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Journal articles on the topic 'Hero of labour'
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1
O’ROURKE BOYLE, MARJORIE. "Harvey, by Hercules! The Hero of the Blood’s Circulation." Medical History 57, no. 1 (January 2013): 6–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2012.78.
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AbstractThis article continues the analyses inMedical History52 (2008), 73–90, 365–86 of William Harvey’s self-understanding as the philosopher and discoverer of the blood’s circulation. Harvey brilliantly and subversively assumed the persona of the mythological Hercules to embody his own anatomical labour inDe motu cordis et sanguinis(1628). He reprised the role in self-defence against accusations in the College of Physicians, London, of his breach of faith with medical tradition. Harvey sought to usurp the medical epithet ‘a second Hercules’ by reforming humanist dependence on ancient texts as authoritative medicine. A knowledge of the theory and practice of Renaissance humanism discloses his identification with the Herculean labour of cleansing the Augean stable. He employed anatomical demonstration against Galen’s porous cardiac septum, which admitted blood across the ventricles. Harvey’s oathmeherculeswore against Galen’sDiato assert the necessity of opening an alternate route for the blood flow. His Herculean labour was to dam the cardiac septum and divert the blood flow into a continuous channel through the arteries and veins. His circulation of the blood also imitated Hercules’ successful dependence on the force of the water flow to flush the Augean stable. Harvey’scopiadid not denote a quantitative amount but a powerful supply. Harvey aspired to be, like Hercules, immortal, a term which the College belatedly acknowledged. This cultural analysis exposes Harvey’s professional issues and personal ambitions, so to promote a fuller understanding of his historic role in medical discovery.
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Willink, C. W. "Sleep After Labour in Euripides' Heracles." Classical Quarterly 38, no. 1 (January 1988): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000983880003130x.
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πνοϲ, in general a common word in Greek tragedy, is a cardinal theme in the Heracles.In the first half of the play the glorious saving Labours (πνοι, μχθοι, ἄθλοι, γνεϲ) of the warrior Hero with his bow, club and other weaponry are retrospectively evoked and further enacted. Repeated emphasis on this kind of ‘noble toil’ accords with the heroic definition of ρετ, which traditionally βανει διμχθω–8 the first strophe of the long First Stasimon in honour of Heracles (presumed to be dead) ends with:ὑμνῆϲαι ϲτεφνωμα μ–χθων δι' εὐλογαϲ θλωγενναων δ' ρετα πνωντοῖϲ θανοϲιν ἄγαλμα.Heracles par excellence merits the title πολπονοϲ and for their individual greatness. πολυ- can mean either ‘much-’, so that it suffices for Amphitryon at 1190ff. to mention a single especially grand and godlike Labour:AM.μϲ μϲ ὂδε γνοϲ ὂ πολπονοϲ, <ὂϲ> πδρυ γιγαντοφνον ἥλθεν ϲὺν θεοῖ-ϲι Φλεγραῖον ϲ πεδον ϲπιϲτϲThis we may call the ‘epic’ view of the hero and of the πνοι performed by him cw ϲὺν θεοῖϲ. πνοϲ is normally martial in the Iliad.4 Note also, however, that the terminal ϲπιϲτϲ adds an allusion to the kind of martial ρετ most admired by 5th-century Athenians.
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Roberts, Michael. "A working-class hero is something to be: the American Musicians’ Union's attempt to ban the Beatles, 1964." Popular Music 29, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143009990353.
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AbstractThis article examines the historical and cultural significance of the attempted ban on the Beatles’ concerts in the US by the American Federation of Musicians and the Immigration and Naturalization Service of the United States government in 1964. While there has been much attention given to the court case against John Lennon waged by the INS and the Nixon Administration in the early 1970s, much less is known about the earlier case brought against the Beatles by the INS and the Department of Labor on behalf of the AFM, which became a national scandal in 1964, pitting fans of the Beatles against the AFM and the INS. Fans framed the controversy over the Beatles as a cultural conflict between generations, while the AFM framed the problem as a labour market issue. My examination of the incident reveals the way in which a submerged cultural problem embedded in a putatively economic discourse rose to the surface through conflicts over the discursive framing of the Beatles controversy. This case is important not only in terms of expanding our empirical knowledge of the internal history of the Beatles and rock and roll music, but also more generally as an episode that foreshadowed the cultural conflict between the American labour union bureaucracy and the counter-culture that emerged in the late 1960s. This essay analyses heretofore-unexamined documents from the US National Archives and Records Administration.
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Hebbar N., Nandini. "The unemployed hero in Indian Tamil cinema: Perspectives on youth, gender and aspiration." Studies in South Asian Film & Media 11, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/safm_00019_1.
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In this article, I explore the portrayal of the information technology (IT) boom in Indian Tamil cinema to think through representations of unemployed youth. Three main questions anchor this article: one, what are the ways in which unemployment is problematized? Two, how are depictions of unemployment (and employment) gendered? How do gendered representations of unemployment feed into dominant tropes of language, given the Dravidian orientation of Tamil cinema? Three, how are these crises resolved, and what imaginaries do they present of relationships between men and women? Through a reading of three recent films that directly or indirectly relate to the IT boom, I offer an analysis of the privileging of certain professions, skills and academic disciplines under capitalism, its effects on employment prospects for youth, as well as its gendered implications. I argue that the films assert a subculture of masculinity that represents the subaltern male’s encounter with the globalizing city and its many transformations – most visibly the feminization of labour represented by the IT industry. Refuting the claim that cinema has positively embraced neoliberal subjectivity and celebrates the entrepreneurial spirit of youth, I show that the ‘unemployed hero’ is constructed as a social conscience to highlight the problems of a globalizing world. Though many aspects of late capitalism are productively critiqued through such consciousness-raising, the breakdown of traditional gendered roles appears as a leitmotif, exposing the gendered nature of anxieties accompanying the IT boom. The remaking and consolidation of masculine identity then becomes a way to manage these anxieties.
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Milburn, Colin, and Melissa Wills. "Citizens of the future." Science Fiction Film & Television: Volume 14, Issue 2 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 115–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sfftv.2021.10.
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Over the last decade, a variety of ‘citizen science’ projects have turned to video games and other tools of gamification to enrol participants and to encourage public engagement with scientific research questions. This article examines the significance of sf in the field of citizen science, focusing on projects such as Eyewire, Be a Martian!, Sea Hero Quest, Play to Cure: Genes in Space, Forgotten Island and the ‘Project Discovery’ experiments in EVE Online. The sf stories that frame these projects often allegorise the neoliberal assumptions and immaterial labour practices of citizen science, even while seeming to hide or disguise them. At the same time, the fictional frames enable players to imagine social and technical innovations that, while not necessarily achievable in the present, nevertheless point to a future of democratic science, social progress and responsible innovation - blips of utopian thought from the zones of crowdsourced labour.
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BECKER, MARC. "General Alberto Enríquez Gallo: Soldier, Populist, Leftist." Journal of Latin American Studies 50, no. 2 (October 3, 2017): 323–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x1700116x.
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AbstractA tradition in Latin America of reliance on strong leaders becomes problematic when political parties look outside their ranks for candidates who have popular appeal but do not embody their ideologies. This contradiction emerged in Ecuador in the mid-twentieth century when the Left looked to General Alberto Enríquez Gallo as its champion. His early trajectory in the military made him a most unlikely hero for the Left, but when he promulgated progressive labour legislation he gained its strong support. It was, however, a marriage of convenience, as leftists and populists inherently follow different political logics.
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Tai, Peng-yi. "The Animator as Inventor: Labour and the New Animated Machine Comedy of the 2010s." Animation 13, no. 3 (November 2018): 238–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1746847718805163.
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Around 2010, the inventor character started to populate animated blockbusters. Computer 3D animated films and their sequels such as Robots (Chris Wedge and Carlos Saldanha, 2005), Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, 2009), Despicable Me (Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud, 2010) and Big Hero 6 (Don Hall and Chris Williams, 2014) all feature inventors and their extravagant machines. In this article, the author explores the inventive artisan character as a self-reflexive trope of the animator. She expands Crafton’s thesis of the animator’s self-figuration and Tom Gunning’s work on machine comedy and operational aesthetics to further discussions on the animator and thereby the labour of animation. The article seeks to reveal the political agenda in the new animated machine comedy of the 2010s, which not only reflects the modes of production of contemporary animation studios, but also the larger concerns in the post-Fordist mode of production.
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van den Berg, Marguerite. "The discursive uses of Jane Jacobs for the genderfying city: Understanding the productions of space for post-Fordist gender notions." Urban Studies 55, no. 4 (December 6, 2016): 751–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016680519.
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The massive increases in women’s labour participation and the return of families with children to the city are often overlooked in understanding contemporary views on urban planning, despite decades of feminist urban theory. This article proposes to understand what is termed the ‘urban gender revolution’ through looking closely at the celebration of Jane Jacobs as the planning hero of the day. Zooming in on the city of Amsterdam, this article offers a case study of the popularity of Jane Jacobs to investigate the production of space for post-Fordist gender notions – genderfication – and to ask the question what new forms of exclusions are the result of this perhaps less sexist city (when compared to the modernist patriarchal ideal that Jacobs rallied against). In addition, it posits that the genderfication-project may help to overcome inequalities along gender lines; it underlines those along class lines.
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Chuchalin, Aleksandr G. "Russian therapeutic school: Dmitriy D. Pletnev, Aleksandr L. Myasnikov, Evgeniy I.Chazov." Russian Pulmonology 29, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2019-29-2-243-247.
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This article is devoted to a remarkable data, the 90th anniversary of Academician of Russian Academy of Science, Hero of Socialist Labour of the Soviet Union, Evgeniy I. Chazov. His multifaceted personality has been formed under an influence of Dmitriy D.Pletnev, who founded of a Russian therapeutic school at the middle of 20th, the 20th century. Evgeniy I. Chazov is known not only as a scientist and a physician, but also as a talented public health manager. He was at the head of Healthcare Ministry of Soviet Union from 1987 to 1990. Under his leadership and with his direct participation, the Soviet healthcare system acquired novel modern features: a network of diagnostic centers and pediatric healthcare facilities was organized that led to decrease in child mortality, healthcare provision in extreme conditions, development of control measures against human immunodeficiency virus, and updating the legislation on psychiatric care. Novel business principles were implemented in the country by Evgeniy I. Chazov; high tech diagnostic equipment was supplied to medical institutions.
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Morgan, Peter. "Ismail Kadaré's The Shadow Literature, Dissidence, and Albanian Identity." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 22, no. 2 (May 2008): 402–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325408315769.
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In the article, Ismail Kadaré's 1986 novel, The Shadow, is analysed as a form of apologia pro vita sua about the deformations of life under a dictatorial regime. This interpretation demonstrates that Kadaré was a dissident in his own terms during the reign of the dictatorial regime and that this type of opposition was something different from the political and ideological critique of post-totalitarianism. Throughout his work, Kadaré has suggested the existence of an alternative Albania to that of the regime, intimating that the historical roots of his nation can give birth to different versions of Albanian identity to that propagated by the Albanian Party of Labour. Using the figure of the legendary Albanian hero, Konstantine, in The Shadow, The Twilight of the Steppe Gods, and elsewhere in his oeuvre, Kadaré links the contemporary problematics of dissidence and existential authenticity under the dictatorship to historical patterns of Albanian culture and individual existence.
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Jesson, Claire. "‘We shall really have to do something about your equipment’: The Projectionist's Negotiation of Obsolescence in The Smallest Show on Earth and Coming Up Roses." Journal of British Cinema and Television 15, no. 1 (January 2018): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2018.0405.
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This article analyses two British film comedies, The Smallest Show on Earth (1957) and the Welsh-language film Coming Up Roses (Rhosyn a Rhith) (1986), both of which feature projectionists as significant characters. It focuses on the implications of the projectionist as a hero within the narratives, on his portrayal and on the dramatisation of his labour. I examine the paradox of his inhabiting a central narrative role when his professional one requires his isolation and invisibility, when his own attention is funnelled towards the on-screen diegesis he is concerned to project and, moreover, when his obsolescence is mandated by cinema closure. The films' promotion of exhibition itself as object and comedic spectacle is interrogated. Within this, I attend closely to diegetic films: to how the fictive screen relates to the wider text and to how it figures or expresses its concerns and enlarges its meanings. A related area of enquiry is how institutions of cinema mirror and ‘project’ wider social issues and how cinema shapes, and is shaped by, its audiences. How does the restoration of the projectionist's libido, and his rehabilitation through marriage, relate to cinema's place within social, cultural and political life?
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Andreev, Alexander Alexeevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Alexander Alekseevich SHALIMOV – the chief surgeon of the Ministry of health of Ukraine, Director of the Kharkiv Institute of General and emergency surgery, Kyiv Institute of Hematology and blood transfusion, Kiev Institute of clinical and experimental surgery, editor in chief of the journal "Clinical surgery", Hero of Socialist labour of the USSR." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 11, no. 1 (April 8, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2018-11-1-83.
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In 1918 into a peasant family, was born A. A. Shalimov, who, after finishing school and technical school he enrolled in the Kuban medical Institute (1936-1941), he worked as a doctor in hospitals near Krasnodar, in Chita oblast (1941), in the cities of Bryansk and the eagle; chief surgeon of the Orel region (1949). In 1951, A. A. Shalimov returned to Bryansk, he defended his dissertation and received the title of Honored doctor of the RSFSR. Later A. A. Shalimov moved to Kharkov, he defended his doctoral dissertation (1957) and was appointed head of the Department of thoracic surgery and anesthesiology of the Ukrainian Institute of advanced training of physicians (1959), Director of the Kharkiv Institute of General and urgent surgery (1965), head of the Department of thoracoabdominal surgery of the Kiev Institute of improvement of doctors, as head of the surgical Department, the Director of Kiev research Institute of Hematology and blood transfusion (1970) and Kyiv Sri of clinical and experimental surgery (1971), chief surgeon of the Ministry of health of Ukraine (1980). A. Shalimov was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1969), academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1978). A. A. Shalimova awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor of the USSR (1982), Hero of Ukraine with the order of Powers (2005).
Alexander Shalimov 870 author of scientific papers, including 35 monographs, 112 inventions, he has trained 50 doctors and nearly 100 candidates of medical Sciences. A. A. Shalimov was awarded two orders of Lenin and red banner of Labor, order of the October Revolution, the order of the Ukrainian State (2005) and "For merits" of three degrees, medals and orders and medals of foreign States.
Oleksandr Shalimov was a member of the Board of the Association of surgeons im. N. And. Pirogov, the International Association of surgeons, the all-Union scientific society of surgeons, gastroenterologists and cardiologists, Chairman of the Ukrainian Republican scientific society of surgeons, full member of the new York Academy of Sciences, editor-in-chief of the journal "Clinical surgery", Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR 8-10 convocations. The international chamber of the American biographical Institute, he was elected "Man of the year – 1997", awarded diploma of the International biographical centre of Cambridge University for achievements in medicine of the twentieth century. Died Alexander Shalimov February 28, 2006.
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Nanda, Samir Kumar. "CHILD & LABOUR SCENARIO IN ODISHA." @rquivo Brasileiro de Educação 7, no. 15 (December 9, 2019): 76–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-7344.2018v7n15p75-102.
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Based upon research in the state of Odisha in India, this article describes the labour scenario in the state of Odisha during the last 82 years. Odisha became separate state on 1st April 1936. Eighty-two years since the momentous day, much has changed in the Labour relation, Juveniles, Child Labour problem & Migrant Workers of Odisha. This article also explains the magnitude of child labour and steps taken by the Government to eliminate child labour, formation of Labour Union, status of migrant workers and bonded labour in the state of Odisha. Here an effort has been made to analyse the status of child labours as well as other labours in Odisha. Identification of the area of concentration of child labour & evaluations of dimensions of the problem has been made.
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Andreev, Alexander Alekseevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "STRUCHKOV Viktor Ivanovich (to the 110th of birthday)." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 10, no. 3 (November 19, 2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2017-10-3-253.
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Viktor Ivanovich Struchkov was born 30 July (12 August) 1907 year in Ryazhsk Ryazan region. After graduating from the 2nd Moscow medical Institute V. I. Struchkov worked as a resident surgeon, and then head of the surgical Department in Voskresensk Interdistrict hospital in Moscow region (1931-1941). During the great Patriotic war, he was a leading surgeon (1941), the chief inspector and a specialist of the 21st army, the army surgeon of the 13th army in Bryansk and 1st Ukrainian front (1942-1945). In 1946, V. I. Struchkov with the rank of Colonel of medical service was transferred to reserves and became an assistant of the hospital surgical clinic, then became an associate Professor of operative surgery, since 1951 – Professor, and since 1953 – the head of the Department of General surgery of the 1st Moscow medical Institute. I. M. Sechenov, while working as chief surgeon of the Ministry of health of the USSR (1949-1965). In 1946 he defended his thesis, and in 1949 – his doctoral dissertation. In 1961, V. I. Struchkov was awarded the Lenin prize. In 1965, his monograph on "tumors of the lung" is awarded the prize. S. I. Spasokukotskogo of medical Sciences of the USSR, and Viktor Ivanovich became an academician of the USSR AMS. 1966-1976 Struchkov V. I. – academician-Secretary of the Presidium of the USSR AMS. His textbook "General surgery" was awarded the state prize of the USSR in 1975. In 1977 Victor Ivanovich was awarded the Title of hero of Socialist Labor.
Viktor Ivanovich Struchkov died on December 25, 1988. He has created a school of more than 45 doctors and 140 candidates of medical Sciences, he published more than 400 scientific works, including 33 monographs. He was the Deputy Chairman of the all-Union scientific society of surgeons, chief editor of the journal "Thoracic surgery", an honorary member of the Medical society of the name of J. Purkinje (Czechoslovakia), foreign, national and regional societies of surgeons, holder of two orders of Lenin, October Revolution, red banner, Patriotic war 1-St and 2-nd degree, two orders of Labour red banner, Friendship of peoples, the red Star, awarded with numerous medals.
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Wedderburn, Lord. "Labour Law: From Here to Autonomy?" Industrial Law Journal 16, no. 1 (1987): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilj/16.1.1.
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Lane, Pádraig G. "Review: The Third James – James Fearon, 1874–1924 – An Unsung Hero of Our Struggle, ‘The Stormy Petrel of the Transport Workers’: Peadar O'Donnell, Trade Unionist, 1917–1920, Navigating a Lone Channel: Stephen McGonagle, Trade Unionism and Labour Politics in Derry, An Index to Saothar, Journal of the Irish Labour History Society and other ILHS Publications, 1973–2000." Irish Economic and Social History 28, no. 1 (June 2001): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033248930102800137.
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Wahyuningsih, Diyan, Neta Ayu Andera, and Nisa Aprilia Andika. "The Effect of Left Lateral Position and Squatting Position on The Progress of The Active Phase of The First Stage of Labor Among Primigravida Women at Private Practice Midwife Istikomah, Amd. Keb, Sampung Subdistrict, Ponorogo District." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 8, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v8i2.art.p211-216.
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Primigravida women mostly experience prolonged progress of labor due to the stiff birth canal. There are several positions of labor that may accelerate cervix dilatation process including squatting. This study aimed to determine the effect of left lateral position and squatting position on the progress of the active phase of the first stage of labor among primigravida women. This was a pre-experimental study with Pre test - post test approach. The population was all primigravida women in labor at Private Practive Midwife Istikomah, Amd.Keb., Sampung Subdistrict, Ponorogo District, taken with an accidental sampling technique which obtained 9 respondents. The independent variable was labour position, while the dependent variable was duration of the active phase of the first stage of labor. The data collection instrument used here was observation sheet. The results were analyzed using Paired sample T-test (α=0,05). The results showed that before the application of left lateral and squatting positions in VT 1, all 9 respondents (100%) had normal labour progress and after the application of left lateral and squatting positions in VT 2, most respondents (77.8%) had labour progress in short category. The analysis obtained a p-value=0.000<α=0.05. Thus, there was an effect of left lateral position and squatting position on the progress of the active phase of the first stage of labor among primigravida women. The combination of squatting and left lateral positions during labour seems to accelerate the progress of the active phase of the first stage of labor with minimal side effects.
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Flacks, Richard, and Stanley Aronowitz. "Working-Class Hero: A New Strategy for Labor." Contemporary Sociology 14, no. 6 (November 1985): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071416.
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Ustinovich, E. S. "History of the title Hero of Socialist Labor." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 2 (February 25, 2021): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2102-09.
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More than 80 years ago, an important award was established in the USSR - the Hero of Socialist Labor. This article presents a brief historical and political excursion into the appearance and existence of this award in the Soviet state.
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Xess, Somila, and Shipra Shrivastava. "Role of fetal craniotomy in modern day obstetrics: case series." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 4 (March 26, 2019): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20191241.
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Although obstructed labor in vanished from the western world where the destructive operations are obsolete and not needed, in developing countries like India obstructed labor with dead fetus and severe infection is a sad reality, and destructive operations are an essential part of obstetric practice and cannot be wished away. In many situations they should be a preferred option to cesarean delivery which needs much better facilities and greater morbidity. Here authors present a case series of three patients who reported with obstructed labour and IUFD. Fetal craniotomy was done and thus maternal morbidity reduced. Craniotomy offers less postpartum morbidity, lesser expertise and resources and therefore better in cases presenting with obstructed labour and dead baby in developing countries.
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Warhurst, John. "Transitional Hero: Gough Whitlam and the Australian Labor Party." Australian Journal of Political Science 31, no. 2 (July 1996): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10361149651210.
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Arif, Yasmeen. "We Don’t Need Another Hero." Commoning Ethnography 3, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/ce.v3i1.6651.
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Ethnographic work occupies an uneasy spectrum of experiences, and in this timely discussion where ethnographic challenges are being given their rightful place – my arguments join the discussion by urging a slowing down, a stopping and taking stock about what counts as good work in our current professional environment. I attempt a reflection on immersed anthropologists, and in some ways, on those amongst whom we immerse. The base queries that animate these reflections are – who, what, where and how will ‘good’ anthropological work be decided. The curious fascination with heroic, ideologically driven, ‘difficult’ ethnography is a point of departure here. Once again, they lead to questions about the allocations of labor and power in ethnographic work and in disciplinary knowledge production practices.
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Ivanov, Alexander A. "Buryatia in the Days of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45: Documentary Evidence." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2021): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-2-633-639.
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The review is dedicated to the collection “Buryatia in the days of the Great Patriotic War: 1941–45,” compiled from documents stored in the fonds of the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia (GARB). The publication includes over 400 documents revealing various aspects of the republic inhabitants’ activities in the wartime. Documents are grouped into two sections. The first section mostly contains previously unpublished record keeping materials: decisions of local bodies of Soviet power at various levels, extracts from meetings of party committees, resolutions of rallies, reports on fulfillment and overfulfillment of state plan for supplying industrial and agricultural products, as well as appeals of workers and collective farmers to the Central Committee of the CPSU (B) and to J. V. Stalin personally. Some documents reveal the scale of uncompensated assistance provided by the residents of Buryatia, who gave money, livestock, and personal belongings to the state Defense Fund. Of interest is published correspondence with the command of partisan detachments, formed in part from residents of the republic, reports on trips to the front with labour gifts, and other documents. The second section contains sources of personal provenance: diaries and correspondence of military personnel called to the front from the republic and letters from the inhabitants of Buryatia to the army. Among the documents in this section there are excerpts from the diary of the Hero of the Soviet Union V. B. Borsoev, which is being published for the first time in this volume. The author describes the first period of World War II, the difficulties in supplying the warring army, the inability of the Red Army to fight and that of the commanders to control the troops. Front-line letters from soldiers and officers to their relatives and friends tell of the exploits and everyday life of the warring army, of the desire to defeat the enemy as quickly as possible and to return to peaceful life in the republic. The letters of the Kozulin brothers – Ivan, Alexei and Alexander, tankers who died in 1941–42, will undoubtedly attract the readers’ attention. The documents of the collection create a holistic picture of life and production activities of the population of Buryatia in the days of the war, reflect the complex and dramatic process of the regional economy restructuring for the needs of the country's defense, convey the labour heroism of industrial and agricultural workers and creative intelligentsia of the republic. The materials of the book recreate a true picture of those events, greatly enrich our knowledge on the life of the population of Buryatia in 1941–45, and, undoubtedly, serve as a valuable source for historians and for those interested in the topic.
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Bumochir, Dulam, Byambabaatar Ichinkhorloo, and Ariell Ahearn. "Herd Agency." Inner Asia 22, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340146.
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Abstract In this article, we draw upon ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Mongolia and China to develop understandings of herd–herder (mal–malchin) relations further. We focus primarily on horse-herding practices and related divisions of labour, and the three concepts of herd intuition (zön), serenity (taa) and fortune (buyan, khishig, zaya), to present additional interpretations of human–animal relations in Mongolia. Through this exploration, we develop the concept of herd agency and examine how it relates to specific horse-herding knowledge and techniques, as well as the cosmological significance of human–animal relations. All three concepts reveal the importance of cosmological agents with herd–herder relations. We conclude by emphasising the changing nature and politics of human–animal relations in these regions.
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Hijar, Andrés. "There are no Communists Here." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 37, no. 2 (2021): 263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2021.37.2.263.
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Workers’ unions and political projects in postrevolutionary Chihuahua, specifically the border city of Ciudad Juárez, have remained largely unexamined by historians. Existing research in this state has mainly focused on the role of political and economic elites. In this article, I examine the rise of a radical labor wing spearheaded by the communist-leaning Cámara Sindical Obrera in the political, social, and economic milieu on the border throughout the 1930s. This wing encouraged a sense of internationalism and mass direct action. Once the Cárdenas regime ended, workers experienced significant setbacks at both the national and local levels. Scholars examining workers’ movements during the same period have identified divisions within the labor movement as the main reason behind the demise of communist unions within organized labor. I argue that the gradual co-optation of the radical wing of the labor movement, beginning in the 1940s, had more to do with the violence perpetrated against these unions by emergent statewide elites than with fractures within the movement. I demonstrate that violence, arrests, and outright murder of key leaders weakened communist unions by altering their internal mechanisms designed to remain independent. In this difficult context, organized labor responded to the challenge with different degrees of success.
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Rachanioti, Eleni, Stergiani Giaouri, Eleni Laskaraki, and Anastasia Alevriadou. "“Can I Work Here?”: Employment Barriers for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities in Greece." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 9, no. 4 (August 26, 2021): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.04.1.
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Research evidence has shown that employment is crucial and purposeful for people with intellectual disabilities, promoting positive effects associated with independent living and social inclusion. Notwithstanding, people with intellectual disabilities find it particularly difficult to accomplish successful employment. They face discrimination, and they are considered to lack work capacity. The extremely marginal position of people with intellectual disabilities in the labor market appears to prevail across national settings. Over the last 35 years, there has been an improvement in the vocational inclusion of individuals with intellectual disabilities in Greece, with the legislation embracing the human rights-based approach to disability. Nevertheless, the challenge of accomplishing full participation and equality in employment for people with intellectual disabilities still remains huge in Greece. Their participation rates in the Greek labour market are significantly lower than in the rest of the European Union. This article illustrates the employment provisions for individuals with intellectual disabilities in Greece. Additionally, it presents the current implemented models of their occupational inclusion while critically discussing the convention's pursuance on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in the Greek context.
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Bevir, Mark. "The Labour Church Movement, 1891–1902." Journal of British Studies 38, no. 2 (April 1999): 217–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386190.
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Historians of British socialism have tended to discount the significance of religious belief. Yet the conference held in Bradford in 1893 to form the Independent Labour Party (I.L.P.) was accompanied by a Labour Church service attended by some five thousand persons. The conference took place in a disused chapel then being run as a Labour Institute by the Bradford Labour Church along with the local Labour Union and Fabian Society. The Labour Church movement, which played such an important role in the history of British socialism, was inspired by John Trevor, a Unitarian minister who resigned to found the first Labour Church in Manchester in 1891. At the new church's first service, on 4 October 1891, a string band opened the proceedings, after which Trevor led those present in prayer, the congregation listened to a reading of James Russell Lowell's poem “On the Capture of Fugitive Slaves,” and Harold Rylett, a Unitarian minister, read Isaiah 15. The choir rose to sing “England Arise,” the popular socialist hymn by Edward Carpenter:England arise! the long, long night is over,Faint in the east behold the dawn appear;Out of your evil dream of toil and sorrow—Arise, O England, for the day is here;From your fields and hills,Hark! the answer swells—Arise, O England, for the day is here.As the singing stopped, Trevor rose to give a sermon on the religious aspect of the labor movement. He argued the failure of existing churches to support labor made it necessary for workers to form a new movement to embody the religious aspect of their quest for emancipation.
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Gorodetska, Galyna. "Between 'here' and 'there': marginalization of Ukrainian labour migrants." Ukrainian society 2014, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2014.02.007.
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Smith, Noel. "Economic inequality and poverty: where do we go from here?" International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 30, no. 3/4 (April 27, 2010): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443331011033328.
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PurposeThe paper aims to compare applied social policy approaches to child poverty and economic inequality, the latter being mainly operationalised in the UK in terms of social mobility.Design/methodology/approachThe paper considers the theoretical stance underpinning New Labour's approach towards social policy, with particular reference to “individualisation”, and reviews Government strategies towards tackling poverty and economic inequality.FindingsDespite a decade of unprecedented investment, there is an impasse in reducing child poverty and economic inequality has increased. Policy now relies on education as being the clinching factor to break this impasse. Education is vital but education alone will not tip the balance in eradicating poverty. The assumption that education will facilitate social mobility, by serving to position the UK at the high end of the global labour market, fails to address the prevalence of the “low‐pay‐no‐pay” cycle associated with the flexible labour market. Further measures are necessary to ensure that the labour market accommodates the needs of those entering it.Originality/valueThe paper shows that, given the failure of current social policy to address poverty and inequality, especially given that post‐recession conditions are likely to be less favourable than in the last decade, there is an urgent need for bold, new policy thinking. Pinning all hopes on education – and seeing solutions only in terms of individuals' skills and aspirations, without critical consideration of the nature of the labour market – cannot be accepted as the best way forward.
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Liventsev, N. N. "Nikolay Nikolaevich Lubimov, Professor of MGIMO and Hero of Socialist Labor." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(19) (August 28, 2011): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2011-4-19-295-296.
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Schewe, Rebecca L., and Bernadette White. "Who Works Here? Contingent Labor, Nonfamily Labor, and Immigrant Labor on U.S. Dairy Farms." Social Currents 4, no. 5 (January 9, 2017): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496516686539.
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Using a survey of dairy farmers in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Florida, this study examines labor patterns on U.S. dairy farms by analyzing employment of nonfamily and immigrant labor, as well as labor precarity and contingency. We build upon and connect two divergent theoretical frames: first, the contradictory class location of family farmers, and second, the neoliberal rise of precarious and contingent labor. We move beyond the family/nonfamily farm binary often found in examinations of the class location of family farmers, including the interplay of family and nonfamily labor, demonstrating that farm size is an equally important component of labor relations to farm ownership structure. Farms’ labor relations more accurately exist on a continuum between “family” and “industrial” that reflects both ownership structure and farm size. Extending the study of precarious and contingent labor into the agricultural sector, we suggest that high rates of overtime work may be a unique form of labor precarity in agriculture, not just part-time work. Scholars must acknowledge that labor precarity and contingency may take different forms across diverse sectors.
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Sulhan, Moh. "Nilai Profetis Pendidikan Islam untuk Menanggulangi Perdagangan Manusia." Nadwa 6, no. 2 (March 22, 2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/nw.2012.6.2.585.
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<p>Traffi</p><p>cking creates human as commerce object by deception modus, trap, tease, fake appointment, forcing and exploitation, even the violations that insult the human. The Consortium of Indonesia Migrant Labour (KOBUMI) noted that 1-1.5 million from 5 million of Indonesia migrant labours are the victim. American Center for International Labor Solidarity (ACILS) report in 2003 noted that 700.000 to 1 million Indonesia migrant labours who is employable as prostitute. Many of provinces in Indonesia, such as North Sumatra, Riau, Lampung, West Java, Jakarta, Central Java, East Java, West Borneo, East Borneo, North Cele-bes, Bali, and The West Lesser Sundas are the sources of trafficking area. Seeing that trafficking serious problem in Indonesia, it is important to encourage the prevention by adopting many of ethic values as the reinforcement of human re-source and education. Here, Islamic education is important enough to overcome anti-trafficking.<br /><br /><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong></strong><br />Trafficking menjadikan manusia sebagai objek perdagangan melalui modus pen-ipuan, jebakan, bujuk rayu, janji palsu, pemaksaan dan eksploitasi serta bentuk-bentuk pelanggaran yang merendahkan martabat manusia. Konsorsium Buruh Migran Indonesia (KOBUMI) mencatat 1-1,5 juta dari 5 juta buruh migran In-donesia adalah korban. American Center for International Labor Solidarity (ACILS) report 2003 mencatat terdapat 700.000 sampai 1 juta buruh migran Indonesia yang dipekerjakan sebagai pekerjaan seksual, penghibur, dan ek-sploitasi kerja lainnya. Banyak propinsi di Indonesia seperti, Sumatera Utara, Riau, Lampung, Jawa Barat, Jakarta, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Timur, Sulawesi Utara, Bali dan Nusa Tenggara Barat adalah sumber daerah Trafficking. Melihat demikian serius problem Trafficking di In-donesia, dirasa sangat penting untuk mencari bentuk pencegahan melalui adopsi berbagai nilai etis bagi penguatan sumber daya manusia, penguatan kapasitas dengan pendidikan. Di sini, letak Pendidikan Islam untuk menanggulangi anti Trafficking ini menjadi penting untuk dirumuskan.<br /><br /></p>
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Anand, Nikhil, and Hardik Shah. "A clinical study of maternal outcome in post dated pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 3573. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193777.
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Background: Pregnancy lasting beyond 40 weeks is a known complication of normal delivery. Studies have found incidence between 2-14%. Post-dated pregnancy carries specific hazards to both mother and fetus. While mothers are faced with problems like increased incidences of induced labour, instrumental delivery and LSCS with associated morbidities, fetuses are faced with morbidities ranging from IUGR to macrosomia. We here tried to study maternal outcome in post-dated pregnancy. The objective is to study maternal outcome in post-dated pregnancy and to compare maternal outcome in spontaneous versus induced labour in post-dated pregnancy.Methods: This study was done at a tertiary care hospital in obstetrics and gynecology department for duration of 18 months. After screening according to inclusion criteria, all patients who were admitted in labour wards were grouped in two groups according to clinical examination. First group consists of patients with spontaneous onset of labour and second group consists of patients with induction of labour. In each group same protocol for fetal monitoring were performed, and labor monitored according to standard partograph. Maternal outcomes in both groups were studied.Results: Maternal outcomes were nearly same in both groups; induced and spontaneous onset of labour, except rate of LSCS, Which was more in induced group though not statistically significant.Conclusions: Women with uncomplicated post dated pregnancies with good bishop score should be allowed spontaneous labour and those with poor bishop should be offered induction of labour, while women with any complicating factors LSCS should be considered.
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Andreev, Alexandr Alexeevich, and Anton Ostroushko. "Russian surgeon and public figure, Academician Nikolai Nikolaevich BLOKHIN (to the 105th anniversary of birthday)." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 10, no. 1 (August 8, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2017-10-1-87.
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N. Blokhin was born in 1912 in the town of Lukoyanov in the Nizhny Novgorod region now. In 1934 he graduated from the Gorky medical Institute. From 1934 to 1937 – postgraduate, 1937 assistant Professor of the Gorky medical Institute. From 1941 to 1946 – the leading surgeon of evacuation hospitals. From 1946 to 1947, head of the clinic of the Gorky research Institute of reconstructive surgery, traumatology and orthopedics. From 1948 to 1951, Director of the Institute of reconstructive surgery, traumatology and orthopedics, Ministry of health of the RSFSR, and then from 1951 to 1952 – Director of the Gorky medical Institute. S. M. Kirov. At the same time from 1948 to 1950 – Professor, Department of surgery, University hospital and from 1950 to 1951 – head of the Department of General surgery of the Gorky medical Institute. S. M. Kirov. Since 1952 Director of the Institute of experimental pathology and therapy of the USSR Academy of medical Sciences. In 1953 N. N. Blokhin was elected a corresponding member, and in 1960 a full member, 1960-1968 from 1977 to 1987 and was the President of the USSR AMS. In 1966 N. N. Blokhin was elected President, since 1970, former President, since 1974 – life member of the Council of the International anticancer Union. Since 1975, academician N. N. Blokhin was Director of the all-Union oncological scientific center, Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR (now the Russian oncological scientific center named. N. N. Blokhin of the RAMS). In 1979 he was elected academician of the USSR. From March 1988 — honorary Director of the Russian oncological scientific center, Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR, since 1991 — the adviser of the Presidium of the USSR AMS. He died on 16 may 1993 in Moscow.
Blokhin – President of RAMS, academician of (1960) and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1979), RAS (1991), Honored scientist of the RSFSR (1975), Chairman of the Committee on international Lenin prize, President of the society "USSR – USA", honorary member of several foreign academies of Sciences and scientific societies, honorary citizen of the city of Gorky (1983), and Texas (1970), Hero of Socialist labor (1972), laureate of the State prize of the USSR (1982) and the prize of the Presidium of the Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR (1956), awarded with orders of red Star (1942), the Lenin (1961, 1962, 1972, 1982), the red banner of Labour (1969), the October revolution (1987), was a Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the seven convocations, a delegate to three congresses of the CPSU. Academician N. N. Blokhin is the author of over 300 scientific papers and several monographs. Under his leadership, has trained more than 60 doctors and candidates of Sciences.
The name of academician N. N. Rated Blokhin Russian cancer research center RAMS (1993), Diveevsky district Central hospital. A memorial plaque with his name was set on the buildings of the Nizhny Novgorod state medical Academy and Nizhny Novgorod scientific research Institute of traumatology and orthopedics.
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Janssen, Brandi. "Herd Management: Labor Strategies in Local Food Production." Anthropology of Work Review 34, no. 2 (November 28, 2013): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/awr.12011.
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Krabel, Stefan, and Choni Flöther. "Here Today, Gone Tomorrow? Regional Labour Mobility of German University Graduates." Regional Studies 48, no. 10 (November 23, 2012): 1609–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2012.739282.
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Hurst, Peter. "Health and Child Labor in Agriculture." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28, no. 2_suppl2 (June 2007): S364—S371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265070282s216.
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Background Seventy percent of child laborers—more than 150 million girls and boys under 18—are agricultural workers. They are harshly exploited, toiling in poor to appalling conditions, performing dangerous jobs with little or no pay, and are deprived of an education. Because children's bodies and minds are still growing and developing, exposure to workplace hazards and risks can be more devastating and long-lasting for them. The line between what is acceptable work and what is not is easily crossed. However, not all work that children undertake in agriculture is bad for them. Age-appropriate, lower-risk tasks that do not interfere with schooling and leisure time are not at issue here. Objectives The goal of this paper is to examine the links between health and child labor in agriculture. It aims to explain why the International Labour Organization's goal of eliminating all of the worst forms of child labor by 2016 will only be possible if more work is done in agriculture. Methods Review of the relevant literature and data on the hazards of child labor and the reasons why agricultural child labor is particularly difficult to tackle. Results Children who work in agriculture are exposed to a large number of health hazards, and yet the problem is particularly difficult to tackle because of the large numbers involved, the young age at which children start to work, the hazardous nature of the work, lack of regulation, invisibility of child laborers, denial of education, the effects of poverty, and ingrained attitudes and perceptions about the roles of children in rural areas. Conclusions Policies for preventing and reducing agricultural child labor should mainstream and integrate child labor issues at the national and international levels with increasing emphasis on poverty alleviation and expanding and improving institutional mechanisms for education, law enforcement, health, and so forth. Cooperation between the International Labour Organization and international agricultural organizations is needed to ensure that child labor in agriculture is a thing of the past.
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Abidin, Crystal. "Somewhere between here and there." Journal of Digital Social Research 2, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 56–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33621/jdsr.v2i1.20.
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Despite our preparation for fieldwork, a majority of what ethnographers actually do in the field is based on ‘gut-feeling’, ‘sensing’, and ‘whim’. This paper is a piece of reflexive ethnography detailing a series of minor but important methodological decisions pertaining to researcher visibility throughout fieldwork in a digital community of social media Influencers. It details one anthropologist’s private negotiations during the foray into the Influencer industry by situating the self along various spectrums of conspicuousness. These confessional anecdotes of ‘behind the scenes’ labour can be taken as suggestions on how to negotiate one’s positionalities during ethnographic encounters between and betwixt physical and digital fieldsites. I detail these through six experiences from the field – as the esteemed guest, the exotic inbetweener, the willing apprentice, the trophy acquaintance, the concealed consultant, and the passing confidante – in which I negotiate being ‘seen’, being on ‘show’, and ‘seeing’ from somewhere between here and there.
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Garcia Botero, Gustavo, Jacqueline Garcia Botero, and Frederik Questier. "Governmental partnerships for language learning: A commercial language platform for young workers in Colombia." EuroCALL Review 25, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2017.8620.
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<p>In June 2015, the Colombian government via the Labor Ministry announced a project for young workers called 40.000 Primeros Empleos. In the framework of this project, the Ministry of Labor signed an alliance with the language platform Duolingo as a strategy to provide participants with English learning opportunities and a free language certificate. With the help of a monitoring and evaluation perspective, this study describes Colombian English language learning policies and their relationship with the labour market. The discussion presented here intends to maximize the outcomes of these kinds of agreements and to provide insights for researchers and national stakeholders willing to carry out similar projects in their countries. Certification is also thoroughly analyzed as a means of estimating the possible impact of this partnership.</p>
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Krpalkova, L., V. E. Cabrera, J. Kvapilik, and J. Burdych. "Dairy farm profit according to the herd size, milk yield, and number of cows per worker." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 62, No. 5 (May 27, 2016): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/126/2015-agricecon.
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The study evaluates the associations of the farm herd size (HERD), the milk yield (MY, kg/cow per year), and cows per worker (CW) with the production, reproduction, and economic traits in 60 commercial dairy herds (34 633 cows) in the Czech Republic. Each parameter was split into 3 groups. The largest herds (≥ 750 cows) had the highest profitability of costs without subsidies (−3.8 ± 4.3%), the lowest cost for roughages (1.2 CZK/L milk), and the lowest cost for breeding operations (0.17 CZK/L milk), but the highest costs for the cereal grains and concentrates (2.4 CZK/L milk). Herds with the lowest MY (≤ 7 499) had the lowest profitability of costs without subsidies (−15.8 ± 3.93%), the highest total costs (9.27 CZK/L milk), the highest labour costs (1.6 CZK/L milk), and the highest cow depreciation costs (0.97 CZK/L milk). Herds with the lowest CW (≤ 39) had the highest mean labour costs (1.51 CZK/L milk) and the highest costs for breeding operations (0.22 CZK/L milk). Herds with the highest CW (≥ 60) and the lowest CW (≤ 39) also differed in the total feed costs (4.1 vs. 3.73 CZK/L milk) and the costs of cereals and concentrates (2.34 vs. 1.96 CZK/L milk). The increasing herd size tended to be accompanied by higher milk yields and the overall efficiency.
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BUTT, B. "Ecology, mobility and labour: dynamic pastoral herd management in an uncertain world." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 35, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.35.2.2530.
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Labuhn, M., V. Vuaroqueaux, F. Fina, A. Schaller, I. Nanni-Metellus, W. Küng, S. Eppenberger-Castori, P. M. Martin, and U. Eppenberger. "Simultaneous Quantitative Detection of Relevant Biomarkers in Breast Cancer by Quantitative Real-Time PCR." International Journal of Biological Markers 21, no. 1 (January 2006): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460080602100105.
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The assessment of ERα, PgR and HER2 status is routinely performed today to determine the endocrine responsiveness of breast cancer samples. Such determination is usually accomplished by means of immunohistochemistry and in case of HER2 amplification by means of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The analysis of these markers can be improved by simultaneous measurements using quantitative real-time PCR (Qrt-PCR). In this study we compared Qrt-PCR results for the assessment of mRNA levels of ERα, PgR, and the members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4. The results were obtained in two independent laboratories using two different methods, SYBR Green I and TaqMan probes, and different primers. By linear regression we demonstrated a good concordance for all six markers. The quantitative mRNA expression levels of ERα, PgR and HER2 also strongly correlated with the respective quantitative protein expression levels prospectively detected by EIA in both laboratories. In addition, HER2 mRNA expression levels correlated well with gene amplification detected by FISH in the same biopsies. Our results indicate that both Qrt-PCR methods were robust and sensitive tools for routine diagnostics and consistent with standard methodologies. The developed simultaneous assessment of several biomarkers is fast and labor effective and allows optimization of the clinical decision-making process in breast cancer tissue and/or core biopsies.
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Wajeetongratana, Prateep. "Economic growth and its key factors: an alternative view on the factors stimulating agriculture growth." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 13028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017513028.
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This research study makes an attempt to study the impacts of natural resources as well as financial and labor factors on economic development of contemporary states. Also, it investigates the correlation between all these factors mentioned above, in the context of countries’ economic growth. The obtained here results have helped us determine the core reasons behind international migration as a global phenomenon applicable to all countries without exceptions. Indirectly, we also demonstrate the transforming role of the labour factor as applied to economic development of countries and regions. Finally, positive impacts of a set of manufacturing factors on both international and domestic markets are demonstrated.
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Barrett, James R. "Whiteness Studies: Anything Here for Historians of the Working Class?" International Labor and Working-Class History 60 (October 2001): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547901004392.
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This response takes up four of Eric Arnesen's many objections to whiteness research: (1) the fuzziness of the definitions for “whiteness”; (2) the notion of a process by which European immigrants “became white”; (3) the sloppy research methods; and (4) the political posturing of some authors. Although I consider a range of works, I concentrate mainly on those of David Roediger. A serious analysis of the roots of white working-class racism was long overdue, and Roediger and his colleagues have advanced this study significantly. They have demonstrated the severe social limits and the racist implications of labor republicanism, an organizing principle for so much nineteenth-century labor history. They have placed racial identity at the center of class analysis and focused attention on the racialized character of class experience and consciousness. The notion of socially constructed understandings of race has also stimulated a more interethnic approach in studies of immigrant workers, and helped to bridge the obvious divisions between labor history and African-American, Asian-American, and Latina/o history. The study of whiteness has helped us to “denaturalize” race and look much more closely at the whole idea of white identity. We are due for a critical evaluation of this literature from the perspective of labor history, but it is far too early to discard the concept of “whiteness.” On the contrary, the most important work, in the form of rigorous studies of particular workplaces, unions, and communities, is really just beginning. In the meantime, the work has stimulated some much-needed rethinking.
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Hussain, Yasmin. "‘I was professor in India and here I am a taxi driver’: Middle class Indian migrants to New Zealand." Migration Studies 7, no. 4 (July 16, 2018): 496–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/migration/mny025.
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AbstractThis paper examines the experiences of middle class Indian migrants to New Zealand. Using qualitative data from interviews with this under-researched group the paper analyses their migratory strategies, labour market experiences and reasons for choosing New Zealand over other potential destinations. In the New Zealand labour market they experience an under valuation of their Indian qualifications, and interviewees reported taking low level service employment, and only sometimes progressing to middle class forms of employment. In addition, data from the interviews suggests that there is evidence of a ‘brain drain’ from India to New Zealand rather than a circulation of talent that has been the focus of recent theories. Unlike other studies of migration of highly qualified Indian labour this study finds that they are attracted by the environment and family friendly lifestyle of New Zealand as marketed by the New Zealand government to potential immigrants. Contrary to many previous studies, the findings suggest that migration is a family rather than an individual strategy.
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Sayan-Cengiz, Feyda. "‘She just does not fit in here’: Identity, politics of appearance and aesthetic labour in Turkey’s retail landscapes." International Journal of Fashion Studies 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/infs_00026_1.
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This study looks into the politics of appearance in the retail sales labour market for women in Turkey and explores how norms of ‘being presentable and fashionable’ prevailing in different retail landscapes map onto intersections of class, status and the fault lines of Turkey’s identity politics. In an attempt to understand how such norms are constructed, this article employs the discussion on aesthetic labour and focuses on the aesthetic labour requirements in large-scale retailers selling or competing with global brands, small-scale retailers and tesettür retailers. The article relies on data derived from participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus groups conducted with saleswomen and employers in different retail landscapes in five cities of Turkey between 2009 and 2012. The study suggests that large-scale retailers and shopping malls require retail workers to convey an appearance and deportment that fits in with globally circulating images of what is taken to be ‘normal’, middle class and fashionable, leading to the exclusion of saleswomen with headscarves as they are perceived to manifest a particularity and deviation from a normalized middle-class identity. On the other hand, in tesettür chain stores competing in the area of global veiling fashion, the headscarf is usually a requirement as a part of the globally relevant, Islamic middle-class image that retail workers are expected to embody. The norms of aesthetic labour in both kinds of large-scale retailers differ sharply from small-scale retailers, where embodying local gendered norms, and the ability to manage relations in local marketplaces surface as the most salient requirements from retail saleswomen.
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Kostin, Vladimir M. "Labour, spirituality, courage." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Philology. Journalism 21, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1817-7115-2021-21-1-108-110.
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A peer-reviewed two-volume book of the memoirs was written by a person passionate about his work. Real, genuine speech is heard here, giving away both a Moscovite, a scientist, and a personality with a magnificent sarcastic flair. The memoirs of V. S. Veselovskiy Problems of Our Life are one of the most informative, noticeable and interesting publications of this kind in the 21st century Russia, and they should be included in the mandatory reading list for the students of humanities.
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Kramer, Benedikt, Anke Schorr, Reiner Doluschitz, and Markus Lips. "Short and medium-term impact of dairy barn investment on profitability and herd size in Switzerland." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 6 (June 18, 2019): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/170/2018-agricecon.
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Investing in larger barns and increasing herd size are crucial milestones in dairy production. Based on the Swiss Farm Accountancy Data Network and data on government-supported investments, we investigate the development of two key variables over the first eight years after investment: change in herd size and calculated profit, that is, farm income minus opportunity costs for family labour and capital. We apply a fixed-effects panel regression and test for autocorrelation present in the time series. Compared to the year before the investment, calculated profit decreases in the first three years, while in the remaining years no significant difference compared to the year before investment can be seen. Herd size increases slowly, predominantly in the second and third years after investment, to some extent explaining the less favourable development of profitability in these years. We conclude that investment in a dairy barn does not lead to improved profitability in the short and medium term, pointing to the question of whether this picture changes in the long term.<br />
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Joyce, K. E., K. E. Smith, C. Sullivan, and C. Bambra. "‘Most of industry's shutting down up here. . .’: Employability Initiatives to Tackle Worklessness in Areas of Low Labour Market Demand." Social Policy and Society 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746410000060.
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Employability initiatives are becoming increasingly popular in government discourse as a means of tackling worklessness. Here we discuss the findings of a small-scale, qualitative study which mapped the impacts of a multi-intervention programme on participants’ health, wellbeing and employability. Each of the 13 interventions was independently appraised through focus groups or semi-structured interviews. Thematic analyses revealed that participants from all interventions reported increased self-confidence, with several individuals suggesting that project involvement had facilitated their movement into the labour market. While the findings illustrate some positive outcomes, we argue that government policy needs to consider more carefully strategies that also address the demand side of the labour market.
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Bruneau, Catherine, and Pierre-Luis Girard. "Labor Productivity in France: Is the Slowdown of its Growth Inevitable or are there Levers to fight it?" Athens Journal of Business & Economics 7, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 9–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.7-1-1.
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Labour productivity in most advanced countries has slowed in successive stages since the 1970’s and, after the 2008 crisis, it has reached its lowest level since World War II. Here we analyze the trend evolution of the aggregate labor productivity per hour worked in France, over the last four decades, with two main questions. 1) Is the slowdown of labor productivity growth a process which began far before the Great Recession and should it continue with just temporary yet persistent effects of the 2008 crisis and 2) are there levers to reverse the current trend? We proceed in two steps. First, the trend (log) productivity is described as a deterministic piecewise linear function of time, involving so-called structural breaks, and, second, without breaks, as a linear function of fundamentals derived from an augmented growth model including Human capital. We propose a thorough econometric investigation with multiple robustness analyses involving sector-specific analyses. The structural specifica-tion we retain is able to explain the evolution of labor productivity over the last four decades. The accumulation of human capital has been the main driver of productivity growth over the period of interest while France is close to the technological frontier.