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Journal articles on the topic 'Heroes in mass media in fiction'
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1
Subbotina, M. V. "Non-heroic heroes: Two approaches to the analysis of media images." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-623-633.
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In the contemporary society, media heroes are one of the most influential reference groups, which determines our perception of our own life in terms of happiness, success, justice, well-being, or, on the contrary, in opposite terms. The article is a review of two books: Salakhieva-Talal T. Psychology in Cinema: How to Make Heroes and Stories . Moscow: Alpina non-fiction; 2019. 349 p.; and Lilti A. The Invention of Celebrity. Transl. from French by P.S. Kashtanova. Saint Petersburg: Ivan Limbakh Publishing House; 2018. 496 p. The author believes that such works are necessary to broaden the horizons of the sociologist focusing on the development of social representations of happiness, justice and well-being: these works explain psychological and visual (the first book) and historical and media (the second book) prerequisites and tools for creating heroes as role models.
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Thompson, Gareth. "Help for Heroes: From organizational discourse to a new orthodoxy." Public Relations Inquiry 7, no. 1 (January 2018): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2046147x17753438.
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This article offers an account of the institutional entrepreneurship behind the formation of the UK charity for military veterans, Help for Heroes, along with an analysis of the symbols, narratives and rhetoric that made up its organizational discourse. Tracing the development of the charity since its launch in 2007, the inquiry considers the means of transmission used by Help for Heroes to diffuse its organizational discourse, arguing that a dualistic promotional approach across elite and mass media – narrative through a network of support from mass media outlets as well as individual actors, such as members of the Royal Family, politicians and celebrities – helped to propagate a new national orthodoxy of veterans as heroes. The conclusion is that 10 years after its foundation, Help for Heroes’ discursive legacy has reinvigorated the veteran charity sector in a way not seen since the end of World War I and established a wide and deep level of support among civic society for veterans as a social cause, regardless of the level of support for the underlying military operations.
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Schott, Christine. "Harry Potter and cancel culture: Responding to fallen heroes." Journal of Fandom Studies, The 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jfs_00069_1.
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In the wake of the ongoing turmoil caused by J. K. Rowling’s tweets expressing transphobic prejudice, hurt fans must decide what, if any, future relationship they will have with the Harry Potter series. This article argues that the books provide a training ground for young people learning to grapple with difficult issues like problematic heroes, and that engaging in two kinds of fan activities can enable fans to continue to find value in Harry Potter while simultaneously registering their objections to prejudice and bias. These two activities are literary analysis and fan fiction, and both empower fans to articulate the problems of social justice in sustained, thoughtful ways that other short-form mediums like social media do not.
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Rafolt, Leo. "Terror of Acceptance." Cross-cultural studies review 2, no. 3-4 (2021): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.38003/ccsr.2.1-2.7.
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The paper offers a comparative analysis of Franco Berardi Bifo’s treatise on modern terrorism (Heroes: Mass Murder and Suicide, 2015) and its (semio)capitalist background on one side and Montažstroj’s theatrical performance, inspired by a half-documentary fiction novel Jugend Ohne Gott (1937) by Ödön von Horváth, on the other. Employing some of the contemporary theoretical insights on violence and terror in modern society, Montažstroj’s performance is thus interpreted in the context of recent theories of globalization – and its prevalent communication and circulation of capital paradigms – as well as in the light of Breivik’s Darwinist and anti-Marxist manifesto.
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Bellieni, Carlo V. "Nurses and Doctors Heroes? A Risky Myth of the COVID19 Era." Nursing Reports 10, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nursrep10020006.
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Recent newspapers reports have named health professionals as “heroes”. This is surprising, because in the last few decades, doctors and nurses have been taken into account by mass media only to describe cases of misconduct or of violence. This change was due to the coronavirus pandemic scenario that has produced fear in the population and the need for an alleged “savior”. This need for health professionals seen as heroes is also disclosed by the fact that even politicians have abdicated to their role in favor of the healthcare “experts” to whom important decisions on social life during this pandemic have been delegated, even those decisions that fall outside of the specific health field. This commentary is a claim to framing the job of caregivers in its correct role, neither angel nor devil, but allied to the suffering person, that the image of “heroes” risks to overshadow.
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Yeates, Robert. "Serial fiction podcasting and participatory culture: Fan influence and representation in The Adventure Zone." European Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549418786420.
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New media affords significant opportunities for audience feedback and participation, with the power to influence the creation and development of contemporary works of fiction, particularly when these appear in serialized instalments. With access to creators permitted via social media, and with online platforms facilitating the creation and distribution of audience paratexts, fans increasingly have the power to shape the fictional worlds and diversity of the characters found within the series they enjoy. A noteworthy and understudied example is fiction podcasting, an emerging form that draws on conventions of established media such as radio and television. Despite the recent surge in the popularity of podcasts, little scholarly attention has been given to the format, except to discuss it as either a continuation of radio programming or part of a transmedia landscape for texts which are centred in media such as television and film. This article argues that fiction podcasting offers unique affordances for creating serial works of fiction, taking The Adventure Zone as a case study which demonstrates the power of successful participatory culture. The podcast has grown from modest beginnings to acquire a considerable and passionate fan network, has diversified into other media forms, and, though available for free, is financially supporting its creators and raising substantial amounts of money for charities. Crucial in its success is the creators’ cultivation of an inclusive environment for fans, and a constant attempt to feature characters representative of a diversity of gender and sexual identities, particularly those typically excluded from other science fiction worlds. This article argues that The Adventure Zone and the format of fiction podcasting demonstrate a shift in contemporary culture, away from established mass media programming and towards a participatory, transmedia, fan-focused form of storytelling which utilizes the unique advantages of new media technologies in its creation, development, and distribution.
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Murphy, Peter. "I am not what I am: Paradox and indirect communication the case of the comic god and the dramaturgical self." Empedocles: European Journal for the Philosophy of Communication 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ejpc.1.2.225_1.
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An exploration of the self in dramaturgical societies: This is the double, duplicitous, witty self, the one who communicates indirectly through characters and masks, the self who is a personality, who knowingly plays a role on the public stage, and who inhabits a wry, not to say awry, paradoxical world created by a mischievous comic God. A motley bunch of characters wander across the stage of this article. These include recusant Catholics, American sociologists, theologians of paradox, philosophers of comedy, Oscar Schindler, Mick Jagger, William Shakespeare, G.K. Chesterton, as well as various assorted epicurean puritans, inventive liars, elusive playwrights, pompous intellectuals, sleuthing heroes from detective fiction, ambitious pretenders, satirists of newspaper folly, media nitwits, boys playing girls playing boys, and, if you are really good, girls playing boys playing girls. All of them bearing testament to Viola's immortal line: I am not what I am.
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Silva, Roberta. "The Risk of Conformity: Representing Character in Mass Market Fiction and Narrative Media." International Research in Children's Literature 3, no. 1 (July 2010): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2010.0007.
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In current literary production, teenagers are one of the most important target groups, and there are more and more correlations among books, films and serials dedicated to teenagers; in other words it is impossible to discuss children's literature without placing it into the complex context of the cultural industry. This situation may encourage a ‘mutual influence’ among these media languages, based on the use of the same stock characters and the same stereotypes. But, are teen novels really influenced by teen drama and teen films, absorbing their clichés and conventions? And, if this is the case, what is the dimension of this phenomenon?
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Dechêne, Antoine. "Detective Storyworlds: Longmire, True Detective, and La trêve." Crime Fiction Studies 1, no. 1 (March 2020): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cfs.2020.0006.
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This paper addresses one question: What makes detective series popular today? In the past, scholars have responded that the genre is mainly focused on plot, to the point of becoming a narrative prototype. This approach explains why detective fiction appears to be more limited in its proliferation across media than other genres such as fantasy or science fiction. If plot is the dominant feature of the genre, and plot somehow works against proliferation, then why are we still producing and consuming so many detective series? Following Marie-Laure Ryan, I wish to argue that a shift from plot to worldbuilding has occurred in detective fiction. This shift follows the evolution of narrative theory which in the last decades had to expand to other disciplines and media. In the same way that narratology embraced the new concept of ‘world,’ popular series have adopted its potential to proliferate, an aptitude that is now truly part of its aesthetics and poetics. I want to describe and understand the increasingly important role played by storyworlds in detective fiction so as to better apprehend how popular series are made in our cultural era of mass media production.
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Topalova, Delgir Yu. "События Гражданской войны в рассказах калмыцкого писателя-эмигранта С. Балыкова." Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2020-2-14-198-215.
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The article analyzes the Civil War theme in the work of emigrant writer Sanzha Balykov based on the example of a number of works. Updating the documentary beginning in the works, the author projects the main points of the emergence of Kalmyk emigration, builds the entire historical background of the forced mass exodus of Kalmyks abroad. The stories of S. Balykov are a reliable historical document describing the complex “time-space” of Kalmyk history. Both the narrative as a whole and the image of the heroes of the stories embody the dramatic fate of the nation, the universal calamity that is obviously inseparable from the fate of the writer himself. The author’s achievement is that, having shown the tragedy and fate of the Kalmyk people in a completely different light, he “transformed” his previous views on the events of history that have not been described in Kalmyk fiction before him
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Trotsuk, I. V., and M. V. Subbotina. "Three questions to start the sociological study of heroism." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-1-169-180.
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Despite the understandable and predictable lack of sociological interest in the issues related to heroism, the search for clear and unambiguous conceptual and empirical definitions of the hero in the contemporary society seems to be a relevant sociological task, especially under the current pandemic which made the criteria of heroism interesting for the wider public. The authors briefly outline the main aspects of the traditional scientific interpretations of heroism as presented in the social-cultural narratives worldwide, and proceed to the issues that constitute the field of the sociological studies on heroism. The first research question is not so much a single definition of the hero as types of heroes based on social representations of when and how heroes reveal themselves in decisions and actions. The authors rely on the traditional typologies of heroes usually based on the psychological aspects of heroic thinking and behavior to suggest a sociologically relevant typology based on both literature and the Russian public opinion polls. This typology implies answers to the questions of why the society needs heroes and what makes someone a hero in the eyes of the society, and allows to better understand and to more precisely define the false/pseudo/antiheroism. The second research question is about the sources of images and understanding of heroism, which focuses on the mass media and especially cinemas potential to represent certain social practices as heroic and to construct heroic images. The third research question is about the possibilities of the empirical sociological study of the types of heroes and their representation in the media (cinema). The authors argue that sociology should use its own methods (in a combination with techniques for studying the audiences perception of movies) - content analysis and surveys, especially the unfinished sentences technique, and provide some examples of how this can be done, for instance, to compare the social representations of a real hero and a movie hero among different age groups and generations. The authors conclude with mentioning a new issue associated with heroism, which became evident under the pandemic - changes in the social representations of heroism determined by heroization of healthcare workers due to their selfless fight against the coronavirus epidemic.
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Mohammadpur, Ahmad, Norbert Otto Ross, and Nariman Mohammadi. "The fiction of nationalism: Newroz TV representations of Kurdish nationalism." European Journal of Cultural Studies 20, no. 2 (May 4, 2016): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549416638524.
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Benedict Anderson’s seminal work on imagined communities has opened a multitude of explorations in how mass media construct and represent social identities in relation to nationalism. Depicting and at the same time creating social groups, media representations are permeated by questions of inclusion and exclusion. As a result, it is important to study media representations of social identities as strategic ideologies that debilitate or stabilize, support or condemn a specific identity discourse. In this study, we explore how Kurdish identity has been represented in Newroz TV, one of the most popular satellite TV channels among Iranian Kurds. Findings show that Kurdish nationalism is first defined in opposition to Persian, Arabic (as in Syria and Iraq) and Turkish national identity. However, the resulting images are permeated by partisan ideological divisions among Kurdish political groups.
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Illouz, Eva. "The Lost Innocence of Love." Theory, Culture & Society 15, no. 3-4 (August 1998): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276498015003008.
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This article examines the relationship between `mass media' representations of love and a model of love which we commonly view as more `realistic', that is more compatible with sharing everyday life with another. The article offers three arguments: (1) the postmodern claim that everyday life in general and romantic love in particular have been colonized by the empty `simulacrum' of mass media resonates with a long-standing Western discussion of the problematic relation between fiction and reality; (2) the relation between mass media representations of love and realistic models of love is reconceptualized as deriving from two conflicting bodily experiences of love; (3) postmodern love is defined as being characterized by a particular crisis of representation in which signifiers and signifieds of love do not match.
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Shestakova, Eleonora. "Characters of Fairy Tales, Fantasy and Magical Food in Cooking Reality Shows: The Intersection of Literary Culture and Media Communications." Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, no. 107 (June 30, 2023): 128–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2023.107.128.
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Themed cooking reality shows emerge and develop at the intersection of media communications, literary culture and leisure. They are also based on intertextual, transmedia connections, simultaneously and masterfully using heterogeneous languages, ranging from artistic, social-ideological to commercial. This is a new type of intermediate territory (J. Mukarzowski), which is filled with, and exists due to the meeting and interaction of heterogeneous languages, memory, signs, and associations, fragmentary hints, which are united into a coherent whole by the tasks, meanings and language of media. Such a culinary media text that uses the game with fashionable works of art, holidays, and heroes and makes them fashionable by this game should be easily read as explicit, well-known, universally understood quotes, allusions, puzzles, and signs. It to be accepted and in demand, must speak the equally significant language of mass culture, art, and everyday life, which is quickly perceived. Magical heroes, characters, and magical food also actively and naturally fit into these processes through the means and possibilities of literary culture and media communications. As a result, new urgent places of existence of collectively, socially, and ideologically significant meanings are created and consolidated, and literary culture contributes to this as much as possible, helping to form and manifest new aspects of truth and authenticity. In addition, thematic cooking reality shows also reveal qualitatively new dimensions of transmedia, intertextual transformations of folklore, literature, and cinema texts, as well as aesthetic, ideological, and socio-cultural functions. In this regard, the ideas and methods proposed by J. Mukarzowski in his works of the 1930s and semiotics are relevant.
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Kępiński, Marcin. "Bigger, Stronger, Faster, czyli amerykański sen nie jest dla każdego, a sport to jedno wielkie oszustwo." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 61, no. 2 (April 24, 2017): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2017.61.2.6.
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The author analyses the 2009 documentary film Bigger, Stronger, Faster, which investigates the nature of American pop culture and sports. Writing from the perspective of cultural anthropology and sociology, he considers how ideas about the body and physicality are programmed by popular media culture and famous sports figures and celebrities, who are treated as models of masculinity and mass media heroes. He also raises the issue of the influence of illegal pharmaceutical doping on contemporary American sports. All these subjects serve to describe the form and functioning of America’s contemporary collective identity and the connection between the authorities, television, sports entertainment, and politics. The United States described in the documentary is a real and existing utopia, which Americans and other people have dreamt and still dream about, and which everyone believes in—not only the recipients of popular media culture and sports entertainment.
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Nukezhanova, S. S., M. K. Dyusembekova, and B. M. Mayorova. "Political myth design as a technology for mass consciousness manipulation." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 143, no. 2 (2023): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2023-143-2-94-100.
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In this article, the authors consider political myth design as a political technology to manipulate and control mass consciousness and unconsciousness with the mass media. The reasons to use the myth design in politics are systematized and the principles under which the political myth design result is formed are emphasized. The features and reasons to use this technology in politics are highlighted, and a number of principles are given, according to which a political myth design constructs the necessary information and ideological result. Theoretical provisions are analyzed and systematized and the practical methods of myth design in politics are described in the article. The main ways to use myths in politics are structured. The paper focuses on the mythological techniques actively used in political myth designing, and on the three main practical tasks of political myth design. The research conducted makes it possible to define a political myth as a result of political myth design, which can be described as a socio-cultural technology for the development of modern myths perceived by the «political result» consumers as the reality of their worldview. This technology uses archetypes, storylines, heroes, and other elements of traditional mythology when creating, disseminating, and transmitting various mass messages, including political communication in the media reality.
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Ningsih, Sulis Tia, Ucha Jaya Sucipta Jaya Sucipta, and Maurina Suryaning Pertiwi. "IMAJINASI DESA IMPIAN: Konstruksi Media dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata di Desa Ranuklindungan Kabupaten Pasuruan." Journal of Society & Media 2, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v2n1.p65-80.
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The visualization of Rural development today is largely the result of mass media construction, as evidenced by the proliferation of village tourism as a pilot village for other regions. Indirectly the media will represent the ideal Village so that the development that is formed today can not be separated from the interference of mass media.Urgensi of this research is to see the ideal Village development which is sometimes considered to be opposite with the opinions and expectations of the community. The main purpose of this research is to describe how the Village Elite, PKK group and Local heroes who play a role in mobilizing the community to build and improve the area of origin independently. They are the subject of research studies in envisioning their own version of the ideal Village in the middle of the tourism tour, the construction of toll roads, theconstruction of the framming of mass media and further describing the role of media in theideal Village in the wider community. The research uses qualitative descriptive method when it is considered important to be done considering the majority of development today based on the interests but the face of equity welfare. The result of this research is the inclusion of the Tourism Village to be the reason to change the face of the careless suburban village with the environment into environmentally conscious tourism village as well as eliminating the 'Village' entity itself, further mass media becomes an instrument to construct and build people's critical reason
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Kharchenko, Oleg. "LITERARY JOURNALISM. PUBLIC SPEECHES. BIBLICAL MOTIFS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 49, no. 6 (January 18, 2022): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4905.
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This article focuses its attention on the functioning of the biblical motifs in American fiction and their penetration in American public speeches and non-fiction through literary journalism techniques. The findings of this work illustrate that biblical motifs and religious lexicon as a whole have been used steadily in the speeches of all U.S presidents. Taking into account that the majority of Americans (73%) relates to Christians, the biblical motifs belong to important rhetorical and stylistic tools of all U.S. presidents in their search for the support of voters. Since Ronald Reagan (1981-1989), there has been an apparent tendency to employ more religious words and biblical motifs. The most active users of them were Donald Trump, George H.W. Bush, and Barack Obama who applied 7.3, 4.8, and 4.1 religious words per one thousand in their speeches. While monitoring the biblical motifs in American mass media and multimedia, we identified the most periodically applied: God, All-Mighty, Lord, Supreme Being; Satan, Devil, Lucifer, Beelzebub, Baphomet; Saint Mary; Archangels; Angels; Four Horsemen of Apocalypses; The Three Wise Men; Messiah, the Chosen One; All-loving hero; Cain and Abel; Samson and Delilah; False prophet; Nephilim, giants. According to our findings 136 names of angels were determined in American fiction and non-fiction. As for the theological angels, whose names differ sometimes, their number is 123. The total number of Archangels, mentioned in America mass media, is 17. However, in the Bible and Enoch book just only seven archangels are named. The research results could be used by the specialists in media studies, journalism and philology, as well as by practical journalists and multimedia authors, including Ukrainian students, who plan to sharpen their skills in writing English content.
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Prokhvatilova, Olga. "Internal Converse in Modern Media Discourse." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 2 (May 2020): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.2.13.
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The article reveals specificity of internal converse practice in the media discourse. The converse is defined as a speech-and-cognitive category that characterizes a constructive principle of the media text manifested in insertion of other person's utterances into the monospeech of a journalist. It is stated that the major means of converse practice is citing direct speech of some other person, which enables precise marking of citation boundaries in media texts. The other person's utterance insertion is marked by the use of reporting verbs that nominate processes of saying or communication in oral or written forms of media discourse, indicating the source of citation with introductory constructions, as well as the names and nicknames of radio listeners who sent their questions. Direct speech may be introduced into the author's text without any special linguistic markers. The sources of quoting relevant for the media text are revealed, including radio listeners, journalists, writers, economists, public and political figures, heroes of modern books and popular movies, mass media. Four functions of the cited utterances are considered relevant for the modern media text: compositional, authoritarian, interpretive and constructive. The types of converse relations that arise between the author's and other person's cited speech are determined.
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Kuzina, N., and L. Kuzina. "Reflection and Prevention of Ethno-Confessional Conflicts Within Russian Megapolis in the Works of Author and Popular Cinema." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 339–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/59/31.
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Present pandemics made all issues related to regulating the life of migrants with different mindset, language, culture as well as religious affiliation in megapolis utterly topical under conditions of closure of most of businesses and air traffic disruption. As the paper argues apart from new legislative measures, representations of the migrant’s image (the Other) and ethics of communication with migrant (the Other) in mass conscience previously emerged and built up in culture and most notably brought about by means on cinematic art, both documentary (including mass-media video production) and fiction film are of vital importance in avoiding the negative scenario. Representation of the migrant`s image and ethno-confessional conflicts is exemplified by the film “Ayka” by S. Dvortsevoy, TV-series “Here at our backyard” (1–2 seasons) by O. Muzaleva, “Salam, Mascow” by P. Bardin, “Zuleykha opens her eyes” by E. Anashkin, media project «In the cold» by K. Diodorova, documentary journalistic investigation “Piter. Metro. 3.4.17” by E. Zobnina and non-fiction information film “In Moscow in search of a living” (on behalf of MMC).
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Pérez, Vincent. "The Fourth Reich: Ishmael's Reed's The Terrible Twos and the Triumph of Celebrity Culture." Popular Culture Review 28, no. 2 (December 2017): 4–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2831-865x.2017.tb00328.x.
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AbstractDonald Trump's rise to the U.S. presidency was foretold in many 20th century works of dystopian fiction as well as Western Marxist scholarship written during and after the Nazi era. The most prescient modern dystopian novel, Ishmael Reed's The Terrible Twos (1982), has much in common thematically with earlier American dystopian fiction while also sharing the bleak vision of U.S. mass (media) culture postulated by Frankfurt School theorists such as Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer in The Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947). But Reed's novel diverges dramatically from these earlier writings, whether fictive or scholarly, through its farcical and absurdist postmodernist depiction of a future neo‐fascist America in which popular (media) culture reigns triumphant even as spaces of resistance take shape amid the seemingly overdetermined ideological and cultural landscape.
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Ruzhentseva, N. B., and N. N. Koshkarova. "Phenomenon of Information Misrepresentation in Mass-Media: Versions of Facts." Nauchnyi dialog 1, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-7-123-138.
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The article discusses the phenomenon of factual information misrepresentation in popular print media. From the point of view of the authors, misrepresentation is determined by a general communicative pattern — the process of misrepresentation information during its transfer; the ideology of a particular edition and the tendentiousness of the media in general; striving for informational priority and a professional perspective of presenting information. Understanding the misrepresentation in the media discourse as a substitution, falsehood, fiction, and the transformation of factual information, the authors attempt to generalize the ways of translating facts (truthful information) into a version of facts. Based on the material of the “near-political narrative”, which is part of the peripheral zone of political discourse and includes texts dedicated to the politician's relatives or ancestors, as well as his personal and even intimate life, the authors distinguish three main directions that contribute to the emergence of versions of facts. These are: extra-textual factors; a group of proper text methods; change of the axiological mode of the media. It is proved that the subjective mode of modern media determines the use of not so much false information as of transformed information, the share of which is steadily increasing and begins to determine the specifics of modern journalistic text formation.
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Taskaeva, Anna. "Peculiarities of Heroization of Health Care Workers in the Mass Media Discourse during a Pandemic." Philology & Human, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/filichel(2021)2-02.
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The article examines the linguistic features of the heroization of medical workers in the mass media discourse during the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection. During the fight against the spread of the coronavirus, doctors acquired the status of heroes. The heroic image of a doctor who is at the forefront of the fight against a new threat is fully expressed in various discursive and non-discursive constructs: mass media discourse, creolized texts, photo and video materials, comments from users of the Internet services, etc. The headlines of publications, the names of projects, competitions, and actions indicate the heroization of doctors. The process of heroization is also implemented in creolized texts of social advertising. The main linguistic means of heroization is metaphorization: the doctor is represented as a soldier in war, a superhero, a guardian angel. So, in the studied texts, the fight against the coronavirus is metaphorically represented as a war, medical personnel – as soldiers fighting with weapons in their hands against a terrible enemy – the virus, the walls of a medical institution – as a battlefield. As a result of the study, it is revealed that there is a tendency to local heroization and concretization of the heroic on the examples of real people
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KRISBAI, Raluca. "Teodora Popescu (Editor). Cognitive approaches to contemporary media. New Castle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2021. Pp. i-xi, 1-210. ISBN: 978-1-5275-6953-9." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 14, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2021.14.2.11.
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The book entitled Cognitive approaches to contemporary media offers a valuable insight into modern developments in cognitive linguistics, which can contribute to the advancement of both research and practice in the field. The purpose of this edited volume is to deliver fresh insights into the metaphorical language used in the current media from a cognitive-linguistic perspective. Considering the manipulative framings of reality in which mass media can engage at present, investigations into how figurative language functions may be valuable in order to instruct audiences and to improve their decoding skills to prevent deception and bias. The overall research methodology draws on well-established approaches to the analysis of metaphors, such as Pragglejaz method (2007), the MIPVU technique (2010), the critical metaphor analysis framework (Charteris-Black 2004) and multimodal metaphor analysis theory (Forceville 2009). Both quantitative and qualitative analyses of corpora were conducted, as well as word frequency and concordance searches using AntCoc and ConcAppor #LancsBox software. The book is a compilation of ten contributions by Romanian researchers in the field of cognitive linguistics, and is structured into three main parts. Part One consists of three chapters that focus on the metaphors that are used in business journalese. The chapter by Crina-Maria Herțeg, ‘The conceptualisation of the MARKET in English and Romanian. A corpus-based approach’, focuses on MARKET metaphors in English and Romanian that were obtained from two sizeable corpora of Romanian and British journalese, each consisting of around 600,000 words, and representing business articles that were amassed during the period between 2012 and 2016. Herțeg conducted a corpus-based contrastive investigation to underline the similarities and differences in the ways in which the market is conceptualised in both the Romanian and the English languages. The author explores lexical, semantic and cultural differences, as well as intersecting cognitive categories, and compares and contrasts a series of conceptual metaphors, such as LABOUR MARKET IS WAR and LABOUR MARKET IS COMPETITION. Further subcategories of MARKET IS A LIVING ORGANISM, such as the MARKET IS AN ANIMAL metaphors, were identified in various instances of BEAR and BULL MARKETS. Chapter Two, authored by Andra Ursa and entitled ‘A comparative study of business metaphors in English, French and Romanian economic discourse in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic’ presents a comparative inquiry into newspaper articles in three European languages that were published during July 2020, all focusing on economic issues of wider interest. The chapter investigates the conceptual metaphors employed in the media discourse to help readers to comprehend different facets related to the workings of their national economies. The author conducted both automatic (using AntConc software) and manual analyses to identify and catalogue the metaphors. The results revealed that the three economies under investigation were typically conceptualised in terms of war, objects, human beings or organisms, with a high recurrence of the metaphor ECONOMY IS A SICK PERSON, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ursa revealed that there appeared to be a tendency towards metaphorical expressions indicating that the economy was in a state of war in both the French and the British corpora, which was encountered less frequently in the Romanian articles. The third chapter, ‘Conceptualisations of economic relations between the US and China’ by Andra Corpade, presents how economic relationships amongst countries are envisioned in the written media. The most important cognitive categories that the author noted were COMPETITION IS A RACE, COMPANIES ARE INSTRUMENTS OF DOMINATION, COMPETITION IS WAR, ORGANISATIONS ARE PEOPLE/THINKING ENTITIES and COUNTRIES ARE PEOPLE. Of these, the most frequent pertained to COMPETITION IS WAR, as the author found a wide range of exponents included in the semantic field of WAR. The second part of the book consists of three chapters grouped according to the subject matter of health and illness in metaphorical concepts within the specific context of the new coronavirus. Teodora Popescu’s chapter, ‘Waging war against COVID-19. A case study of Romanian metaphorical conceptualisations of the novel coronavirus’, delves into cognitive metaphors pertaining to the coronavirus, as determined using a corpus of almost 67,000 words from the Romanian nation-wide broadsheet Adevărul (‘The Truth’), which was compiled during the period from September to October 2020. The most important categories identified were FIGHTING COVID-19 IS FIGHTING A WAR, COVID-19 IS A MURDERER, COVID-19 IS COLLECTIVE SUFFERING, LACK OF DISEASE TREATMENT/RESTRICTIONS OBSERVANCE IS LACK OF CONTROL, LOCKDOWN IS DETENTION, LOCKDOWN IS DEPRESSION and COVID-19 IS A SHAM. Recurrent instances of emotional conceptualisations of the pandemic were identified, including EMOTIONAL STATE IS HARM CAUSED BY PREDATORY ANIMALS, which alludes to people’s all-encompassing dissatisfaction generated by the lockdown, accounting for the generalised discontent and frustration in Romanian society, coupled with deep scepticism with regard to the medical system and political rulers. Chapter Five, entitled ‘Conceptual metaphors in medical journalese’ by Oana-Elena Stoica, emphasises the function of conceptual metaphors in medical communication, specifically in the mass media, and considers how they are used with a view to having maximum impact on the reader. The author identified the following categories: TREATING ILLNESS IS FIGHTING A WAR, DISEASES AND VIRUSES ARE ENEMIES, FOOD ADDITIVES ARE ENEMIES, A PROBLEM IS A BODY OF WATER, THE HUMAN BODY IS A FRIEND, THE HUMAN BODY IS A MACHINE, LONG-TERM PURPOSEFUL CHANGE IS A JOURNEY and A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IS A FRIEND. Stoica maintained that medical language can be somewhat vague and abstract, as well as relatively difficult to comprehend; consequently, metaphors can contribute greatly to clarifying or mitigating distressing issues for readers. The sixth chapter, Adela Natalia Neciu’s ‘THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IS A BODY. A case study of metaphorical conceptualisations – the case of Sweden’, scrutinises the metaphorical conceptualisations derived from a progress report on the implementation of the principles of value-based healthcare (VBHC) in Sweden, as documented by health economists, healthcare providers and policymakers. Neciu identified 11 categories, namely SYSTEMS ARE BUILDINGS, PROBLEMS ARE ENEMIES/DEALING WITH A PROBLEM IS FIGHTING A WAR, COUNTRIES ARE PEOPLE, IDEAS ARE OBJECTS, INFORMATION IS MONEY, SYSTEMS ARE PERSONS/PEOPLE, ORGANISATIONS ARE PEOPLE/THINKING ENTITIES, LAWS ARE CONTAINERS, INFORMATION IS A MOVING OBJECT, INFORMATION IS A SUBSTANCE and BUILDINGS ARE PEOPLE. The chapter by Gabriela-Corina Șanta (Câmpean), ‘COVID-19 in journalese. A case study of health, lifestyle, and political agenda domains’, examines the impact of COVID-19 on a number of domains in daily life: POLITICAL AGENDA, ECONOMY, HEALTH, EDUCATION and LIFESTYLE. The network of multidirectional relationships presented by the author are characteristic of the state of affairs that we have witnessed. Șanta concludes by explaining that institutions, companies and countries across the world are perceived as being endowed with human features. Furthermore, all the concepts except EDUCATION were assigned human characteristics; hence, they could be mapped according to their interconnectedness. She further asserted that political leaders have determined finding appropriate mechanisms for putting an end to the virus that has affected all areas of our lives to be a priority. Part Three consists of three contributions addressing multimodal metaphors in films. The eighth chapter, written by Diana Emanuela Tîrnăvean and entitled ‘Metaphors in fiction films. A discourse analysis of “Before I Wake”’ presents an investigation of the verbal, pictorial and gestural metaphors that contribute to creating the identity of the central characters and which chart the central hero’s evolutionary journey via the compelling metaphor of change. This transformation is artfully embodied throughout the film as we witness the transitional life phases of a butterfly. On one hand, Tîrnăvean aims to detect, interpret and decipher the pictorial, gestural and verbo-visual metaphors; on the other, she conducts an exploration of the hero’s quest, which is that of becoming a mother to the orphaned Cody. Chapter Nine, ‘Myth and metaphor in “The Matrix” trilogy’ by Adina Botaș, presents an inquiry into the multimodal metaphors pertaining to the central character, Neo, which can be found in this trilogy. Botaș focuses on three major myths that can be traced in the films’ narratives, namely Alice’s Wonderland, the Bible archetype and the myth of conspiracy. Accordingly, the multimodal metaphors investigated in the study materialised as concurrent expressions of diverse maximally consistent metaphors. The author explains that mappable traits are indicative of various metaphor scenarios, such as NEO IS THE SAVIOUR and NEO IS ALICE IN WONDERLAND from the vantage points of both the theological myth (references to the passion of Jesus Christ) and the conspiracy myth (correlations with an occult society working against humankind). Chapter Ten, authored by Bianca Moisi and entitled ‘The multimodal metaphor in film: A case study of “The Shack”’, provides an analysis of how cinematography exploits metaphors, beginning with the assumption that the development of metaphorical language is concurrent with the development of human thought processes. Moreover, Moisi explores metaphors that are representative of the postmodern individual; that is, those that are shaped by individuals’ intrinsic awareness of gender, emotion, religion and their very existence. Moisi identifies various conceptual categories, such as STATES ARE CONTAINERS (with the subcatrgory THE HUMAN HEART IS A BUILDING/PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTION), ANGER IS A RAVAGED PLACE, DEPRESSION IS A PERSON, POSITIVE EXPERIENCE IS LIGHT/WARMTH (and subsequently, NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE IS DARKNESS/COLDNESS), POSITIVE EXPERIENCE IS SPRING (and accordingly, GOD IS A WOMAN/GOD IS A MOTHER, NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE IS WINTER) and LOVE IS A BOND/LOVE IS A UNITY OF PARTS, amongst others. Moisi ultimately demonstrates the evolution of metaphor from the classical perspective to a postmodern understanding, which revisits and reinvents ancient myths via the use of cinematography. In conclusion, the edited collection Cognitive approaches to contemporary media provides a novel perspective on the metaphorical language that is used in present-day society’s mass media, and will be a valuable contribution to the field as it is both informative and captivating for the general audience and specialists alike.
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Steblyna, Nataliia. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROFESSIONAL MASS MEDIA AND TELEGRAM CHANNELS INFORMATION CONTENT NEWS PRODUCTION (ON THE CASE OF DZERKALO TYZHNYA AND UKRAYINA SEJCHAS)." Bulletin of Lviv Polytechnic National University: journalism 2, no. 6 (2023): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sjs2023.02.039.
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A comparative analysis of journalistic texts in the so-called new media (Telegram channel “Ukrayina Sejchas”) and professional media (online publication “Dzerkalo tyzhnya”) is conducted in the paper. The similarities and differences of the content are clarified (by topic, the most popular personalities who become the heroes of the news, compliance with the standards of accuracy and separation of facts from comments, or the neutrality of the news). The research method is computer analysis of texts using Python modules and Spacy natural language processing library. It was found that the most popular topic for both media was Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine; Zelenskyi, the General Staff, the Armed Forces, and Putin were mentioned more often. However, at the same time, the Telegram channel bets on hot news from the regions closest to the front line, while the professional mass media takes care of the international agenda. Also, the content of the US is more about personalities, while the DT prefers institutions, some of which are other mass media. Therefore, the online mass media also accumulates exclusive messages from other professional mass media. However, the telegram channel’s attempt to report news as quickly as possible also leads to a violation of standards, in particular accuracy: the telegram channel can report an explosion or missile attack almost immediately as it happened, without having enough facts. The same applies to photos and videos, published as some evidence. Another difference between the Telegram channel and the professional media is that they do not always adhere to the standard of separating facts from comments. Therefore the channel not only report news, but also comment, ironize, etc. The performed analysis allows us to talk about a certain distribution of functions of new and professional media. Telegram channels better adhere to the rule of convergence of interests, and also produce content that is easier to perceive. However, without professional mass media, which will publish the so-called hard news – socially significant messages coming from various institutions and international organizations, as well as check the hot news reported by telegram channels, one cannot talk about an effective media system.
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Andersen, Mads Møller, and Vilde Schanke Sundet. "Producing Online Youth Fiction in a Nordic Public Service Context." Public Service Broadcasting in the Digital Age 8, no. 16 (December 19, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2019.jethc179.
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This article investigates the conditions for making online youth fiction in a public service context at a time when young people increasingly are abandoning both legacy mass media and linear flow television to consume and share content online. The article’s starting point is the production of online youth fiction in two Nordic public service institutions, the Norwegian NRK and the Danish DR, and it discusses how digitisation and new competitors present both challenges and opportunities for institutions such as these. Furthermore, the article discusses the organisation of online youth fiction in both institutions and investigates how organisational strategies and production cultures come into play in each of these broadcasters’ early signature youth series: the widely popular online teen drama SKAM (NRK, 2015-2017) and the far less known youth series Anton 90 (DR, 2015). Our findings show that it was the pressure imposed by digitisation and new competitors that led these institutions to take new risks with their youth fiction production, changing their production patterns to make short-form drama series tailored to online streaming, and ultimately treating online youth fiction as a distinctly different task than “regular” fiction.
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Lewandowsky, Stephan, Werner G. K. Stritzke, Klaus Oberauer, and Michael Morales. "Memory for Fact, Fiction, and Misinformation." Psychological Science 16, no. 3 (March 2005): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00802.x.
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Media coverage of the 2003 Iraq War frequently contained corrections and retractions of earlier information. For example, claims that Iraqi forces executed coalition prisoners of war after they surrendered were retracted the day after the claims were made. Similarly, tentative initial reports about the discovery of weapons of mass destruction were all later disconfirmed. We investigated the effects of these retractions and disconfirmations on people's memory for and beliefs about war-related events in two coalition countries (Australia and the United States) and one country that opposed the war (Germany). Participants were queried about (a) true events, (b) events initially presented as fact but subsequently retracted, and (c) fictional events. Participants in the United States did not show sensitivity to the correction of misinformation, whereas participants in Australia and Germany discounted corrected misinformation. Our results are consistent with previous findings in that the differences between samples reflect greater suspicion about the motives underlying the war among people in Australia and Germany than among people in the United States.
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Zueva, Galina S., and Mikhail A. Dubover. "Stress factors in the work of regional mass media journalist (on the material of the Penza and Rostov regions)." Neophilology, no. 3 (2023): 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2023-9-3-657-667.
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The relevance of research is due to the need to study the characteristics of professional stress of mass media workers in 2022 in connection with work in a tense geopolitical situation. The purpose is to identify the key stress factors for the regional mass media journalists (on the basis of the Penza and Rostov regions). The leading method is the anonymous survey “Stress in the profession of a journalist”. It turned out that journalists, on average, assess the level of stress in their profession at 6.75 points out of 10, the journalists (91 % of surveyed), regardless of age, rate the workload as high or very high. The topics that cause the most stress for journalists are the special military operation in Ukraine, politics, crime and accidents, social aspects – tragedies: conversations with the families of the dead and injured (especially children), IDPs, as well as housing and communal services, health. The process of working in the mass media also seems stressful due to multitasking and tight deadlines for submission of materials, emotionally difficult communication with the heroes of complex topics. The organization of work in the editorial office in some cases also becomes a stress factor for journalists: 15 % of respondents noted that relations in the team in 2022 became more tense and called management in their editorial office ineffective. The current situation dictates the need for a comprehensive study on the problem of journalistic stress, including in the regional aspect, so in the future you can study the recommendations of psychologists, which are regularly given in professional media (“Journalist” magazine and on the portal “Sdelano.Media”). The results of research are used in the classes on the psychology of mass communications (media psychology) for students-journalists (bachelor’s degree).
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LAPIN, ANDREY V., and ELENA D. AGANINA. "NEW HEROES OF MASS CULTURE (CASE STUDY OF THE MAIN CHARACTER OF THE COMPUTER GAME CYCLE “GOD OF WAR”)." Study of Religion, no. 3 (2020): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2020.3.106-111.
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The concept of “mass culture” and its content are becoming the subject of reflection of philosophers, religious scholars, culturologists and sociologists. Taking into account the fact that mass culture is a specific type of spiritual production, one of its main features is the possibility of widespread replication of the product. Popular culture is extremely dynamic, influencing the basic feelings of the consumer, it can generate new cultural constants that change the norms and values that have developed over centuries. The constituent elements of mass culture are usually called the media, cinema, music, literature, visual arts, sports. However, recently, a computer game has become one of the basic elements of mass culture. It was computer games that brought specific images and unexpected, sometimes paradoxical, options for rethinking the previous cultural heritage into modern mass culture. In this article, the authors, using the example of a religious and philosophical analysis of the image of the main protagonist of the series of games “God of War”, will show that behind the seeming straightforwardness and simplicity of the Spartan Kratos, there is a detailed study of his personality and history of his life. Philosophical and religious content is in many ways a decisive factor that ensured the immense popularity of Kratos in the modern gaming culture with millions of users around the world.
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Češčut, Romi. "Generation X in Slovenia(n)." Acta Neophilologica 43, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2010): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.43.1-2.93-105.
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Addressing themes of family, interpersonal relationships, historicity, jobs, religion, and apocalypse Generation X narrative includes works by young American writers in the 80s and 90s of the twentieth century. The search for oneʹs identity in urban landscape is heavily influenced by mass media, pop culture and consumerism. Slovenian press and professional literature provided only scarce response to Generation X fiction which is also influenced by the ambiguity of the term Generation X and the essence of its culture and literature, which is also true for American literary criticism. The paper aims to explore the reception of novels by Douglas Coupland, Bret Easton Ellis, and Jay McInerney and their analyses with emphasis on narrative, themes of consumerism and mass media, characters, and style of writing.
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Kiuru, Konstantin, and Aleksei Krivonosov. "Media Environment Transformations as an Object of Study of the Theory of Mass Communications." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 7, no. 4 (October 15, 2018): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2018.7(4).711-723.
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Changes in the media environment always lead to changes in the media system, which reflects a different quality of communication. The nature of actors, channels, effects becomes an object of attention of researchers of mass communications. The article deals with the problem of the transformation of the mass communication system, which includes both cinematography and fiction, which can be freely broadcast through various channels, including digital channels. The article considers a new concept, i.e. "communication product". It is understood as a result of professional activity in the field of public and mass communications for the production of a media product, an event product, an advertising and PR product. The media environment is currently characterized by its own messages. They can be built both in traditional newsmaking models (both in journalism and public relations), and in storytelling, narrative (both in advertising and media communications). The article considers such trends in the media environment as the use of hype content, memes and various fakes. The reasons for the emergence of media communications are revealed. There are technological reasons, as modern communication technologies can open access to information to all comers. There are social ones, as new media allows Internet users to actively participate in communications and selectively treat messages they receive. The characteristics of the phenomenon of media communications are distinguished, separating it from journalism, advertising and public relations. The notion of media communications as a process of creation, processing and broadcasting, as well as information exchange in individual, group, mass format through various channels of mass communication (mainly online) is being introduced into scientific circulation through various communication tools - verbal / non-verbal; auditory, audiovisual, visual.
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Ivanov, Ivan. "Salman Rushdie’s Novels in the Perspectives of Postmodernism in the Third Millennium." Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for2024-01-06.
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The text is dedicated to the novels of Salman Rushdie, one of the world's novelists of the third millennium, who preserve the importance and significance of postmodern fiction. Different novels from different decades are presented that employ a variety of postmodern practices and forms such as intertextuality, metafiction, heteroglossia, remitification, parody and the grotesque. The author builds a colorful world in which images and plots from the dynamic present, but also historical and mythological creatures and heroes are intertwined. Main attention is focused on the novel Quixote, which follows the lives of the fictional Quixote and Sancho in the very real American world. With a colorful palette of fantastic creatures, but also real characters from different eras, the author raises pressing issues about racism, consumer gluttony and obsession with the media spectacle. A brief review of the latest novel, Victory City, with which the author returns to India, building a magical, magnetic, fairy-tale world in which "the conventions of the outside world lose their meaning and melt away", but at the same time references are made to reality. In conclusion, the importance of Salman Rushdie as a global and postmodern author is reaffirmed.
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Ristić, Katarina. "The Media Negotiations of War Criminals and Their Memoirs." International Criminal Justice Review 28, no. 4 (April 9, 2018): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567718766218.
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The literature on transitional justice in former Yugoslavia holds that the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) proceedings, meant to establish the facts about the past, punish the perpetrators of mass violence, and even facilitate reconciliation, have led to the unexpected transformation of convicted war criminals into heroes in their home countries. Drawing on cultural criminology, the article looks at the phenomenon of “criminal celebrity,” which emerges at the juncture between public personality, intensive media attention, and high audience resonance. Considering that this transformation largely depends on the ability of different actors, including the convicts themselves, to create socially acceptable public personalities by reframing crimes, and their contexts and perpetrators, this article looks at the attempts to create such alternative accounts in the memoirs of the convicts, and in the media. This article argues that the mediation of war criminals in the ICTY facilitated a new type of criminal celebrity—the “ICTY celebrity,” who emerges from his/her relation to an allegedly unjust legal authority, rather than to the crimes. The ICTY celebrity is not a hero, known for heroic deeds or achievements—instead, his main function is to represent a flattering and consoling narrative about the past, enabling wide identification within the ethnic community.
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Bataeva, Ekaterina, Iryna Sierykova, and Yelyzaveta Streltsyna. "Practices of Ukrainian high school students in reading fiction in the society of electronic mass media." Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, no. 1 (March 2024): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sociology2024.01.170.
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The article reveals the peculiarities of reading practices of Ukrainian high school students in comparison with the practices of using visual electronic media, and also finds out whether there is a correspondence between the genre preferences of high school students and the actual genre content of the school curriculum in Ukrainian and foreign literature. It is noted that, in Western sociology, considerable attention is paid to the study of the process of formation of reading skills in pre-school and school-age children, which significantly affects their overall academic performance. The empirical part of the article is based on the results of a study conducted in September-October 2023 using the method of in-depth semi-structured interviews with ten Ukrainian high school students. It is emphasized that the participants of the study ranked social media or movies in the first place in the rating of genres, while literature was ranked second or third, and video games were more often ranked fourth. It is noted that the attitude of high school students towards literature changes in adolescence; they begin to value reading practices that are not controlled from the outside, but chosen independently for self-improvement. It is emphasized that the favorite literary genres of Ukrainian high school students are science fiction, fantasy, thrillers, detective stories, and romance novels. The results of the content analysis of school textbooks of Ukrainian and foreign literature for 10th and 11th grades revealed the absence of literary works of the genres preferred by high school students. It is concluded that it is necessary to reform school programs of Ukrainian and foreign literature in order to make them more consistent with the literary genre preferences of Ukrainian high school students. The genre attractiveness of the school literature curriculum can become a powerful “pull” factor for students compared to the “push” influence of social networks and electronic media.
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Benno, Mark. "Virtual Reality." Gifted Child Today 21, no. 1 (January 1998): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107621759802100104.
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Much has been written over the years about virtual reality. Frequently, it is explored in science fiction literature. Mass media outlets, from the National Enquirer to Popular Mechanics to the evening news have both celebrated and feared virtual worlds. The attention has escalated recently as more powerful computers have been developed and the public is aware of virtual events such as the rover on the surface of Mars.
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Kuznetsova, O. E., and E. V. Bol'shakova. "YOUNGER SCHOOLBOYS’ PERCEPTION OF RUSSIAN NATIONAL FAIRY TALES." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 29, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9550-2019-29-2-167-176.
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The aim of the research is revealing features of younger schoolboys’ perception of Russian national fairy tales. The sample consisted of 125 schoolboys of third grade. It was divided into groups according to gender and a status of the educational organization. We assumed that the core of younger schoolboys’ perception of Russian national fairy tales is not complete due to the influence of mass media, in particular animated films, and that the periphery of ideas will be feebly marked. As a data gathering method, the author's questionnaire has been used. The results of research have shown that the younger schoolboys’ ideas about Russian national fairy tales have no complete core, are inconsistent, the periphery of ideas is diverse, stereotyped. It is revealed that magic Russian fairy tales are little known to schoolboys who are more familiar and are guided by cartoon films’ heroes, instead of fairy heroes. The gender difference has been revealed: boys’ perception in contrast to girls’ perception has more complete character. The perception of the schoolboys of an ordinary city educational school is most shaped and complete. Being kept informed in Russian national fairy tales classic school students are more focused on foreign fairy tales and cartoon films.
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Baya, Adina. "”Catastrophe is our Bedtime Story”: The Media-Fuelled Obsession with Death in Don Delillo’s Zero K." Romanian Journal of English Studies 16, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjes-2019-0002.
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AbstractDeath and the mass-media represent two recurring and connected presences throughout Don DeLillo’s fiction. While his canonical novel White Noise is themed around the paradoxical link between the pathological fear of dying and consumerism, his latest novel Zero K is about the deferral of death through cryonics. Using the analytical tools of critical theory, the current paper aims to analyse how the portrayal of death appears in the media saturated and consumer-driven environment in which DeLillo’s characters evolve, and how technology contributes both to fuelling the obsession with dying and to feeding the illusion of immortality.
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Kuo, Tina, Alicia Hernani, and Jens Grossklags. "The Unsung Heroes of Facebook Groups Moderation: A Case Study of Moderation Practices and Tools." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW1 (April 14, 2023): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3579530.
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Volunteer moderators have the power to shape society through their influence on online discourse. However, the growing scale of online interactions increasingly presents significant hurdles for meaningful moderation. Furthermore, there are only limited tools available to assist volunteers with their work. Our work aims to meaningfully explore the potential of AI-driven, automated moderation tools for social media to assist volunteer moderators. One key aspect is to investigate the degree to which tools must become personalizable and context-sensitive in order to not just delete unsavory content and ban trolls, but to adapt to the millions of online communities on social media mega-platforms that rely on volunteer moderation. In this study, we conduct semi-structured interviews with 26 Facebook Group moderators in order to better understand moderation tasks and their associated challenges. Through qualitative analysis of the interview data, we identify and address the most pressing themes in the challenges they face daily. Using interview insights, we conceptualize three tools with automated features that assist them in their most challenging tasks and problems. We then evaluate the tools for usability and acceptance using a survey drawing on the technology acceptance literature with 22 of the same moderators. Qualitative and descriptive analyses of the survey data show that context-sensitive, agency-maintaining tools in addition to trial experience are key to mass adoption by volunteer moderators in order to build trust in the validity of the moderation technology.
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Koma, Kyoko. "Introduction: Modern Japan and Korea seen through various media." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2011.0.1093.
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Vytautas Magnus UniversityThis issue discusses cultural aspects of modern Japan and Korea seen through various media. Media in this issue is not simple mass media like newspapers, journals, and TV, but media in a much broader meaning. According to Helen Katz, media has two roles: to inform and to entertain. Newspapers inform but also entertain readers. Literature could also be considered a medium to entertain readers. Autobiographic literature or non-fiction literature informs a kind of reality. Fashion could be also considered a medium for a human being to transmit information (occupation, taste, identity) and entertain (for example, the fashionable style of singers permits them to entertain TV spectators). In this issue, we approach some cultural aspects of modern Japan and Korea as seen through several types of media from popular culture, film, fashion and newspapers to cultural media as a tool of public diplomacy. Our topics are as follows....
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Anna, Misyun. "«NORTHERN LIGHTS»: VISUALIZATION OF THE NEW RUSSIAN HISTORICAL NARRATIVE." Doxa, no. 1(35) (December 22, 2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2410-2601.2021.1(35).246725.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of one of modern Russia’s local or group historical narratives, which articulates the mystical connection of the north-Russian population with Finno-Ugric shamanic practices based on runes «Kalevala». The TV series «Northern Lights» (the original script of Victoria Platova) in the genre of a mystical detective discusses one of the ways to deploy a «folk» or popular historical narrative, which is some controversial attitude of the state policy of memory and a conservative turn in historical policy. The relationship of the representations about Finnish roots of Russian ethnos with such unrelated concepts as «escapism» and «Aryan myth» was analyzed. The gradual drift of popular history in mass media is considered from the purely Slavic narrative of origin and ancient mystical practices of the people of north-western Russia to the recognition of Finno-Ugric roots or even the unity of Russian and Finnish peoples of the Russian north. The deconstruction of the series by visual anthropology techniques revealed a constant appeal to the everyday magical practices of the Karelian heroes of the series, who identify themselves as Russians. The inhabitants of the Island, where the action takes place, all the structure of their daily lives and holidays are built around the gods and heroes of Kalevala. The narratives «Finnish roots» in media are considered in connection with the interpretation of dubious results «Russian Nobility DNA Project», the origin of Princess Olha and Old Ladoga, as the source of Russia. The conclusion is reached on the participation of many actors and polyphonicity of modern Russian historical narrative, search for new lines of interface of Russian history and Europe.
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Mikhieieva, Anastasiia. "The Holocaust Trauma and Autobiographism in Ida Fink’s and Charlotte Delbo’s Stories." Kyiv-Mohyla Humanities Journal, no. 10 (December 29, 2022): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/kmhj270983.2023-10.120-131.
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The research is based on a study of short story collections by Israeli writer Ida Fink’s, All the Stories, and French writer Charlotte Delbo’s, Auschwitz and After, to reflect the impact of the Holocaust on autobiographical elements in their work. The authors are representatives of the first generation of Holocaust survivors, which means that the mass systematic genocide during World War II was a personal traumatic experience for them. The works of female writers are studied using the theory of trauma at the genre level. Since autobiography has been considered a documentary genre with its own peculiarities, works about the Holocaust were seen as historical evidence of this event. However, based on the works of Juri Lotman and some principles of Philippe Lejeune’s “autobiographical pact”, we can conclude that autobiography is similar to fiction if it can meet certain aesthetic functions. Under the influence of trauma, the genre of autobiography can be modified in the literary text in such a way that the line between autobiography and fiction is blurred. Ida Fink and Charlotte Delbo write short stories with fictional narrators, but all the situations are certainly the experiences of the writers themselves, who turn to the autofiction and conventions of Philippe Lejeune’s “autobiographical pact” to transfer their memories to literary heroes. The aim of the study is to define the peculiarities of the autobiographical genre, analyze its functions in Holocaust literature, identify poetic elements of autobiography, and prove that there is no canonical form of narration about the Holocaust-Era, as the writers were searching for how to articulate their traumatic experience in experimental forms.
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Dr. Ikram Badshah, Dr. Sarfraz Khan, and Muhammad Kamran. "Locating the Social Position of Pakistani Women in Text Books." sjesr 4, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss1-2021(379-387).
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The curriculum is the most grounded device to transmit and transform the way of life, values, and convictions of the society to the students. At the point the children enter the school, the pictures of the male and female depicted in books, solidify their ideas about gender bias and such gender stereotypes shape the mental framework of the students and leave an everlasting effect on the social outlook of the students. Children develop a certain sense of perception and personality while reading such books. The text, words, and pictures in the books leave a permanent blueprint in their mind and they organize their behavior along the patriarchal line, represented in the books. In the textbooks, male-dominant ideology has been used to construct reality in such a way that serves the interest of men in a society. There is a latent and manifest nexus of power and language which favors the patriarchal values. Gender ideologies apparent in the books are also embedded in children's pictures, mass media, and even clothing. There are also more males characters and heroes than females characters and heroes in the textbooks of Urdu and English. All prominent leaders of the Pakistan movement are males and only one female leader, Fatimah Jinnah, has representation in the books but that too in her capacity as sister of the founder of Pakistan Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
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Stojanova, Christina. "The Great War: Cinema, Propaganda, and The Emancipation of Film Language." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausfm-2017-0006.
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AbstractThe relation between war and cinema, propaganda and cinema is a most intriguing area, located at the intersection of media studies, history and film aesthetics. A truly tragic moment in human history, the First World War was also the first to be fought before film cameras. And while in the field, airborne reconnaissance became cinematic (Virilio), domestic propaganda occupied the screen of the newly emergent national cinemas, only to see its lucid message challenged and even subverted by the fast-evolving language of cinema. Part one of this paper looks at three non-fiction films, released in 1916:Battle of Somme, With Our Heroes at the Somme(Bei unseren Helden an der Somme) andBattle of Somme(La Bataille de la Somme), as paradigmatic propaganda takes on the eponymous historical battle from British, German and French points of view. Part two analyses two war-time Hollywood melodramas, David Wark Griffith’sHearts of the World(1918) and Allen Holubar’sThe Heart of Humanity(1919), and explains the longevity of the former with the powerful “text effect” of the authentic wartime footage included. Thus, while these WWI propaganda works do validate Virilio’s ideas of the integral connections between technology, war and cinema, and between cinema and propaganda, they also herald the emancipation of post-WWI film language.
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Kusuma, Rina Sari, and Farra Salsabilla AS. "GOJEK AS HEROES IN PANDEMIC TIMES (ANALYSIS OF HEALTH CAMPAIGN NARRATIVE IN GOJEK ADVERTISING)." Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 366–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/interaksi.12.2.366-390.
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In the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, the role of the mass media is very important to inform various things, especially about health messages that must be carried out by the community. There are many advertisements about health protocol campaigns that aim to invite or persuade the public to implement health protocols to avoid Covid-19 and reduce Covid-19 cases in Indonesia. Advertisements about health protocol campaigns that are broadcast are also often made by several parties, such as the government and the private sector. One example of this advertisement is the Gojek Indonesia advertisement. The theory used is narrative theory and Transportation Imagery Model. This study uses a qualitative approach with a narrative analysis method. The data collection technique uses documentation. The research subject is Gojek advertisement. The results showed that the health narrative in Gojek's advertisements during the Covid-19 pandemic persuaded the audience by bringing the audience to an actual or real experience as if the audience played a role in the narrative or story, thereby generating empathy. In addition, Gojek was shown as a Hero character during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Keyser, Catherine. "Robert Benchley and Dorothy Parker ‘In Broadway Playhouses’: Middlebrow Theatricality and Sophisticated Humour." Modernist Cultures 6, no. 1 (May 2011): 121–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2011.0007.
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This essay proposes that humorists Robert Benchley and Dorothy Parker cast the middlebrow professional as a modern performer in their drama reviews and fiction. Under the sign of sophistication, their work champions individual identity and social status based on professionalism, public performance, and wit. The article traces sophistication as an ideal on the Broadway stage of the 1920s and 1930s, analyzes the skeptical personae that Benchley and Barker create in their drama reviews for middlebrow magazines, and follows the trope of performance (monologue, song, stage) in fiction by Benchley and Parker. In their drama reviews, Benchley and Parker reclaim the tonal extremes of modernist drama for the alienated middle-class professional, and they insist that even artistic avant-gardes derive their techniques from low-cultural spectacle and mass media people-pleasing. In so doing, they encouraged their readers to view themselves as consumers and producers of modern performances. In their fiction, Benchley and Parker use the roles of the beleaguered businessman and the world-weary divorcée to advocate social mobility, professional independence, and hedonistic choice over self-abnegating duty.
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Salgaro, Massimo, and Benjamin Van Tourhout. "Why Does Frank Underwood Look at Us? Contemporary Heroes Suggest the Need of a Turn in the Conceptualization of Fictional Empathy." Journal of Literary Theory 12, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 345–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2018-0019.
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Abstract Fictional heroes have long attracted the attention and emotions of their audiences and readers. Moreover, such sustained attention or emotional involvement has often taken the form of identification, even empathy. This essay suggests that since 9/11, however, a new cycle of heroism has emerged that has taken its place, namely the hybrid hero (cf. Van Tourhout 2017; 2018). Hybrid heroes have become increasingly popular during the post 9/11 period, offering escapism and reassurance to audiences in difficult times in which clear-cut divisions between good and bad, between right and wrong came under pressure. These characters challenge audiences and creators on moral and narrative levels because of their fluid symbiosis of heroic and villainous features. We find some well-known examples in contemporary TV-series such as Breaking Bad, House of Cards, etc. Hybrid heroes are looking for ways to arouse audiences and are aiming at the complicity of the audience. The most striking example of this complicit nature can be seen in the TV-series House of Cards when Frank Underwood addresses the audience by staring into the camera. Traditional psychological and aesthetic theories on empathy are challenged by the phenomenon of the hybrid hero because empathy is generally conceived in prosocial terms, with most of the current research being geared toward a positive notion of empathy (cf. Johnson 2012; Bal/Veltkamp 2013; Koopman/Hakemulder 2015). Additionally, there has been a prevalent confusion between sympathy and empathy that has impacted our understanding of the perception of such heroes (cf. Jolliffe/Farrington 2006). In fact, one of the reasons for the predominantly positive connotation of empathy in the study of literary reception is that empathy has been narrowly defined as »sympathy and concern for unfortunate others« (Bal/Veltkamp 2013, 2). The distinction between empathy and sympathy is crucial in the study of immoral figures because, as research has shown, only sympathy involves a moral judgement. The concept of a hybrid hero pushes us to decouple the core of fictional empathy from moral impulses or prosocial actions because it demands a »suspension of moral judgement from its viewer« (cf. Vaage 2013). Some recent studies (cf. Happ/Melzer/Steffgen 2015) have found that empathic responses to videogames cause antisocial effects, while others report cases of »tactical empathy« (cf. Bubandt/Willerslev 2016) or »empathic sadism«, which allows the fiction reader to predict the feelings of the characters and to find enjoyment in this prediction, independently of the negative state and the pain of them (cf. Breithaupt 2016). We believe that the conceptualisation of an emotional bond between the audience and questionable or hybrid heroes will only be permitted through a turn in the approach to the concept of fictional empathy in media studies and aesthetic theory. Thus, the scope of the present paper is not only to describe the phenomenon of the hybrid hero, but also the specific notion of empathy and aesthetic enjoyment that the concept of a hybrid hero demands, that, compared to the present concepts of empathy: (1) distinguishes empathy from sympathy, (2) decouples empathy from morality, (3) takes into account the aesthetic enjoyment associated with negative emotions and moral violations. Finally, we argue that this renewed concept of fictional empathy should be incorporated into newly introduced models of art reception, which integrate both positive and negative emotions in art fruition (cf. Menninghaus et al. 2017). Recent research in empirical aesthetics and media psychology seems to support this view in showing that a moral violation in fictional stories produces mixed emotional and enjoyable responses (cf. McGraw/Warren 2010). The success of the hybrid hero confirms that the interplays of positive, negative and mixed emotion elicited by ambivalent figures such as the hybrid hero can partially explain the massive success and broader impact of contemporary TV series.
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Zakarneh, Bilal, Nagaletchimee Annamalai, Enas Khalil Alquqa, Khaled M. Mohamed, and Najeh Rajeh Al Salhi. "Virtual Reality and Alternate Realities in Neal Stephenson’s “Snow Crash”." World Journal of English Language 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2024): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v14n2p244.
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Cyberpunk literature encapsulates the genre's essence by representing technology integration and human existence in a dark, impending future. It shows a society rife with disparities and introduces unconventional heroes who navigate a world where the boundaries between the virtual and tangible realms. The primary objective of this research is to examine the representations of Virtual Reality and Alternate Reality in cyberpunk literature, mainly focusing on Neal Stephenson's "Snow Crash." The focus lies on how this significant work illustrates the portrayal of virtual and alternate realities in American science fiction, viewed through Postmodernism Literary Theory. An extensive discussion revealed that "Snow Crash" is a platform for addressing societal issues through its sturdy framework, examination of human interactions, and ethical considerations. It allows writers to explore intricate ideas, particularly emphasizing the significance of technology and scientific advancement. This exploration delves into the transformative potential of technology on society, ethics, and human experience, allowing for insightful social commentary. Also, "Snow Crash" mirrors societal shifts in scientific, technological, social, and cultural aspects affected by economic systems like mass consumerism and multinational capitalism. It embodies a paradigm that vividly portrays postmodern ideology, challenging established notions, especially concerning identity, within postmodern societies. Finally, the study's implications and limitations are discussed.
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Artamonov, D. S. "Media Memory in the Fanfiction Culture: the Image of Peter the Great in Online Literature." Tempus et Memoria 2, no. 1 (2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/tetm.2021.1.004.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of the image of Peter I in the online literature. The author uses the concept of media memory to describe the phenomenon of the existence of collective ideas about the past in the media environment. He considers the culture of fanfiction as one of the practices of constructing media memory. Analysis of amateur art texts on the crowdsourcing platform "Book of Fan Fiction" (ficbook.net) revealed the ways in which Internet users build their attitude to history. The review of historical texts about the Peter the Great era showed that the user's ideas about Peter the Great are extremely mythologized, based on stereotypes that are overcome by the free interpretation and actualization of the facts of the past, with the help of images of modern mass culture.
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Zhang, Chengyue, and Ben Wu. "Characterizing gender stereotypes in popular fiction: A machine learning approach." Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies 13, no. 4 (October 1, 2023): e202349. http://dx.doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13644.
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Gender representation portrayed in popular mass media is known to reflect and reinforce societal gender stereotypes. This research uses two methods of natural language processing–Word2Vec and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model–to analyze gender representation in popular fiction and quantify gender bias with gender bias score. Word2Vec, which represents the words in vectorized format, can capture implicit human gender bias with the geometry relationship between word vectors. BERT, a newer pre-trained deep learning model, is specialized in understanding words in the larger context it appears in. The research will compare the results obtained from Word2Vec and BERT. With book check out records from the Seattle Public Library checkout dataset–an ongoing open source dataset from the public library system of Seattle, WA–the research aims to identify evolutionary trends of gender bias in popular fiction and analyze consumer preferences regarding gender representation.
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Isha Mittal. "Use of Women’s Beauty and Makeup in Battle: Unveiling Stereotypes and Strength." Creative Saplings 2, no. 09 (December 26, 2023): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.56062/gtrs.2023.2.09.462.
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Since the earliest writings of Bharatmuni's Natyashastra, an essential text in Indian aesthetics written more than two thousand years ago, women have been essentially connected with beauty and makeup. Shringararasa was mostly associated with women in the Rasa philosophy. This link has persisted and can even be seen in current Hollywood productions. It is interesting how beauty has been portrayed in two distinct manners throughout various historical works of literature, films, and books. On one hand, it has supported stereotypes like child marriage and placed restrictions on women's access to higher education and the workforce. On the other side, beauty has the ability to oppose patriarchy and, in a larger sense, be a tool for engaging in the struggle against oppression and lending support to diverse freedom movements. When faced with these obstacles, women stand out as heroes because they actively destroy patriarchal repressive institutions. Numerous narratives, motion pictures, and stage plays—both fiction and non-fiction—emphasize the extraordinary resilience of women and demonstrate how they employ cosmetics and beauty not just as a means of self-expression but also as instruments of adaptation in feminist movements and combat zones. These tales capture the essence of Goddess Durga, who stands for fortitude and tenacity. This paper analyses both perspectives of beauty, citing various texts, movies, novels, and other media as sources for its arguments. Let us continue the teachings of history, mythology, and film by traversing the complexity of beauty, strength, and resistance. Let us raise the voices of those who question conventions, celebrate diversity, and collaborate to create a society where every individual, regardless of gender, may thrive and contribute to the prosperity of a genuinely inclusive and just world.