Relevant bibliographies by topics / Heteromorphic sex chromosome systems

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Heteromorphic sex chromosome systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Heteromorphic sex chromosome systems"

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Freedberg, Steven, Rachel M. Bowden, Michael A. Ewert, Dale R. Sengelaub, and Craig E. Nelson. "Long-term sex reversal by oestradiol in amniotes with heteromorphic sex chromosomes." Biology Letters 2, no. 3 (2006): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0454.

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Oestradiol application during embryonic development reverses the sex of male embryos and results in normal female differentiation in reptiles lacking heteromorphic sex chromosomes, but fails to do so in birds and mammals with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. It is not clear whether the evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in amniotes is accompanied by insensitivity to oestradiol, or if the association between oestradiol insensitivity and heteromorphic sex chromosomes can be attributable to phylogenetic constraints in these taxa. Turtles provide an ideal system to examine the potential rela
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Ogata, Mitsuaki, Kazuo Suzuki, Yoshiaki Yuasa, and Ikuo Miura. "Sex chromosome evolution from a heteromorphic to a homomorphic system by inter-population hybridization in a frog." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1833 (2021): 20200105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0105.

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Sex chromosomes generally evolve from a homomorphic to heteromorphic state. Once a heteromorphic system is established, the sex chromosome system may remain stable for an extended period. Here, we show the opposite case of sex chromosome evolution from a heteromorphic to a homomorphic system in the Japanese frog Glandirana rugosa. One geographic group, Neo-ZW, has ZZ-ZW type heteromorphic sex chromosomes. We found that its western edge populations, which are geographically close to another West-Japan group with homomorphic sex chromosomes of XX-XY type, showed homozygous genotypes of sex-linke
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Ma, Wen-Juan, and Paris Veltsos. "The Diversity and Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in Frogs." Genes 12, no. 4 (2021): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040483.

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Frogs are ideal organisms for studying sex chromosome evolution because of their diversity in sex chromosome differentiation and sex-determination systems. We review 222 anuran frogs, spanning ~220 Myr of divergence, with characterized sex chromosomes, and discuss their evolution, phylogenetic distribution and transitions between homomorphic and heteromorphic states, as well as between sex-determination systems. Most (~75%) anurans have homomorphic sex chromosomes, with XY systems being three times more common than ZW systems. Most remaining anurans (~25%) have heteromorphic sex chromosomes, w
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Nielsen, Stuart V., Brendan J. Pinto, Irán Andira Guzmán-Méndez, and Tony Gamble. "First Report of Sex Chromosomes in Night Lizards (Scincoidea: Xantusiidae)." Journal of Heredity 111, no. 3 (2020): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esaa007.

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Abstract Squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and amphibians) are an outstanding group for studying sex chromosome evolution—they are old, speciose, geographically widespread, and exhibit myriad sex-determining modes. Yet, the vast majority of squamate species lack heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Cataloging the sex chromosome systems of species lacking easily identifiable, heteromorphic sex chromosomes, therefore, is essential before we are to fully understand the evolution of vertebrate sex chromosomes. Here, we use restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to classify the sex chromos
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Stevens, Lewis, Manuela Kieninger, Brian Chan, et al. "The genome of Litomosoides sigmodontis illuminates the origins of Y chromosomes in filarial nematodes." PLOS Genetics 20, no. 1 (2024): e1011116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011116.

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Heteromorphic sex chromosomes are usually thought to have originated from a pair of autosomes that acquired a sex-determining locus and subsequently stopped recombining, leading to degeneration of the sex-limited chromosome. The majority of nematodes species lack heteromorphic sex chromosomes and determine sex using an X-chromosome counting mechanism, with males being hemizygous for one or more X chromosomes (XX/X0). Some filarial nematode species, including important parasites of humans, have heteromorphic XX/XY karyotypes. It has been assumed that sex is determined by a Y-linked locus in the
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Vacarizas, Joshua, Takahiro Taguchi, Takuma Mezaki, Sam Edward Manalili, Rei Kawakami, and Satoshi Kubota. "Cytogenetic evidence and dmrt linkage indicate male heterogamety in a non-bilaterian animal." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (2023): e0285851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285851.

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The diversity of sex determination systems in animals suggests that sex chromosomes evolve independently across different lineages. However, the present data on these systems is largely limited and represented mainly by bilaterian animals. Sex chromosomes and sex determination system based on cytogenetic evidence remain a mystery among non-bilaterians, the most basal animals. Here, we investigated the sex determination system of a non-bilaterian (Goniopora djiboutiensis) based on karyotypic analysis and identification of locus of dmrt1, a known master sex-determining gene in many animals. Resu
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Darolti, Iulia, Alison E. Wright, Benjamin A. Sandkam, et al. "Extreme heterogeneity in sex chromosome differentiation and dosage compensation in livebearers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 38 (2019): 19031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905298116.

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Once recombination is halted between the X and Y chromosomes, sex chromosomes begin to differentiate and transition to heteromorphism. While there is a remarkable variation across clades in the degree of sex chromosome divergence, far less is known about the variation in sex chromosome differentiation within clades. Here, we combined whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing data to characterize the structure and conservation of sex chromosome systems across Poeciliidae, the livebearing clade that includes guppies. We found that the Poecilia reticulata XY system is much older than previously t
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Crepaldi, Carolina, and Patricia P. Parise-Maltempi. "Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes and Their DNA Content in Fish: An Insight through Satellite DNA Accumulation in Megaleporinus elongatus." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 160, no. 1 (2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506265.

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The repetitive DNA content of fish sex chromosomes provides valuable insights into specificities and patterns of their genetic sex determination systems. In this study, we revealed the genomic satellite DNA (satDNA) content of Megaleporinuselongatus, a Neotropical fish species with Z1Z1Z2Z2/Z1W1Z2W2 multiple sex chromosomes, through high-throughput analysis and graph-based clustering, isolating 68 satDNA families. By physically mapping these sequences in female metaphases, we discovered 15 of the most abundant satDNAs clustered in its chromosomes, 9 of which were found exclusively in the highl
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Mezzasalma, Marcello, Fabio M. Guarino, and Gaetano Odierna. "Lizards as Model Organisms of Sex Chromosome Evolution: What We Really Know from a Systematic Distribution of Available Data?" Genes 12, no. 9 (2021): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091341.

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Lizards represent unique model organisms in the study of sex determination and sex chromosome evolution. Among tetrapods, they are characterized by an unparalleled diversity of sex determination systems, including temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and genetic sex determination (GSD) under either male or female heterogamety. Sex chromosome systems are also extremely variable in lizards. They include simple (XY and ZW) and multiple (X1X2Y and Z1Z2W) sex chromosome systems and encompass all the different hypothesized stages of diversification of heterogametic chromosomes, from homomor
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Luykx, Peter. "Variation in sex-linked interchange heterozygosity in the termite Incisitermes schwarzi Banks (Insecta: Isoptera) on the island of Jamaica." Genome 29, no. 2 (1987): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-052.

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Collections of colonies of the termite Incisitermes schwarzi from mangroves around the coast of Jamaica revealed six chromosomal types, all involving variations or rearrangements of the sex chromosomes. One of the types had a heteromorphic sex bivalent in which the Y chromosome was larger than the X. The other five races had complex interchange multiples: a chain of 11, a chain of 12, a ring of 12, a ring of 14, and a ring of 18 chromosomes. The situation is similar to that described previously for Kalotermes approximatus, another member of the family Kalotermitidae, in the southeastern United
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Heteromorphic sex chromosome systems"

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Toledo-Flores, Deborah Fernanda. "Evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes and sex determination genes: insights from monotremes." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/97382.

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Genetic sex determination systems are generally based on the presence of differentiated sex chromosomes. Birds have a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in which males are ZZ and females ZW, whereas mammals have an XX/XY system with males being XY and females XX. Monotremes have an extraordinary sex chromosome system that consists of multiple sex chromosomes: 5X5Y in platypus and 5X4Y in echidna. Intriguingly, the monotreme sex chromosomes show extensive homology to the bird ZW and not to the therian XY. However, sex determination in monotremes is still a mystery; the Y-specific Sry gene that trigger
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Book chapters on the topic "Heteromorphic sex chromosome systems"

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Clark, M. S., and W. J. Wall. "Sex chromosome systems." In Chromosomes. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0073-8_8.

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Paro, Renato, Ueli Grossniklaus, Raffaella Santoro, and Anton Wutz. "Dosage Compensation Systems." In Introduction to Epigenetics. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68670-3_4.

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AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to chromosome-wide dosage compensation systems. We will examine the evolution of dosage compensation, which is thought to be driven by the appearance of differentiated sex chromosomes. In a subset of species with X chromosomal sex determination or XY sex chromosome systems, expression of X-linked genes is regulated by chromosome-wide modifications that equalize gene expression differences between males and females. The molecular mechanisms of X chromosome-wide dosage compensation have been studied in flies, worms, and mammals. Each of these species
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Charlesworth, Deborah, and S. Guttman David. "The evolution of dioecy and plant sex chromosome systems." In Sex Determination in Plants. Garland Science, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203345993-2.

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Clark, Robin D., and Cynthia J. Curry. "Cleft Palate." In Genetic Consultations in the Newborn, edited by Robin D. Clark and Cynthia J. Curry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199990993.003.0012.

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This chapter reviews background information about the incidence, risk factors, family history, sex ratio, genetics, recurrence risk, and epidemiology of isolated and syndromic cleft palate. Microforms of cleft palate including bifid uvula, submucous cleft palate, and nasal regurgitation are described. The discussion on the differential diagnosis of cleft palate summarizes its common causes, including teratogenic agents (alcohol, maternal diabetes, valproic acid), chromosome anomalies, and Mendelian disorders associated with malformations in other organ systems. The chapter provides recommendat
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Clark, Robin D., and Cynthia J. Curry. "Clubfoot." In Genetic Consultations in the Newborn, edited by Robin D. Clark and Cynthia J. Curry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199990993.003.0029.

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This chapter reviews background information about the incidence, sex ratio, risk factors, including CVS and early amniocentesis, family history, consanguinity, genetics, recurrence risk, and epidemiology of clubfoot. The distinctive rigidity of clubfoot is compared with the more common position anomalies of the foot (metatarsus adductus) and congenital vertical talus. The discussion on the differential diagnosis of clubfoot summarizes its common causes, including teratogenic agents, chromosome anomalies, including copy number variants, and Mendelian disorders that involve associated malformati
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Clark, Robin D., and Cynthia J. Curry. "Hydrocephalus." In Genetic Consultations in the Newborn, edited by Robin D. Clark and Cynthia J. Curry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199990993.003.0018.

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This chapter reviews background information about the incidence, risk factors, sex ratio, genetics, recurrence risk, and epidemiology of isolated and syndromic hydrocephalus. Extrinsic causes of hydrocephalus are discussed including prematurity, hemorrhage, maternal Vitamin K deficiency. The discussion on the differential diagnosis of hydrocephalus summarizes its common causes, including teratogenic agents (LCMV, TORCH, parvovirus and other viral infections, isotretinoin, misoprostol), chromosome anomalies (trisomy 9, triploidy, copy number variants), and Mendelian disorder in which hydrocepha
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Rai, Vikas. "Neurons, Glial Cells and Imaging." In The Brain: A Systems Neuroscience Perspective. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815256987124010003.

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Scientists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory have investigated how embryonic stem cells become mature nerve cells. They assessed the complex interplay of molecules during the differentiation process. Consequently, new insights into the role of a protein called SOX2 in neurons emerged. This protein is expressed by a gene, SOX2, located on chromosome 3 in humans. This gene is a sex-determining Yrelated HMG box2 and serves as a marker for neural stem and progenitor cells [1]. Progenitor stem cells become neurons and glial cells. The ratio of glia to neurons in the human brain is 10:1.
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Ellison, Jay w. "SHOX and Dyschondrosteosis and Turner Syndrome." In Inborn Errors Of Development. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195306910.003.0077.

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Abstract The story of the short stature homeobox (SHOX) gene is an example of how observations of different clinical disorders can eventually converge on a single gene. The disorders in this case are dyschondrosteosis, a skeletal dysplasia; Turner syndrome, an aneuploid condition resulting from a missing sex chromosome; and idiopathic short stature (ISS). SHOX is implicated in each of these conditions, although its contribution to the phenotypes varies with respect to both level of involvement and level of experimental proof. The predicted nature of the gene product (as a DNA-binding transcrip
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Conference papers on the topic "Heteromorphic sex chromosome systems"

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Разумова, О. В., Ю. В. Бочаркина, К. Д. Боне, Д. В. Романов, А. А. Почтовый, and О. С. Александров. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REPEATING DNA FRACTIONS IN PLANTS OF THE FAMILY CANNABACEAE AND ITS ROLE IN DIFFERENTIATION OF SEX CHROMOSOMES." In Биотехнология в растениеводстве, животноводстве и сельскохозяйственной микробиологии. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48397/arriab.2021.21.xxi.067.

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Семейство Cannabaceae sensu stricto включает два рода - род Humulus и род Cannabis с единственным крайне полиморфным видом Cannabis sativa. Характерной особенностью растений данных родов является наличие в кариотипе у всех видов гетероморфных половых хромосом, что является чрезвычайно редким явлением в царстве растений, при этом данные хромосомы различны у разных видов: XX/ XY с большой Y-хромосомой у конопли посевной, XX/XY с маленькой Y-хромосомой у хмеля обыкновенного и мультихромосомная система с большими половыми хромосомами XX/XY1Y2 у хмеля японского. Такое разнообразие типов половых хро
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"Composition of sex chromosomes of veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus, Iguania, Squamata) reveals new insights into sex chromosome evolution of iguanian lizards." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/Systems Biology (BGRS/SB-2022) :. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2022-097.

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