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1
Ong, Yu Sing. "A Grace-Based Leadership Approach to Managing Gen A in the Digital Age." Business Ethics and Leadership 3, no. 3 (2019): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.3(3).88-98.2019.
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This paper discusses a grace-based approach in managing the Gen A workforce in the digital age. It is a philosophical approach that covers grace, compassion, ethics, empowerment, and trust. On the basis of the conducted research the author proposes three theoretical lenses, organizational management, religious, and philosophical hybridism to conceptualize the grace-based leadership model that addresses the deterioration in ethical business behavior which gives rise to fraud, corruption, and loss of integrity. Specifically, this paper highlights the humanism aspect of organizations from the perspective of established philosophies and religions such as I Ching, Confucianism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism. The methodological basis for this paper is found within the theological, philosophical, psychological, and managerial fields. This study uses both interpretative phenomenological and hermeneutics approaches to interpret and understand the divine and classical texts of I Ching, Confucian Analects, Sutras, Quran, and Bhagavad Gita. The main hypothesis of the research is the idea that qualitative inquiries in management and leadership contexts can be enriched through linkages to the study of interpretative phenomenology and hermeneutics. The practical significance of this paper lies in the potential for developing a theoretical framework in humanistic leadership. According to the findings, this paper concludes that the deciding factor for an organization’s success in the digital era will be its ability to evolve its corporate culture to not only take advantage of emerging technologies but also to embrace the principle of humanism in the workplace. Keywords: Gen A, grace-based leadership, I Ching, Islam, Confucian, Buddhism, Hinduism, phenomenology, hermeneutics, grace-based approach.
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Lepekhov, Sergey Yu. "The interrelationship between consciousness and sensuality in Nāgārjuna’s philosophy." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 36, no. 4 (2020): 751–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2020.412.
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The interrelationship between consciousness and sensuality is a significant problem in many philosophical systems. The peculiarities of religious philosophy consists in the congruence of using argumentation with the basic religious dogmata, which are unchangeable and uncritiqued. This aspect, in turn, stimulates the development of exegetics and hermeneutics. In comparison with the Western philosophy, the particularity of Indian and Buddhist philosophy infers a larger quantity of polemical materials directed against the representatives of other competing schools. This article discusses the formation of the concept of “sensuality” in various Buddhist schools (Theravāda, Sarvastivāda, Madhyamaka) and the mutual conditionality of the sensual and mental (nāma-rūpa) in the conceptions of Theravādins and Sarvastivādins is noted. The peculiarities of using the terms “Hīnayāna” and “Hīnayānist” in Mahāyāna texts are explained. The representatives of Theravāda and Madhyamaka distinguished the terms of “clear sense” and “hidden sense”, which, in turn, led to the appearance of the concept of “two truths” in Nāgārjuna’s philosophy. The particularities of his argumentation regarding sensuality’s absence of self-nature (rūpa) and his analysis of the various aspects of reality (including illusions, perceived as real ones) make it possible, which Nāgārjuna could admit, that consciousness could be more real in comparison with sensuality. It is concluded that there are no clear statements by Nāgārjuna about consciousness having an ontological status. In the author’s opinion, the absence of a clear division between “two truths” makes it possible to use this concept in social practice. The author’s translation to Russian of one of Nāgārjuna’s hymns “The praising of inconceivable” (Acintyastava) from Sanskrit and from Tibetan is provided.
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Collett, Alice. "Historio-Critical Hermeneutics in the Study of Women in Early Indian Buddhism." Numen 56, no. 1 (2009): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852708x373276.
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AbstractModern scholarly study of women in early Indian Buddhism began over a hundred years ago, towards the end of the nineteenth century. In this article, I assess strategies that have been prominent in scholarly engagement with the texts from the period that are pertinent to this debate. The article is focused around discussion of four historical-critical hermeneutic strategies which either have figured within the debate or, as is the case in the final section, are suggested as pertinent to the debate. The four strategies are: a hermeneutics of resonance; gender-construct hermeneutics; comparativist hermeneutics; and finally revisionist hermeneutics. The first three comprise strategies which have featured significantly in the debate, from its origins to changes that have arisen particularly during the last two decades. The final strategy is, essentially, my own assertion.
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OKURE, SHCJ, TERESA. "‘I will open my mouth in parables’ (Matt 13.35): A Case for a Gospel-Based Biblical Hermeneutics." New Testament Studies 46, no. 3 (July 2000): 445–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500000254.
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The study participates in the ongoing discussion of the relationship between hermeneutics and exegesis. A review of the main aspects of the discussion, the meanings of both terms, and key influences in modern biblical criticism reveals that hermeneutics is an operating fundamental in both ‘exegesis’ and ‘hermeneutics’. The study consequently proposes ‘exegetical hermeneutics’ as an integrative methodology which would place exegesis at the service of hermeneutics. Jesus’ use of parables models the salient aspects of the proposed ‘exegetical hermeneutics’. A concluding section highlights the implications of the proposed approach for NT scholarship.
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Borup, Jørn. "Who Owns Religion? Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Cultural Appropriation in Postglobal Buddhism." Numen 67, no. 2-3 (April 20, 2020): 226–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341574.
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Abstract While historically sharing the characteristics of a universalistic religion and a modernist grand narrative, global Buddhism is mainly the product of a late modern development. Centripetal forces with circulating ideas, practices, and institutions have been part of a liberal market in an open exchange society with “open hermeneutics” and an accessible universal grammar. Its global focus has triggered de-ethnification, de-culturalization, and de-territorialization, claiming transnational universality as a central paradigm fit for a global world beyond isolationalist particularism. However, such seemingly universalist versions of a global Buddhism in recent years, mainly in North America, have been criticized for actually being representations of particular cultures (e.g., “white Buddhism”) with benefits for only particular segments. This article investigates the discourses of this new turn, involving questions of authority, authenticity, identity, cultural appropriation, and representation. It is suggested that criticism of global Buddhism should be seen as typical of what could be called “postglobal Buddhism,” in which identity politics is a frame of reference serving as a centrifugal force, signaling a new phase in “Western Buddhism.” The relevance for the study of religion is further discussed with reflections on how to respond to post-global religious identity politics without being consumed by either stark objectivism or subjectivist go-nativism.
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Gannon, Shane P. "Conversion as a Thematic Site: Academic Representations of Ambedkar’s Buddhist Turn." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 23, no. 1 (2011): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006811x549670.
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AbstractMany scholars have written on the conversion of Bhimrao Ambedkar from Hinduism to Buddhism, trying to explain it. In this paper, I argue that a hermeneutics of conversion is needed to understand what this transition means in the larger academic community. Through using the concept of the ‘thematic site’, a narrative trope that draws on the Lacanian idea of the ‘point de capiton’ (also known as the ‘nodal point’ or ‘quilting point’), to investigate how the invisible is evoked in the visible of these scholarly accounts of Ambedkar’s Buddhism, this paper argues that academic accounts of this conversion rearticulate colonial dichotomies of modern/traditional, mapping them onto the binary of West/East. That is, by tracing common academic representations of Ambedkar’s conversion, this paper posits that there is an obfuscated relation that is articulated in the depiction of this event, a connection that invisibly connects Ambedkar’s act to colonial constructions of knowledge.
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Glowasky, Michael. "The author is the meaning: narrative in Augustine's hermeneutics." Scottish Journal of Theology 71, no. 2 (May 2018): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930618000054.
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AbstractThe parallel between Augustine's preoccupation with language and the ‘linguistic turn’ of the last century has made him a valuable figure in recent discussions on hermeneutics and meaning. Still, he has yet to be brought into serious conversation with contemporary narrative hermeneutics. In this essay, I contend that narrative hermeneutics provides a lens through which we can appreciate the important role narrative plays in Augustine's hermeneutics and, in particular, how it shapes his account of meaning. Rather than casting his perception of meaning as a static reality that lies completely beyond the text, recognising the place of narrative in his thought allows us to appreciate the dynamic and personal aspects of meaning which it produces.
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Petersen, Esben. "Hans Haas, the Songs of Buddha, and Their Sounds of Truth." Journal of Religion in Japan 10, no. 2-3 (July 14, 2021): 161–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118349-01002002.
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Abstract The writings of German missionary Hans Haas (1868–1934) were seminal texts which greatly influenced how many Europeans came to understand Japanese Buddhism. Haas became a significant actor in this early reception of Japanese Buddhism after he began working as an editor for the journal Zeitschrift für Missionskunde und Religionswissenschaft while stationed in Japan from 1898–1909. Haas covered all areas and aspects of Japanese Buddhism, from editing and translating texts such as Sukhavati Buddhism (1910a) into German to cross-religious comparisons of Buddhist songs and legends. This paper seeks to identify various elements which contributed to the development of Japanese Buddhism in Europe, paying special attention to the role of Haas’s work. In particular, it seeks to reconstruct his understanding of Pure Land Buddhism by demonstrating how a Protestant interpretative scheme, particularly that of Lutheran Protestantism, dominated much of the early reception of Japanese Buddhism in Europe.
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Morgan, Drew Phillip. "Hermeneutical Aspects of John Henry Newman's Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine." Horizons 16, no. 2 (1989): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900040482.
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AbstractRecent interest in the study of hermeneutics has called for a reexamination of many Christian classics. This has initiated a retrieval of many valuable insights found in the classics that are extremely important for contemporary theology. Newman's Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine is such a classic. From the time of its publication in 1845, the Essay has been an important and influential work in the life of Catholic thought. By reexamining Newman's work, we are assisted along the unfolding hermeneutical path known as Catholic theology. This article examines Newman's theory of development, three major objections to that theory, and a review of the relevance of Newman's theory for contemporary hermeneutics.
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Kim, Hyun Chul Paul. "INTERPRETATIVE MODES OF YIN-YANG DYNAMICS AS AN ASIAN HERMENEUTICS." Biblical Interpretation 9, no. 3 (2001): 287–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851501317072729.
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AbstractThis study attempts to explore and exemplify several hermeneutical modes of biblical interpretation in light of Asian philosophical systems, especially the concept of the dynamic relationship between yin and yang . By applying some key aspects of the yin-yang dynamics and by utilizing relevant biblical cases, the writer aims to suggest the productivity of reading the biblical texts in dialogue with Asian stories, traditions, and worldviews. The study delineates four major aspects of the yin-yang concepts: (1) duality and plurality, (2) both-and in contradiction and paradox, (3) reciprocity and change, and (4) harmony and balance. Each aspect is defined from various ancient Chinese philosophical resources. The one prominent feature of yin-yang dynamics is the idea of duality and plurality, in that one source has two aspects and those bipolar entities together construct a multi-dimensional whole. Within this complex structure, the opposite components exist together in a "both-and" mutuality rather than "either-or" reduction. In265.p65 stead of repelling against or reducing to one, the two contradictory ideas are often placed together in a dynamic correlation. This dynamic correlation is not static but fluid, constantly changing and flowing within the mutual reciprocity. Two opposite entities not only stand side-by-side but also coerce, challenge, and correct each other in a constant mutual interaction. This mutual interaction does not occur at a random accident but rather for the dynamic retrieval, retaining, and return to the centrality of balance. After defining each of these aspects, selected biblical exemplifications are discussed, in order to present a case that there are many parallel—both similar and opposite—ideas, traditions, and worldviews between the biblical texts and the yin-yang concepts. The biblical exemplifications mainly focus on Genesis 1 and 2, though cases from some other places are also discussed. Several prospects for the possible potentialities and limitations of utilizing this yin-yang dynamics are suggested at the conclusion.
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Moe, David. "Postcolonial and Liberation Theologies as Partners in Praxis Against Sin and Suffering: A Hermeneutical Approach in Asian Perspective." Exchange 45, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341412.
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In their hermeneutical reading of the Bible, postcolonialism and liberationism have some differences. Liberationism can be seen as a ‘canon within canon approach’ because it has some certain favoured texts, such as the Exodus event and the Nazareth Manifesto. By contrast, postcolonialism can be seen as a ‘canonical approach’ since it is broader in its approach to Biblical interpretation. With a critical lens, the latter hermeneutics tries to read the whole Bible, including the imperial texts.1 Yet, both hermeneutics have common goals of liberation, working toward ending domination. Both endorse the oppressed as the prime site for theology and praxis.2 The main aim of this publication is to employ both hermeneutics as partners in praxis. Using postcolonial and liberation hermeneutics, this paper will explore a theological concept of sin and suffering and three aspects of liberation — holistic liberation, exclusive liberation and inclusive liberation. It will be affirmed that postcolonial theology of liberation is not just liberation of the oppressed, but it is liberation by the oppressed for the mutual benefits of both the oppressed and oppressors in a postcolonial Asia.
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Snyman, Gerrie F. "Hermeneutics, Contexts, Identity: a Critical Discussion of the Bible in Africa." Religion and Theology 10, no. 3-4 (2003): 378–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157430103x00123.
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AbstractThis article provides a critical discussion of some aspects in The Bible in Africa: Transactions, Trajectories, and Trends (West & Dube 2000). The book gives its intended Western reader the opportunity to see (an etic view) how others perceive the Western cultural context. The discussion focuses on the following aspects: (a) The role and possibilities of critical scholarship; (b) The possibility to find a common (for those living in the West and inAfrica) reading context in the light of Cancun and the new 'Empire (c) A model for deconstructing colonial Bible interpretation over against (d) a model of connectivity between the Bible and Africa in terms of resonance and continuity; (e) The essential role missionaries played in Bible translations; and (f) a reflection on some hermeneutical considerations in reading the Bible in Africa.
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Singh, Anand. "Female Donors at Sārnāth: Issues of Gender, Endowments, and Autonomy." International Review of Social Research 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/irsr-2019-0002.
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Abstract Buddhism has different threads of traits to be explored and scrutinized. One of the important aspects is to know role and status of women in Buddhism through their visual representations in religious ceremonies, donations of the images, etc. The role, rank and implications of their participation in religious ceremonies is matter of inquiry. In particular, it is quite stimulating to know that their engagement in religious activities are egalitarian or highly gendered. Sārnāthwas intentionally chosen by the Buddha as the place of his first sermon and its importance in Buddhism became unforgettable till it was finally destroyed in the medieval period. The role of women in religious activities started in the age of the Buddha.This sacred complex shows the gender variances in ritualistic participation and donations. Here, the influence of Buddhism on women’s autonomy in spiritual/sacredengrossment is a subject of contemplation.
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Parratt, John. "Barth and Buddhism in the theology of Katsume Takizawa." Scottish Journal of Theology 64, no. 2 (March 21, 2011): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930611000056.
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AbstractKatsume Takizawa (1909–1984) was one of the most innovative of twentieth-century Japanese philosophical theologians. His study with Barth (1935) led him to attempt to bring together aspects of Barth's theology with concepts derived from Jodo-shin and Zen. He found in both religions a basic relationship between God and man which transcended both identity and distinction, which he expressed in Nishida's concept of the self-identity of the absolute contradiction. This relationship he called ‘Emmanuel 1’. The fulfilment of the relationship is ‘Emmanuel 2’ and is reflected for Christians in Jesus.
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Bobirogli Sattorov, Eldor. "RELIGIOUS PROCESSES IN SOCIAL LIFE OF EARLY MEDIEVAL SUGHD." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11836.
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This article presents the problem of religious processes, one of the most significant aspects of early medieval Sogdian society.The article discusses facts about the development of Zoroastrianism and Buddhism. The influence of Turkish-Sogdian relations on religious processes is also shown.The archival documents of the Sogdian inscription found on Mount Mugh describe the processes related to religious processes.
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Mathé, Thierry. "Le développement du bouddhisme en contexte italien. Aspects de la modernisation et du pluralisme religieux en Italie." Social Compass 57, no. 4 (December 2010): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768610383373.
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The author presents a general overview of the development of Buddhism in Italy, where a religious modernization strategy has existed for some time, even though it has not led to major institutional deregulation of the Catholic Church. This can explain the small number of Italian Buddhists in comparison with those in similar countries. The author proposes a historical, statistical and institutional presentation of Buddhism in Italy and develops a comprehensive approach that shows that Italian Buddhists, even if deriving from different Buddhist traditions, share motivation similarities. Finally, he analyzes the social and religious specificity of the Italian context, and its effect on the emergence of new Buddhist communities.
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Feldmeier, Peter. "Christian Transformation and the Encounter with the World's Holy Canons." Horizons 40, no. 2 (December 2013): 178–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2013.72.
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Philosophical approaches to hermeneutics, such as we find in Hans-Georg Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur, offer insights into how a classic text expands one's horizons, through both a dynamic game of conversation between reader and text and the enlarged sense of self that comes from entering into the proposed world of the text. Comparative theology follows these leads by showing how engaging in the canons of the religious other allows one fresh insights into one's own religious tradition's familiar and revered truths. This article is an exercise in such an approach, examining three Asian traditions and samples from their most classic textual representatives. By engaging the Dhammapada from Theravada Buddhism, classic sayings from Zen, and the Dao-De-Jing and Zhuangzi from the Daoist tradition, we see how we might appropriate the Catholic theological and spiritual traditions with fresh eyes and new insights.
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Kumar, Sanjeev. "Ambedkar’s Journey of Conversion to Buddhism." Contemporary Voice of Dalit 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x19825959.
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The history of religious conversions has highlighted two aspects. One is the transformation in one’s spiritual and transcendental realm and the other is the social and the political domain that encompasses a sense of rejection of existing religious and philosophical world views as well as assertion of one’s political outlook. In this context, this article explores the contours of one of the most important political thinkers of modern India, that is, B. R. Ambedkar who embraced Buddhism after 40 years of his experiment with the Hindu religion. This article is divided into two parts; the first deals with Ambedkar’s engagement with Hinduism with a hope of reforming the same but having failed in his attempt for 20 years, he declared to leave the religion in 1936. The second part deals with Ambedkar’s both explicit and implicit deliberations for selecting the right noble faith, that is, Buddhism whose foundation was egalitarianism, based on equality and compassion. He used Deweyian experimentalism and Buddhist rationalism, to reject Hinduism and seek refuge in the reformed Buddhism, that is, Navayana Buddhism.
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Clarke, Sathianathan. "VIEWING THE BIBLE THROUGH THE EYES AND EARS OF SUBALTERNS IN INDIA." Biblical Interpretation 10, no. 3 (2002): 245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851502760226266.
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AbstractThis paper sets out to do four things. First, it situates the concept of Subalterns in the Indian context. Caste plays an important part in its definition. Subalterns are the outcaste (Dalits) and non-caste (Adivasis) communities in the process of contracting a labouring people's solidarity. Second, it submits a methodological argument. In dialogue with postcolonial discourse on biblical interpretation, it makes the case that subalternity is characterized by the primary interplay of domestic, local and particular mechanisms of power. Thus, this location must be the starting point for interrogating the Bible from the Subalterns' viewpoint. Third, it examines the complex pattern of changes that the Bible brought about for Subalterns. Three aspects are accentuated while discussing the Bible in relation to Subalterns in India: the Bible entered into a Subaltern world that already had a long history of iconizing material objects of sacred power; the Bible was an important instrument for expounding and expanding colonial mission activity; the Bible functioned as an alternate canon within the worldview of Hinduism, which kept its sacred book (Vedas) beyond the reach of Dalits and Adivasis. Finally, it extrapolates three aspects of Subaltern biblical hermeneutics in India. There is an attribute of generosity employed in retrieving universal axioms from the Bible, which is not devoid of imaginative contextual amplification in its application to human life. Moreover, Subalterns' interpretation of the Bible is directed by the goal of transformation rather than understanding. Furthermore, the summons of Subalterns' hermeneutics is not only to take up the challenge of working within the multiscriptural context but also to take seriously the ramifications of doing hermeneutics in the multimodal and multimedia context of the Dalits and the Adivasis of India.
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Hongsuwan, Pathom. "The Myths of the Buddha’s Relics of the Tai People: Reflections on the Relationship Between Buddhism and Indigenous Beliefs." MANUSYA 8, no. 3 (2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00803001.
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This article intends to analyze the relationship between Buddhism and the indigenous beliefs that are evident in the Tai myths of the Buddha’s relics. From the analysis of the characters and their symbolic behaviour, we can see that the religious beliefs of the Tai people were very complex. The relationship between religious beliefs shown in the myths of the Tai people shows various characteristics and can be categorized into three groups: first, the conflict between Buddhism and indigenous beliefs; second, the integration of indigenous beliefs into Buddhism; and third, the integration of Buddhism into indigenous beliefs. The kind of relationship that occurs in each group is due to the variety of aspects of these beliefs that co- exist. The conflict between Buddhism and indigenous beliefs is reflected in the myth’s plot, motif and character behaviour, which is due to the conflicting behaviour of the two completely opposite belief systems in the myths. The acceptance of each offer between the two belief systems is reflected in certain sets of motifs and character behaviour. The study of the integration of the two belief systems shows the development of the mythical characters and their behaviour, thus reflecting the religious thoughts and beliefs of the Tai people.
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Gentzke, Joshua Levi Ian. "“From My Body Alone Do I Know This”: Sacrament & Scripture as Technologies of the Self in the Work of Jacob Böhme." Gnosis: Journal of Gnostic Studies 6, no. 2 (July 7, 2021): 156–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451859x-12340111.
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Abstract This essay employs Michel Foucault’s typology of technologies to elucidate the relationship between early modern Eucharistic polemics, scriptural hermeneutics, and the practice of self-creation in the work of Jacob Böhme (1575–1624). Böhme’s work has often been dismissed as philosophically and theologically incoherent. Yet when understood as a therapeutic practice of self-transformation, what might appear to be madness can be seen as method. I demonstrate that Böhme created a program of “spiritual exercises,” rooted in the corporeal imagination, which absorbed and subverted religious power by reinterpreting two institutional “technologies of power” – the Eucharist and scriptural hermeneutics – and synthesizing them into a “technology of the self.” I show that Böhme drew upon esoteric thought to radicalize early modern Protestantism, transforming it from a form of religious protest bent on institutional reform into a countercultural spirituality centered on self-creation. Thus, Böhme developed a creative hermeneutics that appropriated and rejected aspects of competing Protestant modes of sacramental and scriptural interpretation to formulate an erotic gnosis of self and world exploration.
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Kumlehn, Martina. "Grundsatzbeiträge. Vielfalt und Verschiedenheit. Religionspädagogik im Zeichen von Pluralität und Heterogenität." Zeitschrift für Pädagogik und Theologie 67, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpt-2015-0103.
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Abstract This paper is placed in the discussion about the adequate dealing with plurality, diversity and heterogeneity in religious education, especially in the different cultural contexts in East and West-Germany according to the increase of non-denominational pupils and students. It considers in a perspective of religious hermeneutics marking points of a new culture of interest in religious questions. According to the change from plurality to heterogeneity as key aspects a variety of didactical concepts is introduced which reflects the complex situation.
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Rambelli, Fabio. "Materiality, Labor, and Signification of Sacred Objects in Japanese Buddhism." Journal of Religion in Japan 6, no. 1 (2017): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118349-00601001.
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Recent studies on Buddhist materiality tend to focus on specific objects and their ritual uses, without dedicating much attention to processes of production of those objects and their actual makers. This article begins to redress this situation by outlining a general theoretical framework for the study of Buddhist objects and material culture in general through their continuous transformations—a framework that takes into account not only the ontological status and phenomenological features of individual objects, but also their signification and the various types of labor involved in their production and fruition. After proposing a general typology of objects, in order to gain a better sense of the ontological extension of Buddhism, the article also discusses the types of labor and practical activities involved in the production and use of Buddhist objects. Next, it deals with different aspects that determine the value of Buddhist sacred objects, and addresses modes of transformation affecting Buddhist objects through time and space, envisioned here as instances of broader processes of semiotic transformation (semiomorphosis). While this paper mostly examines objects within the Japanese Buddhist tradition, it hopes to offer a contribution to the study of practical materiality and labor in other Buddhist traditions as well.
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Voyce, Malcolm. "Buddhism and the formation of the religious body: a Foucauldian approach." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 23 (January 1, 2011): 433–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67398.
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Poststructuralist debates around the body have demonstrated how our knowledge of the body is constituted in specific cultural and historical circumstances and in the context of particular relations of power. This article develops this approach to the body in Buddhism and thus attempts to show how the body has been represented within different discourses in Buddhist texts. Implicit in this account is the remedying of the failure in some Buddhist scholarship to recognise different types of bodies (negative and positive) and to show how these aspects of the body, as enumerated by texts, operate together to constitute forms of identities capable of being constituted within different historical moments out of the pressure of new social and material changes. At the same time the body is seen as being capable of self modification in terms of that discourse. The term ‘body’ is used here in the sense that it implies not only a physical aspect (flesh, bones, liquids etc.), but that it is connected to various cognitive and emotional capacities as outlined in the khandhas (see below) explanation of the human constitution. The author's concern in his treatment of the body is to avoid the problems of psychological analysis, as this form of analysis often implies the existence of a psyche or soul along with the ideas of complete individual self-determination.
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Kreisel, Deanna K. "The Psychology of Victorian Buddhism and Rudyard Kipling’s Kim." Nineteenth-Century Literature 73, no. 2 (September 1, 2018): 227–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2018.73.2.227.
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Deanna K. Kreisel, “The Psychology of Victorian Buddhism and Rudyard Kipling’s Kim” (pp. 227–259) This essay demonstrates that Rudyard Kipling’s Kim (1901) engages deeply with several aspects of Buddhist thought that were also of central concern to nineteenth-century British psychology. It describes several central tenets of Buddhism as understood by Victorian exegetes, paying particular attention to the ways this discourse became surprisingly approbatory over the course of the century. It also performs close readings of three key passages in Kipling’s novel dealing with identity, will, and self-discipline that illuminate the author’s understanding of the subtleties of Buddhist thought. Its attention to the ways in which Kipling’s novel engages Asian religious practice, particularly the “esoteric” practices of meditation and trance, complicates an entrenched reading of the novel as championing British triumphalism; it does so by challenging earlier interpretations of the religious elements in Kim as constituting straightforward evidence for the novel’s endorsement of the imperial project.
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Kim, Hanung. "Rainmakers for the Cosmopolitan Empire: A Historical and Religious Study of 18th Century Tibetan Rainmaking Rituals in the Qing Dynasty." Religions 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11120630.
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Although Tibetan rainmaking rituals speak of important aspects of both history and religion, scholars thus far have paid only biased attention to the rituals and performative aspects rather than the abundant textual materials available. To address that issue, this article analyzes a single textual manual on Tibetan rainmaking rituals to learn the significance of rainmaking in late Imperial Chinese history. The article begins with a historical overview of the importance of Tibetan rainmaking activities for the polities of China proper and clearly demonstrates the potential for studying these ritual activities using textual analysis. Then it focuses on one Tibetan rainmaking manual from the 18th century and its author, Sumpa Khenpo, to illustrate that potential. In addition to the author’s autobiographical accounts of the prominence of weather rituals in the Inner Asian territory of Qing China, a detailed outline of Sumpa Khenpo’s rainmaking manual indicates that the developmental aspects of popular weather rituals closely agreed with the successful dissemination of Tibetan Buddhism in regions where Tibetan Buddhist clerics were active. As an indicator of late Imperial Chinese history, this function of Tibetan rainmaking rituals is a good barometer of the successful operation of a cosmopolitan empire, a facilitator of which was Tibetan Buddhism, in the 18th century during the High Qing era.
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Batomunkueva, S. R. "The Mahakala cult in Tibet: some aspects of its history." Orientalistica 3, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 1114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2020-3-4-1114-1130.
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The article offers a research on Mahakala cult in Tibet. Mahakala is a deity common to Hinduism and Buddhism. It appears also as protector deity known as dharmapala – the Protector of Buddhist Doctrine. The author addresses some issues regarding the genesis of this cult, namely materials and historical facts about how it did appear in the Tibetan Buddhist pantheon, and how it did subsequently receive its further development and became popular inTibet. The author uses the already published scholarly works to illustrate some of the main forms of the deity manifestation and their functional aspects. She also draws attention to the ways of Mahakala teaching lineages and transmissions as well as religious practices, which did exist in the early stages of the cult formation. The article emphasizes the importance of the deity cult inTibet, as well as the prevalence of the Mahakala Six-Armed manifestation. This ancient and multifaceted cult was tightly connected with that of the deities in ancientIndia became firmly rooted in the Buddhist pantheon. Subsequently it gained significant popularity not only in the “Land ofSnows” but also in all other areas where the Tibetan Buddhism was spread.
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Hidayat, Ade, Sunaryo Kartadinata, Mamat Supriatna, and Peni Ramanda. "Rampes: counselor characteristics in Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian manuscript." International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education 3, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/0070za0002.
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The aim of this study is a description of counselor characters obtained from the values of Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian (SSK) manuscript. Qualitative approach was used in which the data, analysis, and interpretation conformed to the principles of hermeneutics. As a method, hermeneutics was employed to interpret the text meaning within the SSK. The research procedure comprised: 1) selection of texts source, 2) dialogic process involving negotiation and re-negotiation of texts interpretation until the full understanding of the texts was gained, and 3) concept writing. The results suggest that in the SSK, there are three focal aspects supporting the counselor’s personal quality; that are: 1) religious, submissive and obidient to The Most Supernatural Power of God (Batara Seda Niskala); 2) being wastu siwong, a human being having good attitudes, excel at science, and knowledgable about the value of life; and 3) comprehensive about pangimbuh ning twah, the complementary thing toward the success of life in society. These three aspects in this study form a Rampes counselor.
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Shulman, Eviatar. "The Protective Buddha: On the Cosmological Logic of Paritta." Numen 66, no. 2-3 (April 11, 2019): 207–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341533.
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AbstractParitta — ritual chanting — is a central institution in Theravāda Buddhism, with deep roots in all historical forms of Buddhism in Asia. Nevertheless, no study provides a convincing framework for how the protective potency of the Buddha and his words is understood. Earlier strands of scholarship highlighted the psychological aspects of ritual chanting that were thought to have a positive effect on participants. Later scholars emphasized the role of paritta in the training of monks. These studies do not explain “how paritta works,” that is, for example, why, according to the views encapsulated in the texts themselves, bringing the Buddha to mind can act against demons or change reality. This article offers a close reading of the central texts of the genre in order to conceptualize the metaphysical understanding they employ. It thus provides insights regarding the unique ontological position and cosmological function of the Buddha according to the texts.
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Kurkliński, Lech. "Cultural and religious attitude to banking in the great world religions." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 20, no. 7 (February 25, 2017): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.7.05.
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The article examines the attitude of the great world religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism) toward the world of finance, including banking. The issue of usury plays a key role in the evolution of ethical aspects related to obtaining compensation for money lending. The presented analysis also focuses on other aspects of banking activities, such as saving, investing and the institutional development of the banking sector. The author underlines the far-reaching convergence between the religions in this area, in spite of the considerable variation in historical and geographical conditions of their formation. The importance of cultural (religious) differences, including some fundamental nuances that affect the banking management in different regions. For successful development, large multinational corporations have to take into consideration the above-mentioned circumstances, regardless of the globalisation processes.
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Dewi, Novita. "Postcolonial Hermeneutics: Concepts and Contribution to Understanding Socio-Religious Problems in Southeast Asia." IKAT : The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ikat.v2i1.37392.
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Scrutiny of unequal power-relations between the “East” and the “West” in politics, culture, economy, and various aspects of life is the concern of postcolonial studies. Foucault's concept of power is central in postcolonial theory with which Edward Said is celebrated for his dismantling of Orientalist views. Postcolonial literature, likewise, has contributed to the growth and development of postcolonial criticism. The first objective of this article is to give a brief overview of different terms attached to the word “postcolonial”, i.e. postcolonial literary criticism, postcolonial literature and postcolonial theory, since these terms enrich one another theoretically. The second objective is to discuss postcolonial hermeneutics as a reading tool to examine various mundane practices in Southeast Asian postcolonial society. The purpose is to achieve a balanced, reciprocal exchange of perspectives while providing legitimacy for alternative interpretations to the hegemony shown in “Western” discourse. Citing traditional ways of conflict resolution and eco-friendly land management as examples, this article concludes that postcolonial reading may shed light on how socio-religious conflicts, hybrid experiences of faiths, and other social practices operate and get their respective meanings in postcolonial countries across Southeast Asia.
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Jonker, Louis. "Establishing a Centre for the Interpretation of Authoritative Scriptures (CIAS)." Religion & Theology 26, no. 1-2 (June 21, 2019): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15743012-02601005.
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Abstract There is an institutional hiatus in South Africa regarding comparative hermeneutics, in that no dedicated attention is given to studying the scriptures of the three monotheistic traditions together. Although these three traditions are studied in isolation or as religious phenomena in various institutions, there is presently no institution focusing on the hermeneutic aspects that brought these scriptures about, that rendered them authoritative through their respective histories, that determined their interpretations through the ages, and that inform their interpretations in modern-day societies. This contribution describes a project in which a Centre for the Interpretation of Authoritative Scriptures (CIAS) is presently being established at Stellenbosch University.
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Park, Cheonghwan, and Kyungrae Kim. "Covid-19 and Korean Buddhism: Assessing the Impact of South Korea’s Coronavirus Epidemic on the Future of Its Buddhist Community." Religions 12, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12030147.
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While the Covid-19 pandemic has altered many aspects of life in South Korea over 2020, its impact on South Korea’s religious landscape has been enormous as the country’s three major religions (Catholicism, Buddhism, and Protestant Christianity) have suffered considerable loses in both their income and membership. Despite these challenges, however, Buddhism’s public image has actually improved since the start of the epidemic due to the rapid and proactive responses of the nation’s largest Buddhist organization, the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism (K. Daehan bulgyo jogyejong). This article critically examines the Jogye Order’s response to the epidemic and its impact on the order thus far, along with discussions regarding the order’s future. In particular it will examine the results of three conferences held by the order in response to the epidemic and the resulting recommendations on how Korean Buddhism should adapt to effectively address the many challenges brought by the pandemic. These recommendations include establishing an online Buddhist education system, further engaging the order’s lay supporters through various social media platforms, upgrading the current lay education program with virtual learning options that directly address problems faced by the general public during the pandemic, and distributing virtual meditation classes world-wide for those who remain in quarantine or social isolation. By adopting these changes, the Jogye Order will be able to play a crucial role in promoting mental stability and the cultivation of positive emotions among the many suffering from anxiety, social isolation and financial difficulties during the pandemic.
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Konior, Jan. "Confession Rituals and the Philosophy of Forgiveness in Asian Religions and Christianity." Forum Philosophicum 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2010.1501.06.
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In this paper I will take into account the historical, religious and philosophical aspects of the examination of conscience, penance and satisfaction, as well as ritual confession and cure, in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. I will also take into account the difficulties that baptized Chinese Christians met in sacramental Catholic confession. Human history proves that in every culture and religion, man has always had a need to be cleansed from evil and experience mutual forgiveness. What ritual models were used by Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism? To what degree did these models prove to be true? What are the connections between a real experience of evil, ritual confession, forgiveness and cure in Chinese religions and philosophies?
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MAGOMEDKHANOV, MAGOMEDKHAN M., ROBERT CHENCINER, and SAIDA M. GARUNOVA. "ETHNO-RELIGIOUS AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE PRE-SOVIET GOVERNMENT OF THE DAGESTAN REGION." Study of Religion, no. 1 (2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2019.1.29-37.
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The article studies ethno-religious / confessional and legal aspects in the pre-Soviet practice of government of the Dagestan region. The Russian Empire was one of the most varied in the world with regard to the ethnic and religious relations. By the end of the 19th century, the Russian Empire covered an area of almost 22.5 million square km., and its 125.7 million population included, in addition to Russians (about 42.0%), two hundred peoples, followers of various religions and beliefs, including Islam (11.1%), Judaism (4, 2%) and Buddhism (0.5%). With the incorporation of Dagestan into Russia, in 1868 the feudal form of government or the Khanate(s) was abolished. The institutions of civil self- government of rural societies were adapted to the general imperial goals of government and subordinated to the tsarist administration. In general, administrative and territorial delimitation at grassroots level corresponded to the traditional divisions of rural societies. The former administrative division into “naibstva” (administrative units, from Arabic نَائِب (nāʾib) assistant, deputy head) was retained...
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Szczurek, Przemysław. "Potyczki Kryszny z Buddą. Kilka uwag o polemicznej wymowie Bhagawadgity wobec wczesnego buddyzmu." Argument: Biannual Philosophical Journal 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 33–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20841043.7.1.3.
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Krishna’s skirmishes with the Buddha. Remarks on the polemical meaning of the Bhagavadgītā towards early Buddhism: The paper discusses the issue of the confrontation of the Bhagavadgītā with some aspects of the early Buddhist doctrine as presented in the Pāli canon. The confrontation points to the Bhagavadgītā as being a poem of the (broadly understood) orthodox current of Indian religious thought, which also contains some polemical elements, these mostly addressed to the most powerful heterodox religious current in the first centuries B.C. (which is most probable the date of the Bhagavadgītā’s composition). Several parts of the famous Sanskrit poem are compared and confronted with the respective parts of the Pāli canon in order to demonstrate, firstly, the different approaches of both currents, mostly in ethics and metaphysics, and secondly, the Bhagavadgītā’s reaction to particular elements of early Buddhism. The first six chapters of the Sanskrit poem have been subjected to analysis in this respect.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, Nicholas Morieson, and Mustafa Demir. "Exploring Religions in Relation to Populism: A Tour around the World." Religions 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12050301.
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This paper explores the emerging scholarship investigating the relationship between religion(s) and populism. It systematically reviews the various aspects of the phenomenon going beyond the Western world and discusses how religion and populism interact in various contexts around the globe. It looks at Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, and Christianity and how in different regions and cultural contexts, they merge with populism and surface as the bases of populist appeals in the 21st century. In doing so, this paper contends that there is a scarcity of literature on this topic particularly in the non-Western and Judeo-Christian context. The paper concludes with recommendations on various gaps in the field of study of religious populism.
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Kucera, Dusan. "Religious Roots of Innovative Thinking." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1, no. 12 (2015): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.112.1001.
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The study is based on the identifying religious (spiritual) factors important for innovative thinking in entrepreneurship and management. The author uses the Weber´s inspiring perspective analyzing the capitalism through the innovative religious concepts. It means that besides philosophical, sociological and psychological aspects there are very important and powerful religious roots which have a major impact on the emergence, development, and maintenance of the economic environment, business and management. These “self-transcendent” factors are described as fundamental roots used till today in the general spiritual concepts creating the needed frame and support of innovative thinking in entrepreneurial and managerial activities looking for any “new spirit of capitalism”. Identified spiritual character of business potentials is distinguished by positive and negative spiritual (religious) factors based on world’s religions. General religious (spiritual) factors are reflected on the background of basic selected religious systems Judaism, Christianity (Protestantism, Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy) Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and other Asian directions. The study culminates in the discovery of religiosity of the capitalism itself. All the above-mentioned points are important contribution for better understanding of current multi-cultural and multi-religious growing trends.
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Hołda, Małgorzata. "L’homme agissant and Self-understanding: Pamela Sue Anderson on Capability and Vulnerability." Text Matters, no. 10 (November 24, 2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-2931.10.01.
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This article addresses Pamela Sue Anderson’s philosophy of capability and vulnerability as an important contribution to the advancement of today’s feminist ethics. Following Paul Ricœur’s hermeneutics of l’homme capable, Anderson extends the phenomenological perspective of the capable human subject to embrace the distinctly feminine capability. She advocates for women’s recognizing and re-inventing of themselves as capable subjects, and claims that the perturbing initial loss of confidence in their reflective capacities can be redeemed via the transformations in women’s emotional and religious lives, as well as through their creative impulse. Locating in hermeneutics’ openness to ambiguity, incompleteness and insecurity a potential to unveil the non-transparent aspects of the assumed male-female equality, Anderson focuses on the interlocking aspect of human capability and vulnerability. She calls for transforming an ignorance of vulnerability into an ethical avowal of it. In reconfiguring patriarchal culture myths, Anderson sees the possibility of re-shaping our approach to vulnerability and capability, especially the human capacity for love.
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Shin, Junhyoung Michael. "The Iconostasis and Darśan in Orthodox Christianity and Mahāyāna Buddhism." Religion and the Arts 24, no. 1-2 (April 22, 2020): 38–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-02401001.
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Abstract This essay discusses how Orthodox Christianity and Mahāyāna Buddhism understood the acts of both seeing and being seen by the divine, and how such ideas affected the making and use of icons in these two religious traditions. I focus on the visual culture of the Byzantine and Russian Orthodox churches between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries, and that of the East Asian Pure Land and Esoteric schools between the ninth and fourteenth centuries, respectively. I interpret the function of the iconostasis as an enduring remnant of the Jewish veil used to obstruct God’s vision. Here, Jacques Lacan’s concepts of the gaze and the screen provide a thought-provoking rationale. In turn, I investigate the mandala and icon in Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, in which both seeing and being seen by the divine were deemed spiritual blessings granted by the divine being. This thematic comparison brings to light the less discussed aspects of Christian and Buddhist visual experiences.
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SEEGER, MARTIN. "Reversal of Female Power, Transcendentality, and Gender in Thai Buddhism: The Thai Buddhist female saint Khun Mae Bunruean Tongbuntoem (1895–1964)." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 5 (March 14, 2013): 1488–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000898.
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AbstractRecently we have seen an increasing number of publications, mostly of an ethnographic nature, describing and discussing the significant religious roles and achievements of Thai Buddhist women, not only in the field of Buddhist education, and with regard to their monastic roles, but also in terms of their roles as accomplished Buddhist practitioners. This paper examines the changes occurring in the status and position of women in Thai Buddhist practice. In this regard I focus on the analysis of one of the first widely acknowledged female saints of modern Thai Buddhism: Khun Mae Bunruean Tongbuntoem (1895–1964). Khun Mae Bunruean has obtained her increasing reputation through the advanced meditative achievements which her followers believe she possessed. I use hagiographical accounts of her as a focal point to unravel and examine Thai beliefs in relation to female sainthood in present-day Thai Buddhism. This is done by discussing gendered hagiographical writing against the background of relevant canonical and post-canonical Pali texts that have exerted authority in religious discourses on gender by informing and nurturing Thai religious value systems. This textual research is complemented by the ethnographic examination of Thai Buddhist beliefs and venerational practices which cannot be found in authoritative Pali texts but which still play a significant role in the understanding of the particularities of female saints in modern Thai Buddhism. I do not confine myself to hagiographical accounts and venerational practices directly linked to gender, but also devote some attention to other conspicuous aspects, elements, and expressions of Mae Bunruean's sainthood and her veneration.
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Martínez Guirao, Javier Eloy. "La religión institucionalizada en las federaciones deportivas. Análisis antropológico de los vínculos entre el taekwondo y las religiones orientales." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v13i2.5465.
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<p>Taekwondo has been popular for decades and its practice has become part of Western countries. One of its lines of expansion and introduction in the West, like other martial arts, was the philosophical-religious sphere, which has been promoted by the sports federations, and has emphasized aspects related to Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Korean national religions. I rely on a study of documentary sources, contextualized within an ethnographic investigation, to analyze the religious elements that appear in the material culture, values, techniques and practices that have been developed in the gymnasiums, as well as the symbolic exegeses that are made from official institutions.</p>
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Leahy, Brendan. "The Role of Canon Law in the Ecumenical Venture: a Roman Catholic Perspective." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 13, no. 1 (December 13, 2010): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x10000761.
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One of the main goals of the Second Vatican Council (the 50th anniversary of whose opening will be celebrated in 2012) was the unity of all Christians. Not least among its achievements was the fact that it launched the Catholic Church into the Ecumenical Movement and also paved the way for a global revision of the Church's Code of Canon Law. This article reflects from a Roman Catholic perspective on aspects to do with canon law and ecumenism. It does so in the light of the Council's teaching and reception. Conciliar hermeneutics and questions left open at the Council are considered. In conclusion, the author suggests that greater attention to the Church's charismatic principle and missionary mandate underlined at the Council offers wide scope for continuing exploration among Anglican and Roman Catholic canonists in the cause of unity.
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Sugimura, Yasuhiko. "“Demeurer vivant jusqu’à...”: La question de la vie et de la mort et le “religieux commun” chez le dernier Ricœur." Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 3, no. 2 (December 14, 2012): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/errs.2012.142.
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In spite of his clear and deliberate distinction between philosophical and religious discourse, Ricoeur lets these two aspects of his thought interweave with respect to the deep "conviction" motiving it. The idea of “attestation”, considered as the "password" granting access to his last "hermeneutics of the self", testifies to this in particular. This term, while containing a religious connotation, refers to what Heidegger calls Fundamentalontologie, in which attestation (Bezeugung) is totally de-theologized to indicate how Dasein assumes its own death. But Ricoeur only incorporates this notion into his thought by making it undergo a profound modification. Ricoeur replaces “being–toward–death” with “remaining alive until…”, which allows him to recognize “the religious in common.” How can we develop a conception of the philosophy of religion from this winding process? This article marks a first step toward answering that question.
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Ezzy, Douglas, Gary Bouma, Greg Barton, Anna Halafoff, Rebecca Banham, Robert Jackson, and Lori Beaman. "Religious Diversity in Australia: Rethinking Social Cohesion." Religions 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11020092.
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This paper argues for a reconsideration of social cohesion as an analytical concept and a policy goal in response to increasing levels of religious diversity in contemporary Australia. In recent decades, Australian has seen a revitalization of religion, increasing numbers of those who do not identify with a religion (the “nones”), and the growth of religious minorities, including Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism. These changes are often understood as problematic for social cohesion. In this paper, we review some conceptualizations of social cohesion and religious diversity in Australia, arguing that the concept of social cohesion, despite its initial promise, is ultimately problematic, particularly when it is used to defend privilege. We survey Australian policy responses to religious diversity, noting that these are varied, often piecemeal, and that the hyperdiverse state of Victoria generally has the most sophisticated set of public policies. We conclude with a call for more nuanced and contextualized analyses of religious diversity and social cohesion in Australia. Religious diversity presents both opportunities as well as challenges to social cohesion. Both these aspects need to be considered in the formation of policy responses.
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Janca-Aji, Joyce. "Whose Dharma Is It Anyway? Identity and Belonging in American Buddhist (Post)Modernities." Genealogy 4, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4010004.
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This study engages some aspects of the conversations, implicit and explicit, between American(ized) Buddhism in non-heritage/convert communities and religious nationalism in the U.S. Specifically, how does a Buddhist understanding of emptiness and interdependence call into question some of the fundamental assumptions behind conflations of divine and political order, as expressed through ideologies of “God and Country”, or ideas about American providence or exceptionalism? What does belonging to a nation or transnational community mean when all individual and collective formations of identity are understood to be nonessential, contingent and impermanent? Finally, how can some of the discourses within American Buddhism contribute to a more inclusive national identity and a reconfigured understanding of the intersection of spiritual and national belonging? The focus here will be on exploring how an understanding of identity and lineage in Buddhist contexts offers a counter-narrative to the way national and spiritual belonging is expressed through tribalist formations of family genealogy, nationalism and transnational religious affiliation in the dominant Judeo-Christian context, and how this understanding has been, and is being, expressed in non-heritage American(ized) Buddhist communities.
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Krist, Stefan. "Shamanic Sports: Buryat Wrestling, Archery, and Horse Racing." Religions 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10050306.
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This paper presents the religious aspects of the historical and present forms of the traditional sports competitions of the Buryats—a Mongolian ethnic group settled in Southern Siberia, Northern Mongolia, and North-Eastern China. Both historically and in our time, their traditional sports have been closely linked to shamanic rituals. This paper provides insights into the functions of these sports competitions for Buryat shamanic rituals—why they have been, and still are, an inevitable part of these rituals. They are believed to play an important role in these rituals, which aim to trick and/or please the Buryats’ spirits and gods in order to get from them what is needed for survival. The major historical changes in the Buryats’ constructions of their relationship to their imagined spiritual entities and the corresponding changes in their sports competitions are described. The effects of both economic changes—from predominantly hunting to primarily livestock breeding—and of changes in religious beliefs and world views—from shamanism to Buddhism and from Soviet Communist ersatz religion to the post-Soviet revival of shamanism and Buddhism—are described. Special attention is given to the recent revival of these sports’ prominent role for Buddhist and shamanist rituals.
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Qomaruzzaman, Bambang, and B. Busro. "Tolerance Islam Theology of Education Hermeneutic Reading of Tariq Ramadan Thought." QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies) 7, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v7i2.5128.
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<p>The survey results on the intolerance of religion teachers in Indonesia signaled the need for the formulation of a more peaceful and tolerant Islamic theological education. This paper reads Ricoeur’s hermeneutics on Tariq Ramadan’s thoughts in formulating the tolerant Islamic education theology. There are three aspects of theology proposed by Tariq Ramadan, namely (1) educational activities are at the heart of Islamic theology, there is no faith without understanding and no understanding without education; (2) education is oriented to encourage individuals to gain religious experience that bears a commitment to participate in creating justice and social achievement; and (3) religious experience resulted from the education is transformed for the benefit of people through the implementation of education and tolerant dakwah (Islamic teachings). </p>
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Pope, Robert. "Lee Roy Martin, The Unheard Voice of God: A Pentecostal Hearing of the Book of Judges: A Theological Review." Journal of Pentecostal Theology 18, no. 1 (2009): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174552509x442138.
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AbstractThis review of Lee Roy Martin's The Unheard Voice of God: A Pentecostal Hearing of the Book of Judges draws on some of the main themes of the book and poses some theological questions with the intention of continuing the book's constructive agenda. The aim is a dialogue in which aspects of Dr Martin's argument are rehearsed, questioned and brought alongside insights from other theological traditions. Hermeneutics are under consideration, specifically a Pentecostal hermeneutic, but so too are the more fundamental questions of how scripture speaks a Word of God into the faith community and how that faith community might hear it. The review emphasises the need to be careful, faithful and expectant hearers and suggests that the reader and the expositor might also have a place to play in a Pentecostal hermeneutic. Some insights from Reformed theology are presented, particularly the importance of proclamation and the role which the Holy Spirit plays in receiving and living in obedience to God's word. In conclusion, a number of questions are posed while Dr Martin's contribution is noted and applauded.
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Calis, Halim. "The ‘Four Aspects of the Qur'an’ ḥadīth and the Evolution of Ṣūfī Exegesis until Shams al-Dīn al-Fanārī (d. 834/1431)." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 22, no. 3 (October 2020): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2020.0438.
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‘The Qur'an was sent down in seven readings. Each letter of the Qur'an has an exterior and an interior. Each letter has a limit and each limit has an observation point’. This statement, attributed to the Prophet Muḥammad, has drawn the attention of both classical and modern scholars. Medieval Muslim scholars presented a variety of understandings regarding this ḥadīth in accordance with their different approaches to Qur'anic exegesis. Ṣūfī commentators on the Qur'an used the ḥadīth to justify their idea that Qur'anic verses had multiple meanings, including levels of esoteric meaning. This study traces selected important interpretations of the ḥadīth proposed by medieval Ṣūfī and non-Ṣūfī Muslim scholars, in order to show how Ṣūfī exegesis of the Qur'an passed through several transformational phases. Whereas the early Ṣūfī commentators differentiated only between literal and esoteric meanings in their interpretive practice, and their understanding of the ḥadīth did not extend beyond the scope of Qur'anic exegesis, later Ṣūfīs, such as the Akbarī School, employed the ḥadīth when building their ontological, exegetical, and even epistemological, theories, and they developed a fourfold exegetical system based on the notions of the ḥadīth. This system reached its climax in Shams al-Dīn al-Fanārī (d. 834/1431), the first Ottoman shaykh al-Islām. In his commentary, he draws parallels among ontological levels of existence, ontological levels of the divine speech, multiple Qur'anic meanings, and a hierarchy of spiritualities. As a result, his exegesis of the Qur'an functions as an epistemological medium that connects spirituality to ontology in his scriptural hermeneutics.