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Academic literature on the topic 'Heterocyclic chemistry ; Heterocyclic compounds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Heterocyclic chemistry ; Heterocyclic compounds"

1

Luna, Isadora Silva, Rayssa Marques Duarte da Cruz, Ryldene Marques Duarte da Cruz, Rodrigo Santos Aquino de Araújo, and Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça-Junior. "1,4-Dithiane-2,5-diol: A Versatile Synthon for the Synthesis of Sulfur-containing Heterocycles." Current Organic Synthesis 15, no. 8 (December 17, 2018): 1026–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179415666180821154551.

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Background: 1,4-Dithiane-2,5-diol (1,4-DTD) is the stable dimer of α-mercapto acetaldehyde. This commercially available ambidentade compound is characterized as having in its chemical structure one group that acts as an electrophile and another that acts as a nucleophile, this permits its use as versatile and efficient synthon in synthetic heterocycle procedures. Objective: The aim of this review is to present synthetic applications of 1,4-DTD in heterocyclic chemistry and their applicability to the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Conclusion: Gewald reactions to obtain C-4 and C-5 unsubstituted 2-amino-thiophene derivatives; sulfa- Michael/Henry and sulfa-Michael/aldol sequences to obtain polysubstituted tetrahydrothiophenes, and other heterocyclic reactions that allow synthesizing several functionalized sulfur-containing heterocycles such as thiazolidines, oxathiazinoles and thiazoles are presented and discussed. The use of such heterocyclics in subsequent reactions allows obtaining various bioactive compounds including the antiretroviral lamivudine which is one of the examples presented in this review.

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Yadav, Shailendra, Sushma Singh, and Chitrasen Gupta. "A CONCISE OVERVIEW ON HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS EXHIBITING PESTICIDAL ACTIVITIES." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 08 (August 31, 2021): 989–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13352.

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Heterocyclic compounds are numerous and diverse group of organic compounds. Heterocycles are abundantly found in nature and express various physiological properties. Heterocycles are intricately linked to all aspects of life. There are many heterocyclic compounds currently known, and the number is constantly rising owing to extensive synthetic development and their applications. Heterocyclic compounds are used significantly in a number of areas, including biochemistry and medicinal chemistry, and some others. They are predominantly synthesized in agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries due to their potential biological activities. This review article focuses on recently synthesized heterocyclic compounds and their different pesticidal activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, nematocidal, insecticidal, acaricidal, and herbicidal.

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Adak, Laksmikanta, and Tubai Ghosh. "Recent Progress in Iron-Catalyzed Reactions Towards the Synthesis of Bioactive Five- and Six-Membered Heterocycles." Current Organic Chemistry 24, no. 22 (December 18, 2020): 2634–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824999200714102103.

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Heterocyclic compounds are the largely diverse organic molecules and find prevalent applications in the fine chemical industry, medicinal chemistry and agricultural science. They are also among the most commonly bearing frameworks in numerous drugs and pharmaceutical substances. Therefore, the development of convenient, efficient and environmentally benign methods to produce various types of heterocyclic compounds is an attractive area of research. For the synthesis and functionalization of heterocycles, enormous achievements have been attributed over the past decades. Recently, ironcatalyzed reactions have accomplished a noteworthy development in the synthesis of heterocycles. This review highlights some remarkable achievements in the iron-catalyzed synthesis of heterocyclic compounds published in the last five years.

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Shaikh, Ansar R., Mazahar Farooqui, R. H. Satpute, and Syed Abed. "Overview on Nitrogen containing compounds and their assessment based on ‘International Regulatory Standards’." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6-s (December 21, 2018): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2156.

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Heterocyclic compounds have a role in most fields of sciences such as medicinal chemistry, biochemistry also another area of sciences. More than 90% of new drugscontain heterocycles and the interface between chemistry and biology, at which so much new scientific insight, discovery and application is taking place is crossed by heterocyclic compounds. Compounds derived from heterocyclic rings in pharmacy, medicine, agriculture, plastic, polymer and other fields.Most active heterocycles that have shown considerable biological actions as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antiallergic, herbicidal, anticancer activity. There is always a strong need for new and efficient processes in synthesizing of new Heterocycles.Alum have been used as a novel catalyst in the synthesis of Schiff’s bases. Synthesized Schiff’s bases are free from use of ICH class 1 and Class 2 solvents and also free from structural alerts genotoxic impurities. This review highlights on various aspects of heterocyclic compounds with its biological activity & regulatory assessment based on the ‘International Regulatory Standards’. Keywords: Heterocycles. Nitrogen containing compounds Biological activity, History, Regulatory assessment, International Regulatory Standards

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Sharma, Praveen Kumar, Andleeb Amin, and M. Kumar. "Synthetic Methods of Medicinally Important Heterocycles-thiazines: A Review." Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal 14, no. 1 (September 14, 2020): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874104502014010071.

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Heterocyclic compounds containing N and S atoms have unique properties so that they can be used as potential reactive materials in pharmacokinetic systems. In medicinal chemistry, the therapeutic applications of nitrogen sulphur heterocycles are well known. Especially, Thiazines attract the attention of chemists due to their great bioactive behavior. The present study is a review of the work carried out by the research community for the synthesis of novel, effective, medicinally important heterocyclic compounds-thiazines.

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Monier, Mohamed, Doaa Abdel-Latif, Ahmed El-Mekabaty, Başak D. Mert, and Khaled M. Elattar. "Advances in the Chemistry of 6-6 Bicyclic Systems: Chemistry of Pyrido[3,4- d]pyrimidines." Current Organic Synthesis 16, no. 6 (November 26, 2019): 812–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179416666190704113647.

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The aim of this work is to discuss the chemistry of pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines as one of the most important heterocyclic compounds with remarkable synthetic, biological and medical applications. In this overview, the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds incorporated the pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold as demonstrated by chemical reactions and different preparation processes. The anticipated compounds were synthesized from pyridine or pyrimidine compounds and a description of the reactivity of substituents attached to ring carbon and nitrogen atoms is discussed. On the other hand, the synthesis and reactions of fused heterocycles incorporated pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold is described. The diamine analogs included pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine core were reported as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The chemical reactions of certain unexpected and chemically substantial compounds have been discussed.

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7

Sajida. Munadi. Th.AL-Suraify and Mohammed Abdul-Mounther Othman. "Synthesis and study of spectrally diagnosed heterocyclic compound." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 2613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4527.

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In general terms, medicinal chemistry manages the revelation & plan of recent remedial synthetic concoctions & its uses as meds. Throughout the most recent couple of decades, mixes bearing heterocyclic cores have gotten considerably more consideration of the scientific expert, because of their expansive chemo remedial exercises, for example, calming, anthelmintic, hostile to tubercular, against parasitic & hostile to microbial exercises. Furthermore, Heterocycles & medicines are both interred related, the human is totally dependent on drugs & most of the drugs are derived from heterocyclic compounds. Hetero cycles & their derivatives have been excited regards chemist mainly due to broad-spectrum chemical & pharmacological activities. Most of the heterocyclic compounds are naturally occurs & playing the important role of metabolism regards cells of living. There has been a bigger count of pharmacologically attracted compounds of heterocyclic, several of which have been under continues clinical utilization. This paper presented a detailed study of synthesis which is spectrally detected Heterocyclic compounds, in results described the antibacterial activity of (e)-s-4-(is nicotinamide)-5-(phenoxymethyl)-4h-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl 3-(substituted phenyl) prop-2- enethioate. (7a-7f) and antifungal activity of (e)-s-4-(isonicotinamido)-5-(phenoxymethyl)-4h-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl 3-(substituted phenyl) prop-2-enethioate. (7a-7f), antitubercular activity of against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv presented the scope of this paper.

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8

Harith M. Al-ajely. "Synthesis and pharmaceutical applications of Oxazine compounds derived from Pyronic, Salicylic, Antharanilic acids and Phenols." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 2, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 074–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.2.0250.

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It is well known from FDA reports that More than 75% of the heterocyclic compounds are drugs and 90 of heterocyclic compounds are cancer drugs. The nitrogen-based heterocycles occupy an exclusive position as a valuable source of therapeutic agents in medicinal chemistry. Most drugs approved by the FDA and currently available in the market are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties, More over heterocyclic compounds are important class of organic chemistry due to their widely spread in nature. Also there are many route for their action and many mechanistic pathways for their preparation and different metabolic actions. This comes from the easily building or removal of any functional group within the molecules. Changing just on group cause to change the metabolic pathway of the drug action and site of attack of the desired target accordingly. This great characteristic value make them much more important in drug discovery programs of many researchers and also encouraged us and drew attentions of other researchers to develop new ways for their synthesis. As a result different pharmacological and medical applications. Oxazie compounds are sub branch of heterocyclic compounds. These compounds having two hetero atoms, Oxygen and nitrogen within their structures make them much more important toward therapeutic studies. We are here in our investigation will focus on the methodologies and the therapeutic action of the titled compounds as well as other various applications.

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Slivka, Mikhailo, and Mikhailo Onysko. "The Use of Electrophilic Cyclization for the Preparation of Condensed Heterocycles." Synthesis 53, no. 19 (May 19, 2021): 3497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1706036.

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AbstractCondensed heterocycles are well-known for their excellent biological effects and they are undeniably important compounds in organic chemistry. Electrophilic cyclization reactions are widely used for the synthesis of mono-heterocyclic compounds. This review highlights the utility of electrophilic cyclization reactions as an effective generic tool for the synthesis of various condensed heterocycles containing functional groups that are able to undergo further chemical transformations, such as nucleophilic substitution, elimination, re-cyclization, cleavage, etc. This review describes the reactions of unsaturated derivatives of different heterocycles with various electrophilic agents (halogens, arylsulfanyl chlorides, mineral acids) resulting in annulation of an additional partially saturated heterocycle. The electrophilic reaction conditions, plausible mechanisms and the use of such transformations in organic synthesis are also discussed. The review mainly focuses on research published since 2002 in order to establish the current state of the art in this area. 1 Introduction2 Electrophilic Cyclization Pathways Involving a Nitrogen Nucleophilic Center3 Electrophilic Cyclization Pathways Involving a Chalcogen Nucleophilic Center3.1 Sulfur Centers3.2 Oxygen Centers3.3 Selenium Centers4 Strategies and Mechanisms5 Conclusion

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Francke, Robert. "Recent advances in the electrochemical construction of heterocycles." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (December 3, 2014): 2858–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.303.

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Due to the fact that the major portion of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals contains heterocyclic units and since the overall number of commercially used heterocyclic compounds is steadily growing, heterocyclic chemistry remains in the focus of the synthetic community. Enormous efforts have been made in the last decades in order to render the production of such compounds more selective and efficient. However, most of the conventional methods for the construction of heterocyclic cores still involve the use of strong acids or bases, the operation at elevated temperatures and/or the use of expensive catalysts and reagents. In this regard, electrosynthesis can provide a milder and more environmentally benign alternative. In fact, numerous examples for the electrochemical construction of heterocycles have been reported in recent years. These cases demonstrate that ring formation can be achieved efficiently under ambient conditions without the use of additional reagents. In order to account for the recent developments in this field, a selection of representative reactions is presented and discussed in this review.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heterocyclic chemistry ; Heterocyclic compounds"

1

Hu, Gang. "Conducting polymers from heterocyclic compounds." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240331.

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Lewis, William. "Chiral Heterocyclic Ligands." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1383.

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This thesis describes the preparation and characterisation of a number of homochiral coordination and metallosupramolecular assemblies. These species were formed from the reaction of chiral pyridine and quinoline containing ligands and metal ions. The combination of traditional coordination chemistry and supramolecular interactions led to a range of polymeric and network structures being formed. The ligands used in this thesis can be divided into two broad categories: alkaloids and ligands derived from them, and amino acid-based ligands. In the first category three new ligands were synthesized, and a variety of routes towards alkaloid-based homochiral ligands were investigated. The second category focused on three ligand motifs, and resulted in the preparation of 16 ligands. These two categories of ligands were reacted with a range of metal salts to investigate their coordination and supramolecular chemistry. The structure of twenty complexes was determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The complexes had a range of structures, with discrete and polymeric species being formed. Hydrogen bonding was an important feature in the supramolecular chemistry of the complexes, playing a different role in different series of complexes. Two chiral coordination polymers and one chiral coordination network were synthesized. All three of these structures possessed directionality to some degree: in the coordination network and one of the polymers the directionality is counterbalanced by the opposite directionality being present in the crystal, while the second coordination polymer is generated by the screw axis present and has a high degree of overall directionality.

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3

Armugam, S. "Studies on N-Heterocyclic Compounds." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/108.

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The thesis entitled "Studies on N-Hetero cyclic Compounds: (a) Reaction of 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroisoquinolines with Vilsmeier Reagent and (b) Amide Induced in situ Alkylation of 5,6-Dihydroisoquinolines" is presented in two parts. Part I involves a study of the Vilsmeier reaction of 4-cyano-1,3-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8 tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives, while Part II concerns the in situ alkylation of l-alkyl-4-cyano-3-methoxy-5,6- dihydroisoquinolines in presence of KNH2/liq.NH3.

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4

Wilson, Jennifer M. "Synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic compounds." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/45/.

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More than 11 million people worldwide are diagnosed with cancer every year. New cancer drugs are required that are more effective and selective. Nitrogen mustard alkylating agents crosslink DNA inhibiting transcription and replication. Use of the mustard pharmacophore as part of a macrocycle allows metal complexation and produces a prodrug. Hypoxic tumour cells have increased concentrations of reductase enzymes which could lead to reduction of the complex in situ and release of a cytotoxic drug. Human African Trypanosomiasis is commonly known as Sleeping Sickness and affects over 36 countries of sub-Saharan Africa. It is transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly which carries the parasitic subspecies Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Any compounds synthesised would also be tested to assess their potential as anti-parasitic agents. Parker synthesised a range of polyazamacrocycles. Testing of compound A in vitro gave highly efficient DNA crosslinking activity. Copper complexes were formed of the macrocycles and B was found to be 24 times more toxic against hypoxic cells than oxic cells thus exploiting tumour hypoxia and creating a selective drug. Jones synthesised a range of oxaazamacrocycles such as C which when tested in vitro exhibited comparable cross-linking activity to the azamacrocycles although it proved impossible to synthesise the corresponding copper complexes. It was decided to vary the leaving group on the alkylating arms to see if the DNA crosslinking results could be improved. Eight carbamates and the corresponding copper complexes were synthesised. The R-groups were alkyl and aromatic. Anti-cancer DNA crosslinking and hypoxia selectivity results were disappointing however, a number of compounds displayed significant activity when tested against T. brucei. A range of thiaazamacrocycles would complete the set of heteroatom-containing macrocycles (N, O, S) and might produce good DNA crosslinking results. It might also be possible to synthesise the corresponding copper complexes producing prodrugs. Six thiaazamacrocycles were synthesised and 2-hydroxyethyl arms were attached. However it proved impossible to isolate the desired alkylating agents with the 2-chloroethyl arms. In the body, the p53 protein activates the transcription of specific genes. In healthy cells, the levels of p53 have to be kept to a minimum to allow the normal running of the cell, e.g. growth and replication. This function is carried out by the HDM2 protein, which forms an auto-regulatory feedback loop with p53. In some tumours, the p53 function is disrupted due to genetic mutations of p53. However other tumours possess ‘wild type’ p53 – this type of p53 has lost the ability to respond to oncogenic stress due to over-expression of HDM2. Drugs that inhibit HDM2 should cause stabilisation of p53 and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. A small library of 5-deazaflavins were synthesised and biologically tested producing some interesting biological results.

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5

Crockett, Rowena. "Generation of free radicals from heterocyclic compounds." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290239.

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Tetrazolinones, thiatriazole 1-oxides and meso-ionic oxatriazoles were investigated as sources of free radicals. Mono-substituted tetrazolinones decomposed at their melting points. Nitrosation and nitration of the tetrazolinone ring was unsuccessful, although alkoxyalkylation of the ring took place in ether in the presence of nitrosomium and nitronium tetrafluoroborate. The tetrazolinone ring was photolytically unstable, and both eliminated nitrogen and cycloreverted. γ-irradiation of the naphthyl deivative caused cleavage of the nitrogen-hydrogen bond to give a radical which was identified by spin trapping and esr spectroscopy. Thiatriazolyl radicals were generated from thiatriazol-1-ium salts by reduction over sodium metal. Deuterium and nitrogen-15 labelled diphenylthiatriazolium salts were prepared in the reaction between thiatriazole 1-oxides and phosphorus pentachloride or pentabromide. This allowed an unambiguous assignment of the nitrogen and hydrogen hyperfine coupling constants in the esr spectrum of the unlabelled thiatriazolyl radical. X-ray crystallographic analysis was carried out on single crystals of 2,4-diphenyl-2,5-dihydro-1,2,3,5-thiatriazol 1-oxide and 2,4-diphenyl-2H-1,2,3,5-thiatriazol-1-ium bromide. Meso-ionic oxatriazolones were relatively stable to thermolysis, whereas oxatriazolimines decomposed at their melting points. The oxatriazolones decomposed on photolysis via two mechanistic pathways, while the oxatriazol-imines were resistant to photolysis. Radicals were generated by γ-irradiation and oxidation via decomposition of the heterocyclic ring. Electrochemical reduction of nitrophenyl derivatives allowed an investigation of radicals in which the heterocyclic ring was remote from the radical centre. Photochemical reaction between the nitrophenyl derivatives of the oxatriazole and tetrahydrofuran produced oxy-nitroxide radicals which were realatively long-lived and in which the heterocyclic ring was intact. The rates of hydrolysis and crystal structures of three diacetylazolinones, including diacetyltetrazolinone were investigated with the aim of determining whether a correlation existed between bond lengths and reactivity. The relative rates of hydrolysis were found to be independent of the bond lengths. However a correlation was found between the rates of hydrolysis and the acidity of the unsubstituted azolinones.

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6

Orton, Edward. "Synthesis and chemistry of 4,5-dimethylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and related compounds /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8620.

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7

Speirs, Richard Allan. "New reagents and syntheses in heterocyclic organoselenium chemistry." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15417.

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The main aim of this project was to develop new reagents capable of exchanging selenium for oxygen under mild conditions, to obtain new carboselenaldehyde (1) and selone (2) compounds. Phenylphosphonoselenoic dichloride (3) was prepared as a solution in xylene. It was reacted with (1,2-dithiol-3-ylidene)carbaldehydes and indolizine-3-carbaldehydes to afford 1,6aλ4-dithia-6-selena-pentalenes (5) and indolizine-3-carboselenaldehydes (6), respectively. The indolizine-3-carbaldehydes had previously been prepared from the corresponding indolizines, in turn prepared from the appropriate pyridinium bromide salts. CHSe(5)(6)Phenylphosphonoselenoic dichloride (3) was also reacted with several other carbonyl compounds. Reactions with N,N.-dimethyl- fonnamide, 5-phenyl-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one, 2,6-dimethyl-4H.-pyran-4-one, 4-hydroxypyridine, 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, hexeihydro-2H-azepin-2-one, and 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one met with varied success, and only N,N-dimethylselenoformamide (7), 5-phenyl-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-selone (8), and 2,6-dimethy1-4H-pyraxi-4-selone (9) were obtained.(8)(9)The presence of a stabilising substituent was therefore required, and was introduced as a tungsten pentacarboiyl species. Pentacarbon-yl(indolizine-3-carboselenaldehyde-Se) tungsten(0) (10) and penta-carbonyl(2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-selone-Se)tungsten(0) (11) were obtained from the reaction of the corresponding oarboryl compounds with phenylphosphonoselenoic dichloride (3) in the presence of tetra- ethylanunonium iodopentacarbonyltungstate(0).The reagent (4) was prepared from the reaction of chlorodlphenyl- phosphine and tetramethylammonium selenocyanate, and was reacted in situ with indolizine-3-carbaldehydes to produce not only indolizine-3-carboselenaldehydes (6), but also compounds which were proposed on the strength of spectral and analytical evidence as being members of the novel 3-(indolizin-3-yl)-2,5-dihydro-2-selenoformyl-1,2,4-selena- diazole-5-selone (12) system.

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Ganto, Mlungiseleli MacDonald. "Application of Baylis-Hillman methodology in the construction of complex heterocyclic targets." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006703.

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Baylis-Hillman reactions using various aromatic aldehydes, activated alkenes and catalysts have been used to: - access an extensive range of poly-heterocyclic products;explore chemoselectivity; and optimise reaction efficiency. Chromone-3-carbaldehydes and chromone-2-carbaldehydes, prepared via Vielsmeier-Haack and Kostanecki-Robinson methodology, respectively, have been used as Baylis-Hillman substrates with four different catalysts, viz., 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), 3-hydroxyquinuclidine (3-HQ), imidazole and N’,N’,N’,N’- tetramethylpropanediamine (TMPDA), and with methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methyl acrylate, cyclic enones (2-cyclohexen-1-one, 2-cyclopenten-1-one and chromones) as activated alkenes. Reactions of the chromone- -carbaldehydes with MVK afforded dimeric Baylis-Hillman adducts when catalyzed by DABCO but when the same reactions were repeated using 3-HQ as catalyst, the dimeric products were accompanied by tricyclic Baylis-Hillman adducts. Use of excess MVK, however, led to mixtures of the normal Baylis-Hillman adducts and the tricyclic adducts – interestingly, with the apparent absence of the dimeric products. While reactions of chromone-3-carbaldehydes with methyl acrylate afforded the normal Baylis-Hillman adducts, the chromone-2- carbaldehydes produced, instead, rearrangement products, consistent with an earlier, single observation. Reactions of 2-nitrobenzaldehydes with cyclic enones using imidazole as catalyst afforded the normal Baylis-Hillman adducts, reductive cyclisation of the 2-cyclohexen-1- one and 2-cyclopenten-1-one adducts, using acetic acid and iron powder, afforded the corresponding quinoline erivatives. Treatment of cyclic enones with pyridine-2-carbaldehydes and quinoline-2-carbaldehydes using TMPDA as catalyst generally gave the expected Baylis-Hillman adducts. However, indolizine derivatives were isolated directly from Baylis-Hillman reactions involving pyridine-2-carbaldehydes and 2-cyclohexen-1-one. The remaining Baylis-Hillman adducts were cyclized to the corresponding indolizines by treatment with acetic anhydride both under reflux and under microwave-assisted conditions, the latter approach providing remarkably rapid and efficient access to the polycyclic products. Computer modelling studies have been conducted on selected polycyclic products at the Molecular Mechanics (MM), Quantum Mechanical (QM) and Density Functional (DFT) levels. The theoretical results have been used to calculate UV, IR and NMR absorption data, which have been compared, in turn, with the experimental spectroscopic data. Use has also been made of the estreNova NMR prediction programme and, generally, good agreement has been observed between the predicted and experimental spectroscopic data.

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Nocanda, Xolani Wittleton. "Applications of Baylis-Idllman methodology in the synthesis of chromene derivatives." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018257.

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The reaction of salicylaldehyde with various activated alkenes, viz., methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, phenyl vinyl sulfone, phenyl vinylsulfonate, acrolein and acrylonitrile, under Baylis-Hillman conditions, has been found to proceed with the chemoselective formation of chromene derivatives. The reaction conditions have been optimised and chromene derivatives have been obtained in isolated yields up to 87 %. The generality of the reaction, using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), as the catalyst, and a heterogeneous (chloroform-water) solvent system, has been established using a range of salicylaldehyde derivatives,. including 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde. The formation of chromene derivatives, under these conditions, has been assumed to proceed via an initial, Baylis-Hillman reaction, followed by cyclisation involving intramolecular conjugate addition, and subsequent dehydration. Evidence supporting this sequence has been obtained from the isolation ofBaylis-Hillman products from reactions involving the use of tertbutylclimethylsilyl-protected salicylaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and tert-butyl acrylate as substrates. The potential of the ''Baylis-Hillman zwitterion" to participate as a donor species in Michael-type addition reactions has been explored and a series of climeric products has been isolated. The Baylis-Hillman methodology has also been successfully extended to the synthesis of sulfurcontaining heterocyclic systems, and a range of 3-substituted thiochromenes has been obtained in moderate yields, using 2,2'-dithiobenzaldehyde and various activated alkenes in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as catalyst. The electron-impact mass spectra of selected chromene and thiocbromene derivatives have been investigated permitting comparison of the fragmentation of the oxygen- and sulfur-containing analogues. In a study directed at the synthesis of potential HIV -1 protease inhibitors, chromene- and thiocbromene-containing analogues of the clinically useful drug, ritonavir, have been prepared. Thiochromene and chromene derivatives were converted to the corresponding 3 -carboxylic acids and coupled with a specially prepared, hydroxyethylene dipeptide isostere to afford ritonavir analogues containing cbromene and thiochromene termini in ca. 60% yield.

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10

Ho, Yee-Ping. "Some studies in nitrogen heterocyclic chemistry using Reissert compounds." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1986. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33250.

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The thesis reports the first examples of Reissert compounds prepared from five-membered ring heterocycles. The method utilises trimethylsilyl cyanide as the key reagent in a single phase non-aqueous medium. Previous attempts to synthesise such compounds have failed because, under the conventional two phase conditions, the reaction either does not proceed or ring opening of the heterocycle occurs. Reaction of benzothiazole with an acid chloride (aliphatic, aromatic or chloroformate) and trimethylsilyl cyanide in dichloromethane has been shown to give rise to 3-acyl-2-cyano-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazoles. Eight such five-membered ring Reissert compounds have been prepared, mostly in yields exceeding 70%. The mechanistic involvement of trimethylsilyl cyanide is discussed. The novel Reissert compounds have been shown to be versatile intermediates for the further modification of the starting heterocycles.

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Books on the topic "Heterocyclic chemistry ; Heterocyclic compounds"

1

Gilchrist, T. L. Heterocyclic chemistry. 3rd ed. Harlow: Longman, 1997.

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Heterocyclic chemistry. 3rd ed. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman, 1997.

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3

Joule, J. A. Heterocyclic chemistry. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.

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4

Joule, J. A. Heterocyclic chemistry. 2nd ed. London: Chapman and Hall, 1990.

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Heterocyclic chemistry. London: Pitman, 1985.

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Gilchrist, T. L. Heterocyclic chemistry. 2nd ed. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1992.

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Gilchrist, T. L. Heterocyclic chemistry. Harlow, Essex, Eng: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989.

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8

K, Mills, ed. Heterocyclic chemistry. 4th ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, 2000.

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Heterocyclic chemistry. Harlow: Longman Scientific, 1987.

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(Keith), Mills K., ed. Heterocyclic chemistry. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heterocyclic chemistry ; Heterocyclic compounds"

1

Alvárez-Builla, Julio, and José Barluenga. "Heterocyclic Compounds: An Introduction." In Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1–9. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527637737.ch1.

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Brandsma, Lambert. "Metallation of Heterocyclic Compounds." In Preparative Polar Organometallic Chemistry, 127–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61517-7_6.

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Joule, J. A., K. Mills, and G. F. Smith. "Saturated and partially unsaturated heterocyclic compounds: reactions and synthesis." In Heterocyclic Chemistry, 463–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3222-8_26.

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Tabaković, Ibro. "Anodic synthesis of heterocyclic compounds." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 87–139. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61454-0_71.

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Khan, Mahmud Tareq Hassan, and Arjumand Ather. "Microbial Transformation of Nitrogenous Compounds." In Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 99–122. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7081_2007_068.

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Wu, Yong-Jin. "New Indole-Containing Medicinal Compounds." In Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7081_2010_37.

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Miles, Dillon H., and F. Dean Toste. "Enantioselective Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds." In Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 227–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7081_2015_5003.

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Yamamoto, Yoshihiko, and Kenji Itoh. "Ruthenium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds." In Ruthenium Catalysts and Fine Chemistry, 249–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b94646.

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Gulevskaya, Anna V., and Alexander F. Pozharskii. "The S N H -Amination of Heteroaromatic Compounds." In Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 179–239. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7081_2013_114.

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Tai, Truong Ba, Vu Thi Thu Huong, and Minh Tho Nguyen. "Chemical Bonding and Aromaticity in Poly-heterocyclic Compounds." In Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 161–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45149-2_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heterocyclic chemistry ; Heterocyclic compounds"

1

Stanovnik, Branko. "3-Dimethylaminopropenoates and Related Compounds in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Systems and Heterocyclic Amino Acids." In The 4th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-4-01783.

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Biliavska, Liubov, Yulia Pankivska, Olga Povnitsa, Svitlana Zagorodnya, Ganna Gudz, Nadiia Pikun, and Yuriy Shermolovich. "Antiviral Activity of Fluorinated Heterocyclic Compounds." In 2nd International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc-2-a019.

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El Fattah, M. E. Abd, H. H. Abd Allah, and A. H. Soliman. "Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some New Heterocyclic Compounds." In The 14th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-14-00495.

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Glukhacheva, Vera, and Sergey Ilꞌyasov. "SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NITRO DERIVATIES OF HETEROCYCLIC ANTRACENES." In Chemistry of nitro compounds and related nitrogen-oxygen systems. LLC MAKS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m729.aks-2019/97-99.

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Drokin, R., D. Gazizov, D. Tiufiakov, E. Voinkov, E. Gorbunov, E. Ulomsky, G. Rusinov, and V. Rusinova. "POTASSIUM SALTS OF NITROCARBONYL COMPOUNDS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS." In Chemistry of nitro compounds and related nitrogen-oxygen systems. LLC MAKS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m749.aks-2019/187-189.

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Smirnov, Aleksandr, Tatyana Pivina, David Lempert, and Maya Kuklja. "PRIMARY EVALUATION OF THE PERSPECTIVES OF USING HIGHENERGY-MATERIALS AND ITS FEATURES FOR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS." In Chemistry of nitro compounds and related nitrogen-oxygen systems. LLC MAKS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m722.aks-2019/56-62.

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Robinet, G., J.-Ph Rameau, and J. Devillers. "Molecular mechanical (MM2) and semi empirical (PM3) comparative study of some heterocyclic compounds of biological interest." In The first European conference on computational chemistry (E.C.C.C.1). AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47675.

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Loubidi, Mohammed, Jabrane Jouha, Zahira Tber, and Güliz Armagan. "Evaluation of the neuroprotective potential in MPP<sup>+</sup> -induced neurodegeneration of the new heterocyclic compounds based on pyrazolopyridine scaffold." In 6th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2020-07465.

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Torroba, Tomas, Oleg Rakitin, and Charles Rees. "New heterocyclic materials." In The 4th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-4-01781.

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Šíbor, Jiří, and Aleš Bárta. "NEW WAYS OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY TEACHING." In 12th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2018.1210.

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Reports on the topic "Heterocyclic chemistry ; Heterocyclic compounds"

1

Allcock, Harry R. Strained Inorganic Heterocyclic Compounds and their Conversion to Macrocycles and High Polymers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241414.

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Klubek, B. Microbial removal of organic sulfur from coal (bacterial degradation of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7019091.

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Brel, Valery K. Development of the New Approaches in Designing of Fluoroorganic Derivatives Sulfur (Unsaturated, Heterocyclic, Aromatic Molecular Systems and Polyfunctional Organic Compounds). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada447113.

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Klubek, B., and D. Clark. Microbial removal of organic sulfur from coal (bacterial degradation of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds): Final report, March 1--December 31, 1987. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6462019.

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Klubek, Brian. Microbial removal of organic sulfur from coal (bacterial degradation of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds): Final report, January 1--December 31, 1988. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6177644.

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Author, Not Given. (Comparison of the activity of subsurface and surface microorganisms and their anaerobic transformation of heterocyclic compounds): Progress report, July 1, 1987--June 30, 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6025469.

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Ozekin, K., R. D. Noble, and C. A. Koval. A theoretical analysis of the extraction of heterocyclic organic compounds from an organic phase using chemically mediated electrochemically modulated complexation in ion exchange polymer beads. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6181074.

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