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Journal articles on the topic 'Heterogeneous CAD'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Wu, Xiao J., Wei J. Liu, and Michael Y. Wang. "Modeling Heterogeneous Objects in CAD." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 4, no. 6 (January 2007): 731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16864360.2007.10738506.

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Baptistella, Antuani R., Marcos Vinicios Salles Dias, Samuel Aguiar, Maria D. Begnami, and Vilma R. Martins. "Heterogeneous expression of A33 in colorectal cancer." Anti-Cancer Drugs 27, no. 8 (September 2016): 734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cad.0000000000000379.

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3

Siu, Y. K., and S. T. Tan. "Representation and CAD modeling of heterogeneous objects." Rapid Prototyping Journal 8, no. 2 (May 2002): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540210420934.

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4

Tandon, Puneet, and Anuj Kant. "A CAD system for heterogeneous solid modelling." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 24, no. 4 (2005): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2005.008269.

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5

Kou, X. Y., and S. T. Tan. "Representation and Visualization for Heterogeneous CAD models." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 1, no. 1-4 (January 2004): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16864360.2004.10738255.

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6

Wu, Xiaojun, Weijun Liu, and Michael Yu Wang. "A CAD modeling system for heterogeneous object." Advances in Engineering Software 39, no. 5 (May 2008): 444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2007.03.002.

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7

Wu, Xiaojun. "HETEROGENEOUS MATERIAL OBJECT MODELING FOR 3D CAD PART." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 40, no. 05 (2004): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2004.05.111.

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8

Sun, Li-juan, and Bo Ding. "Ontology-based Semantic Interoperability among Heterogeneous CAD Systems." Information Technology Journal 9, no. 8 (November 1, 2010): 1635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2010.1635.1640.

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9

Yuan, B., Wei Xiong, and Zu Wen Wang. "Data Transfer from Heterogeneous CAD to Division Mockup Virtual Prototype." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.456.

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Virtual prototype technology could integrate different CAD formats parts into an digital model. In this way the design process will be more efficient. This issue reviewed three methods to transfer data from CAD parts to virtual reality element. And find an efficient way to transfer different CAD model data to virtual prototype software Division MockUp.

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Bhashyam, Srinivas, Ki Hoon Shin, and Debashish Dutta. "An integrated CAD system for design of heterogeneous objects." Rapid Prototyping Journal 6, no. 2 (June 2000): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540010323547.

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Myc, Andrzej, Jolanta Kukowska-Latallo, Peter Cao, Ben Swanson, Julianna Battista, Thomas Dunham, and James R. Baker. "Targeting the efficacy of a dendrimer-based nanotherapeutic in heterogeneous xenograft tumors in vivo." Anti-Cancer Drugs 21, no. 2 (February 2010): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cad.0b013e328334560f.

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12

Song, In-Ho, and Sung-Chong Chung. "An XML-based Digital Mock-Up System for Heterogeneous Multi-CAD Assembly." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 31, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2007.31.6.635.

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Sun, Wei. "Multi-volume CAD modeling for heterogeneous object design and fabrication." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (January 2000): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02951924.

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14

Shin, Yongjae, Soon-Hung Han, and Doo-Hwan Bae. "Integration of heterogeneous CAD databases using STEP and the Internet." Decision Support Systems 28, no. 4 (June 2000): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9236(99)00097-4.

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15

Wei, Sun, Ma Tieqiang, and Li Tao. "Constraint Conversion Method in Feature-Based Heterogeneous CAD Model Exchange." Information Technology Journal 7, no. 5 (June 15, 2008): 783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2008.783.789.

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16

Hwang, Jennifer, Lisa M. Mattei, Laura G. VanArendonk, Philip M. Meneely, and Iruka N. Okeke. "A Pathoadaptive Deletion in an Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Outbreak Strain Enhances Virulence in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 9 (June 28, 2010): 4068–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00014-10.

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ABSTRACT Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains are important diarrheal pathogens. EAEC strains are defined by their characteristic stacked-brick pattern of adherence to epithelial cells but show heterogeneous virulence and have different combinations of adhesin and toxin genes. Pathoadaptive deletions in the lysine decarboxylase (cad) genes have been noted among hypervirulent E. coli subtypes of Shigella and enterohemorrhagic E. coli. To test the hypothesis that cad deletions might account for heterogeneity in EAEC virulence, we developed a Caenorhabditis elegans pathogenesis model. Well-characterized EAEC strains were shown to colonize and kill C. elegans, and differences in virulence could be measured quantitatively. Of 49 EAEC strains screened for lysine decarboxylase activity, 3 tested negative. Most notable is isolate 101-1, which was recovered in Japan, from the largest documented EAEC outbreak. EAEC strain 101-1 was unable to decarboxylate lysine in vitro due to deletions in cadA and cadC, which, respectively, encode lysine decarboxylase and a transcriptional activator of the cadAB genes. Strain 101-1 was significantly more lethal to C. elegans than control strain OP50. Lethality was attenuated when the lysine decarboxylase defect was complemented from a multicopy plasmid and in single copy. In addition, restoring lysine decarboxylase function produced derivatives of 101-1 deficient in aggregative adherence to cultured human epithelial cells. Lysine decarboxylase inactivation is pathoadapative in an important EAEC outbreak strain, and deletion of cad genes could produce hypervirulent EAEC lineages in the future. These results suggest that loss, as well as gain, of genetic material can account for heterogeneous virulence among EAEC strains.

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17

He, Li, and WenLei Sun. "Part resource ontology construction approach based on heterogeneous CAD model documents." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 15, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 759–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-150574.

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18

Cai, Jin, H. X. Liu, and G. L. Duan. "Research and Application on Heterogeneous CAD Platforms of Modular Fixture System." Materials Science Forum 697-698 (September 2011): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.697-698.503.

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Application on multi-platforms for a computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) system is significant. But now, relative less attention is focused on this direction. On above backgrounds, research was carried out on data construction, data description, data conversation as well as data parsing. In modular fixture system, components in the modular fixture base were described according to their CSG-based primitives. So, XML was used to represent the simple data because of its widely using on net and different operational systems. By developing interfaces between diverse CAD systems, the modular fixture system can be applied on heterogeneous environments and reinventing the wheel can be avoided.

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19

Dou, Wanfeng, Xiaodong Song, and Xiaoyong Zhang. "Design and Implementation of Synchronized Collaborative System upon Heterogeneous CAD Systems." Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology 5, no. 3 (August 2011): 451–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1748-3018.5.3.451.

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20

Dou, Wanfeng, and Xiaodong Song. "Operation Command Transformation of Synchronized Collaborative Design upon Heterogeneous CAD Systems." Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology 7, no. 4 (December 2013): 423–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1748-3018.7.4.423.

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21

Weiping, Li, Gu Zhengqi, and Deng Biao. "Synchronised collaborative design between heterogeneous CAD systems based on web service." International Journal of Product Development 6, no. 1 (2008): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpd.2008.019122.

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22

Song, In-Ho, and Sung-Chong Chung. "Synthesis of the digital mock-up system for heterogeneous CAD assembly." Computers in Industry 60, no. 5 (June 2009): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2008.09.004.

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23

Rosen, David W., Namin Jeong, and Yan Wang. "A method for reverse engineering of material microstructure for heterogeneous CAD." Computer-Aided Design 45, no. 7 (July 2013): 1068–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2013.01.004.

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24

Qin, Feiwei, Shuming Gao, Xiaoling Yang, Ming Li, and Jing Bai. "An ontology-based semantic retrieval approach for heterogeneous 3D CAD models." Advanced Engineering Informatics 30, no. 4 (October 2016): 751–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2016.10.001.

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25

Li, Min, Shuming Gao, and Charlie C. L. Wang. "Real-Time Collaborative Design With Heterogeneous CAD Systems Based on Neutral Modeling Commands." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 7, no. 2 (September 6, 2006): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2720880.

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This paper presents an integration-based solution for developing a real-time collaborative design (co-design) platform on heterogeneous computer-aided design (CAD) systems. Different from the visualization-based approaches, the product models are allowed to be constructed and modified from various sites together in the proposed collaborative design platform. Our approach is based on a mechanism for the translation between system modeling operations (SMOs) and neutral modeling commands (NMCs). Every operation given by a user on one site is translated into a NMC and transmitted to all the other sites through the network, and then the received NMC is converted into corresponding SMOs on every other site, instantaneously. Since only the commands but not the product data are transferred, the data size under transmission is greatly reduced, so that a real-time synchronization can be achieved with a standard network bandwidth. In addition, by developing system-dependent SMO↔NMC translators on different client CAD systems, users on different sites could join the collaboration by using their familiar CAD systems; this is the benefit that cannot be offered by the homogeneous co-design systems. The prototype implementation proves that our approach works well for integrating various current popular commercial CAD systems into a real-time collaborative design platform.

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26

Chen, Tao. "Research on CAD/CAE Information Integrated System Based on Web Services." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2740.

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The information integrated plan based on Web services was proposed, in view of the informations in current CAD, CAE systems are heterogeneous, distributed and diversity. Combined with the CAD/CAE information integrated system to expound the realization process of Web Services. On the basis of overall analysis of the CAD/CAE information integrated system, provided the framework of information integrated system with PDM functions as the core, which based on Web services technology. The development of CAD/CAE information integrated system based on Web services offerrs a possibility for remote collaboration in a distributed enviorment.

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27

Lopes de Oliveira, D. "Miriã: a CAD tool to synthesize multi-burst controllers for heterogeneous systems." Microelectronics Reliability 43, no. 2 (February 2003): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2714(02)00291-3.

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28

Lopez Torres, E., E. Fiorina, F. Pennazio, C. Peroni, M. Saletta, N. Camarlinghi, M. E. Fantacci, and P. Cerello. "Large scale validation of the M5L lung CAD on heterogeneous CT datasets." Medical Physics 42, no. 4 (March 11, 2015): 1477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4907970.

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29

Li, Jing-Rong, Cheng Tang, and Qing-Hui Wang. "A proxy approach to integrate heterogeneous CAD resources for distributed collaborative design." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 28, no. 6 (February 7, 2014): 593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192x.2014.880947.

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30

ISHIKAWA, Haruo, Yoon-Eui NAHM, and Yukari ISOE. "3808 Interoperability of heterogeneous 3-D CAD systems based on global ID." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2005.4 (2005): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2005.4.0_367.

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31

Vamvakidou, Alexandra P., Mark J. Mondrinos, Sokol P. Petushi, Fernando U. Garcia, Peter I. Lelkes, and Aydin Tozeren. "Heterogeneous Breast Tumoroids: An In Vitro Assay for Investigating Cellular Heterogeneity and Drug Delivery." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 12, no. 1 (November 12, 2006): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057106296482.

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Breast tumors are typically heterogeneous and contain diverse subpopulations of tumor cells with differing phenotypic properties. Planar cultures of cancer cell lines are not viable models of investigation of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions during tumor development. This article presents an in vitro coculture-based 3-dimensional heterogeneous breast tumor model that can be used in drug resistance and drug delivery investigations. Breast cancer cell lines of different phenotypes (MDAMB231, MCF7, and ZR751) were cocultured in a rotating wall vessel bioreactor to form a large number of heterogeneous tumoroids in a single cell culture experiment. Cells in the rotating vessels were labeled with Cell Tracker fluorescent probes to allow for time course fluorescence microscopy to monitor cell aggregation. Histological sections of tumoroids were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, progesterone receptor, E-cadherin (E-cad), and proliferation marker ki67. In vitro tumoroids developed in this study recapture important features of the temporal-spatial organization of solid tumors, including the presence of necrotic areas at the center and higher levels of cell division at the tumor periphery. E-cad-positive MCF7 cells form larger tumoroids than E-cad-negative MDAMB231 cells. In heterogeneous tumors, the irregular surface roughness was mainly due to the presence of MDAMB231 cells, whereas MCF7 cells formed smooth surfaces. Moreover, when heterogeneous tumoroids were placed onto collagen gels, highly invasive MDAMB231 cell-rich surface regions produced extensions into the matrix, whereas poorly invasive MCF7 cells did not. The fact that one can form a large number of 1-mm tumoroids in 1 coculture attests to the potential use of this system at high-throughput investigations of cancer drug development and drug delivery into the tumor.

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32

Safdar, Mutahar, Tahir Abbas Jauhar, Youngki Kim, Hanra Lee, Chiho Noh, Hyebin Kim, Inhwan Lee, Imgyu Kim, Soonjo Kwon, and Soonhung Han. "Feature-based translation of CAD models with macro-parametric approach: issues of feature mapping, persistent naming, and constraint translation." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 7, no. 5 (April 9, 2020): 603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaa043.

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Abstract Feature-based translation of computer-aided design (CAD) models allows designers to preserve the modeling history as a series of modeling operations. Modeling operations or features contain information that is required to modify CAD models to create different variants. Conventional formats, including the standard for the exchange of product model data or the initial graphics exchange specification, cannot preserve design intent and only geometric models can be exchanged. As a result, it is not possible to modify these models after their exchange. Macro-parametric approach (MPA) is a method for exchanging feature-based CAD models among heterogeneous CAD systems. TransCAD, a CAD system for inter-CAD translation, is based on this approach. Translators based on MPA were implemented and tested for exchange between two commercial CAD systems. The issues found during the test rallies are reported and analyzed in this work. MPA can be further extended to remaining features and constraints for exchange between commercial CAD systems.

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33

Hwang, InHyuck, WonSun Ruy, and InHa Park. "A Study on a Neutralization Method of Drawing for Augmenting Data in Heterogeneous CAD Drawings." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 54, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/snak.2017.54.4.344.

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34

Chen, Ke‐Zhang, and Xin‐An Feng. "Developing the methods of modeling heterogeneous components." Integrated Manufacturing Systems 14, no. 7 (November 1, 2003): 586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060310491946.

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In order to represent, analyze, optimize, and manufacture a component made of multi‐heterogeneous materials for high‐tech applications, a computer model of the heterogeneous component needs to be built first. Heterogeneous materials include composite, functionally graded materials, and heterogeneous materials with a periodic microstructure. Current modeling techniques focus only on capturing the geometric information and cannot satisfy the requirements from modeling the components made of multi‐heterogeneous materials. This paper develops a modeling method, which can be implemented by employing the functions of current CAD graphic software and can obtain the model including both the material information (about its microstructures and constituent composition) and the geometry information without the problems arising from too many data.

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35

Li, Xiaoxia, Fazhi He, Xiantao Cai, Dejun Zhang, and Yilin Chen. "A method for topological entity matching in the integration of heterogeneous CAD systems." Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ica-120416.

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36

Zhu, Feng, Ke-Zhang Chen, and Xin-An Feng. "Development of a CAD modeling system for components made of multi heterogeneous materials." Materials & Design 26, no. 2 (April 2005): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2004.05.013.

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37

Chen, Ke-Zhang, and Xin-An Feng. "CAD modeling for the components made of multi heterogeneous materials and smart materials." Computer-Aided Design 36, no. 1 (January 2004): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4485(03)00077-0.

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38

Bowman, K. Eric, C. Greg Jensen, and Devin Shumway. "Pseudo-singleton pattern and agnostic business layer for multi-engineer, synchronous, heterogeneous CAD." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 14, no. 3 (February 10, 2017): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16864360.2016.1240449.

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39

Khan, Gul Nawaz, and Usman Ahmed. "CAD tool for hardware software co-synthesis of heterogeneous multiple processor embedded architectures." Design Automation for Embedded Systems 12, no. 4 (October 8, 2008): 313–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10617-008-9031-1.

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40

Su, Zhiyong, Lang Zhou, Yaobin Mao, Yuewei Dai, and Weiqing Tang. "A unified framework for authenticating topology integrity of 2D heterogeneous engineering CAD drawings." Multimedia Tools and Applications 76, no. 20 (October 5, 2016): 20663–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3994-x.

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41

Kotulski, Leszek, Adam Sędziwy, and Barbara Strug. "Heterogeneous graph grammars synchronization in CAD systems supported by hypergraph representations of buildings." Expert Systems with Applications 41, no. 4 (March 2014): 990–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.07.043.

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42

Ahsan, AMM, Ruinan Xie, and Bashir Khoda. "Heterogeneous topology design and voxel-based bio-printing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, no. 7 (October 8, 2018): 1142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-05-2017-0076.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a topology-based tissue scaffold design methodology to accurately represent the heterogeneous internal architecture of tissues/organs. Design/methodology/approach An image analysis technique is used that digitizes the topology information contained in medical images of tissues/organs. A weighted topology reconstruction algorithm is implemented to represent the heterogeneity with parametric functions. The parametric functions are then used to map the spatial material distribution following voxelization. The generated chronological information yields hierarchical tool-path points which are directly transferred to the three-dimensional (3D) bio-printer through a proposed generic platform called Application Program Interface (API). This seamless data corridor between design (virtual) and fabrication (physical) ensures the manufacturability of personalized heterogeneous porous scaffold structure without any CAD/STL file. Findings The proposed methodology is implemented to verify the effectiveness of the approach and the designed example structures are bio-fabricated with a deposition-based bio-additive manufacturing system. The designed and fabricated heterogeneous structures are evaluated which shows conforming porosity distribution compared to uniform method. Originality/value In bio-fabrication process, the generated bio-models with boundary representation (B-rep) or surface tessellation (mesh) do not capture the internal architectural information. This paper provides a design methodology for scaffold structure mimicking the native tissue/organ architecture and direct fabricating the structure without reconstructing the CAD model. Therefore, designing and direct bio-printing the heterogeneous topology of tissue scaffolds from medical images minimize the disparity between the internal architecture of target tissue and its scaffold.

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43

Kumar, V., and D. Dutta. "An Approach to Modeling & Representation of Heterogeneous Objects." Journal of Mechanical Design 120, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829329.

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Heterogeneous objects, composed of different materials, are increasingly being used in engineering applications. Also, a new fabrication method called Layered Manufacturing (LM) has shown potential to manufacture these objects. In order to manufacture heterogeneous objects by LM, a CAD model is required that contains both geometry and material information. However, current solid modeling techniques focus on capturing the geometric information only. In this paper, we present an approach to model and represent heterogeneous objects by integrating the material information along with the geometry/topology in the solid model. We define new modeling operations for creating and manipulating heterogeneous models and to complement traditional modeling operations. We also address the issue of computer representation of these new models. Finally, the issue of fabrication of these heterogeneous objects by LM is discussed.

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44

Liang, Ke Shan, Jian Zhong Shang, Li Tang, Yu Jun Cao, and Chen Cheng. "Feature-Based Collaborative Design in VPDM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.475.

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Based on present research states and new problems of current collaborative design (CD), the paper presents a solution of building Virtual PDM (VPDM) for developing a CD platform on heterogeneous CAD and PDM systems among enterprises. Firstly, VPDM definition and characteristics are put forward, the CD framework in VPDM is proposed and each component of VPDM are analyzed. Secondly, operations and features in CAD are described with Express-G, a unified feature model is built and mapped into database mode. And then, feature-based CD sequence diagram, clients’ status and feature expression are introduced in VPDM environment. At last, prototype system developed using above method makes CD come true in two commercial CAD systems and two commercial PDM systems, which proves that our approach works well.

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45

Fan, Quan Run, and Feng Pan. "Technology Mapping for Heterogeneous FPGA in Different EDA Stages." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 1866–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.1866.

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In traditional EDA flow, Technology mapping is performed after logic synthesis. Besides programmable logic blocks, heterogeneous FPGAs also have some hard blocks, such as memory block and multiplier, built in it. After logic synthesis, it will be difficult for technology mapping to find sub-circuits that can be implemented in hard blocks. In this paper, a systematic technology mapping approach is proposed. In the design phase, with the support of CAD tools, a module based design approach is used to map some design block to large hard blocks. During register transfer level synthesis, some functions that are suitable to be implemented in small hard blocks are identified. Other logic functions are mapped into lookup tables with different input size.

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46

Demirevska, Liliya, and Ivaylo Daskalov. "Coronary Artery Disease Risk Assessment of Liver Transplant Candidates." Bulgarian Cardiology 26, no. 3 (October 9, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bgcardio.26.e54743.

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Cardiovascular complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing liver transplantation (LT). Coronary artery disease (CAD) contributes to major portion of cardiovascular complications and therefore warrants evaluation in the preoperative period. Patients awaiting LT are a special subgroup that carries heterogeneous risk factors and has unique pathogenic and clinical characteristics. These patients usually demonstrate increased cardiac output and a compromised response to stress. Low systemic vascular resistance and bradycardia are also commonly seen in cirrhosis and can be aggravated by beta-blocker use. Current non-invasive tests that assess for subclinical CAD have low sensitivity, and altered hemodynamics during the LT surgery can unmask latent cardiovascular disease either intraoperatively or in the immediate postoperative period. This review focuses on the expanding body of evidence for diagnosis and risk stratiﬁ cation of CAD in LT candidates. The systematic approach to evaluate preoperative CAD risk in LT candidates may be helpful to optimize post-LT outcome.

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47

Qian, Xiaoping, and Debasish Dutta. "Physics-Based Modeling for Heterogeneous Objects." Journal of Mechanical Design 125, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 416–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1582877.

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Heterogeneous objects are composed of different constituent materials. In these objects, material properties from different constituent materials are synthesized into one part. Therefore, heterogeneous objects can offer new material properties and functionalities. The task of modeling material heterogeneity (composition variation) is a critical issue in the design and fabrication of such heterogeneous objects. Existing methods cannot efficiently model the material heterogeneity due to the lack of an effective mechanism to control the large number of degrees of freedom for the specification of heterogeneous objects. In this research, we provide a new approach for designing heterogeneous objects. The idea is that designers indirectly control the material distribution through the boundary conditions of a virtual diffusion problem in the solid, rather than directly in the native CAD (B-spline) representation for the distribution. We show how the diffusion problem can be solved using the B-spline shape function, with the results mapping directly to a volumetric B-Spline representation of the material distribution. We also extend this method to material property manipulation and time dependent heterogeneous object modeling. Implementation and examples, such as a turbine blade design and prosthesis design, are also presented. They demonstrate that the physics based B-spline modeling method is a convenient, intuitive, and efficient way to model object heterogeneity.

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48

Piccioni, Andrea, Tommaso de Cunzo, Federico Valletta, Marcello Covino, Emanuele Rinninella, Pauline Raoul, Christian Zanza, Maria Cristina Mele, and Francesco Franceschi. "Gut Microbiota and Environment in Coronary Artery Disease." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084242.

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In recent years, studies evaluated the associations between coronary artery disease (CAD) and fecal gut microbiota composition. This opens new perspectives on therapeutic strategies to prevent CAD representing the leading cause of mortality in Western societies. We have conducted a review of the literature regarding the characteristics of the gut microbiota of CAD patients, its underlying mechanisms and their associations with pollution and the Western diet. The latest evidence confirms that an abnormal microbiota predisposes to the development of CAD and differs in composition compared to the microbiota of healthy patients; the results are, however, heterogeneous. The most studied underlying mechanisms involve the production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the immune system activation mediated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Despite a large amount of available data, there is no evidence about the role of a specific type of gut microbiota in the risk of developing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Moreover, no relationship has been assessed between the gut microbiota and the characteristics of coronary plaques in humans. However, a close association has been found between both pollution and the Western diet and gut microbiota and CAD. Further studies are needed to clarify the associations between gut microbiota, CAD, and ACS to find efficient therapeutic strategies.

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Sun, Wei, Tie-qiang Ma, and Yu-jun Huang. "Research on method of constraint conversion in feature-based data exchange between heterogeneous CAD systems." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 23, no. 1 (January 2009): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-008-0928-1.

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ASSELBERGS, Folkert W., Stefan H. J. MONNINK, Nic J. G. M. VEEGER, Ad J. VAN BOVEN, Paul L. VAN HAELST, Gillian A. J. JESSURUN, Wiek H. VAN GILST, and René A. TIO. "Coronary vasomotor response is related to the angiographic extent of coronary sclerosis in patients with stable angina pectoris." Clinical Science 106, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20030215.

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Disturbed vasomotor function in coronary arteries has clinical importance in early stages of coronary artery disease (CAD), as it may contribute to the potential risk for an ischaemic coronary event. In the present study, we have investigated the relationship between coronary vasomotor function and the extent of CAD. The response to acetylcholine and nitrate infusion was assessed by quantitative coronary angiography. The extent of CAD was categorized into two groups: minor CAD (normal coronary arteries and vessel wall irregularities) and significant CAD (one-, two- and three-vessel disease). A total of 277 patients with stable angina pectoris, referred for a first diagnostic coronary angiography, were eligible for analysis (mean age 57 years, 61% male). The response to nitrate was significantly impaired in patients with significant CAD (P<0.001). On the other hand, the response to acetylcholine was not different between the two groups (P=0.12); however, a trend between the response to acetylcholine and the extent of CAD was observed in patients without a previous infarction (P=0.07), which was a significant interaction variable. Furthermore, a significant relationship between coronary vasomotor response and the number of cardiovascular risk factors was observed (P<0.05). In conclusion, in a heterogeneous group of patients, coronary vasomotor function measured by nitrate infusion was more strongly associated with the extent of CAD and the number of risk factors than the response to acetylcholine. These data suggest that, in patients with advanced atherosclerosis or multiple risk factors, the vasomotor dysfunction is not solely restricted to the endothelium.

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