Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Herpèsvirus humain 6'
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Gilbert-Girard, Shella. "Étude de l'intégration chromosomique de l'herpèsvirus humain de type 6 et impact de son infection sur la reconnaissance des dommages aux télomères." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27414.
Full textHuman herpesviruse 6B (HHV-6B) is a very prevalent virus that infect nearly 100% of humans and establish a life-long latency. Much less is known regarding HHV-6A epidemiology. Both viruses can integrate their genome into the telomeres of human chromosomes. When this integration occurs in a germinal cell, it can lead to an individual carrying one copy of the viral genome in every cell of its body. This condition, called inherited chromosomally-integrated HHV-6 (iciHHV-6), will then be transmitted to 50% of offspring and is found in approximately 1% of individuals across the world. Despite being so frequent, much remains to be studied on HHV-6 infection and integration processes. In this work, we studied the effects of viral infection on DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. We observed a DDR located in viral replication compartments (RC), together with a large amount of telomeric sequences that we confirmed to be of viral origin. In addition, mRNAs coding for TRF1, TRF2 and TPP1, members of the shelterin complex protecting telomeres, were upregulated during infection. Consequently, TRF2 protein was overexpressed and relocated to viral telomeric sequences in RC. Lastly, we’ve examined the effects of BRACO-19, a compound that affects telomerase activity, on HHV-6 integration and persistence. Using an integration assay recently developed in our laboratory, we could demonstrate that in the presence of the telomerase inhibitor, the frequency of cells containing integrated HHV-6 was significantly reduced. This work brings new knowledge regarding HHV-6 infection and its potential integration mechanism, as well as the first observation of a possible participation of the shelterin complex proteins during HHV-6 infection.
Al, Jawhari Mustafa. "Intégration génomique de l’herpèsvirus humain de type 6 (HHV-6) : étude des modifications chromosomiques associées et de l’éventuelle réactivation en présence de drogues." Limoges, 2014. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f6317566-3244-4bf2-84eb-b2e52647ba8a/blobholder:0/2014LIMO330B.pdf.
Full textHuman herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) is a ubiquitous virus that exists as 2 types A and B. This virus is able to integrate in human chromosome telomeres, with globally 1% of prevalence; the impact of this integration is not yet known. HHV-6 reactivation was associated to the Drug hypersensitivity syndrome or DRESS. We show that detection and monitoring of human herpesvirus reactivation in DRESS patients are possible via quantitative PCR technic applied on saliva. The interpretation of results can be different according to the type of analyzed virus. With the purpose of knowing if the HHV-6 can be reactivated from an integrated virus and so be the cause of DRESS symptoms, a B cell line, established from a patient who has the CIHHV-6, was treated by four molecules incriminated in the DRESS. Two HHV-6 transcripts were detected randomly and independently of treatment. The protein p41 was not detected, which shows that these molecules do not cause any reactivation since the integrated virus and do not use this mechanism to cause the DRESS. The study of a wide cohort of 414 patients with hematological and nephrological diseases revealed a prevalence of 2% of CIHHV-6 (5/249 hematology; 0/165 nephrology). 3 patients had the integration into the chromosome 17. The site of integration using a double labeling viral probe/subtelomeric probe was found to be more precisely in subtelomeric region, regardless of the chromosome in question. The effect of the integration of HHV-6 on the cell was studied by FISH technics. We have detected repeatedly a loss in the subtelomeric region and a telomeres amplification in chromosome which carrying the CIHHV-6. A telomeric dysfunction and chromosomal instability have been demonstrated. We reported that two of our lines carrying the CIHHV-6 likely use the two known ways to maintain telomeres: the telomerase expression and a profile of ALT
Boutolleau, David. "Profils d'infection et pouvoir pathogène des sixième et septième herpèsvirus humains (HHV-6 et HHV-7) in vivo." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077129.
Full textTomoiu, Andru. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de la protéine précoce-immédiate 2 de l'herpèsvirus humain 6." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24149/24149.pdf.
Full textHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is an opportunistic pathogen whose infection or reactivation are associated with diseases such as roseola, central nervous system disorders and organ transplant anomalies. Sequencing of the viral genome has exposed the existence of two HHV-6 variants (A and B), with diverging sequences in specific regions, and different biological characteristics. Our work focused on the characterization of HHV-6A immediate-early IE2 protein. Its prompt expression following infection and its transactivating ability suggest that IE2 constitutes a key protein for the establishment of a productive infection, owing to its control over the viral gene expression cascade. Moreover, the IE2 coding transcript is located in the most variable region between HHV-6A and -6B, suggesting that the biology of this protein could help explain the clinical differences between the two viral variants. In order to identify cellular proteins recruited by IE2 during the establishment of infection, we have screened a T-cell library for interaction partners. We have isolated Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 9 (Ubc9), a protein involved in the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) conjugation pathway. This interaction has a functional relevance for IE2, with Ubc9 significantly repressing promoter activation by the viral protein. Protein domains essential for IE2 function had never been characterized. We have determined that the N- and C-terminal domains are both required for optimal transactivation, and that the deletion of the C-terminal tail of IE2 significantly alters transactivation and the intranuclear localization of the protein. Moreover, we have determined that the R3 domain of the immediate-early HHV-6A promoter represents an IE2 responsive element. Overall, this work provides a more precise image of the role of IE2 during the initiation of HHV-6 infection and a better comprehension of the biology of this complex virus.
Nguyen, Thi Van Ha. "Développement de nouveaux moyens d'investigation de la multiplication de l'HHV6 et évaluation pour le suivi des infections après allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT18VS.
Full textHuman Herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is responsible for persistent infections, with latency stages and reactivations episodes. Active infection may be associated with serious diseases in immunosuppressed patients, particularly in the months following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). DNA viral load is commonly used to measure viral replication in vitro in infected target cells or in vivo in peripheral blood of infected patients. The detection of viral mRNA may help to complete active multiplication measurement. The objective of our work was to develop real time RT-PCR to quantify two HHV6 transcripts: U90 mRNA, produced at the early step of viral cycle, and U100, transcribed at the late step. The good results of the methods were assessed by intra-assay, inter-assay variability and lower detection limit tests measured on infected cells and DNA and RNA standards. Kinetics of MT4 cell infections by the HHV6-B strain HST showed a good correlation between DNA viral load and quantification of U90 and U100 mRNA. The U100 transcript was always expressed at higher level than U90. Our observations were further confirmed in vivo in samples obtained in the first 6 months following allograft of 34 HSC transplanted patients. The quantification of U90 and U100 mRNA is thus an effective way to investigate viral transcription both in vitro and in vivo
Pradeau, Karine. "Réactivation de l'herpèsvirus humain de type 6 (HHV-6) : outils de détection et mécanismes moléculaires." Limoges, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIMO0027.
Full textHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a widespread virus that remains for life in a latent state after primary infection. But HHV-6 may reactivate, producing many infectious particles. This reactivation seems harmless in healthy subject, but can be very serious in various contexts of immunosuppression, such as organ transplant recipients. Actually, the mechanisms allowing the maintenance of latency or contrary those involving the reactivation are unknown. The objective of this work was double. In the fist time, molecular methods to detect HHV-6 multiplication were developed: a real time quantitative PCR method and a RT-PCR assay allowing the detection of viral mRNAs associated with HHV-6 replication were carried out. In order to test these detection techniques in a context of reactivation, they were applied to blood samples from transplanted patients. The two methods were proved to be effective to highlight the reactivation of HHV-6. Then in the second time, the effect of NF-κB transcription factor on immediate early genes transcription of HHV-6 was investigated. For this purpose, a NF-κB super-repressor (IκBαMut) was transfected in cells permissive to HHV-6 growth. By inhibiting the canonical pathway of NF-κB induction, a reduction in the replication of the virus, demonstrated by a decrease in viral mRNA transcription using a quantitative RT-PCR method and by a reduction in the number of infected cells using an immunofluorescence assay, was observed. Thus an important role for NF-κB transcription factor in the multiplication of virus HHV-6 was shown
Trempe, Frédéric. "Étude du rôle de la protéine U94 de l'herpèsvirus humain de type 6 dans le processus de l'intégration chromosomique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29539/29539.pdf.
Full textHuman herpesvirus 6 infects young children with an estimated prevalence of 95% in the world population. It differs from the other members of the herperviridae family by its capacity to integrate cell's chromosomes. It is estimated that approximately 1% of the world population carries a copy of the HHV-6 genome per cell (52, 73, 100, 119, 131). The chromosomal integration mechanisms used by HHV-6 are currently unknown. Our hypothesis is that the HHV-6 U94 protein plays an important role in chromosomal integration that we suspect occur through homologous recombination between cellular and viral telomeric sequences (TTAGGG). The U94 gene product shares 24% sequence homology with Rep68, a responsible for the genomic integration of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV-2) (123). To promote integration, Rep68 relies on four intrinsic activities: binding to single and double stranded DNA, ATPase activity, helicase and endonuclease (54, 97). The goal of this research project is to characterize the biochemical properties of U94 and determine whether it posseses activities similar to Rep68. First, we confirmed the results of Dr. Mori's laboratory by showing that U94 is localized in the nucleus (87). Next, to conduct our studies, we’ve expressed and purified maltose-binding-U94 recombinant proteins (MBP-U94) in E. coli. Our results suggest that MBP-U94A and MBP-U94B preferentially bind single-strandred DNA containing the CCCTAA motif (complement to the TTAGGG telomeric motif). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments also indicate that MBP-U94B binds double-stranded DNA containing telomeric motifs. Since the telomerease RNA component TERC contains the CCCTAA motif, we investigated whether MBP-U94 could bind a single-stranded RNA molecule containing the CCCTAA motif. SPR analysis clearly indicates that MBP-U94 does not bind such RNA nor a single-stranded DNA molecule having a single CCCTAA motif, suggesting that more than one motif is required for proper binding. Based on published work on Rep68 (128, 129), we generated specific U94 mutants. Our results indicate that the K395A mutation greatly diminishes U94 binding to DNA pointing out the importance of this residue. ATPase assays were also performed and indicate that both MBP-U94A and MBP-U94B possess the ability to hydrolyze ATP into ADP and AMP when incubated in the presence of DNA. Several other mutants targeting the helicase and endonuclease activities were generated and will be tested in the near future. Altogether these results suggest that U94 has biological properties that are consistent with a role for this protein in the process of chromosomal integration of the HHV-6 genome into the host chromosomes.
Illiaquer, Marina. "Interactions entre l'Herpesvirus humain de type 6 (HHV-6) et les cellules effectrices de l'immunité." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=cdfc8b90-47ec-466e-a7df-8cdf883cb3d2.
Full textViral infections are well-known complications after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and are responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients. To better define the impact of UCB as stem cell source we conducted a prospective study comparing the frequencies of HHV6 and four other opportunistic viruses during the first six months post-graft as well as the kinetic of immune reconstitution in adults receiving either UCB allo-SCT or unrelated PBSC allo-SCT. We prospectively confirm a specific relationship between HHV6 and UCB allo-SCT and between EBV and PBSC allo-SCT. The data of the immune reconstitution showed significant differences between the both groups and particularly for the B lymphocytes and monocytes subsets which reconstituted faster and with higher count in the UCB group that however. A second study comparing the same parameters in long-term UCB survivors, shows long-lasting HHV-6 reactivation and highlight differences in the kinetic of immune reconstitution, according to the type of graft. However, our results don't explain the link between HHV-6 and UCB, which so far remains to be elucidated. Finally, to evaluate the impact of HHV-6 infection on cells professionally involved in antiviral defense of the organism, the plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), we performed in vitro experiments consisting on HHV-6 infection of human peripheral pDCs. The HHV-6 induce secretion of type I interferons by pDCs without influencing significantly the expression of the co-stimulation molecules or the class I and II HLA molecules
Iampietro, Mathieu. "Rôles des protéines U54 et précoce immédiate 1 dans l'évasion immunitaire et l'immunothéraphie de l'herpèsvirus humain 6B." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30723/30723.pdf.
Full textCollot-Teixeira, Sophie. "Implication de l'herpèsvirus humain de type 6 (HHV-6) dans la lymphomogenèse du lymphome de Hodgkin : Rôle de l'oncogène viral DR7." Limoges, 2003. http://www.unilim.fr/theses-doctorat/2003LIMO0017/html/index-frames.html.
Full textHHV-6 is a DNA virus for which 2 types are known A and B. The aim of this work was to determine the implication of HHV-6B in the HL development. First, we detected viral DNA sequences in biopsies of 35. 1% of HL patients with 91. 7% of B type and a viral load range from 100 to 864,640 viral copies/mg of DNA. Secondly, we described a high conservation of the DR7 viral oncogene in these infected patients. We also described an interaction between DR7B and p53 proteins. Finally, we focused on NFkB constitutive activation associated with HL. We demonstrated that HHV-6B was able to increase p50 and p65 NFkB subunits transcriptions and to induce NFkB complex transactivation by at the action of at least two viral proteins : DR7 and U3. In this study, we described a probable HHV-6B implication in the HL development by at least two strategies : (1) p53 inhibition and (2) NFkB transactivation, which are both likely to induce cell cycle deregulation and then cell proliferation without any controls
Chevallier, Patrice. "Infection par l'herpesvirus humain de type 6 (HHV-6) après allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques : influence de la nature du greffon sur la réactivation virale." Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=76376e2b-15e7-4bfd-a3f2-cd60005a1fde.
Full textCord blood (CB) is increasingly used as an alternative source of graft in adults with hematologic malignancies, predisposing patients to a theoretical increased risk of infections. In a retrospective study, we compared the incidence of CMV, EBV and HHV-6 viral infections after allogeneic transplantation using stem cells issued from either unrelated donor or cord blood (CB). A very significant increase in the frequency and intensity of HHV6 infections was observed in patients receiving CB grafts. To explain this phenomenon, we then determined the cellular composition and the CD46 (ubiquitous HHV-6 membrane cell receptor) expression in several types of blood and graft sources. These data, obtained by multi-parametric flow cytometry analyses, showed a very significant deficiency in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs, cells professionally involved in antiviral defense of the organism through production of type 1 interferon) and lower CD46 cells expression in CB grafts. Finally, to clarify the possible effects of the virus on cell functions, we performed preliminary in vitro experiments consisting on HHV-6 infection of sorted human peripheral pDCs issued from healthy donors. These early data showed a modulation of CD80 and CD86 expressions on pDCs associated with a significant stimulation of type 1 IFN-alpha secretion by these cells. So far, the significant influence of cord blood graft source on HHV-6 reactivation after allogeneic transplantation remains to be elucidated
Mardivirin, Laurent. "Rôle de l’herpèsvirus humain de type 6 dans le syndrome d’hypersensibilité médicamenteuse et le lymphome de Hodgkin." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/07d499e8-559b-42cc-a636-19c95c60edeb/blobholder:0/2010LIMO330C.pdf.
Full textHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a lymphotropic virus which exists as two variants named A and B. B variant is associated with drug hypersensitivity syndrome or DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms), and is studied for its implication in Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). DRESS is a rare, drug-induced reaction, characterized by high fever, eosinophilia, cutaneous eruption and potential visceral involvement. HHV-6 replication in vitro was quantified in presence of drugs responsible for DRESS. A stimulation of viral replication by sodium valproate, carbamazepine and amoxicillin was shown, suggesting that HHV-6 reactivation is an early event in the time course of DRESS. Moreover, virological data from DRESS patients allow us to observe that HHV-6 reactivation is a frequent event in DRESS. The role of HHV-6 in HL was studied through viral oncoprotein DR7 action on cellular functions. B cells overexpressing DR7 exhibited deregulations similar to those reported for Reed-Sternberg cells, which are characteristic cells of HL. Increased proliferation and cell death resistance, and modulation of specific markers were observed. This work showed that HHV-6 reactivation is an early and causative event in DRESS, and results concerning DR7 argue in favour of a pathogenic role of HHV-6 in HL
Jaworska, Joanna. "Role for the immediate-early 1 protein of human herpesvirus 6 in innate immune evasion." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26876/26876.pdf.
Full textLacroix, Aurélie. "Etude de la localisation de l’herpèsvirus humain de type 6 (HHV-6) dans les tissus hodgkiniens : recherche de l’expression de l’oncogène viral DR7 et de ses conséquences pour la cellule." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/45243d16-ed38-4721-8146-f2c5dd68586b/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4001.pdf.
Full textThere are two variants, A and B, of human lymphotropic herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6). The B variant is associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). However this association is contreversial in the literature because it only exists in rare cases and not in Reed-Sternberg cells (RS), the characteristic cells of HL. In the first part of our study quantitative PCR demonstrated the existence of HHV-6 alone or concommitantly with Epstein-Barr virus, known to be associated with HL, in a cohort of HL patients. We then used an anti-HHV-6 DR7B antibody produced in our laboratory to determine the cellular localization of HHV-6 and to detect its presence in large quantities in RS cells from 73. 7% of HL patients positive only for HHV-6. Furthermore, double labeling studies in patients from the cohort positive for both herpesviruses demonstrated the colocalization, notably in RS cells, of DR7B from HHV-6 and LMP1 from EBV oncoproteins, indicating a probable viral interaction. Finally, a stable transfection system was realised to adjust DR7B expression in mature B cells which are close to RS cells. In the presence of DR7B, a transcriptionnal and translational expression of Id2, an inhibitor of E2A wich is a transcription factor implicated in phenotypical reprogramming of RS cells, similar to RS cells in HL, was observed
Reynaud, Joséphine. "Développement d'un modèle murin transgénique d'infection par l'herpèsvirus 6A et étude des mécanismes d'induction de la neuroinflammation." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998378.
Full textDufrenne, Marc. "Intérêt de la PCR dans le diagnostic des infections à HHV6 : exemples d'applications cliniques." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P063.
Full textLa, Bella Tiziana. "Adeno-associated virus in the liver : natural history of the infection and consequences in tumor development." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC263.
Full textAdeno-associated virus (AAV) is a defective mono-stranded DNA virus, endemic in human population. AAV infection has long been considered as non-pathogenic, however few years ago we reported for the first time recurrent clonal AAV2 insertion in the pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed on normal liver. These clonal viral insertions target cancer driver genes leading to their overexpression. To date, little is known about wild type AAV infection in human liver. In this work we investigated the natural history of the viral infection in the liver tissues and the consequences in tumor development in a large cohort of patients (n=1464). The presence of AAV was observed in 21% of patients, more frequently in the non-tumor counterpart (18%) than in tumor (8%) and significantly enriched in young, female and non-cirrhotic patients. Two AAV subtypes were identified in the liver, the classical AAV2 and a hybrid AAV2-AAV3-AAV13 genotypes, with an equal frequency in our cohort. We detected the presence of episomal AAV forms in 27% of AAV positive non-tumor tissues significantly associated with viral RNA expression and co-infection with helper viruses suggesting an ongoing active infection. We identified human herpes virus type 6 (HHV6) as the natural AAV helper virus in the liver. In contrast, adenovirus DNA was detected in only 0.5% of patients and no association with AAV was found. We confirmed the positive selection of clonal AAV insertions during HCC development in patients without cirrhosis in 2% of tumors targeting CCNA2, CCNE1, TERT, TNFSF10, KMT2B and INHBE/GLI1. Moreover, the alterations in CCNA2 and CCNE1 due to viral insertions of AAV and HBV or structural rearrangements defined a new subclass of HCCs (CCN-HCC) and a novel mechanism of HCC development on normal liver improving our knowledge on hepatocarcinogenesis on non-cirrhotic liver. CCN-HCCs display also peculiar molecular features that could be targeted by specific treatment
Bonnafous, Pascale. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires de la résistance du sixième herpèsvirus (HHV-6) aux antiviraux." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066398.
Full textDiop, Ndeye Soukeyna. "Association entre l'utilisation de la prophylaxie antivirale et la virémie du cytomégalovirus et du virus Epstein-Barr chez les receveurs pédiatriques d'une greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques allogéniques." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25216.
Full textViral infections, especially those involving members of the Herpesviridae during the period of aplasia and lymphopenia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), cause very serious complications, often associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current clinical guidelines recommend prophylactic use of antivirals, which has proven to be effective against certain viruses. The efficacy of famciclovir and acyclovir against herpes simplex viruses (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) is well-recognized, however, we lack data on their effects against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the pediatric population. The main objective of this master's project was to measure the incidence of herpes virus infection, specifically by HSV, VZV, EBV, CMV and HHV-6, and to measure the association between the use of antiviral prophylaxis (acyclovir and famciclovir) and infection (including both asymptomatic viremia and disease) by CMV and EBV in a pediatric cohort of allogeneic HSCT. We used data from the TREASuRE cohort, which includes patients enrolled for a first allogeneic HSCT in four pediatric centers in Canada between July 2013 and March 2017. Recruitment was carried out at: CHU Sainte-Justine (Montreal) (n = 86), British Columbia Children's Hospital (Vancouver) (n = 31), Winnipeg Children's Hospital and CancerCare Manitoba (n = 28) and Alberta Children's Hospital (n = 11). Patient follow-up began 1 month before transplant and lasted 13 months. Median patient age at recruitment was 6.3 years. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate the cumulative incidence of CMV and EBV infections with 95% confidence interval (CI) at 100 days post-transplant according to antiviral prophylaxis (acyclovir or famciclovir). Multivariate proportional hazards Cox regression models were used to measure the association between antiviral use (acyclovir or famciclovir) and the detection of these infections. The study included 156 subjects aged 0 to 21 years. The cumulative incidences of viremia due to HSV, VZV, EBV, CMV and HHV-6 at day 100 of follow-up were respectively 2.5% (CI 95%: 0.8–7.6), 0.8% (CI 95%: 0.1-6.1), 34.5% (CI 95%: 27.6-42.6), 19.9% (CI 95%: 14.5-27.1) and 3.4% (95% CI: 1.2-9.1). The cumulative incidences for CMV and EBV did not show a statistically significant difference between the groups who received antiviral prophylaxis (acyclovir or famciclovir) and those who did not. Cox analyses showed no significant effect of antivirals on CMV with an adjusted HR of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.24–1.26) for acyclovir and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.30–2.29) for famciclovir. The same was true for EBV with an adjusted HR of 1.41 (95% CI: 0.63–3.14) for acyclovir and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.36–1.72) for famciclovir. Our study showed no evidence of an effect with use of famciclovir or acyclovir prophylaxis on EBV and CMV infections. Very few cases of HSV and VZV infections were diagnosed in this cohort, which is consistent with the idea that acyclovir and famciclovir are effective against the latter viruses.