Academic literature on the topic 'Heterologous expression'

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Journal articles on the topic "Heterologous expression"

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Knox, Barry E., Ernesto Salcedo, Katherine Mathiesz, et al. "Heterologous Expression ofLimulusRhodopsin." Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, no. 42 (2003): 40493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m304567200.

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Fricker, M. D., and K. J. Oparka. "using heterologous expression systems." Journal of Experimental Botany 50, Special_Issue (1999): 1089–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/50.special_issue.1089.

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Zayed, A., and R. Ulber. "Heterologous Expression of Heteropolysaccharides." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 88, no. 9 (2016): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201650230.

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Zheng, Xin, Wei Wei Fan, Ling Jian Meng, Shuang Shuang Li, Ying Ying Liu, and Ling Hua Zhang. "Efficient Expression of Mussel Adhesive Protein in Pichia pastoris GS115 Promoted by Ectoine." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 1137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.1137.

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Mussel adhesive protein has significant potential application in the field of medical adhesion. Genetic engineering method is gaining more and more attention, by which mussel adhesive protein can be heterologously expressed. In order to improve the expression efficiency of mussel adhesive protein with heterologous recombinant, it is reported that the compatible solutes Ectoine promoted to expression of adhesive protein on Pichia pastoris GS115. In this study, the adhesive protein gene msfp-1 from Mytilus sp. JHX-2002 was transformed into P. pastoris GS115. Inducement expression of adhesive pro
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Cameron, Caroline E., Janelle M. Y. Kuroiwa, Mitsunori Yamada, Teresa Francescutti, Bo Chi, and Howard K. Kuramitsu. "Heterologous Expression of the Treponema pallidum Laminin-Binding Adhesin Tp0751 in the Culturable Spirochete Treponema phagedenis." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 7 (2008): 2565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01537-07.

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ABSTRACT Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is an unculturable, genetically intractable bacterium. Here we report the use of the shuttle vector pKMR4PEMCS for the expression of a previously identified T. pallidum laminin-binding adhesin, Tp0751, in the nonadherent, culturable spirochete Treponema phagedenis. Heterologous expression of Tp0751 in T. phagedenis was confirmed via reverse transcriptase PCR analysis with tp0751 gene-specific primers and immunofluorescence analysis with Tp0751-specific antibodies; the latter assay verified the expression of the lamin
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Norkiene, Milda, and Alma Gedvilaite. "Influence of Codon Bias on Heterologous Production of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Major Structural Protein L1 in Yeast." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/979218.

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Heterologous gene expression is dependent on multistep processes involving regulation at the level of transcription, mRNA turnover, protein translation, and posttranslational modifications. Codon bias has a significant influence on protein yields. However, sometimes it is not clear which parameter causes observed differences in heterologous gene expression as codon adaptation typically optimizes many sequence properties at once. In the current study, we evaluated the influence of codon bias on heterologous production of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) major structural protein L1 in yeast
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Salmanian Tabasi, N., A. Gholizadeh, and B. Baghban Kohnehrouz. "Designing, docking and heterologous expression of an anti-HER2 affibody molecule." Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 90, no. 1 (2018): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj90.01.068.

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Fazal, Asif, Divya Thankachan, Ellie Harris, and Ryan F. Seipke. "A chromatogram-simplified Streptomyces albus host for heterologous production of natural products." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 113, no. 4 (2019): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10482-019-01360-x.

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AbstractCloning natural product biosynthetic gene clusters from cultured or uncultured sources and their subsequent expression by genetically tractable heterologous hosts is an essential strategy for the elucidation and characterisation of novel microbial natural products. The availability of suitable expression hosts is a critical aspect of this workflow. In this work, we mutagenised five endogenous biosynthetic gene clusters from Streptomyces albus S4, which reduced the complexity of chemical extracts generated from the strain and eliminated antifungal and antibacterial bioactivity. We showe
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Popova, Larissa G., Dmitrii E. Khramov, Olga I. Nedelyaeva, and Vadim S. Volkov. "Yeast Heterologous Expression Systems for the Study of Plant Membrane Proteins." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (2023): 10768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310768.

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Researchers are often interested in proteins that are present in cells in small ratios compared to the total amount of proteins. These proteins include transcription factors, hormones and specific membrane proteins. However, sufficient amounts of well-purified protein preparations are required for functional and structural studies of these proteins, including the creation of artificial proteoliposomes and the growth of protein 2D and 3D crystals. This aim can be achieved by the expression of the target protein in a heterologous system. This review describes the applications of yeast heterologo
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Nagy, Katalin, Zita Kovács, Pál Salamon, Csongor-Kálmán Orbán, Szabolcs Lányi, and Beáta Albert. "Enhanced heterologous expression in E.coli." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia 64, no. 2 T1 (2019): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbchem.2019.2.09.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heterologous expression"

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Gaspar, Paulo Miguel da Silva. "Gene optimization for heterologous expression." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7238.

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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemática<br>Com o uso de computadores para assistir investigadores na área da biologia na resolução de tarefas complexas, o seu potencial surgiu como uma ajuda preciosa para alcançar o que está para além das capacidades humanas. Para um biólogo, nos tempos que correm, lidar com um computador é uma tarefa tão trivial como realizar experiencias em laboratório. Assim, a capacidade fornecida pela tecnologia computacional, juntamente com as centenas de aplicações e ferramentas de software que já existem, concedem à Biologia um apoio significativo pa
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McCracken, Andrea. "Heterologous gene expression in Lactobacillus." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.

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Lilley, Catherine Jane. "Heterologous expression from Agrobacterium virulence promoters." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6202/.

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The aim of this work was twofold: to construct plasmids with a gene encoding a pesticidal protein expressed from an Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence promoter and to determine, in planta, the sites of Agrobacterium vir-induction. A number of methods were employed to detect in situ vir-induction and, to this end, genes encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS) and bioluminescence (lux) were linked in plasmid constructs to Agrobacterium vir-promoters. In each case, expression of the gene was shown to be induced by the v/r-inducing phenolic compound acetosyringone. An existing plasmid, in which the lacZ g
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Richards, Kevin Stephen. "Insect expression systems : improving intracellular and regulated heterologous gene expression." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407367.

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Krezdorn, Christian. "Heterologous expression of human glycosyltransferases in yeast /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10372.

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Hills, David. "Heterologous expression of basic fibroblast growth factor." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304472.

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Mielke, Tamara. "Heterologous expression and characterisation of unspecific peroxygenases." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20015/.

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In 2004, unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) from fungi were first identified and showed to catalyse selective oxygenation reactions, with high turnovers, good stability and a broad reaction scope, providing a valuable alternative to established biocatalytic hydroxylation systems such as cytochrome P450s. At the start of this project, access to UPOs was limited to expression in their native fungi, hence studies were performed looking into heterologous expression of the enzymes from Agrocybe aegerita and Agaricus bisporus, followed by characterisation, and application of the enzymes.
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CIVIERO, Laura. "Heterologous expression of three enzymes forstructural studies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Verona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/344018.

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In questo lavoro di tesi ci si è occupati dell’espressione, della purificazione e della cristallizzazione di tre enzimi (bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase, BAAT; farnesyl cysteine-carboxyl methyltransferase, Ste14; e stearoyl-CoA desaturase, SCD) con lo scopo finale di determinarne la struttura tridimensionale mediante analisi di diffrazione di raggi X. I cDNA delle proteine in questione sono stati clonati in vettori per l’espressione in sistemi eterologhi. Le scelta del sistema di espressione opportuno per la produzione su larga scala è stata condotta dopo una valutazione dell
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Scott, R. "Expression of aminoglycoside phosphotransferase II in heterologous cells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356036.

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Raemaekers, Romaan J. M. "Expression of functional plant lectins in heterologous systems." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4621/.

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The mannose-binding lectin from snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) was produced in Escherichia coli and purified as a functional protein after denturation/renaturation. Incorporation of the four extra C-terminal residues recently revealed from X-ray crystallographic data demonstrated that these residues increase binding to the glycoprotein carboxypeptidase Y. However, no differences in activities were observed in haemagglutination assays when compared to native GNA and toxicity towards rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens', BPH) in artificial diet bioassays was unaltered. Site-
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Books on the topic "Heterologous expression"

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Mus-Veteau, Isabelle, ed. Heterologous Expression of Membrane Proteins. Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2368-8.

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Burgess-Brown, Nicola A., ed. Heterologous Gene Expression in E.coli. Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6887-9.

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Mus-Veteau, Isabelle, ed. Heterologous Expression of Membrane Proteins. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3637-3.

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Mus-Veteau, Isabelle, ed. Heterologous Expression of Membrane Proteins. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-344-2.

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Evans,, Thomas C., and Ming-Qun Xu, eds. Heterologous Gene Expression in E.coli. Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-967-3.

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Joyce, Kirsti Ann. Heterologous gene expression in insect cell lines. Oxford Brookes University, 1993.

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Jones, Margaret Mary. Heterologous expression of a mutant ricin sequence. typescript, 1991.

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McCarroll, Lynn. Characterisation of heterologous gene expression in insect cell lines. Oxford Brookes University, 1997.

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Lloyd, John S. Heterologous expression and site-directed mutagenesis of soluable methane monooxygenase. typescript, 1997.

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Lee, Tai-Lin. The control of heterologous IFN-[gamma] gene expression in recombinant CHO cells. University of Manchester, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Heterologous expression"

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Tuite, Michael F. "Expression of Heterologous Genes." In Saccharomyces. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2641-8_6.

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de Weert, Sandra, and B. Christien Lokman. "Heterologous Expression of Peroxidases." In Biocatalysis Based on Heme Peroxidases. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12627-7_12.

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Villatoro-Hernández, Julio, Oscar P. Kuipers, Odila Saucedo-Cárdenas, and Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Luna. "Heterologous Protein Expression by Lactococcus lactis." In Recombinant Gene Expression. Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-433-9_8.

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van Gorcom, Robert F. M., Peter J. Punt, and Cees A. M. J. J. van den Hondel. "Heterologous Gene Expression in Aspergillus." In The Genus Aspergillus. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0981-7_18.

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Mokdad-Gargouri, Raja, Salma Abdelmoula-Soussi, Nadia Hadiji-Abbès, Ines Yacoubi-Hadj Amor, Istabrak Borchani-Chabchoub, and Ali Gargouri. "Yeasts as a Tool for Heterologous Gene Expression." In Recombinant Gene Expression. Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-433-9_18.

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Matsuyama, Akihisa, and Minoru Yoshida. "Heterologous Gene Expression by Chromosomal Integration in Fission Yeast." In Recombinant Gene Expression. Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-433-9_23.

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Triccas, James A., and Anthony A. Ryan. "Heterologous Expression of Genes in Mycobacteria." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-207-6_16.

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Parrilli, Ermenegilda, Angela Duilio, and Maria Luisa Tutino. "Heterologous Protein Expression in Psychrophilic Hosts." In Psychrophiles: from Biodiversity to Biotechnology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74335-4_21.

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van Leen, R. W., P. J. Lemson, and J. G. Bakhuis. "Heterologous Expression of Human Interleukin-3." In From Clone to Clinic. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3780-5_32.

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Lee, Eunice E., and Richard C. Wang. "Glucose Uptake in Heterologous Expression Systems." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7507-5_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Heterologous expression"

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LAM, K. M., and J. S. H. TSANG. "ENHANCEMENT OF DEGRADATIVE CAPACITY BY HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION." In Proceedings of the Third Asia-Pacific Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812791924_0040.

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Wang, HaiKuan, XinHuai Zhao, RuiJuan Liu, Qi Wei, and FuPing Lu. "Heterologous Expression of Bovine Lactoferricin in Escherichia Coli." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.100.

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de las Heras, A., C. Vázquez, A. Martínez del Pozo, B. Patiño, and M. T. González-Jaén. "Heterologous expression and enzymatic characterisation of exopolygalacturonase PGX1." In Proceedings of the II International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2007). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812837554_0121.

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Privalova, A. A., T. V. Vybornaya, D. M. Bubnov, et al. "HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF O-ACETYLHOMOSERINE SULFHYDRYLASE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI." In XI МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ: БИОИНФОРМАТИКОВ, БИОТЕХНОЛОГОВ, БИОФИЗИКОВ, ВИРУСОЛОГОВ, МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ БИОЛОГОВ И СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ. IPC NSU, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1691-6-95.

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Turin, А. А., O. S. Pavlenko, K. V. Kabardaeva, et al. "GENETIC DETERMINANTS FOR EFFICIENT EXPRESSION OF HETEROLOGOUS GENES IN PLANTS." In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-1401-1402.

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Shakhova, E. S., N. M. Myshkina, R. I. Zagitova, et al. "HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF PYROCYSTIS LUNULA LUCIFERASE GENE IN PLANT CELLS." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-394.

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Bioluminescence of dinoflagellates is a result of oxidation of the luciferin, which belongs to the class of tetrapyrroles and is possibly a product of chlorophyll a catabolism. We have demonstrated the functionality of the dinoflagellate luciferase gene from P. lunula in the transient and stable transformation of N. tabacum BY-2 cell culture. The results will be used further for the investigation of the luciferin biosynthetic pathway
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Li, Yilin, та Chenyu Yang. "Heterologous Expression of Fluorescent Protein Gene in E. Coli DH5α". У International Conference on Biotechnology and Biomedicine. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0012025200003633.

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Bekić, Sofija, Edward Petri, and Andjelka Ćelić. "Heterologous expression, purification and enzymatic activity of aldo-keto reductase 1C4." In 7th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2021-11455.

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Popova, L. G., D. A. Matalin, D. E. Chramov, et al. "Cloning and heterologous expression of P-type ATPases from marine green microalgae." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-363.

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Yurong Chai, Yumin Lv, Tianyun Wang, Weihong Hou, and Lexun Xue. "Heterologous Gene Expression Driven by Carbonic Anhydrase Gene Promoter in Dunaliella salina." In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.17004.

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Reports on the topic "Heterologous expression"

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Anderson, Olin, Gad Galili, and Ann Blechl. Heterologous Expression of Wheat High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit Genes: Analysis and Modification of Protein Sequences Affecting Dough Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7603826.bard.

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Pichersky, Eran, Alexander Vainstein, and Natalia Dudareva. Scent biosynthesis in petunia flowers under normal and adverse environmental conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699859.bard.

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The ability of flowering plants to prosper throughout evolution, and for many crop plants to set fruit, is strongly dependent on their ability to attract pollinators. To that end many plants synthesize a spectrum of volatile compounds in their flowers. Scent is a highly dynamic trait that is strongly influenced by the environment. However, with high temperature conditions becoming more common, the molecular interplay between this type of stress and scent biosynthesis need to be investigated. Using petunia as a model system, our project had three objectives: (1) Determine the expression pattern
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Anderson, Olin, and Gad Galili. Development of Assay Systems for Bioengineering Proteins that Affect Dough Quality and Wheat Utilization. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568781.bard.

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The quality and utilization of wheat is largely dependent upon the exact physical/chemical properties of the doughs made from flour/water mixtures. Among the wheat seed components most correlated with dough visoelastic parameters are the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits whose disulfide cross-linked macropolymer is critical for dough functionality. We have used the tools of molecular biology, wheat transformation, heterologous expression of HMW-glutenin subunits in bacteria, and dough micro-mixing experiments to examine some of the molecular basis of HMW-glutenin functionality. In
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Katzir, Nurit, James Giovannoni, Marla Binzel, Efraim Lewinsohn, Joseph Burger, and Arthur Schaffer. Genomic Approach to the Improvement of Fruit Quality in Melon (Cucumis melo) and Related Cucurbit Crops II: Functional Genomics. United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592123.bard.

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Background: Genomics tools for enhancement of melon research, with an emphasis on fruit, were developed through a previous BARD project of the PIs (IS -333-02). These included the first public melon EST collection, a database to relay this information to the research community and a publicly available microarray. The current project (IS-3877- 06) aimed to apply these tools for identification of important genes for improvement of melon (Cucumis melo) fruit quality. Specifically, the research plans included expression analysis using the microarray and functional analyses of selected genes. The o
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Wisniewski, Michael E., Samir Droby, John L. Norelli, Noa Sela, and Elena Levin. Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of postharvest decay resistance in Malus sieversii and the characterization of pathogenicity effectors in Penicillium expansum. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600013.bard.

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Blue mold of apple caused by Penicilliumexpansumis a major postharvest disease. Selection for postharvest disease resistance in breeding programs has been ignored in favor of fruit quality traits such as size, color, taste, etc. The identification of postharvest disease resistance as a heritable trait would represent a significant accomplishment and has not been attempted in apple. Furthermore, insight into the biology of the pathogenicity of P. expansumin apple could provide new approaches to postharvest decay management. Hypothesis: Postharvest resistance of apple to P. expansumcan be mapped
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Friedman, Haya, Julia Vrebalov, and James Giovannoni. Elucidating the ripening signaling pathway in banana for improved fruit quality, shelf-life and food security. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594401.bard.

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Background : Banana being a monocot and having distinct peel and pulp tissues is unique among the fleshy fruits and hence can provide a more comprehensive understanding of fruit ripening. Our previous research which translated ripening discoveries from tomato, led to the identification of six banana fruit-associated MADS-box genes, and we confirmed the positive role of MaMADS1/2 in banana ripening. The overall goal was to further elucidate the banana ripening signaling pathway as mediated by MADS-boxtranscriptional regulators. Specific objectives were: 1) characterize transcriptional profiles
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Perl, Avichai, Bruce I. Reisch, and Ofra Lotan. Transgenic Endochitinase Producing Grapevine for the Improvement of Resistance to Powdery Mildew (Uncinula necator). United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568766.bard.

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The original objectives are listed below: 1. Design vectors for constitutive expression of endochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum strain P1. Design vectors with signal peptides to target gene expression. 2. Extend transformation/regeneration technology to other cultivars of importance in the U.S. and Israel. 3. Transform cultivars with the endochitinase constructs developed as part of objective 1. A. Characterize foliar powdery mildew resistance in transgenic plants. Background of the topic Conventional breeding of grapevines is a slow and imprecise process. The long generation cycle, large
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Jander, Georg, and Daniel Chamovitz. Investigation of growth regulation by maize benzoxazinoid breakdown products. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600031.bard.

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Introduction Previous research had suggested that benzoxazinoids, a class of defensive metabolites found in maize, wheat, rye, and wild barley, are not only direct insect deterrents, but also influence other areas of plant metabolism. In particular, the benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxa- zin-3(4H)- one (DIMBOA) was implicated in: (i) altering plant growth by interfering with auxin signaling, and (ii) leading to the induction of gene expression changes and secondary plant defense responses. The overall goal of this proposal was to identify mechanisms by which benzoxazinoids i
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Lers, Amnon, and Pamela J. Green. LX Senescence-Induced Ribonuclease in Tomato: Function and Regulation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586455.bard.

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Natural leaf senescence, which occurs even when growth conditions are near optimal, has a negative influence on yield. Postharvest induced senescence contributes to the losses of quality in flowers, foliage, and vegetables. Strategies designed to control the senescence process in crop plants could therefore have great applied significance. However, the successful design of such strategies requires a better insight into the senescence machinery and control in higher plants. A main feature of senescence is the hydrolysis of macromolecules by hydrolases of various types such as ribonucleases (RNa
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Bar-Joseph, Moshe, William O. Dawson, and Munir Mawassi. Role of Defective RNAs in Citrus Tristeza Virus Diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575279.bard.

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This program focused on citrus tristeza virus (CTV), the largest and one of the most complex RNA-plant-viruses. The economic importance of this virus to the US and Israeli citrus industries, its uniqueness among RNA viruses and the possibility to tame the virus and eventually turn it into a useful tool for the protection and genetic improvement of citrus trees justify these continued efforts. Although the overall goal of this project was to study the role(s) of CTV associated defective (d)-RNAs in CTV-induced diseases, considerable research efforts had to be devoted to the engineering of the h
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