via heterologous expression of the polyketide synthase HerA and the carboxylic acid reductase HerB in Aspergillus oryzae. Furthermore, we investigated a putative prenyltransferase that might be responsible for the following biosynthetic step. Ongoing efforts to reconstitute the full pathway will enable large-scale production of hericenones and other meroterpenoids in heterologous hosts.

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Corana, Federica, Valentina Cesaroni, Barbara Mannucci, et al. "Array of Metabolites in Italian Hericium erinaceus Mycelium, Primordium, and Sporophore." Molecules 24, no. 19 (2019): 3511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193511.

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Hericium erinaceus is a medicinal mushroom that contains many molecules promising a plethora of therapeutic properties. In this study, the strain H.e.2 (MicUNIPV, University of Pavia, Italy) was isolated from a sporophore collected in Tuscany (Italy). Mycelium, primordium, and wild type and cultivated sporophores were analyzed by HPLC-UV-ESI/MS. Erinacine A in the mycelium and hericenones C and D in the sporophores were quantified by comparison with their standard molecules. For the first time, H. erinaceus primordium was also investigated for the presence of these molecules. Comparing with the literature data, hericenes, molecules structurally similar to hericenones, were present in all our samples. The highest contents of hericenones C and D were detected in cultivated sporophores, compared to the wild type. The comparison of these data with those of another Italian H. erinaceus strain (H.e.1 MicUNIPV) was discussed. The results led us to select H. erinaceus strains more suitable for mycelium production or sporophore cultivation to obtain extracts with a higher content of bioactive compounds. This work provides a further step towards standardizing the procedures in the development of dietary supplements made from mushrooms.

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Basko, Ihor, and Laurie Dohmen. "Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus): A Potential Treatment for Neurologic Disorders in Veterinary Medicine." Journal of the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association 70, Spring (2023): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56641/pssj9210.

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The use of the culinary and medicinal mushroom Lion’s Mane (LM) (Hericium erinaceus) has been extensively researched. Much of the recent research has been fueled by interest in using LM to prevent and treat neurological diseases such as cognitive decline, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease and to stimulate peripheral nerve regeneration. This mushroom is rich in physiologically important components. The main bioactive phytochemicals extracted from LM’s fruiting body and mycelia are hericenones, erinacines, polysaccharides, and dilinoleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DLPE). β-glucan polysaccharides are immuno-active and responsible for LM’s anti-cancer, immunomodulating, hypo-lipidemic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective actions. The hericenones and erinacines can cross the blood-brain barrier and stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF). Since NGF keeps the brain and nervous system regenerating and repairing itself, research has been focused on the effect of these compounds on brain and nervous system conditions. In veterinary medicine, supplementation of LM has potential in the treatment of many conditions, including peripheral nerve damage, dementia, cognitive decline, anxiety, and spinal cord trauma and degeneration.

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Kawagishi, Hirokazu, Motoharu Ando, Kayoko Shinba, et al. "Chromans, hericenones F, G and H from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum." Phytochemistry 32, no. 1 (1992): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80127-z.

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Ma, Bing-Ji, Jin-Wen Shen, Hai-You Yu, Yuan Ruan, Ting-Ting Wu, and Xu Zhao. "Hericenones and erinacines: stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF) biosynthesis inHericium erinaceus." Mycology 1, no. 2 (2010): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21501201003735556.

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Kawagishi, Hirokazu. "Chemical studies on bioactive compounds related to higher fungi." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 85, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bbb/zbaa072.

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Abstract Hericium erinaceus (Yamabushitake in Japan) is a well-known edible and medicinal mushroom. We discovered antidementia compounds, hericenones C to H, from the fruiting bodies and erinacine A to I from the cultured mycelia of the fungus. Based on the data of the compounds, several clinical experiments were performed using the fungus. “Fairy rings” is a phenomenon that turfgrass grows more prolific or inhibited than the surrounding area as a ring and then occasionally mushrooms develop on the ring. We found fairy-ring causing principles “fairy chemicals” and the biosynthetic routes of the compounds on the purine metabolic pathway in plants and mushrooms.

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Kobayashi, Shoji, Tomoki Tamura, Mizuho Koshishiba, et al. "Total Synthesis, Structure Revision, and Neuroprotective Effect of Hericenones C–H and Their Derivatives." Journal of Organic Chemistry 86, no. 3 (2021): 2602–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.0c02681.

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Kobayashi, Shoji, Hidetsugu Tamanoi, Yuichi Hasegawa, Yusuke Segawa, and Araki Masuyama. "Divergent Synthesis of Bioactive Resorcinols Isolated from the Fruiting Bodies of Hericium erinaceum: Total Syntheses of Hericenones A, B, and I, Hericenols B–D, and Erinacerins A and B." Journal of Organic Chemistry 79, no. 11 (2014): 5227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo500795z.

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Szućko-Kociuba, Izabela, Alicja Trzeciak-Ryczek, Patrycja Kupnicka, and Dariusz Chlubek. "Neurotrophic and Neuroprotective Effects of Hericium erinaceus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 21 (2023): 15960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115960.

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Hericium erinaceus is a valuable mushroom known for its strong bioactive properties. It shows promising potential as an excellent neuroprotective agent, capable of stimulating nerve growth factor release, regulating inflammatory processes, reducing oxidative stress, and safeguarding nerve cells from apoptosis. The active compounds in the mushroom, such as erinacines and hericenones, have been the subject of research, providing evidence of their neuroprotective effects. Further research and standardization processes for dietary supplements focused on H. erinaceus are essential to ensuring effectiveness and safety in protecting the nervous system. Advancements in isolation and characterization techniques, along with improved access to pure analytical standards, will play a critical role in achieving standardized, high-quality dietary supplements based on H. erinaceus. The aim of this study is to analyze the protective and nourishing effects of H. erinaceus on the nervous system and present the most up-to-date research findings related to this topic.

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Kostanda, Elizabeth, Sanaa Musa, and Idan Pereman. "Unveiling the Chemical Composition and Biofunctionality of Hericium spp. Fungi: A Comprehensive Overview." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11 (2024): 5949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115949.

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In recent years, research on mushrooms belonging to the Hericium genus has attracted considerable attention due to their unique appearance and well-known medicinal properties. These mushrooms are abundant in bioactive chemicals like polysaccharides, hericenones, erinacines, hericerins, resorcinols, steroids, mono- and diterpenes, and corallocins, alongside essential nutrients. These compounds demonstrate beneficial bioactivities which are related to various physiological systems of the body, including the digestive, immune, and nervous systems. Extensive research has been conducted on the isolation and identification of numerous bioactive chemicals, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed their antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, anticholesterolemic, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest scientific literature on the chemical composition and secondary metabolites profile of Hericium spp. through an introduction to their chemical characteristics, speculated biosynthesis pathways for key chemical families, potential toxicological aspects, and a detailed description of the recent updates regarding the bioactivity of these metabolites.

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Kobayashi, Shoji, Hidetsugu Tamanoi, Yuichi Hasegawa, Yusuke Segawa, and Araki Masuyama. "ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Synthesis of Bioactive Resorcinols Isolated from the Fruiting Bodies of Hericium erinaceum: Total Syntheses of Hericenones A, B, and I, Hericenols B-D, and Erinacerins A and B." ChemInform 45, no. 48 (2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201448209.

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Kawagishi, Hirokazu, Motoharu Ando, Hideki Sakamoto, et al. "Hericenones C, D and E, stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis, from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum." Tetrahedron Letters 32, no. 35 (1991): 4561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(91)80039-9.

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Ratto, Daniela, Federica Corana, Barbara Mannucci, et al. "Hericium erinaceus Improves Recognition Memory and Induces Hippocampal and Cerebellar Neurogenesis in Frail Mice during Aging." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (2019): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040715.

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Frailty is a geriatric syndrome associated with both locomotor and cognitive decline, implicated in both poor quality of life and negative health outcomes. One central question surrounding frailty is whether phenotypic frailty is associated with the cognitive impairment during aging. Using spontaneous behavioral tests and by studying the dynamic change during aging, we demonstrated that the two form of vulnerability, locomotor and recognition memory decline, develop in parallel and therefore, integration of the motoric and cognitive evaluations are imperative. We developed an integrated frailty index based on both phenotypic and recognition memory performances. Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus) is a medicinal mushroom that improves recognition memory in mice. By using HPLC-UV-ESI/MS analyses we obtained standardized amounts of erinacine A and hericenones C and D in H. erinaceus extracts, that were tested in our animal model of physiological aging. Two-month oral supplementation with H. erinaceus reversed the age-decline of recognition memory. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus and cerebellum in treated mice supported a positive effect of an H. erinaceus on neurogenesis in frail mice.

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Stankevič, Karolina, Kamila Fuczyło, Ewelina Kopczyńska, et al. "The Usage of Lion’s Mane in Sports and Its Metabolic Impact – a literature review." Quality in Sport 37 (January 21, 2025): 57190. https://doi.org/10.12775/qs.2025.37.57190.

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Introduction Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus), a medicinal mushroom widely recognized for its neuroprotective and health-promoting properties, has garnered increasing attention in recent years for its potential applications in sports and metabolic health. Known for its bioactive compounds, such as hericenones and erinacines, lion’s mane has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-enhancing properties that may benefit athletes. This review explores current research on the metabolic and sports-related effects of lion’s mane, highlighting both promising findings and gaps in the literature. Purpose of the Work: The aim of this study is to review the current data on the usage of Hericium erinaceus in sports performance and metabolic health. The review includes an exploration of the biochemical properties of lion’s mane and their relevance to athletic performance, assessment of the evidence gathered from animal and human studies regarding its potential benefits, identifying the gaps in research and proposing directions for future studies. Materials and Methods This literature review was conducted by collecting and analyzing peer-reviewed articles, clinical trial results, and relevant research papers from scientific databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect. Results The literature indicates that lion’s mane has potential benefits in enhancing cognitive function, reducing oxidative stress, and improving glucose metabolism—all of which are relevant to sports performance and recovery. However, direct evidence on its impact on athletic metrics such as endurance, strength, or recovery times is limited. Preclinical studies are promising but need to be validated in well-designed human trials.

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Contato, Alex Graça, and Carlos Adam Conte-Junior. "Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus): A Neuroprotective Fungus with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Potential—A Narrative Review." Nutrients 17, no. 8 (2025): 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17081307.

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Hericium erinaceus, commonly known as lion’s mane mushroom, has gained increasing scientific interest due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds and diverse health-promoting properties. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the nutritional and therapeutic potential of H. erinaceus, with a particular focus on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. A structured literature search was performed using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Studies published in the last two decades focusing on H. erinaceus’ bioactive compounds were included. The chemical composition of H. erinaceus includes polysaccharides, terpenoids (hericenones and erinacines), and phenolic compounds, which exhibit potent antioxidant effects by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, H. erinaceus shows promising antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens, with potential applications in combating antibiotic-resistant infections. The mushroom’s capacity to stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis has highlighted its potential in preventing and managing neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Advances in biotechnological methods, including optimized cultivation techniques and novel extraction methods, may further enhance the bioavailability and pharmacological effects of H. erinaceus. Despite promising findings, clinical validation remains limited. Future research should prioritize large-scale clinical trials, the standardization of extraction methods, and the elucidation of pharmacokinetics to facilitate its integration into evidence-based medicine. The potential of H. erinaceus as a functional food, nutraceutical, and adjunct therapeutic agent highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and regulatory bodies.

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KYATHAM, RAMADEVI RAJU BATHULA NARENDER BOGGULA. "A REVIEW ON HERICIUM ERINACEUS: NATURE'S MEDICINAL RESERVOIR." Journal of Pharma Research 11, no. 05 (2022): 44–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7266249.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Mushrooms are rapidly becoming recognized as a promising source of novel proteins. Hericium erinaceus is one of the widely used edible mushrooms around the world, primarily in Asian countries. H. erinaceus is used in traditional medicines, and mushroom-based foods. Mushrooms are considered as nutritionally functional foods and source of physiologically beneficial medicines. Hericium erinaceus, also known as Lion's Mane Mushroom or Hedgehog Mushroom, is an edible fungus, which has a long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine. This mushroom is rich in some physiologically important components, especially β-glucan polysaccharides, which are responsible for anti-cancer, immunomodulating, hypolipidemic, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective activities of this mushroom. Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus) has also been reported to have anti-microbial, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, wound healing properties among other therapeutic potentials. These stunning properties along with the absence of toxicity render these biopolymers ideal compounds for developing novel functional foods or nutraceuticals with the increase in consumers’ consciousness and demand for healthy food. Large scale production and industrial application of some fungal proteins prove their biotechnological potential and establish higher fungi as a valuable, although relatively unexplored, source of unique proteins. This review article has overviewed the recent advances in the research and study on H. erinaceus and discussed the potential health beneficial activities of this mushroom, with the recognition of bioactive compounds responsible for these medicinal properties. <strong>Keywords: </strong>Hericium erinaceus, anti-cancer, Hericiaceae, Lion’s mane mushroom, anti-diabetic, Hericenones.

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Amaranthus, Mike. "Lion’s Mane for Your Brain and Body." Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 13, no. 2 (2025): 85–92. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20251302.14.

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Lion’s mane&lt;i&gt; (Hericium erinaceus&lt;/i&gt;) is a unique and fascinating mushroom species. Lion’s mane is saprophytic, meaning it feeds on decaying organic material, particularly dead trees, fallen logs and wounded trees. Native to both North America and Eurasia, lion’s mane mushrooms are easy to identify and are most commonly foraged during late summer and autumn on hardwood trees. They are also cultivated and available as supplements year-round in markets, health food stores and online. Lion’s mane is a versatile ingredient in the kitchen, perfect for marinating, sautéing, barbecuing, stir-frying, or baking. Lion’s mane taste and texture is often compared to crab or other seafood, which makes it a highly sought-after edible mushroom species. Lion’s mane has a long history of medicinal use in Asian cultures, dating back millennia. Recent research indicates potential health benefits include avoiding dementia and improving cognitive function; easing depression and anxiety; reducing risk of heart disease; diminishing diabetes symptoms and improved immune system function. Evidence of improved cognitive function has been particularly significant and well documented. Certain individuals should avoid consuming lion’s mane mushrooms or supplements due to potential health risks. This includes individuals with bleeding disorders or taking blood thinners and people with diabetes taking blood sugar-lowering medications. While published peer reviewed scientific studies of lion’s mane mushrooms effects continues to grow, much of the current evidence is based on non-human animal and laboratory studies. More human research is needed to determine the full extent of its health benefits for a growing interested public. Nonetheless, the identification of specific lion’s mane bioactive compounds, hericenones and erinacines, has sparked significant interest in both research and medical communities, paving the way for future applications in brain, heart, blood, and overall health.

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Masum, Md Habib Ullah, Syed Mohammad Lokman, Rehana Parvin, et al. "Novel fungal metabolites as dual cholinesterase inhibitors: A computational approach for Alzheimer’s disease therapy." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0326219. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326219.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is a major global health concern, affecting millions worldwide, with its prevalence expected to triple by 2050. Despite the widespread use of traditional drugs like cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, their limited effectiveness requires innovative therapeutic approaches. This work used Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) to renovate AD therapies aimed at both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) using fungal secondary metabolites. Subsequent pharmacokinetic profiles indicated that all metabolites had significant gastrointestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier permeability, and adherence to Lipinski’s Rule of Five, suggesting favourable drug-like properties. Furthermore, these metabolites exhibited little toxicity, except for Lovastatin, which indicated possible carcinogenicity. Molecular docking revealed three main candidates—Fumitremorgin C, Hericenone J, and Lovastatin—with notable binding affinities for AChE and BuChE. Consequently, the Fumitremorgin C showed the highest affinity for AChE (−10.0 kcal/mol), but Hericenone J showed enhanced inhibition of BuChE (−9.2 kcal/mol), suggesting its potential use in advanced stages of AD. Molecular dynamics simulations spanning 100 ns validated the stability of enzyme-ligand complexes, with Hericenone J exhibiting the greatest stability, low RMSD, and strong hydrogen bond interactions. The RMSF analysis further demonstrated that Hericenone J preserved structural integrity, whereas ROG and SASA values validated its compactness and stability. As determined by binding energy calculations, Hericenone J had the most inhibitory potential, followed by Lovastatin. However, Hericenone J’s constant adoption of low-energy conformations, as shown by the principal component and Gibbs free energy analyses, suggested robust and stable interactions with both cholinesterases. With its superior pharmacokinetic profiles, significant binding affinity, and high stability, Hericenone J is the most promising dual cholinesterase inhibitor. These results support the notion that Hericenone J might be an effective treatment for AD if subjected to more preclinical trials.

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Tamrakar, Sonam, Dongmei Wang, Eri Hiraki, et al. "Deacylated Derivative of Hericenone C Treated by Lipase Shows Enhanced Neuroprotective Properties Compared to Its Parent Compound." Molecules 28, no. 11 (2023): 4549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114549.

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Hericium erinaceus, a mushroom species commonly known as Yamabushitake in Japan, is known to have a stimulatory effect on neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Hericenone C, a meroterpenoid with palmitic acid as the fatty acid side chain, is reported to be one such stimulant. However, according to the structure of the compound, the fatty acid side chain seems highly susceptible to lipase decomposition, under in vivo metabolic conditions. To study this phenomenon, hericenone C from the ethanol extract of the fruiting body was subjected to lipase enzyme treatment and observed for changes in the chemical structure. The compound formed after the lipase enzyme digestion was isolated and identified using LC-QTOF-MS combined with 1H-NMR analysis. It was found to be a derivative of hericenone C without its fatty acid side chain and was named deacylhericenone. Interestingly, a comparative investigation of the neuroprotective properties of hericenone C and deacylhericenone showed that the BDNF mRNA expression in human astrocytoma cells (1321N1) and the protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress was considerably higher in the case of deacylhericenone. These findings suggest that the stronger bioactive form of the hericenone C compound is in fact deacylhericenone.

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Phan, Chia-Wei, Guan-Serm Lee, Sok-Lai Hong, et al. "Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr) Pers. cultivated under tropical conditions: isolation of hericenones and demonstration of NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells via MEK/ERK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways." Food Funct. 5, no. 12 (2014): 3160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fo00452c.

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Chen, Zhixia (Grace), Karen Suzanne Bishop, Hartono Tanambell, Peter Buchanan, Chris Smith, and Siew Young Quek. "Characterization of the bioactivities of an ethanol extract and some of its constituents from the New Zealand native mushroom Hericium novae-zealandiae." Food & Function 10, no. 10 (2019): 6633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9fo01672d.

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In this study, we investigated the potential bioactivities of an ethanol extract of Hericium novae-zealandiae and four of its constituents, namely hericenone C, hericene B, ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide.

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Joradon, Pinida, Vilai Rungsardthong, Uracha Ruktanonchai, et al. "A comparative study of conventional and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction methods for the recovery of bioactive compound from Lion’s Mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus)." E3S Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235502015.

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Lion’s Mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus), LM, is a medicinal mushroom which has various bioactive compounds within its fruiting bodies. However, during the cultivation, a large amount of the irregular-shape LM (Ir-LM) was generated. This mushroom type was considered a mushroom by-product. In this study, conventional solvent extraction (Maceration) and supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide (SCFE-CO2) were performed to compare the recovery of ergosterol, hericenone C, and hericene A content from Reg-LM and Ir-LM fruiting bodies. Furthermore, two extraction conditions (40°C at 200 bar and 70°C at 350 bar) were conducted for the SCFE-CO2 technique. The results showed that SCFE-CO2 methods produced a higher recovery of ergosterol and hericenone C as compared to the Maceration techniques. SCFE-CO2 extracts were determined for their antioxidant activities. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract from 70°C at 350 bar was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the extract obtained from 40°C at 200 bar. The results revealed the use of green technology supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide to recover bioactive compounds from mushroom by-products and apply for high-value added products.

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Roda, Elisa, Erica Cecilia Priori, Daniela Ratto, et al. "Neuroprotective Metabolites of Hericium erinaceus Promote Neuro-Healthy Aging." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (2021): 6379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126379.

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Frailty is a geriatric syndrome associated with both locomotor and cognitive decline, typically linked to chronic systemic inflammation, i.e., inflammaging. In the current study, we investigated the effect of a two-month oral supplementation with standardized extracts of H. erinaceus, containing a known amount of Erinacine A, Hericenone C, Hericenone D, and L-ergothioneine, on locomotor frailty and cerebellum of aged mice. Locomotor performances were monitored comparing healthy aging and frail mice. Cerebellar volume and cytoarchitecture, together with inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, were assessed focusing on senescent frail animals. H. erinaceus partially recovered the aged-related decline of locomotor performances. Histopathological analyses paralleled by immunocytochemical evaluation of specific molecules strengthened the neuroprotective role of H. erinaceus able to ameliorate cerebellar alterations, i.e., milder volume reduction, slighter molecular layer thickness decrease and minor percentage of shrunken Purkinje neurons, also diminishing inflammation and oxidative stress in frail mice while increasing a key longevity regulator and a neuroprotective molecule. Thus, our present findings demonstrated the efficacy of a non-pharmacological approach, based on the dietary supplementation using H. erinaceus extract, which represent a promising adjuvant therapy to be associated with conventional geriatric treatments.

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Kawagishi, Hirokazu, Motoharu Ando, and Takashi Mizuno. "Hericenone A and B as cytotoxic principles from the mushroom." Tetrahedron Letters 31, no. 3 (1990): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)94558-1.

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Rama Rao, A. V., and Ravindra G. Reddy. "First unambiguous total synthesis of hericenone A: Proposed structure revised." Tetrahedron Letters 33, no. 28 (1992): 4061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(92)88100-j.

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Tachabenjarong, Nattapat, Vilai Rungsardthong, Uracha Ruktanonchi, et al. "Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Lion’s Mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) from different growth periods." E3S Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235502016.

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Lion’s Mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) is one of the most popularly edible and medicinal mushrooms. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the relationship between growth period and bioactive content in the mushroom. The objectives of this research were to study bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Lion’s Mane mushroom at various growth periods. The mushroom was cultivated and harvested at growth periods of 14, 21, and 28-days. The samples were dried by lyophilization and extracted with ethanol. Bioactive compounds (ergosterol, hericenone C, and hericene A), total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of the samples were analyzed. HPLC analysis demonstrated the highest concentration of ergosterol, hericenone C and hericene A in the 14-days, 21-days, and 28-days samples, respectively. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the dried sample were not statistically significant different (p>0.05). The 21-days sample showed higher activity than the 14-days and 28-days samples for both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. In conclusion, the 14-days sample showed the highest concentrations of bioactive compounds, while the 21-days sample showed the highest yield and antioxidant activity. The 28-days sample exhibited a change in morphology and color. This study demonstrates that the growth periods of Lion’s Mane mushroom play a role in their bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities. Finally, the correlation of growth periods to the content of other bioactive compounds can be used for mushroom cultivation and applications in foods, food supplements and cosmetics.

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MA, Bing-Ji, Jin-Chuan MA, and Yuan RUAN. "Hericenone L, a new aromatic compound from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceums." Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 10, no. 5 (2012): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-5364(12)60072-7.

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Mori, Koichiro, Haruhisa Kikuchi, Yutaro Obara, et al. "Inhibitory effect of hericenone B from Hericium erinaceus on collagen-induced platelet aggregation." Phytomedicine 17, no. 14 (2010): 1082–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.05.004.

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Omolo, Josiah Ouma, Heidrun Anke, and Olov Sterner. "Hericenols A–D and a chromanone from submerged cultures of a Stereum species." Phytochemistry 60, no. 4 (2002): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00070-5.

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Cordes, Jens, Frederick Calo, Katie Anderson, et al. "Total Syntheses of Angelicoin A, Hericenone J, and Hericenol A via Migratory Prenyl- and Geranylation–Aromatization Sequences." Journal of Organic Chemistry 77, no. 1 (2011): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo202354j.

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Omolo, Josiah Ouma, Heidrun Anke, and Olov Sterner. "ChemInform Abstract: Hericenols A-D and a Chromanone from Submerged Cultures of a Stereum Species." ChemInform 33, no. 42 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200242234.

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Xie, Guangbo, Lan Tang, Yu Xie, and Liyuan Xie. "Secondary Metabolites from Hericium erinaceus and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities." Molecules 27, no. 7 (2022): 2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072157.

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Hericium erinaceus, a culinary and medicinal mushroom, is widely consumed in Asian countries. Chemical investigation on the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus led to the isolation of one new ergostane-type sterol fatty acid ester, erinarol K (1); and eleven known compounds: 5α,8α -epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-yl linoleate (2); ethyl linoleate (3); linoleic acid (4); hericene A (5); hericene D (6); hericene E (7); ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (8); hericenone F (9); ergosterol (10); ergosterol peroxide (11); 3β,5α,6α,22E-ergosta-7,22-diene-3,5,6-triol 6-oleate (12). The chemical structures of the compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, mass spectra, etc. Anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated aromatic compounds (5–7, 9) were evaluated in terms of inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediator (TNF-α, IL-6 and NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that compounds 5 and 9 exhibited moderate activity against TNF-α (IC50: 78.50 μM and 62.46 μM), IL-6 (IC50: 56.33 μM and 48.50 μM) and NO (IC50: 87.31 μM and 76.16 μM) secretion. These results supply new information about the secondary metabolites of Hericium erinaceus and their anti-inflammatory effects.

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Li, Junhao, Kengo Hamamura, Yuya Yoshida, et al. "Hericenone C attenuates the second phase of formalin-induced nociceptive behavior by suppressing the accumulation of CD11c-positive cells in the paw epidermis via phosphorylated P65." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 720 (August 2024): 150077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150077.

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Kobayashi, Shoji, Ami Ando, Hiroyuki Kuroda, Shota Ejima, Araki Masuyama, and Ilhyong Ryu. "Rapid access to 6-bromo-5,7-dihydroxyphthalide 5-methyl ether by a CuBr2-mediated multi-step reaction: concise total syntheses of hericenone J and 5′-deoxohericenone C (hericene A)." Tetrahedron 67, no. 47 (2011): 9087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.104.

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"Hericium erinaceus - A Rich Source of Diverse Bioactive Metabolites." Fungal Biotec 1, no. 2 (2021): 10–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/funbiotec/1/2/2.

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Hericium erinaceus (commonly known as lion’s mane mushroom) is an edible mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is a prolific producer of diverse bioactive metabolites with neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties (e.g. β glucan polysaccharides, hericenones, erinacine terpenoids, isoindolinones, sterols, and myconutrients). Because of its anti inflammatory properties and promotion of nerve growth factor (NGF) gene expression and neurite (axon or dendrite) outgrowth, H. erinaceus is used for the treatment of Alzheimer's as well as Parkinson's diseases. This review provides a comprehensive account of the bioactive compounds from H. erinaceus (both from the fruit bodies and mycelia) and their biological activities such as neuroprotective functions, cytotoxicity, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and herbicidal activities.

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Wang, Junhong, Jing Wu, Ryo Yamaguchi, et al. "Uncovering Hericenones from the Fruiting Bodies of Hericium erinaceus through Interdisciplinary Collaboration." Journal of Natural Products, December 26, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c01018.

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Chen, Zhixia (Grace), Karen Suzanne Bishop, Jingying Zhang, and Siew Young Quek. "Neuroprotective and Anticarcinogenic Properties of Hericium Mushrooms and the Active Constituents Associated with These Effects: A Review." Food Science and Engineering, March 25, 2022, 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37256/fse.3120221166.

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Hericium mushrooms are well known for their numerous medicinal benefits, of which neuroprotective and anticarcinogenic characteristics are two of the most reported properties. This review summarizes the research advances and techniques used to study these two advantages of Hericium mushrooms reported in the latest 20 years, namely between the years 2001 and 2021. Based on published research, the Hericium-unique compounds (e.g., hericenones and erinacines) and polysaccharides are the main active constituents associated with these two properties. It was reported that about 70 such secondary metabolites were characterized to help prevent or treat neurological and tumor diseases. We have collated the above information in order to provide insights for further studies aiming to maximize the application of Hericium mushrooms as functional ingredients for neuroprotection and anticarcinogenesis.

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Li, Tsung-Ju, Tung-Yen Lee, Yun Lo, et al. "Hericium erinaceus mycelium ameliorate anxiety induced by continuous sleep disturbance in vivo." BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03463-3.

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Abstract Background Sleep disruption is a major public health issue and may increase the risk of mortality by ten-folds if an individual is sleeping less than 6 h per night. Sleep has changed dramatically during to the COVID-19 pandemic because COVID symptoms can lead to psychological distress including anxiety. Hericium erinaceus mycelium has been widely investigated in both the in vivo studies and clinical trials for its neuroprotective functions because the mycelium contains hericenones and erinacines, which synthesize the nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Recent in vivo reports have shown showed that erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelium can modulate BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathways to induce an antidepressant-like effect. A large body of evidence indicates that erinacine can pass the blood-brain barrier and suggests its neuroprotective function in both peripheral and central nervous systems. Thus, Hericium erinaceus mycelium may be a dual-function supplement for sleep disruption improvement while sustaining anxiolytic effects. Method To simulate the condition of sleep disruption, the mice were subjected to the tail suspension test (TST) for 15 min every day during the same period for nine consecutive days. Two different doses (75 and 150 mg/kg) of Hericium erinaceus mycelium were administered orally 20 min prior to the TSTs before entering the light period of 12:12 h L:D cycle. All sleep-wake recording was recorded for 24 h using electroencephalogram and electromyogram. The elevated-plus-maze and open-field tests were conducted to record the behavior activities. Results Consecutive TSTs prior to the light period could cause significant sleep disturbance and anxiety behavior in the elevated-plus-maze experiments. Results showed that administration with Hericium erinaceus mycelium at 150 mg/kg ameliorated the rodent anxiety (p < 0.05) and reversed the TST-induced NREM sleep disturbance in the dark period. Conclusion This is the first in vivo study suggesting that Hericium erinaceus mycelium has a dual potential role for anxiety relief through improving sleep disruptions.

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Surendran, Geyan, Jake Saye, Syahira Binti Mohd Jalil, et al. "Acute effects of a standardised extract of Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane mushroom) on cognition and mood in healthy younger adults: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study." Frontiers in Nutrition 12 (April 10, 2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1405796.

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IntroductionAnimal studies have suggested that Lion’s Mane mushroom [Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers.] can enhance cognitive function and mood due to its bioactive metabolites, including erinacines and hericenones. However, despite being an ingredient used both culinarily and therapeutically in the East, and more and more commonly in the West, limited research has focused on the immediate effects of H. erinaceus on the cognitive function and mood of healthy young adults.MethodsIn an acute randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over intervention study, we investigated the potential benefits of an acute dose of H. erinaceus fruiting body extract (3g of 10:1 extract) on cognitive performance and mood compared to a placebo. Eighteen healthy participants aged 18 to 35 years took part in the study. At baseline and 90 minutes post-consumption of the interventions, cognitive and mood assessments were administered to measure various cognitive abilities such as executive function, working memory, psychomotor skills, attention and information processing speed as well as positive and negative affect.Results and discussionThe results showed no significant effect of the H. erinaceus fruiting body extract for composite measures of global cognitive function and mood. However, when analysing individual tests, participants exhibited improved performance on the pegboard test at 90 minutes following a single dose of H. erinaceus.ConclusionIn conclusion, acute consumption of H. erinaceus fruiting body did not demonstrate a significant overall improvement in cognitive performance and mood compared to the placebo and any benefits may be task or domain specific. Further investigations should investigate the effects of chronic supplementation of H. erinaceus fruiting body on cognition and mood in healthy younger adults, as well as establish optimal dosage and the time to peak concentration of H. erinaceus bioactives in the human brain. Additionally, future research should aim to further elucidate potential mechanisms of action to explain potential brain region and cognitive domain specific effects, such as possible regional increases in cerebral blood flow following consumption of H. erinaceus fruiting bodies. It must also be noted that typically only Lion’s mane fruiting bodies are consumed culinarily, where up to 300g of fresh fruiting body are often consumed in the form of mushroom steaks.

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Duan, Yuanyuan, Jiaqi Wu, Fanfan Wang, et al. "Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide new insights into the appropriate harvest period in regenerated bulbs of Fritillaria hupehensis." Frontiers in Plant Science 14 (February 15, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1132936.

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IntroductionThe bulb of Fritillaria hupehensis, a traditional cough and expectorant medicine, is usually harvested from June to September according to traditional cultivation experience, without practical scientific guidance. Although steroidal alkaloid metabolites have been identified in F. hupehensis, the dynamic changes in their levels during bulb development and their molecular regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood.MethodsIn this study, integrative analyses of the bulbus phenotype, bioactive chemical investigations, and metabolome and transcriptome profiles were performed to systematically explore the variations in steroidal alkaloid metabolite levels and identify the genes modulating their accumulation and the corresponding regulatory mechanisms.ResultsThe results showed that weight, size, and total alkaloid content of the regenerated bulbs reached a maximum at IM03 (post-withering stage, early July), whereas peiminine content reached a maximum at IM02 (withering stage, early June). There were no significant differences between IM02 and IM03, indicating that regenerated bulbs could be harvested appropriately in early June or July. Peiminine, peimine, tortifoline, hupehenine, korseveramine, delafrine, hericenone N-oxide, korseveridine, puqiedinone, pingbeinone, puqienine B, puqienine E, pingbeimine A, jervine, and ussuriedine levels were upregulated in IM02 and IM03, compared with IM01 (vigorous growth stage, early April). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that the accumulation of steroidal alkaloid metabolites mainly occurred prior to IM02. HMGR1, DXR, CAS1, CYP 90A1, and DET2 may play a positive role in peiminine, peimine, hupehenine, korseveramine, korseveridine, hericenone N-oxide, puqiedinone, delafrine, tortifoline, pingbeinone, puqienine B, puqienine E, pingbeimine A, jervine, and ussuriedine biosynthesis, whereas the downregulation of FPS1, SQE and 17-DHCR may lead to a reduction in peimisine levels. Weighted gene correlation network analysis showed that CYP 74A2-1, CYP 74A2-2, CYP 71A26-1, CYP 71A26-2, and CYP74A were negatively correlated with peiminine and pingbeimine A, whereas CYP R and CYP707A1 were positively correlated. . CYP 74A2-1 and CYP 74A2-2 may play a negative role in peimine and korseveridine biosynthesis, whereas CYP R plays a positive role. In addition, the highly expressed C2H2, HSF, AP2/ERF, HB, GRAS, C3H, NAC, MYB-related transcription factors (TFs), GARP-G2-like TFs, and WRKY may play positive roles in the accumulation of peiminine, peimine, korseveridine, and pingbeimine A.DiscussionThese results provide new insights into scientific harvesting of F. hupehensis.

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Khatib, Soliman, Idan Pereman, Elizabeth Kostanda, et al. "Olive mill solid waste induces beneficial mushroom-specialized metabolite diversity revealed by computational metabolomics strategies." Metabolomics 21, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-025-02257-9.

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Abstract Introduction Mushrooms contain besides proteins a diverse pallet of specialized metabolites bioactive in either beneficial or harmful manner. Therefore, mushrooms have been exploited by humans for centuries for dietary or medical purposes. For example, the edible and medicinal mushrooms Hericium erinaceus and Pleurotus eryngii are grown commercially around the world. In nature, H. erinaceus grows on old or dead tree trunks, and P. eryngii grows on Apiaceae plant roots, whereas in cultivation, they grow on substrates mainly consisting of dry wood chips, straw, and cereals. To make their farming more sustainable, supplements such as olive mill solid waste (OMSW) have been added to support mushroom development. However, so far, the impact of substrate additives on the edible mushroom metabolic content has not been assessed. Methods Here, we examined the effect of different proportions of OMSW added to the substrate on the metabolic profiles of the fruiting body (FB) and mycelium of H. erinaceus and P. eryngii mushrooms. The study includes four groups for each mushroom species, mushrooms are grown on 0% OMSW, 33%, 60%, and 80% OMSW, with three biological repeats in each group. We used computational metabolomics strategies including GNPS molecular networking, MS2Query, and the FERMO dashboard, to organize, annotate, and prioritize metabolite features from the untargeted Q-Exactive Plus HR-LC-MS/MS metabolomics data. Following chromatography-based fractionation, the metabolite annotation of four metabolite features was further validated or fine-tuned using 1H-NMR, to resolve structural isomers. Results and discussion Our computational metabolomics strategies showed several annotated metabolite features to be affected by OSMW concentration. In general, the methanolic extracts of H. erinaceus FB and mycelium were more highly enriched with specialized metabolites than those of P. eryngii. Interestingly, OMSW increased several hericenone analogues in the H. erinaceus FB, as well as several erinacerin metabolites from the mycelium. In addition, high concentrations of OMSW decreased the enniatin metabolite abundance. In conclusion, we demonstrate how a change in substrate composition affects the mushroom’s specialized metabolome and can induce and alter mushroom metabolite content and diversity. These results highlight the importance of including computational metabolomic strategies to investigate new sustainable growth options for edible mushrooms and other natural foods.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hericenones'

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