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Kerr, Andrew. "Heroes and enemies : American Second World War comics and propaganda." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2016. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/27880/.
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During the Second World War, American comic books were put to use for the war effort as carriers of propaganda. This thesis explores the propaganda in comics that were published with the cooperation of government and military institutions such as the Office of War Information and the United States Marine Corps. The propaganda contained within titles published in tandem with government institutions was primarily communicated through the interplay of the characters of the hero and the enemy or villain. Grouping these characters into recurrent types according to their characterisation allows for close reading of their particular propaganda function. This thesis establishes a connection between the Office of War Information, The Dell Publishing Company, Parents’ Magazine Press and Street and Smith Publications, carrying forward the work of Paul Hirsch (2014). Each of these publishers produced comics that included war related propaganda, as did the Office of War Information itself. Added to this sample are the war comics produced by Vincent Sullivan, the editor of Magazine Enterprises and its subsidiaries, that were published with the cooperation of the US Marine Corps and other military institutions. In addition, a sample of the comics of William Eisner are included in order to demonstrate that the same groupings of hero and enemy occur in fictional comic narratives as well as those that purport to be non-fictional. Similar to Joe Simon and Jack Kirby’s famous creation of Captain America, Eisner produced Uncle Sam in response to the rising patriotic fervour in 1941 as the country increasingly debated and prepared for war. Eisner was later enlisted to produce comics for the Pentagon on war related issues. There is also a discussion of Milton Caniff’s contribution to the US military publication Pocket Guide To China and the Office of War Information publication The Life of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (1943). 6 As a counterpoint to the propaganda function of each type of hero and enemy contained within the commercially published sample, this thesis analyses a selection of unpublished, soldier-illustrated comics from the Second World War thanks to privileged access to the Veterans History Project (2013) at the Library of Congress. These unpublished artefacts demonstrate that the comics medium allowed space for alternative voices to express their reaction to the conflict, resisting the wider propaganda narrative exhibited by the commercial sample and reacting to the loss of individuality and authoritarian structure of the military, while stylistically demonstrating the soldiers’ affinity for comics such as George Baker’s Sad Sack and anti-heroes such as Bill Mauldin’s ‘Willie and Joe’. In this way these soldier-illustrated comics presented a democratic counter-point to the lack of democracy within the armed forces (Alpers, 2003, 158) and exhibit a form of patriotism focused on the ‘grassroots’ elements of American everyday life and culture as opposed to the jingoistic and ideological patriotism of the commercial comics. Methodologically, application of close reading to the content of comics’ narratives, on the level of a particular panel, story, advertisement, or other content, reveals comics to be significant historical sources that offer insight into the propaganda embedded in the popular culture of the period. Critical discourse analysis is applied to the rhetorical elements of the comics in order to explore how many of them served to marganilise particular groups, identifying them as the ‘enemy’ in contrast with the ‘hero’ (Brundage, 2008). Similarly, a semiotic approach informed by the work of Roland Barthes (1973; 1987) is undertaken in order to understand the significance of both visual and rhetorical elements of the texts. Alongside this approach is the methodological assumption of the ‘implied reader’ advocated by Wolfgang Iser’s (1978) that allows the analysis the virtual scope to discuss an idealised reader’s potential response to each text. This notion of the ‘implied reader’ is counterbalanced by a consideration of Stuart Hall’s (1980, 1997) three potential decoding positions in tandem with a consideration of the wider historical context. 7 Once the groups of hero and enemy are identified, subsets of both groups are developed according to their characterisation and the attributes they display. This is done in order to facilitate analysis of the ideology communicated by each of these character types. Identifying the function of each type of hero and enemy makes a new contribution to the wider field of propaganda studies. This contribution encourages a greater understanding of the role played by comics during the Second World War in encouraging ideological propaganda as well as allowing for resistance to it.
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Dunlap, Robert. "Ordinary Heroes: Depictions of Masculinity in World War II Film." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1177682964.
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Kushner, Antony Robin Jeremy. "British antisemitism in the Second World War." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1986. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2972/.
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This thesis examines both antisemitism and Jewish- Gentile relations in Britain during the Second World War. It argues that although hostility to Jews has rarely become violent, antisemitism has still made a strong impact on Anglo-Jewry and the whole of British society. Firstly, the thesis outlines a tradition of organized antisemitism which managed to survive the war and also helped to increase 'Jew-consciousness' in Britain. Secondly, it shows how hostile stereotypes of Jews continued, despite the close contact of Jews and Gentiles in the conflict, and the sympathy created by the plight of European Jewry. Thirdly, it analyses tensions caused by shortages of goods as well as other domestic problems that arose during the war and which led to Jews becoming scapegoats. Finally, the thesis suggests that antisemitism has not been alien to the British experience, and can indeed become respectable in times of crisis, as was the case with the internment panic in the summer of 1940. The basic difference between British antisemitism in the war and that of Germany or France was the role of the state. The thesis illustrates how the British government, in principle, was opposed to antisemitism, but that this did not mean it was immune from hostility towards Jews. Indeed, its antipathy partially explains the feeble response to the crisis of European Jewry and the scale of alien internment. The continuation of British liberal democracy has put restraints on the success of' antisemitism without being able to destroy it. Antisemitism has thus survived in Britain, putting a dual and contradictory pressure on Anglo-Jewry both to assimilate and to keep apart from Gentile society. The net result has been to create an atmosphere unlikely to produce a healthy Anglo-Jewish identity.
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Nelis, Tina. "Northern Ireland in the Second World War." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/northern-ireland-in-the-second-world-war(5ba67741-fa26-4a8a-b9ae-9a9e0dda35c7).html.
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This thesis is an examination of how the Second World War has been commemorated in Northern Ireland. It seeks to explore how popular and official understandings of the war were constructed around two key moments. Primarily, it looks at the Victory celebrations to mark the end of the war in the West in May 1945. Secondly, it examines the importance of the publication of the official war history Northern Ireland in the Second World War in November 1956. By looking closely at how the Northern Irish government planned for the victory celebrations and how this ritual unfolded, we can reveal much about Northern Irish society at the end of the war. This thesis shows that the state-led, official commemoration served only to alienate the Catholic community. Exploring how the Northern Irish press recorded this event highlights the underlying tensions existing between both communities at the time. This thesis argues that the Northern Irish government used the victory celebrations to project a positive image of itself to the British government. Equally, in 1940 the Northern Irish government rather pre-emptively commissioned the writing of its own official war history, separate from the United Kingdom Official War History Series. This decision, taken by the Northern Irish government, was intended to ensure that Northern Ireland’s role in the war would never be forgotten. After 1945, the unionist government, preoccupied with securing its constitutional positioning within the United Kingdom, intended to make this official history a permanent memorial to Northern Ireland’s contribution to the war. Written, therefore, to exaggerate Northern Ireland’s part in the war, this official war history can be seen as a reflection of unionist insecurity. It is through these commemorative processes that ideas of national identity and belonging are explored.
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Pollarine, Joshua R. "Children at war underage Americans illegally fighting the second world war /." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052008-083333/.
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Owen, Rebekah Jayne. "Trans-Tasman relations in the Second World War." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of History, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4675.
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This thesis deals with the politics, foreign policies and diplomacy and of Australia and New
Zealand in the Second World War focusing upon relations between the two countries. It is
a study of the decline of the British Empire-Commonwealth and rise of the United States
and the differing ways in which the Australian and New Zealand governments reacted to
these dramatic changes.
The Australian and New Zealand governments were drawn together twice to meet
two uncomfortable outside influences - one a threatening Japanese invasion, and secondly
United States intentions in the Pacific, affecting Australian freedom of action.
The Japanese threat was significant because the Australian and New Zealand
governments reacted in different ways to the declining power of the Empire-Commonwealth
in relation to the rising power of the United States in the Pacific. The Australian
government's relations with the Empire-Commonwealth soured dramatically as Curtin's
government appeared to move out of the imperial framework and sought close relations
with the United States. The New Zealand government, in contrast, was more inclined to
remain within the imperial framework and did not react dramatically to the decline of the
Empire-Commonwealth.
These divergent reactions help to explain the differences of opinion between the
Australian and New Zealand governments over manpower and the location of their armed
forces - respectively in Pacific and the Mediterranean.
The second outside uncomfortable influence, the United States increasing interest in
the Pacific from mid 1943, led to the Australian-New Zealand Agreement which was a
landmark in trans-Tasman relations.
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Fleming, K. M. A. "Classics and the Second World War : appropriations of antiquity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599072.
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This thesis examines the immediate impact of the Second World War on classics and the classical tradition. I begin with a study of Jean Anouilh’s Antigone. Now understood almost by default (at least outside France) as the tragedy of a Résistante, in fact, Antigone was neither embraced by the Resistance as a sister-in-arms, nor was the play received by the German or collaborationist press as an attack on the Nazi occupiers or the Vichy government. It was, however, politically controversial, becoming the focus of intense debate. In this chapter I examine the significance of the critical response to the play. The importance of this Antigone generally reflects the long tradition of European criticism on the Antigone story, but the historical circumstances of the play’s production and its consequent reception reveal much about the dynamics of the appropriation of antiquity in the twentieth century. My second chapter focuses on Dialektik der Aufklärung: Philosophische Fragmente by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno. To answer the question of how the Enlightenment project could have failed so miserably to present the kind of barbarity typified by fascism, Horkheimer and Adorno turn to the Odyssey. Here those patterns of dominating reason, which recurrently emerge in the European mind, are first to be found and exposed. No doubt the text uses the Odyssey to construct its theory but, beyond this, I argue that Dialektik also offers a radical and damning critique of (German) Philhellenism. Dialektik der Aufklärung is a text which performs its own complicated role in enlightened thinking. The authors’ reading of the Odyssey, in its elusiveness, reflects this tortured dialectic. My final chapter takes its initial focus from Martin Heidegger’s Brief über den Humanismus. The way in which the politics of the 1930s and 40s are refracted through the philosophy of Heidegger has long been a concern for those interested in the intellectual history of the twentieth century. To some extent Heidegger’s Brief constitutes a reflection on his own political engagement with Nazism, particularly in its confrontation of the accusation that his ontological philosophy was practised at the expense of ethics.
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Hess, Susan Jane. "Civilian evacuation to Devon in the Second World War." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3517.
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Extensive sources have been reviewed and analysed to piece together for the first time a detailed academic study of civilian evacuation to Devon viewed against the national backdrop. The primary focus of this thesis is the large number of unaccompanied children who were officially evacuated to the County under the auspices of the Government Evacuation Scheme during the Second World War. However, Chapter Six discusses the evacuation of mothers and accompanying children, unofficial (private) evacuees and private school parties. The majority of evacuated children arriving in Devon originated from the London area and southeastern counties. In addition large numbers of children were also evacuated to the County from Bristol and within the County from Plymouth (Devon) during 1941 and briefly from Exeter in May 1942. Each of the three national evacuation waves is considered individually throughout the text as they are quite distinct in complexion, a fact frequently ignored in generalised accounts which tend to focus on reaction to the initial wave. This thesis argues that: 1. lack of regional and local research has resulted in evacuation largely being viewed in generalised and stereotypical terms without due regard for the socioeconomic and geopolitical variance between those areas involved or the particular localised features of the evacuation process 2. the acclimatisation of evacuated children was particularly successful in Devon and drift back less than the national average 3. local evidence supports the argument that contemporary national reports of impoverished, dirty and ill mannered evacuees were frequently exaggerated 4. evacuation was central in accelerating postwar reform in areas of education, child care and welfare The civilian evacuation during World War Two was a remarkable event in the history of modern Britain. Interest in the subject has recently increased but there is enormous scope and need for further research both to broaden our understanding of the nature and impact of evacuation and to test entrenched views. The over-arching aim of this thesis is to contribute to this exploration.
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Chapman, James. "Official British film propaganda during the Second World War." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308985.
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Balic, Emily Greble. "A city apart : Sarajevo in the second world war /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Hammett, Jessica Mary. "Representations of community in Second World War civil defence." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/67159/.
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Von, Peter Felicitas. "British policy towards Portugal in the Second World War." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272593.
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Tamkin, Nicholas. "Britain's relations with Turkey during the Second World War." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252038.
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Durflinger, Serge Marc. "City at war : the effects of the Second World War on Verdun, Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ29927.pdf.
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Hately-Broad, Barbara. "Prisoner of war families and the British Government during the Second World War." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3416/.
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In order to locate the particular financial problems faced by prisoner of war families, the first two chapters of the thesis address the general development of service allowances up to and during the Second World War. Chapters three and four then focus on the experience of prisoner of war families within this context. The remaining chapters move away from financial consideration to the equally important question of how information was disseminated to prisoner of war families through both official and unofficial sources. In the final chapter the impact of the Second World War on service allowances is reviewed. The thesis concludes that the Second World War had little impact on government treatment of prisoner of war families. At least in part, this is attributable to government perceptions of service families as a whole. During the course of the war, the need to ensure that servicemen performed as efficiently as possible led to a perceived duty on the part of the State to maintain their families. Once the conflict had ended, this responsibility devolved to the individual servicemen themselves. In addition, for prisoner of war families, the government had not encouraged servicemen to consider the possibility of being taken captive and make adequate financial provision for their families in this eventuality. Not until after the Korean War did the State acknowledge its responsibility to prepare both men and their families for the possibility of capture.
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Spark, Seumas. "The treatment of the British Military War Dead of the Second World War." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27449.
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Almost nothing is known about the treatment of the British military dead of the Second World War. It is one of the few aspects of the conflict that has not been afforded attention by scholars. This is remarkable given that death is the most profound and important consequence of war. Drawing on extensive and previously unused sources in the National Archives and the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, the thesis endeavours to correct this oversight by examining the treatment of the military dead in the European, Mediterranean and African theatres of the 1939-45 conflict. It does this in parts, reflecting the three stages of the burial process. In the first part British burial policy and frontline burial practice are examined. The operations of the army and air force graves services, which were responsible for confirming the location and identity of the dead, are studied in the second part. The third part considers first the manner in which the Imperial War Graves Commission commemorated the British dead in battlefield cemeteries, and then the pilgrimages undertaken to these cemeteries by bereaved relatives in the early post -war period. The successes and failures of the burial process cannot be assessed without this perspective. The research shows that shortcomings in the planning and administration of burial and graves operations resulted in the loss of the remains and identities of thousands of British servicemen. The fact that the bodies of so many others were recovered, and accorded identified interment, is credit to the work of the military graves services and the thesis seeks to recognise their contribution to this hitherto- unexplored aspect of the 'People's War'.
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Tranter, Samuel J. "Fighting the last war : Britain, the lost generation and the Second World War." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15606.
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Concerted efforts to debunk popular myths about the Great War have resulted in cant attention being paid to the purpose and value of the lost generation myth within British society, particularly during times of further conflict such as the Second World War. This thesis reveals the benefits of reflecting on the previous conflict in ways connected with the concept of a lost generation during the years 1939-45. These benefits boiled down to the fact that myths exist for their utility as means of comprehending both past and present. This applied to the myth in its strictest sense as an explanatory narrative used to interpret demographic issues as well as psychological, spiritual and material ones. Notions of a missing generation and visions of the living lost are therefore used to demonstrate how the concept of a lost generation was used to make sense of the world. Also examined are the myth's wider discursive effects. Other handy devices used to understand the past and to approach the present were powerful symbols and commemorative narratives closely connected to visions of a lost generation. Analysis of the myth-making power of major poets demonstrates how engagement with the iconic status and visions of Rupert Brooke, Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sasoon was used to outline contemporary concerns. A detailed examination of the language surrounding the British Legion's Poppy Appeal and the observance of Armistice Day also shows how these rituals were used not only to frame loss but also to understand and explain the renewal of international conflict. By exposing the utility of these related discourses and practices, as well as of the myth in its own right, this thesis ultimately illuminates a crucial phase in the myth's endurance as a popular definition of what happened between 1914 and 1918.
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Wong, Sin Man Sally. "Words that won the war : a linguistic analysis of second world war posters." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/646.
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Croft, Hazel. "War neurosis and civilian mental health in Britain during the Second World War." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2016. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/190/.
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This thesis investigates the mental health of civilians through an exploration of medical discourse, government policy and psychiatric practice in Britain during the Second World War. The first section of the thesis analyses how the diagnosis of ‘war neurosis’ was constructed and theorised in psychiatric thought. It explores the relationship between psychiatric theories and the government’s health and pension policies, and argues that psychiatric understandings of what constituted ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ psychological responses to the war involved a political as well a medical judgement. These official discourses and policy helped to create and sustain the dominant narrative of the war as one that had created few psychological disorders among civilians. The second section of this study explores wartime mental health as it was practised in the political and social context of the war. It investigates psychiatric interventions at four sites of wartime practice: public mental hospitals, psychiatric outpatient clinics, ‘front-line’ areas hit by bombing-raids, and industrial factories. Its findings indicate that there was no agreement amongst medical practitioners about the extent and nature of civilian neurosis, and suggest that civilians’ psychological reactions to the war were far more diverse than has been portrayed in many histories of the home front. The thesis contends that the notion of a collective psychological response to the war masks the complexity of diagnostic debates and the multiplicity of emotions that were experienced during the war.
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Abrahams, Paul Richard Adolphe. "Haute-Savoie at war, 1939-1945." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251528.
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Varble, Neil. "The Wehrmarcht: Soldiers and Germans During the Second World War." TopSCHOLAR®, 2007. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/384.
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The German Army, also known as the Wehrmacht, fought a brutal war on the Eastern Front during the Second World War. These soldiers, under the command of military officials of the Nazi state, vowed to destroy Bolshevism and Jewish populations. By examining letters from soldiers to family members on the German home front as well as letters from families to the men on the front lines, a better understanding of the motivations of war is revealed. Letters of these men and family members present insight into a vast area of research in German twentieth century history. An estimated 20 to 40 billion letters circulated throughout the German armed forces from 1939 until 1945. In addition to letters, Nazi propaganda and the Hitler Youth greatly contributed to the influx of anti-Semitic and anti-Bolshevik mindsets throughout the military ranks. Due to the events surrounding the end of the First World War, Hitler was successful in creating a vendetta against his European neighbors who betrayed Germany in 1918-1919. Revenge against Germany's enemies was constantly preached to the German population as well as soldiers serving in the Wehrmacht. These individuals would take their revenge against civilian populations and prisoners of war. The majority of German atrocities took place on the Eastern Front in Russia after the launch of operation Barbarossa in June 1941. The following research does not attempt to describe every German veteran of the Second World War; rather, it is important to realize that war is horrendous under any circumstance and the Second World War proved no different. Additional research, namely in Germany, is necessary in order to develop an even more detailed perspective of the average soldier of the Wehrmacht.
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Ingelbien, Raphael. "Misreading England : poetry and nationhood since the Second World War." Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323171.
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Spear, Jonathan A. "Embedded : the Australian Red Cross in the Second World War /." Connect to thesis, 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1935.
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Mahoney, Cathy. "A historical sensibility : television, postfeminism and the Second World War." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/35041/.
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Postfeminism is not an ideological position or coherent theoretical framework that can be applied externally to the analysis of texts. Indeed popular postfeminism – as distinguished in this thesis from academic postfeminism – is knowable only through its workings in culture, specifically in the representation of gender in “postfeminist” media texts. Therefore, this thesis does not adopt a postfeminist position or approach to analyse the source texts, but rather seeks to identify and deconstruct a postfeminist sensibility within them. This sensibility became apparent in 1990s depictions of characters such as Bridget Jones (Renée Zellweger) and Ally McBeal (Calista Flockhart); however, it prevails in texts created in the current moment and inflects their representation of women. This thesis seeks to identify the themes and characteristics of this sensibility at the site of their creation – media texts representing women – expose the reasons why they are problematic, and show that the same traits exist in the texts considered here. In so doing it seeks to demonstrate that postfeminist ideals are still informing representations of women in the media. Furthermore, it seeks to demonstrate that this postfeminist sensibility, despite being a product of 1990s postfeminism and the current post/post-post-feminist moment, inflects representations of women from different time-periods, specifically from the Second World War and immediate post-war period. Because of the media’s (and specifically television’s) central role in the formation of cultural memory, this creates a lens through which women’s history and women’s historical identities are viewed in the present day. This postfeminist lens, or sensibility (Gill 2007), is thereby dehistoricised as an aspect of essential femininity. In this way the politics of the present are cast onto the past. Through this process, the events of the past are drained of any independent meaning and repurposed/redeployed to meet the needs of the present. The centrality and ubiquity of such postfeminist visions of the past is such that postfeminist discourse has become a central component of what this thesis terms, the Historical Sensibility which informs and structures historical drama on television.
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Fisher, G. C. "Locating Germanness : Bukovina and Bukovinians after the Second World War." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1461387/.
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The National Socialist regime’s policies of discrimination, territorial expansion and genocide, and their immediate consequences, radically transformed the demographic, geographic and political map of Europe. These historical circumstances also lastingly recast what it meant to be German. The violence of these events was such that it reverberates across generations until the present. Yet if German nationalism was discredited by the defeat of Hitler, the war also seemed to confirm the necessity of a convergence between peoples and state borders. In addition, the legacies of violence perpetuated the distinction between overwhelmingly Jewish victims and German perpetrators. This thesis explores the development of a variety of constructions and uses of Germanness in the aftermath of World War Two. It is based on the case study of Bukovina, a former province of the Habsburg Empire regarded as both an ‘island of Germanness’ and a model of ‘peaceful coexistence among peoples’. Until the Second World War, the historical territory of Bukovina was home to a significant minority of German-speaking Jews, and self-defining ethnic Germans. After 1945, many of these German-speaking Bukovinians developed a nostalgic and quasi-diasporic relationship to this homeland, epitomised by the creation of Landsmannschaften (homeland societies) in Germany and Israel. This thesis explores the complexities of these Bukovinian identities in different and changing post-war contexts, primarily West Germany, but also former East Germany, Romania and Israel. It argues that these narratives and enactments influenced each other, but also need to be related to the larger post-war categories of ‘expellees’ (Heimatvertriebene) and ‘Holocaust survivors’ in particular. Adopting a socio-cultural approach and taking Bukovina as a site of interaction of different discourses on Germanness in the post-war period, this thesis challenges the direct link often posited between experience, identification and national frameworks of understanding. Instead, it emphasises the importance of ‘belonging’, ‘compensation’ and ‘coherence’.
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Millar, Anne. "Wartime Training at Canadian Universities during the Second World War." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33146.
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This dissertation provides an account of the contributions of Canadian universities to the Second World War. It examines the deliberations and negotiations of university, government, and military officials on how best to utilize and direct the resources of Canadian institutions of higher learning towards the prosecution of the war and postwar reconstruction. During the Second World War, university leaders worked with the Dominion Government and high-ranking military officials to establish comprehensive training programs on campuses across the country. These programs were designed to produce service personnel, provide skilled labour for essential war and civilian industries, impart specialized and technical knowledge to enlisted service members, and educate returning veterans. University administrators actively participated in the formation and expansion of these training initiatives and lobbied the government for adequate funding to ensure the success of their efforts. This study shows that university heads, deans, and prominent faculty members eagerly collaborated with both the government and the military to ensure that their institutions’ material and human resources were best directed in support of the war effort and that, in contrast to the First World War, skilled graduates would not be heedlessly wasted. At the center of these negotiations was the National Conference of Canadian Universities, a body consisting of heads of universities and colleges from across the country. This organization maintained an active presence in all major deliberations and exercised substantial influence over the policies affecting the mobilization of university resources.
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Buckthorp, Kirsty-Ann. "The politics of justice : Anglo-American war crimes policy during the Second World War." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367623.
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Moule, Andrew James. "Changing representations of the Second World War in British Post-War cinema, 1946-1960." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/41214.
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Post-war British films featuring the Second World War are of considerable cultural significance, their number and enduring popularity evidence of a long-lasting pre-occupation with the war among cinema-goers. Furthermore, an analysis of representation of the war, changes in these representation and consideration of which types of representation proved popular or unpopular, can throw light on the British people’s attitudes towards the conflict and changes in such attitudes over time. However, despite their significance these films have received relatively little scholarly attention, leaving largely unchallenged a number of assertions: that representations of the war are confined to a homogenous group of combat-oriented films that began no earlier than 1950; that their popularity was evidence of escapist nostalgia and that British cinema failed both to depict the brutality of war and to explore its ethical dimensions. This study challenges these assumptions. Discussing just over 100 films, it argues that representations of the war changed noticeably during the period 1946-1960 with a wide range of war and war-related themes being explored, something that becomes clearly apparent when this period is divided into three distinct periods. Furthermore, evidence of films’ popularity is used to support the assertion that assumptions of homogeneity spring from a focus on commercially-successful films. It further argues that an analysis of films from the first half of the 1950s reveals a dominant theme of tribute rather than escapist nostalgia and that there is plentiful evidence from the second half of the 1950s of films depicting the brutality of war and exploring its ethical dimensions.
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Phillips, Jason C. "The Forgotten Footnote of the Second World War: An Examination of the Historiography of Scandinavia during World War II." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1149.
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The Anglo-American interpretation of the Second World War has continuously overlooked the significance of the Scandinavian region to the outcome of the war. This thesis seeks to address some of the more glaring errors of omission that have dampened the Anglo-American understanding of the war. Attention will first be paid to Finland and how its war against the Soviet Union in 1939-1940, known as the Winter War, influenced Adolf Hitler and his decision to launch Operation ‘Barbarossa.’ In regards to Sweden, attention will be paid to how critical Swedish iron ore was to the Nazi war economy. Finally, the thesis will examine how the Anglo- American interpretation of the German invasion of Norway is flawed. The thesis seeks to change the way that the role Scandinavia played during the Second World War is understood amongst Anglo-American historians and begin a new conversation on the story of World War II.
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Burton, Kathleen M. "The Christian resistance in France during the Second World War : its uniqueness and obscurity /." View abstract, 2000. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1581.html.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2000.Thesis advisor: Marie-Claire Rohinsky. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts [in Modern Languages]." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-101).
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Boyne, David J. "Ordinary men in another world : British other ranks in captivity in Asia during the Second World War." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54344/.
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McIntosh, Terresa (Terresa Ann) Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "Other images of war : Canadian women war artists of the first and second world wars." Ottawa, 1990.
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VIEIRA, MARCO ANTONIO MUXAGATA DE CARVALHO. "IDEAS AND INSTITUTIONS: THE POST-SECOND WORLD WAR AND POST-COLD WAR BRAZILIAN FOREIGN POLICY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2652@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOA principal característica do sistema internacional no Pós- Segunda Guerra Mundial e no Pós-Guerra Fria, que, a meu ver, influenciou de maneira decisiva a percepção dos governos Dutra e Collor sobre o modo como deveria se orientar a política externa brasileira, foi a incontestável emergência dos EUA como liderança mundial em uma recém- formada ordem internacional. Sendo assim, o diagnóstico político da importância de se centralizar as relações com aquele país condicionou a postura externa do governo brasileiro nesses dois momentos da história diplomática do Brasil.Entretanto, se do ponto de vista da adoção de uma mesma diretriz na condução das questões internacionais, tanto um como outro presidente tiveram uma postura semelhante, é na dimensão do processo político interno de tomada de decisão que surgem diferenças significativas. A meu ver, as características organizacionais e simbólicas da agência diplomática condicionaram a forma com que a percepção da aliança aos EUA pelo Executivo foi conduzida em cada momento específico. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação trabalhará a hipótese de que as diferenças nas condutas externas do Brasil, nos dois períodos aqui analisados, estão relacionadas, fundamentalmente, ao modo como se organizava a relação de autonomia e/ou controle entre a Presidência da República e o Itamaraty, para a tomada de decisão política.
The main feature of the International System in the Post- Second World War and in the Post-Cold War, which, I believe, influenced the perception of both Dutra s and Collor s administrations about the way that the Brazilian foreign policy should have been conducted, was the incontestably appearance of the United States as a worldwide leader in a new international order. Therefore, the political diagnostic of the importance to centralize relations with that country conditioned the foreign behavior of the Brazilian government in those moments of the Brazilian diplomatic history. Nevertheless, although both presidents have adopted a similar directive on the conduction of the Brazilian foreign affairs, it is in the dimension of internal process of decision-making that striking differences have appeared. In my opinion, the organizational and symbolic features of the diplomatic agency conditioned the way the perception of the alliance with United States was conducted by the Executive in both periods. In that direction, the present dissertation supports the hypothesis that those differences in the external behavior of Brazil are related, fundamentally, to the relation of autonomy and control between the Presidency of Republic and the Itamaraty for the decision-making process.
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Kaczka-Valliere, Jeanne Marie. "Coventry's mission for peace and reconciliation since the Second World War." Thesis, Coventry University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424484.
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Parker, Kristy. "Women MPs, feminism and domestic policy in the Second World War." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241334.
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Greenacre, John William. "The development of Britain's airborne forces during the Second World War." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/657/.
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The operational history of Britain's airborne forces during the Second World War ranges from small-scale raids in 1941 through to full divisional deployments in 1944 and 1945. British airborne warfare during the war appears to be characterised by a lack of consistency or apparently observable trends in the military effectiveness. The execution and results of most British airborne operations are extensively recorded within the extant historiography. However, there has been no attempt to examine the process of airborne capability development as a method of identifying the relevant factors that influenced military effectiveness. The inception and growth of any new military capability requires progress and coordination across a number of parallel and inter-linked 'lines of development'. Each line has the potential to create factors that impinge on the progress of other areas of development and ultimately can have effect on the size, shape, and function of the overall capability. Some lines of development have a purely physical effect on the process such as the procurement and supply of equipment and the recruitment and training of manpower. The effect of others is less tangible such as the influence exercised by an individual commander and the control exerted by his staff. While not strictly a line of development the entire process of bringing military capability into service is, at least in part, a function of government policy and therefore the political environment is a significant developmental factor. The process of development is translated into observable military effectiveness by the concepts and doctrine that govern and guide the capability during operations, which is the final line of development examined. This approach to research, using sources previously unexamined in this context, has resulted in the exposure of primary and secondary factors that had either direct or indirect influence on the manner in which Britain's airborne forces fought and the resultant military effect of their employment during the Second World War. New historical insights into the performance of British airborne forces have arisen through this approach to study including the conceptual progression from small-scale raids to divisional operations and the development of tactical doctrine from the Mediterranean in 1943 through northwest Europe in 1944 and 1945.
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Wiggam, Marc Patrick. "The Blackout in Britain and Germany during the Second World War." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3246.
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The impact of air raid precautions in Britain and Germany has received little scholarly attention since the end of the Second World War. Of the protective measures brought about as a result of the invention of the bomber, the blackout was by far the most intrusive and extensive form of civil defence. Yet the historiography of the home front and the bombing war in Britain and Germany has tended to sideline the blackout, or else ignore it entirely. The lack of study given to the blackout is at odds with the scale of its impact across wartime society. This thesis furthers understanding of the blackout and the social history of the British and German home fronts by contextualising the blackout within the development of aviation, and its social and economic effects. It also examines the impact technology could have on the relationship between state and citizens, and addresses the lack of comparative research on Britain and Germany during the Second World War. The thesis draws on extensive research conducted in local and national government archives in Britain and Germany, as well as a wide range of secondary literature on the war and inter-war period. It argues that the blackout was a profound expansion of the state into the lives of each nation’s citizens, and though it was set within two politically very different states, it brought with it similar practical and social problems. The blackout, as the most ‘social’ form of civil defence, is an ideal aspect of the war by which to compare the British and German home fronts. Ultimately, the differences between the two countries were less important than the shared sense of obligation that the blackout principle was intended to foster within the wartime community.
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Clemence, Paul Christopher. "German underground factories of the Second World War: an essential folly." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493643.
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This thesis examines the topic of the underground factories that Germany constructed during the Second World War. These factories were primarily built as a response to the Allied bombing campaign that was increasing in intensity from 1943 onwards and the entire programme stretched across much of Europe. Encompassing at least nine occupied countries, as well as Germany itself, the programme was composed of hundreds of factories ranging from gigantic tunnel-systems and structures to small scale facilities in basements and cellars. It is the intention of this dissertation to provide an in-depth overview of the complete underground programme, something that has not previously been done at an academic level.
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Richardson, M. Ravenel. "Trauma and representation in women's diaries of the Second World War." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3347.
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As a transnational contribution to the study of life-writing and to the understanding of women's war experiences, ‘Trauma and Representation in Women's Diaries of the Second World War' examines women's war diaries from the point of view of trauma studies. It provides new readings of established texts, such as Frances Partridge's A Pacifist's War and Etty Hillesum's An Interrupted Life, alongside previously unexamined archival diaries and several recently published diaries that have received little critical attention to date. Through close reading, it analyses how traumatic registers, ranging from mild to severe, manifest in both the genesis and subject matter of women's diaries. The Introduction discusses the post-war cultural imperatives that have worked to repress women's accounts of the Second World War, particularly those which describe devastation in the domestic sphere. It situates diary writing contextually within the field of autobiographical writing, exploring the characteristics of this contested genre and questioning the possibilities it opens up for the conveyance of traumatic experience. Finally, it provides a brief historiography of trauma studies, focusing on the complicated relationship between trauma and modern warfare and the difficulties traumatic experience poses for testimony. In the ensuing chapters, my analyses demonstrate the various ways war trauma manifests in women's diaries. Chapter One examines the physiological and psychological costs of repeated exposure to violent situations such as bomb raids and rape through a combination of psychoanalytic and neurobiological discourses on trauma. Chapter Two discusses diaries that were kept at a relative distance from violent conflict, exploring women's affective responses to the changes in their lives that occurred during wartime through theories of depression and melancholia. Finally, Chapter Three constitutes a final analysis of the relationship between trauma and representation, analysing women's descriptions of both the physical and societal abjection that proliferated towards the end of the war.
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Meissner, Carlos Albrecht. "A resilient elite : German Costa Ricans and the second world war." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535024.
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Korn, Madeleine. "Collecting modern foreign art in Britain before the Second World War." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365092.
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Jolly, Margaretta. "Everyday letters and literary form : correspondence from the Second World War." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360528.
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Scheller, Jason Patrick. "The national pastime enlists : how baseball fought the Second World War /." See restrictions on access, 2002. http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/library/abner/apponly.htm.
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Dale, Caroline. "The Daily Express, family & the Second World War, 1939-1945." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/abc7da9a-0bc9-4cbd-a4ad-43a7dc2fb14e.
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Robinson, Emma Louise. "Liberty compromised? : George Orwell, English Law and the Second World War." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7329/.
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This thesis considers George Orwell’s response to the emergency legislation of the Second World War. Considering legal and historical sources alongside his biography and corpus it reassesses the impact of Orwell’s works in the context of his patriotism, Englishness and views on the law. This thesis argues that Orwell’s experiences in Burma and Spain established his expectations – as an Englishman – for the law during a crisis. It juxtaposes Orwell’s pre-war anxiety regarding potentially ‘fascising measures’ to his relative silence when emergency powers were introduced in England, suggesting Orwell tacitly endorsed controversial measures, including internment, in the unique context of the early war. The thesis considers wartime compromises Orwell felt were necessary, noting his complicity in curtailing freedom of speech at the BBC, before his critical voice re-emerged regarding the normalisation of emergency powers. New readings of 'Animal Farm' and 'Nineteen Eighty-Four' highlight both their resonance with the English wartime regime and the dangers implicit in emergency legal systems, drawing out Orwell’s concern that eroding English values and legal traditions removed a bulwark against totalitarianism. Given his changing positions concerning individual freedoms this thesis consequently argues for a more nuanced appraisal of Orwell’s reputation as an unwavering defender of civil liberties.
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Athanassiou, Ersi. "De-industrialisation and industrial policies in Greece, post Second World War." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620359.
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Davies, William. "Samuel Beckett and the Second World War : historicising Beckett's post-humanism." Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/80000/.
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This thesis examines the impacts and traces of the Second World War in the work of Samuel Beckett. The thesis uses a conceptual framework that identifies Beckett’s historical sensibilities within his literary and philosophical engagements with the traditions of humanism and shows how these manifests in the various responses to history that his work produces. Using archival and historical sources, the thesis shows how Beckett’s intellectual attitudes to history and its relationship with art and writing develop across the wartime and post-war period in conjunction with his work’s mounting engagement with the presumptions and promises of modern humanism. By reading Beckett’s writing in the context of his encounters with the politics of the Irish Free State, Nazi Germany, Vichy France and post-Liberation Paris, this thesis both grounds Beckett’s work in its historical moment and shows how his writing incorporates, critiques, mocks and resists many of the dominant historical and political narratives of the period. The project offers new ways to consider Beckett’s use of history within his writing and shows that his treatment of history and his historical contexts frequently inform the most important elements of his literary achievements.
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Brodie, Thomas O. "For Christ and Germany : German Catholicism and the Second World War." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d66efa0-28df-4b9c-a74c-a79b434bbc7a.
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This dissertation examines the roles played by Catholicism on the German Home Front during the Second World War. It analyses to what extent German Catholics supported their nation’s war effort, and how they sought to reconcile their religious convictions with Nazism and its conduct of the conflict. The thesis examines the oscillations of morale within the Catholic ‘milieu’ during the war years, and analyses its responses to German defeats from 1943 onwards. In addition to these overtly political themes, this dissertation analyses the social history of religion during this period. In order to focus its analysis on a manageable scale, this thesis focuses on the experiences and activities of Catholics from the Rhineland and Westphalia. Its concluding chapter uses its findings concerning Catholicism during the war years to revise current understandings of the formation of a conservative ‘restoration’ in West Germany after May 1945. Many existing works concerning German Catholicism during this period provide a monolithic portrayal of the confession’s internal coherence, and domination of its adherents’ political beliefs. This thesis, by contrast, argues that profound divides existed amongst German Catholics during the Second World War. Younger clergymen were frequently more sympathetic to völkisch nationalism than their older colleagues, and desired a more pro-Nazi stance from the German episcopate. The Catholic laity, moreover, was similarly often frustrated by the conservatism of episcopal Neo-Scholastic theology, and wanted sermons and pastoral letters that would endorse the German war effort in more unambiguous terms. The war years witnessed a complex negotiation of religious, political and national loyalties amongst Catholic communities, ensuring the thesis provides a nuanced picture of the confession’s place in German society during this period.
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Pateman, Michael Gareth. "Towards the new Jerusalem : Manchester politics during the Second World War." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2000. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/4874/.
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Coulter, David George. "The Church of Scotland army chaplains in the Second World War." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15759.
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This thesis is the first study of Church of Scotland chaplains serving with the Army during the Second World War. It explores the way in which the Church of Scotland accepted the challenge of the Second World War and how the Presbyterian chaplains were recruited, trained and how they performed their ministerial duties under wartime conditions. The thesis opens with an examination of the Church of Scotland during the inter-war years, with particular attention to the background of those ministers who were ordained in the 1930s and who were later recruited as Army Chaplains from 1939-45. The discussion highlights pacifism, anti-Semitism, and the Scottish response on the German Church struggle. The thesis then considers from a Scottish perspective the history of the Royal Army Chaplains' Department and the involvement of the Church of Scotland Chaplains' Committee in looking after the interests of Presbyterian chaplains and Scottish soldiers at home and overseas. The thesis considers the factors which led ministers to enlist as chaplains, and assesses the training which they received. It shows how Scottish chaplains integrated with both officers and men and the contribution they made to the moral and spiritual life of many units. Inevitably a number of chaplains were captured in the course of their duty and taken as prisoners of war. This thesis includes a chapter on ministry in the POW camps. The thesis includes two case studies on the wartime experiences of the Very Rev Prof. T.F. Torrance and the Very Rev Dr. R. Selby Wright. Torrance was enlisted into the Church of Scotland Huts and Canteens organisation and saw active service in Italy. Selby Wright meanwhile enlisted as a TA chaplain in 1939 but was later seconded to the BBC as the "Radio Padre". Finally, this thesis concludes with a chapter in which the chaplains are allowed to reflect on their wartime experience and an assessment is made of the overall work and worth of this particular wartime ministry.