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Garaigordobil, Maite, and Enara Larrain. "Bullying and cyberbullying in LGBT adolescents: Prevalence and effects on mental health." Comunicar 28, no. 62 (January 1, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c62-2020-07.
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Bullying and cyberbullying have negative consequences on adolescents’ mental health. The study had two objectives: 1) to analyze possible differences in sexual orientation (heterosexual and non-heterosexual) in the percentage of victims and aggressors of bullying/cyberbullying, as well as the amount of aggressive behavior suffered and carried out; 2) to compare the mental health of adolescent heterosexual and non-heterosexual victims, aggressors, cybervictims, and cyberaggressors. Participants included 1,748 adolescents from the Basque Country, aged between 13 and 17 years (52.6% girls, 47.4% boys), 12.5% non-heterosexuals, 87.5% heterosexuals, who completed 4 assessment instruments. A descriptive and comparative cross-sectional methodology was used. The results confirm that: 1) the percentage of victims and cybervictims was significantly higher in non-heterosexuals, but the percentage of heterosexual and non-heterosexual aggressors and cyberaggressors was similar; 2) non-heterosexual victims and cybervictims had suffered significantly more aggressive bullying/cyberbullying; 3) non-heterosexual victims and aggressors of bullying exhibited significantly more depression, social anxiety, and psychopathological symptoms (somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity…) than heterosexuals; 4) non-heterosexual cybervictims and cyberaggressors displayed more depression and more psychopathological symptoms, but no differences were found in social anxiety. The importance of intervening from the family, school, and society to reduce bullying/cyberbullying and enhance respect for sexual diversity is discussed. Acoso y ciberacoso tienen consecuencias muy negativas en la salud mental de los adolescentes. El estudio tuvo dos objetivos: 1) analizar si existen diferencias en función de la orientación sexual (heterosexuales y no-heterosexuales) en el porcentaje de víctimas y agresores de acoso y ciberacoso, así como en la cantidad de conducta agresiva sufrida-realizada; 2) comparar la salud mental de adolescentes heterosexuales y no-heterosexuales que han sido víctimas, agresores, cibervíctimas y ciberagresores. Participaron 1.748 adolescentes del País Vasco, entre 13 y 17 años (52,6% chicas, 47,4% chicos), 12,5% no-heterosexuales, 87,5% heterosexuales, que cumplimentaron 4 instrumentos de evaluación. Se utilizó una metodología descriptiva y comparativa transversal. Los resultados confirman que: 1) el porcentaje de víctimas y cibervíctimas fue significativamente mayor en el grupo no-heterosexual, sin embargo, el porcentaje de agresores y ciberagresores heterosexuales y no-heterosexuales fue similar; 2) víctimas y cibervíctimas no-heterosexuales habían sufrido significativamente más cantidad de conductas agresivas de acoso/ciberacoso; 3) víctimas y agresores de acoso no-heterosexuales comparados con heterosexuales tenían significativamente más depresión, ansiedad social y síntomas psicopatológicos diversos (somatización, obsesión-compulsión, sensibilidad interpersonal…); 4) cibervíctimas y ciberagresores no-heterosexuales también presentaban más depresión y más síntomas psicopatológicos diversos, sin embargo, en ansiedad social no se hallaron diferencias. El debate se centra en la importancia de intervenir desde la familia, la escuela y la sociedad, para reducir el acoso/ciberacoso y estimular el respeto por la diversidad sexual.
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Cameron, Paul, and Kirk Cameron. "What Proportion of Heterosexuals is Ex-Homosexual?" Psychological Reports 91, no. 3_suppl (December 2002): 1087–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.3f.1087.
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How many heterosexuals are ‘ex-homosexuals’? In 1984, a random sample of Dallas adults indicated that 8 (2.7%) of 294 currently heterosexual men and 4 (1.0%) of 393 currently heterosexual women said that they were ex-homosexual. Of an urban sample from 5 additional cities, 0.5% of current heterosexuals reported that they had been homosexually ‘married’. It thus appears that perhaps 1–2% of heterosexuals are ex-homosexuals. Proportionately more adults than teenagers and more men than women moved from homosexuality to heterosexuality. Of the 18 who changed, 12 became heterosexual and 6 bisexual, suggesting that perhaps two-thirds of those who abandon “being” homosexual ‘become’ heterosexual and a third ‘become’ bisexual. Because labeling oneself ‘homosexual’ is so mutable and value-laden, the term ‘omnisexual’ is suggested.
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HEAPHY, BRIAN, ANDREW K. T. YIP, and DEBBIE THOMPSON. "Ageing in a non-heterosexual context." Ageing and Society 24, no. 6 (November 2004): 881–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x03001600.
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There is increasing recognition of the importance of social and cultural differences in shaping the diversity of the ageing experience in contemporary Britain. Various social and cultural factors, such as those associated with class, ethnicity, gender and disability, influence people's living circumstances and sources of support in later life. While they have been the subject of considerable speculation, ageing in a non-heterosexual context remains remarkably under-studied. This paper examines the difference that being non-heterosexual makes to how people experience ageing and later life. It draws on quantitative and qualitative data gathered for a British study of the living circumstances of non-heterosexuals aged between the fifties and the eighties. Previous work has overwhelmingly emphasised how individuals manage their sexual identities, but this paper focuses on the factors that shape the non-heterosexual experience of ageing and later life. Particular attention is paid to the relational and community contexts in which non-heterosexuals negotiate personal ageing. This not only provides insights into the specific challenges that ageing presents for non-heterosexuals, but also offers insights into the challenges faced by ageing non-heterosexuals and heterosexuals in ‘detraditionalised’ settings.
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Savin-Williams, Ritch C. "An exploratory study of exclusively heterosexual, primarily heterosexual, and mostly heterosexual young men." Sexualities 21, no. 1-2 (February 8, 2017): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460716678559.
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Kinsey argued that sexuality exists along a continuum from exclusive attraction to one sex or the other, with degrees of gradations of nonexclusivity in-between. Other than bisexuality and, recently, mostly heterosexuality, possibilities within the nonexclusive spectrum are seldom investigated, especially among men. In two studies presented here, an additional point, primarily heterosexual, in-between exclusively heterosexual and mostly heterosexual, is proposed. The three were distinguished among 92 young men based on self-reports of three sexual indicators (attraction, fantasy, genital contact); two romantic indicators (infatuation, romantic relationship); and sexual identity. Exclusively heterosexuals differed from the other two in having lower levels of pupil dilation to same-sex (but not other-sex) pornographic stimuli and of gender nonconformity, a proxy for sexual orientation. Primarily and mostly heterosexuals did not differ from each other on either measure but did differ in the extent to which mostly heterosexuals were considerably more likely to endorse same-sex sexuality. Results supported the uniqueness of mostly heterosexual men and, descriptively, primarily heterosexual men. The second longitudinal study found the exclusively heterosexual point was the most stable. Across the three, there was greater movement toward same-sex than other-sex sexuality. This is interpreted in light of the increasing acceptance of same-sex sexuality within the millennial generation.
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Brennan, David J., Charles A. Emlet, Sarah Brennenstuhl, and Sergio Rueda. "Socio-demographic Profile of Older Adults with HIV/AIDS: Gender and Sexual Orientation Differences." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 32, no. 1 (March 2013): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980813000068.
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RÉSUMÉUtilisant des données recueillies par Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study (OCS), l’objectif principal de cette étude était de décrire les caractéristiques socio-demographiques d’un échantillon de personnes âgées (50 ans et plus) de l’Ontario (n = 1 129) vivant avec le VIH /SIDA. L’objectif secondaire était de comparer quatre sous-echantillons de PVVIH : les femmes (10,6%), les hommes heterosexuels (16,7%), les hommes homosexuels (65,8%), et les hommes bisexuels (6,9%). Ces groupes diffèrent d’une manière significative dans l’âge, l’éducation, le revenu, la nationalité, la race, et le temps passé atteints du VIH. En comparaison à d’autres groupes, les hommes gais et bisexuels (HGB) ont déclaré une stigmatisation plus baisse associée au VIH, et aussi à la stigmatisation sur la divulgation, à la stigmatisation associée à l’image negative de soi, et la stigmatisation associée aux attitudes publiques. HGB ont également signalé une meilleure qualité de vie en ce qui concerne la santé mentale, les scores plus baisses pour la dépression et des scores plus faibles pour l’ inadaptation face à la vie. Ces résultats suggèrent que les services pour les PVVIH plus âgées, y compris la formation sur le VIH pour les prestataires des services pour VIH et les gérontologues, peuvent avoir besoin de répondre aux besoins spécifiques de ces sous-populations.
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Daniel, Walter F., and Ronald A. Yeo. "Handedness and Sexual Preference: A Re-Analysis of Data Presented by Rosenstein and Bigler." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 2 (April 1993): 544–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.2.544.
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Rosenstein and Bigler reported in 1987 that sexual orientation (exclusively versus nonexclusively heterosexual) was not related to right- versus nonright-handedness. However, re-analysis of their published data indicated that nonexclusive heterosexuals were 3.13 times more likely to be nonright-handed than were exclusively heterosexual subjects ( p < .03).
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Ulrich, Markus. "Regenbogenkompetenz." Blätter der Wohlfahrtspflege 167, no. 5 (2020): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0340-8574-2020-5-163.
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Burgess, Elisabeth O., and Dawn M. Baunach. "Heterosexual Allies? Understanding Heterosexuals’ Alliance with the Gay Community." Sexuality & Culture 18, no. 4 (April 22, 2014): 936–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12119-014-9230-9.
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Kite, Mary E., and Kay Deaux. "Gender Belief Systems: Homosexuality and the Implicit Inversion Theory." Psychology of Women Quarterly 11, no. 1 (March 1987): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00776.x.
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Beliefs about the characteristics of male and female homosexuals and heterosexuals were assessed to determine the degree to which stereotypes of homosexuals are consistent with the inversion model proposed by Freud (1905) and others, i.e., the assumption that homosexuals are similar to the opposite-sex heterosexual. Results showed that people do subscribe to an implicit inversion theory wherein male homosexuals are believed to be similar to female heterosexuals, and female homosexuals are believed to be similar to male heterosexuals. These results offer additional support for a bipolar model of gender stereotyping, in which masculinity and femininity are assumed to be in opposition.
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Anderssen, Norman, and Kirsti Malterud. "Oversampling as a methodological strategy for the study of self-reported health among lesbian, gay and bisexual populations." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 45, no. 6 (July 4, 2017): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817717407.
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Aims: Epidemiological research on lesbian, gay and bisexual populations raises concerns regarding self-selection and group sizes. The aim of this research was to present strategies used to overcome these challenges in a national population-based web survey of self-reported sexual orientation and living conditions—exemplified with a case of daily tobacco smoking. Methods: The sample was extracted from pre-established national web panels. Utilizing an oversampling strategy, we established a sample including 315 gay men, 217 bisexual men, 789 heterosexual men, 197 lesbian women, 405 bisexual women and 979 heterosexual women. We compared daily smoking, representing three levels of differentiation of sexual orientation for each gender. Results: The aggregation of all non-heterosexuals into one group yielded a higher odds ratio (OR) for non-heterosexuals being a daily smoker. The aggregation of lesbian and bisexual women indicated higher OR between this group and heterosexual women. The full differentiation yielded no differences between groups except for bisexual compared with heterosexual women. Conclusions: The analyses demonstrated the advantage of differentiation of sexual orientation and gender, in this case bisexual women were the main source of group differences. We recommend an oversampling procedure, making it possible to avoid self-recruitment and to increase the transferability of findings.
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Liberman, Benjamin E., and Frank D. Golom. "Think manager, think male? Heterosexuals’ stereotypes of gay and lesbian managers." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 34, no. 7 (September 21, 2015): 566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-01-2015-0005.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the “think manager, think male” research paradigm by examining managerial stereotypes as a function of both gender and sexual orientation, thus comparing the similarity of managerial stereotypes against the stereotypes of male (heterosexual and gay) and female (heterosexual and lesbian) managers. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 163 heterosexual participants used the 92-item Descriptive Index attribute inventory to rate one of five target groups: successful managers, heterosexual male managers, heterosexual female managers, gay male managers, and lesbian female managers. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the degree of correspondence between ratings of the target groups. Findings – The findings showed a higher correspondence between the descriptions of heterosexual male or female managers and the successful manager prototype than between the descriptions of gay male managers and the successful manager prototype. Additionally, results showed that the stereotypes of lesbian female managers were seen as having a moderate level of fit with the successful manager prototype. Practical implications – The results of this study suggest that heterosexuals’ beliefs about gay male and lesbian female managers’ abilities are important. In particular, heterosexuals’ stereotypes that gay males lack the qualities of being a successful manager can limit gay men’s access to positions with managerial responsibilities and impede their progress into leadership positions. Originality/value – This study addresses a critical gap in the management literature as it is the first empirical investigation to assess whether the “think manager, think male” phenomenon holds for managers who are members of sexual minority groups.
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Bryson, Alex. "Pay equity after the Equality Act 2010: does sexual orientation still matter?" Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016664678.
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Analyses of linked employer–employee data for Britain indicate bisexual men earn 20 per cent less per hour than heterosexual men, ceteris paribus. There is no wage differential between gay and heterosexual men. Among women there is no wage gap between bisexuals and heterosexuals. However, lesbians are paid nearly 30 per cent less than heterosexual women, unless they are employed in a workplace with an equal opportunities policy which explicitly refers to sexual orientation, whereupon there is no wage gap. Workplace sorting by sexual orientation does not affect the size of the sexual orientation wage gaps.
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Spalding, Leah R., and Letitia Anne Peplau. "The Unfaithful Lover." Psychology of Women Quarterly 21, no. 4 (December 1997): 611–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00134.x.
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To examine heterosexuals' perceptions of bisexuals, 353 young adults read a description of a dating couple and rated each partner and the couple on several dimensions. The gender and sexual orientation (bisexual, heterosexual, homosexual) of each partner was varied among research participants. Compared to heterosexuals, bisexuals were seen as less likely to be monogamous, more likely to give a sexually transmitted disease (STD) to a partner, and more able to satisfy a partner sexually. Compared to gay men and lesbians, bisexuals were seen as more likely to give an STD to a partner and less able to satisfy a partner sexually. Despite their seeming behavioral compliance to heterosexual relationship norms, bisexuals in male–female relationships were not viewed more positively than bisexuals in same-gender relationships. Participants perceived male and female bisexuals similarly. Explanations for these and other findings are considered.
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Heaphy, Brian, and Andrew K. T. Yip. "‘Uneven Possibilities: Understanding Non-Heterosexual Ageing and the Implications of Social Change’." Sociological Research Online 8, no. 4 (November 2003): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.864.
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The article draws from focus group data generated for a UK study of the life circumstances of lesbians, gay men and bisexuals aged 50 and above, to consider some key elements of the conceptual framework we are developing for understanding the issue of non-heterosexual ageing. The article considers ways in which non-heterosexual ways of living have been positively evaluated as ‘prime’ experiments in late modern ways of living, and identifies three core areas (identity, relationships and community) where it has been argued that lesbian and gay lifestyles can be viewed as indicators of the implications of social change. Employing the data to discuss the notion of ‘do-it-yourself’ biographies, we identify a number of factors that work to enable and limit an empowered sense of self amongst older lesbians and gay. In doing so, we also highlight the uneven possibilities that exist for self-creation in detraditionalised settings. Non- heterosexual couples and friendships can offer distinct possibilities for ‘negotiated’ and ‘chosen’ relationships. These are not, however, uniformly adopted or created by older non- heterosexuals. Finally, our data indicates that while non- heterosexual communities can provide crucial supports and resources for their members, some older lesbians and gay men experience these communities as exclusionary. This raises a number of questions about the dynamics that facilitate inclusion or exclusion in reflexive or critical communities. While the article highlights that non- heterosexual ageing cannot be understood without reference the creative possibilities open to non-heterosexuals, and late modern individuals generally, we caution against celebratory accounts of both non-heterosexual and late modern ways of living, and of social and cultural constraints transformed, that is inherent within them.
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Hawkins, Darryl, William G. Herron, William Gibson, Geraldine Hoban, and Mary Jane Herron. "Homosexual and Heterosexual Sex-Role Orientation on Six Sex-Role Scales." Perceptual and Motor Skills 66, no. 3 (June 1988): 863–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.66.3.863.
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A comparison was made of the sex roles of homosexual and heterosexual men and women on the Bern Sex Role Inventory, Personality Attributes Questionnaire, Personality Research Form Androgyny Scale, Adjective Checklist Masculinity and Femininity Scales, Extended Personality Attributes Questionnaire and Undesirable Characteristics Scale. The results indicated that homosexuals and heterosexuals differ in their response to different aspects of sex roles. The most consistent difference was the greater femininity of male homosexuals in respect to male heterosexuals. Other differences were scale-specific and the low interscale comparability indicated such scales should not be used interchangeably. Differences between results of studies comparing sex roles of the homosexuals and heterosexuals appear attributable to sample heterogeneity and distinctions between sex-role scales.
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Aldén, Lina, Mats Hammarstedt, and Hanna Swahnberg. "Sexual Orientation and Job Satisfaction: Survey-Based Evidence from Sweden." Journal of Labor Research 41, no. 1-2 (January 8, 2020): 69–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12122-019-09297-w.
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AbstractWe present results from a unique nationwide survey conducted in Sweden on sexual orientation and job satisfaction. Our results show that gay men are more likely to be very satisfied with their job than heterosexual men, both in general and with different aspects of the job. In contrast, lesbians appear less satisfied with their job in general and with promotion prospects than heterosexual women. Among women, we find no differences in the probability of being very satisfied with the job by sexual orientation. However, the issue of sexual orientation and job satisfaction is complex since gay men, despite that they more often are very satisfied with the job, like lesbians find their job more mentally straining than heterosexuals. We conclude that gay men and lesbians are facing other stressers at work than heterosexuals do. We also conclude that the worker’s own expectations about the job and possibilities to fulfill career plans may be possible driving forces to our results. Previous research has documented discrimination against gay males and lesbians in hiring. Our results underline that measures to prevent discrimination in hiring is not enough to create an equal working life for homosexuals and heterosexuals. Measures within the workplace are also needed.
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Caceres, Billy A., Meghan Reading Turchioe, Anthony Pho, Theresa A. Koleck, Ruth Masterson Creber, and Suzanne B. Bakken. "Sexual Identity and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Awareness of Heart Attack and Stroke Symptoms: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey." American Journal of Health Promotion 35, no. 1 (June 19, 2020): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117120932471.
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Purpose: Investigate sexual identity and racial/ethnic differences in awareness of heart attack and stroke symptoms. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: 2014 and 2017 National Health Interview Survey. Sample: 54 326 participants. Measures: Exposure measures were sexual identity (heterosexual, gay/lesbian, bisexual, “something else”) and race/ethnicity. Awareness of heart attack and stroke symptoms was assessed. Analysis: Sex-stratified logistic regression analyses to examine sexual identity and racial/ethnic differences in awareness of heart attack and stroke symptoms. Results: Gay men were more likely than heterosexual men to identify calling 911 as the correct action if someone is having a heart attack (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.18-3.96). The majority of racial/ethnic minority heterosexuals reported lower rates of awareness of heart attack and stroke symptoms than White heterosexuals. Hispanic sexual minority women had lower awareness of heart attack symptoms than White heterosexual women (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.25-0.74), whereas Asian sexual minority women reported lower awareness of stroke symptoms (AOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.80). Hispanic (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.33-0.84) and Asian (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14-0.84) sexual minority men reported lower awareness of stroke symptoms than White heterosexual men. Conclusion: Hispanic and Asian sexual minorities had lower rates of awareness of heart attack and stroke symptoms. Health information technology may be a platform for delivering health education and targeted health promotion for sexual minorities of color.
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Morales Sabuco, Alexandra, José P. Espada, and Mireia Orgilés. "¿Existen diferencias en riesgo sexual entre adolescentes heterosexuales y no heterosexuales? [Are there differences in sexual risk between heterosexual and non-heterosexual adolescents?]." Acción Psicológica 10, no. 2 (June 6, 2014): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/ap.10.2.12218.
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Cooley, D. R. "Non-Heterosexuals in Heterosexual Marriages as a Form of Spousal Abuse." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 21, no. 2 (2007): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap20072123.
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DiNenno, Elizabeth A., Alexandra M. Oster, Catlainn Sionean, Paul Denning, and Amy Lansky. "Piloting a System for Behavioral Surveillance Among Heterosexuals at Increased Risk of HIV in the United States." Open AIDS Journal 6, no. 1 (September 7, 2012): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601206010169.
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Objectives: During the past decade, the number and proportion of reported HIV cases in the United States acquired through heterosexual contact has increased markedly. CDC employs the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) to monitor risk behaviors and HIV prevalence in high-risk populations. To identify a target population for conducting NHBS among heterosexuals at increased risk for HIV (NHBS-HET), CDC designed, implemented and evaluated a pilot study. Methods: The pilot study was conducted in 25 US metropolitan statistical areas in 2006-7. We recruited men and women who reported sex with at least one opposite-sex partner during the past year for a behavioral survey and HIV test. We investigated the relationship between newly diagnosed HIV infection and individual risk behaviors, sexual network characteristics, and social-structural characteristics to arrive at a definition of a heterosexual at increased risk of HIV. Results: Of 14,750 participants in the analysis, 207 (1.4%) had newly diagnosed HIV infection. Using low socioeconomic status (SES) as a criterion for defining a heterosexual at increased risk for HIV resulted in optimal rates of HIV prevalence, specificity, sensitivity and practicality. Conclusions: Results from the NHBS pilot study underscore the key role of social factors as determinants of HIV infection risk among U.S. heterosexuals, and low SES was incorporated into the definition of a heterosexual at increased risk for HIV in NHBS-HET cycles. Future cycles of NHBS-HET will help tailor prevention programs for those populations most at risk of HIV in the US.
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Veliz, Philip T., Sean Esteban McCabe, Tonda L. Hughes, Bethany G. Everett, Billy A. Caceres, and Cynthia Arslanian-Engoren. "Sexual Orientation and Hypertension Risk Reduction Behaviors Among Adults With High Blood Pressure." Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/lgbtq-2019-0011.
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IntroductionHypertension is a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States. Evidence is emerging showing disparities in CVD risk between sexual minorities and heterosexuals. Engagement in CVD risk reduction behaviors may account for differences. We examined CVD risk reduction for hypertension between sexual minorities and heterosexuals using data from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.MethodsUsing bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses, we compared medical advice and actions taken (taking medicine, changing eating habits, cutting down on sale, reducing alcohol, and exercising) to control blood pressure in sexual minority and heterosexual respondents. Analyses were conducted in 2019.ResultsApproximately 35% of the sample indicated being told by a health professional they had high blood pressure. Sexual minorities were less likely to report reduced alcohol intake to lower their blood pressure (AOR = .52, 95% CI = .30, .88). One sex-specific difference between sexual minority women and heterosexual women was found; sexual minority women were less likely to indicate being advised by a health professional to take medications to lower blood pressure when compared to heterosexual women.ConclusionsStrategies are needed to reduce alcohol consumption in sexual minority individuals. Uncovering the reasons for the lack of adherence by both sexual minority patients and healthcare providers can guide future interventions to improve adherence and reduce hypertension as a CVD risk.
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Price, James H., Diane D. Allensworth, and Kathleen S. Hillman. "Comparison of Sexual Fantasies of Homosexuals and of Heterosexuals." Psychological Reports 57, no. 3 (December 1985): 871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3.871.
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The intent of this study was to obtain data on the incidence and types of sexual fantasies of homosexuals and heterosexuals as identified by an original Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire. Participants were 142 subjects, 72 heterosexual college students (39 men and 33 women) and 70 homosexuals (39 men and 31 women) associated with gay students' organizations. Analysis of responses to the 34 sexual fantasies led to conclusions that the 10 most common sexual fantasies differed between heterosexual and homosexual men more than between heterosexual and homosexual women. Fifteen sexual fantasies were significantly different between the groups of men, with 7 fantasies reported more often by the homosexual men. Only 8 fantasy items were significantly different between the groups of women, with 2 fantasies reported more often by the homosexual women.
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Hu, S. H., Q. D. Wang, Y. Xu, and M. M. Zhang. "Hemodynamic brain response to visual sexual stimuli is different between homosexual and heterosexual men." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72635-9.
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Many studies showed the differences in subjective response to sexual stimuli between heterosexual and homosexual men. However, the underlying neurobiological factors of sexual orientation are largely unknown. We addressed the question what is the major attribution of the expected differences in brain activation, i.e. neural circuits or different cognitive process. Twenty-eight healthy male volunteers, 14 heterosexuals and 14 homosexuals, were scanned by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging while subjects were viewing different types of stimuli, i.e. heterosexual couple stimuli (HCS), gay couple stimuli (GCS), lesbian couple stimuli (LCS) and neutral stimuli (NS). SPM02 was used for data analysis. Rating of sexual attractiveness was assessed. Subjective sexual arousal was induced by HCS and GCS in heterosexual and homosexual men, respectively. And sexual disgust was induced by GCS and LCS in heterosexual and homosexual men, respectively. As compared to viewing NS, viewing sexual stimuli induced significant different brain activations most of which had characteristic for cognitive process. These observations suggested that different cognitive pattern was major attribution of different subjective response to sexual stimuli between heterosexual and homosexual men.
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MUKANDAVIRE, ZINDOGA, NOBLE J. MALUNGUZA, CHRISTINAH CHIYAKA, GODFREY MUSUKA, and JEAN M. TCHUENCHE. "HIV/AIDS MODEL ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF GENDER-INEQUALITY AFFECTING WOMEN IN AFRICAN HETEROSEXUAL SETTINGS." International Journal of Biomathematics 03, no. 01 (March 2010): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524510000878.
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A sex-structured model for heterosexual transmission of HIV/AIDS for addressing the epidemic as a gender-based issue in African heterosexual settings is presented. The epidemic threshold and equilibria for the model are determined and stabilities are investigated. Comprehensive qualitative analysis of the model including positivity and boundedness of solutions, as well as persistence are carried out. The epidemic threshold for the model is computed and used to assess the effects of gender-inequality affecting women in heterosexual settings. The obtained gender-inequality-induced reproductive number [Formula: see text] is greater than the reproductive number in the absence of gender-inequality [Formula: see text] suggesting that gender-inequality affecting women in heterosexual settings enlarges the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Numerical simulations are carried out using demographic and epidemiological parameters for Zimbabwe and the obtained results confirm that gender-inequality increases HIV/AIDS prevalence in heterosexual settings. We conclude from the study that gender-inequality affecting women among heterosexuals should be properly addressed for the effective control of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
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King, Michael, Eamonn McKeown, James Warner, Angus Ramsay, Katherine Johnson, Clive Cort, Lucie Wright, Robert Blizard, and Oliver Davidson. "Mental health and quality of life of gay men and lesbians in England and Wales." British Journal of Psychiatry 183, no. 06 (December 2003): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.183.6.552.
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BackgroundLittle is known about the mental health of gay men and lesbians living in Europe.AimsTo compare psychological status, quality of life and use of mental health services by lesbians and gay men with heterosexual people.MethodCross-sectional study in England and Wales using ‘snowball’ sampling.ResultsParticipants: 656 gay men, 505 heterosexual men, 430 lesbians and 588 heterosexual women. Gay men were more likely than heterosexual men to score above threshold on the Clinical Interview Schedule, indicating greater levels of psychological distress (RR 1.24, 95% Cl 1.07–1.43), as were lesbians compared with heterosexual women (RR 1.30, 95% Cl 1.11-1.52). Gay men and lesbians were more likely than heterosexuals to have consulted a mental health professional in the past, deliberately harmed themselves and used recreational drugs. Lesbians were more likely to have experienced verbal and physical intimidation and to consume more alcohol than heterosexual women.ConclusionsAwareness of mental health issues for gay men and lesbians should become a standard part of training for mental health professionals, who need to be aware of the potential for substance misuse and self-harm in this group and of the discrimination experienced by many lesbians.
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King, Michael, Eamonn McKeown, James Warner, Angus Ramsay, Katherine Johnson, Clive Cort, Lucie Wright, Robert Blizard, and Oliver Davidson. "Mental health and quality of life of gay men and lesbians in England and Wales." British Journal of Psychiatry 183, no. 6 (December 2003): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/03-207.
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BackgroundLittle is known about the mental health of gay men and lesbians living in Europe.AimsTo compare psychological status, quality of life and use of mental health services by lesbians and gay men with heterosexual people.MethodCross-sectional study in England and Wales using ‘snowball’ sampling.ResultsParticipants: 656 gay men, 505 heterosexual men, 430 lesbians and 588 heterosexual women. Gay men were more likely than heterosexual men to score above threshold on the Clinical Interview Schedule, indicating greater levels of psychological distress (RR 1.24, 95% Cl 1.07–1.43), as were lesbians compared with heterosexual women (RR 1.30, 95% Cl 1.11-1.52). Gay men and lesbians were more likely than heterosexuals to have consulted a mental health professional in the past, deliberately harmed themselves and used recreational drugs. Lesbians were more likely to have experienced verbal and physical intimidation and to consume more alcohol than heterosexual women.ConclusionsAwareness of mental health issues for gay men and lesbians should become a standard part of training for mental health professionals, who need to be aware of the potential for substance misuse and self-harm in this group and of the discrimination experienced by many lesbians.
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Aversa, F., F. Tripodi, F. M. Nimbi, R. Baiocco, and C. Simonelli. "Attitudes towards Same-Sex Marriage and Parenting: Association with Sexism, Homophobia and Internalized Sexual Stigma." Klinička psihologija 9, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21465/2016-kp-op-0034.
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Objective: Several researches investigated the attitudes of heterosexuals and LGBT people towards marriage and parenting of lesbians and gays. The objective of the present study is to explore the correlation between these attitudes and levels of sexism, social homophobia and internalized sexual stigma. Design and Method: The participants were 826 (534 F, 292 M), aged between 17 and 70. 59,8% defined him/her-self as “exclusively heterosexual”, 29,2% as “exclusively homosexual” and 11% as “bisexual”. The following tests have been administered: Questionnaire on socio-demographic Information, Ambivalent Sexism Inventory; Measure of Internalized Sexual Stigma for Lesbians and Gays; Modern Homophobia Scale, The Katuzny Same-sex Marriage Scale; D’Amore and Green Same-sex Parenting Scale. Results: Positive correlations have been found between: sexism and homophobia (r = .378; p < .01) and sexism and internalized sexual stigma (r = .320; p < .01). Male subjects obtained higher scores in sexism (F(1,559) = 15,555; p < .01) and homophobia (F(1,559) = 44,977; p < .01). Heterosexuals were significantly less favorable regarding gay and lesbian marriage (F(1,821) = 96,936; p < .05) and parenthood (F(1,821) = 84,260; p < .05) compared to the non-heterosexuals. Heterosexual males were the most unfavorable towards parenting (F(1,821) = 4,786; p < .05). Conclusions: The results offer a contribution to scientific research which still has significant gaps regarding the attitude-associated variables towards marriage and parenting of people of the same gender. Sexual education at schools and clinic supervision interventions should take these evidences into account.
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Hergovich, Andreas, Elisabeth Ratky, and Marc Stollreiter. "Attitudes toward HIV-positives in dependence on their sexual orientation * Footnote. The author wishes to thank Margit E. Oswald and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper." Swiss Journal of Psychology 62, no. 1 (March 2003): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//1421-0185.62.1.37.
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Homosexual HIV-positives suffer under a double stigma. Moreover, many heterosexuals still associate HIV/AIDS with homosexuality ( Herek & Capitanio, 1999 ). This study examined the connection between belief in a just world, sexual morality and values on the one hand and attitudes towards HIV-positives on the other. Hundred and ninety-nine subjects evaluated an HIV-positive target (homosexual for half of the subjects, heterosexual for the other half) by means of a semantic differential. Results: in general, homosexual HIV-positives were evaluated more negatively than heterosexual HIV-positives. A moderated regression analysis showed a significant effect of values on the rating of the target.
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Zietsch, B. P., K. J. H. Verweij, A. C. Heath, P. A. F. Madden, N. G. Martin, E. C. Nelson, and M. T. Lynskey. "Do shared etiological factors contribute to the relationship between sexual orientation and depression?" Psychological Medicine 42, no. 3 (August 26, 2011): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711001577.
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BackgroundGays, lesbians and bisexuals (i.e. non-heterosexuals) have been found to be at much greater risk for many psychiatric symptoms and disorders, including depression. This may be due in part to prejudice and discrimination experienced by non-heterosexuals, but studies controlling for minority stress, or performed in very socially liberal countries, suggest that other mechanisms must also play a role. Here we test the viability of common cause (shared genetic or environmental etiology) explanations of elevated depression rates in non-heterosexuals.MethodA community-based sample of adult twins (n=9884 individuals) completed surveys investigating the genetics of psychiatric disorder, and were also asked about their sexual orientation. Large subsets of the sample were asked about adverse childhood experiences such as sexual abuse, physical abuse and risky family environment, and also about number of older brothers, paternal and maternal age, and number of close friends. Data were analyzed using the classical twin design.ResultsNon-heterosexual males and females had higher rates of lifetime depression than their heterosexual counterparts. Genetic factors accounted for 31% and 44% of variation in sexual orientation and depression respectively. Bivariate analysis revealed that genetic factors accounted for a majority (60%) of the correlation between sexual orientation and depression. In addition, childhood sexual abuse and risky family environment were significant predictors of both sexual orientation and depression, further contributing to their correlation.ConclusionsNon-heterosexual men and women had elevated rates of lifetime depression, partly due to shared etiological factors, although causality cannot be definitively resolved.
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Daniels, David G., Phillip Kell, Mark R. Nelson, and Simon E. Barton. "Sexual Behaviour Amongst Travellers: A Study of Genitourinary Medicine Clinic Attenders." International Journal of STD & AIDS 3, no. 6 (November 1992): 437–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249200300608.
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Two hundred and fifty attendees at two London genitourinary medicine clinics were asked to complete an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, enquiring about sexual behaviour whilst abroad. Two hundred and forty-three questionnaires were evaluable. In the study group there were 116 women, and 127 men (62 heterosexuals and 65 homosexuals). Ninety women, 53 heterosexual men and 53 homosexual men had travelled abroad over the preceding 6 months. Of these 18 (20%) of women, 26 (51%) of heterosexual men and 19 (36%) of homosexual men had sex with a local foreign contact on holiday. Although both heterosexual and homosexual men were statistically more likely to have sex abroad with a local inhabitant, women were more likely to have unprotected sexual intercourse with a local partner. This has important implications for the spread of sexually transmitted disease including hepatitis B and HIV.
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CORONA, R., T. STROFFOLINI, A. GIGLIO, R. COTICHINI, M. E. TOSTI, G. PRIGNANO, A. DI CARLO, A. MAINI, and A. MELE. "Lack of evidence for increased risk of hepatitis A infection in homosexual men." Epidemiology and Infection 123, no. 1 (August 1999): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899002678.
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In 1997, prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection were evaluated in 146 homosexual and 286 heterosexual men attending a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Clinic in Rome, Italy. Total HAV antibody (anti-HAV) was detected in 60·3% of homosexuals and 62·2% of heterosexuals. After adjustment for the confounding effects of age, years of schooling, number of sexual partners, use of condoms, and history of STD, homosexuals were not found to be at increased risk of previous HAV exposure than heterosexuals (OR 1·1; 95% CI 0·7–1·9). Independent predictors of the likelihood of anti-HAV seropositivity among homosexuals and heterosexuals were: age older than 35 years and positive syphilis serology which is likely a proxy of lifestyles that increase the risk of faecal–oral infections.These findings do not support a higher risk in homosexual men but could suggest a role for the vaccination of susceptible patients attending STD clinics.
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Martínez Gómez, Naiara, Rafael Ballester Arnal, Cristina Giménez García, Estefanía Ruiz Palomino, and Juan Enrique Nebot García. "Preocupación asociada al descubrimiento de la orientación sexual." Revista INFAD de Psicología. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. 1, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2020.n1.v1.1804.
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El nivel de aceptación por parte de la sociedad sobre la diversidad afectivo-sexual influye directamente en la vivencia de las personas LGTBI. El hecho de tener que ocultar la propia orientación sexual o vivirla con elevada preocupación fomenta el desarrollo de homofobia interiorizada, con los consiguientes problemas de salud mental que ésta produce. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar las diferencias existentes entre adolescentes y población joven en relación a la vivencia y la preocupación por la propia orientación sexual. Para ello contamos con una muestra de 140 adolescentes y jóvenes (65% mujeres y 35% hombres) entre 12 y 25 años, de dos centros públicos de educación secundaria de la provincia de Castellón. Los participantes cumplimentaron un cuestionario on-line desarrollado ad hoc de 52 ítems. Para este estudio hemos seleccionado los 3 ítems que evalúan la vivencia y la preocupación por la orientación sexual. Ya entre los 12 y 18 años, un 1.1% de adolescentes se siente bisexual, un 3% homosexual, un 4% tiene dudas y un 14% no siente atracción sexual por ningún sexo. Las personas no heterosexuales mostraron mayor preocupación al darse cuenta de su orientación que las personas heterosexuales (un 45.5% frente a un 3.4%) siendo estas diferencias significativas estadísticamente (χ² = 40.505; p£.001). Al analizar la preocupación por su orientación en la actualidad, en el caso de heterosexuales se mantiene en un 3.5% frente a un 31.8% de no heterosexuales (χ² = 23.838; p£.001). Aunque las diferencias no resultaron estadísticamente significativas (χ² = .404; p= .525), observamos que los adolescentes (12-18 años) no heterosexuales presentan menos preocupación que los jóvenes no heterosexuales de entre 19 a 25 años (75% frente a un 61.5%). En cuanto a la edad en que se dieron cuenta de su orientación, en las personas no heterosexuales fue posterior (M=10.45; DT=6.43) que en las heterosexuales (M=5.74; DT=5.04) siendo estas diferencias estadísticamente significativas (t= 3.84; £.001). Finalmente, las personas no heterosexuales, cuanto más tarde se dieron cuenta de su orientación sexual, más preocupación mostraban en la actualidad. Estos resultados muestran que todavía jóvenes y adolescentes presentan preocupación sobre su propia orientación sexual, sobre todo cuando la identificación como no heterosexual se hace a una edad más tardía. Resaltamos la importancia de normalizar la diversidad afectivo-sexual, y la necesidad de romper con la heteronormatividad, para que identificarse como no heterosexual no implique ningún tipo de preocupación que puede ser la antesala de problemas de salud mental.
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Kindle, Peter A., and Stephen Erich. "Perceptions of Social Support among Heterosexual and Homosexual Adopters." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 86, no. 4 (October 2005): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3459.
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Social support is a key variable in adoptive family functioning, however, few have addressed this in reference to gay and lesbian adoptive families. Comparison of responses between gay and lesbian adoptees (n = 47) with heterosexual adoptees (n = 25) on a modified version of the Family Support Scale did not indicate differences in overall levels of family support. Differences did exist between the levels of social support in individual categories with heterosexuals relying on my relatives and my own children and gay and lesbians relying on partners and day care centers. Results supported the hypothesis that heterosexual adoptive parents relied more on family, but did not support the hypothesis that gay and lesbian adoptive parents relied more on friends.
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Doan, Long, Annalise Loehr, and Lisa R. Miller. "Formal Rights and Informal Privileges for Same-Sex Couples." American Sociological Review 79, no. 6 (November 19, 2014): 1172–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122414555886.
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Attitudes toward gay rights have liberalized over the past few decades, but scholars know less about the extent to which individuals in the United States exhibit subtle forms of prejudice toward lesbians and gays. To help address this issue, we offer a conceptualization of formal rights and informal privileges. Using original data from a nationally representative survey experiment, we examine whether people distinguish between formal rights (e.g., partnership benefits) and informal privileges (e.g., public displays of affection) in their attitudes toward same-sex couples. Results show that heterosexuals are as willing to extend formal rights to same-sex couples as they are to unmarried heterosexual couples. However, they are less willing to grant informal privileges. Lesbians and gays are more willing to extend formal rights to same-sex couples, but they too are sometimes more supportive of informal privileges for heterosexual couples. We also find that heterosexuals’ attitudes toward marriage more closely align with their attitudes toward informal privileges than formal rights, whereas lesbians and gays view marriage similarly to both formal rights and informal privileges. Our findings highlight the need to examine multiple dimensions of sexual prejudice to help understand how informal types of prejudice persist as minority groups receive formal rights.
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Carter, Simon, Kate Horn, Graham Hart, Martin Dunbar, Anne Scoular, and Sally Macintyre. "The sexual behaviour of international travellers at two Glasgow GUM clinics." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971920055.
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A survey of patients attending 2 Glasgow genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics was conducted in 2 3-month periods in 1993 and 1994. Three hundred and twenty-five attendees who had travelled abroad in the preceding 3 months completed anonymous self-administered questionnaires about their sexual behaviour during these recent journeys abroad. There were 112 women and 213 men (185 heterosexuals and 28 homosexuals). Twenty-two (19.6%) women, 56 (31%) heterosexual men and 13 (42%) homesexual men had a sexual contact with a new partner while abroad. Of those who had had a new sexual contact abroad, 11 women (50% of those who had sex with a new partner) and 33 heterosexual men (59% of those who had sex with a new partner) were inconsistent users of condoms. Analysis of data found that homosexual and heterosexual men, and business travellers, are at increased risk of exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection, and should be targeted with safer sex health promotion prior to travel.
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Risser, J. M. H., P. Padgett, M. Wolverton, and W. L. Risser. "Relationship between heterosexual anal sex, injection drug use and HIV infection among black men and women." International Journal of STD & AIDS 20, no. 5 (May 2009): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008394.
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US blacks carry a disproportionate risk of heterosexually transmitted HIV. This study aimed to evaluate the association between self-reported heterosexual anal intercourse and HIV. Using respondent-driven sampling (RDS), we recruited and interviewed 909 blacks from areas of high poverty and HIV prevalence in Houston, Texas, and who reported heterosexual sex in the last year. All individuals were tested for HIV. Weighted prevalence values were calculated to account for non-random recruitment associated with RDS. The weighted population prevalence of HIV infection was 2.4% and 2.5% among men and women, respectively. Education, employment status, income and crack cocaine use were not associated with HIV infection. Lifetime injection drug use (odds ratio [OR] 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–8.33%) and heterosexual anal intercourse (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.02–5.73%) were associated with HIV infection. Individuals who reported both injection drug use and heterosexual anal intercourse had 6.21 increased odds of HIV (95% CI 2.47–15.61%). Our results suggest that heterosexual anal sex may be a vector for HIV transmission, especially in the context of injection drug use. Prevention strategies directed at curbing the HIV epidemic among black heterosexuals require that we correctly identify the risks so that appropriate interventions can be developed.
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Cameron, Paul, and Kirk Cameron. "Homosexual Parents: A Comparative Forensic Study of Character and Harms to Children." Psychological Reports 82, no. 3_suppl (June 1998): 1155–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3c.1155.
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40 appeals cases of custody disputes drawn systematically from all cases involving a homosexual parent in the United States were compared to 38 appeals cases involving heterosexual custody disputes drawn randomly from listings under parental “character” and 18 appeals cases drawn randomly from “general” cases in Dicennial Digest from 1966 to 1991. Each case involving homosexual vs heterosexual claimants was examined for recorded information about (1) the character of the homosexual parent, the associates of the homosexual parent, the heterosexual parent, and the associates of the heterosexual parent, (2) the effects, particularly harms, upon the child(ren), and (3) psychiatric opinion. 82% of the homosexual vs 18% of the heterosexual parents and 54% of the homosexual's associates vs 19% of the heterosexuals' associates were recorded as having poor character in cases involving a homosexual claimant. Of the 66 recorded harms, e.g., molestation, physical abuse, to the 73 children, homosexual persons accounted for 64 (97%). Of the 32 lesbians, 6 were recorded as having engaged in criminal activity and 3 of bringing false charges of child sexual abuse against the father. Psychiatric opinion, however, ran 25 to 12 in favor of custody for the homosexual parent. In the 56 heterosexual vs heterosexual comparison cases, 38% of the heterosexual parents and 28% of their associates were recorded as having poor character. Six harms to their 105 children and 3 instances of criminality but no false charges of sexual abuse were recorded. In the appeals court literature, homosexual parents were disproportionately of poor character and disproportionately associated with various harms to their children.
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SERRA-PLADEVALL, J., M. J. BARBERÁ, A. E. CALLARISA, R. BARTOLOMÉ-COMAS, and A. ANDREU. "Differences in Neisseria gonorrhoeae population structure and antimicrobial resistance pattern between men who have sex with men and heterosexuals." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 2 (October 19, 2016): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881600234x.
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SUMMARYThis study compared the antimicrobial susceptibility and genotypes of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from men who have sex with men (MSM) and from heterosexuals. One hundred and eleven strains were characterized from 107 patients, comprising 57 strains from 54 heterosexuals and 54 strains from 53 MSM. Antimicrobial resistance rates were higher in strains from heterosexual patients, with resistance to cefixime (P = 0·0159) and ciprofloxacin (P = 0·002) being significantly higher. Typing by N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) showed that the most prevalent sequence types (ST) and genogroups (G) respectively were ST2400, ST2992, and ST5793, and G1407, G2992, and G2400. A statistically significant association was observed for MSM and genogroups G2400 (P = 0·0005) and G2992 (P = 0·0488), and G1407 with heterosexuals (P = 0·0002). We conclude that in our region distinct populations of gonococci are circulating among subjects with different sexual practices, with their corresponding transmission patterns. Furthermore, the high prevalence of genotype G2400 in MSM, has not to our knowledge been previously described.
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Ballesteros, J., R. Dal-Ré, A. González, and J. Del Romero. "Are homosexual males a risk group for hepatitis A infection in intermediate endemicity areas?" Epidemiology and Infection 117, no. 1 (August 1996): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800001242.
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SummaryThe purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of antibody against hepatitis A (anti-HAV) in a population of homosexual men compared with that of heterosexual men in an area of intermediate HAV endemicity (Madrid, Spain). A total of 148 patients were recruited in a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic: 74 homosexuals (mean age of 28±5 years) and 74 heterosexuals (29±5 years). The prevalence of anti-HAV antibody was 47% and 43% for homo-and heterosexuals, respectively. Among the factors evaluated (age, sexual orientation and practices, travel to high HAV endemicity areas) oral-anal contact was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of anti-HAV antibody (odds ratio, 2·8; 95% confidence interval, 1·1–7·4;P= 0·03). These results indicated that in an area of intermediate endemicity young homosexual men are not at increased risk of having acquired hepatitis A infection than heterosexuals. Oral–anal contact is an independent risk factor that influences the presence of anti-HAV antibody, regardless of sexual orientation.
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Garza-Figueroa, Karen Alejandra, Ernesto Octavio Lopez-Ramirez, Maria Guadalupe Villarreal-Treviño, Guadalupe Elizabeth Morales-Martinez, and Yanko Norberto Mezquita-Hoyos. "Functional Judgment of Young Mexican Heterosexuals’ Judgment towards Gay, Lesbian and Heterosexual Adoption." Psychology 07, no. 14 (2016): 1785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2016.714166.
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Currin, Joseph M., Randolph D. Hubach, Colton Brown, and Samuel Farley. "Impact of non-heterosexual impulses on heterosexuals’ attitudes towards monogamy and casual sex." Psychology & Sexuality 7, no. 3 (April 4, 2016): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2016.1168313.
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Woodhead, C., B. Gazard, M. Hotopf, Q. Rahman, K. A. Rimes, and S. L. Hatch. "Mental health among UK inner city non-heterosexuals: the role of risk factors, protective factors and place." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 25, no. 5 (August 12, 2015): 450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796015000645.
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Background.Sexual minorities experience excess psychological ill health globally, yet the UK data exploring reasons for poor mental health among sexual minorities is lacking. This study compares the prevalence of a measure of well-being, symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD), lifetime suicidal ideation, harmful alcohol and drug use among inner city non-heterosexual and heterosexual individuals. It is the first UK study which aims to quantify how much major, everyday and anticipated discrimination; lifetime and childhood trauma; and coping strategies for dealing with unfair treatment, predict excess mental ill health among non-heterosexuals. Further, inner city and national outcomes are compared.Methods.Self-report survey data came from the South East London Community Health study (N = 1052) and the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (N = 7403).Results.Adjustments for greater exposure to measured experiences of discrimination and lifetime and childhood trauma had a small to moderate impact on effect sizes for adverse health outcomes though in fully adjusted models, non-heterosexual orientation remained strongly associated with CMD, lifetime suicidal ideation, harmful alcohol and drug use. There was limited support for the hypothesis that measured coping strategies might mediate some of these associations. The inner city sample had poorer mental health overall compared with the national sample and the discrepancy was larger for non-heterosexuals than heterosexuals.Conclusions.Childhood and adult adversity substantially influence but do not account for sexual orientation-related mental health disparities. Longitudinal work taking a life course approach with more specific measures of discrimination and coping is required to further understand these associations. Sexual minorities should be considered as a priority in the design and delivery of health and social services.
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Xu, Yin, and Yong Zheng. "Does Sexual Orientation Precede Childhood Sexual Abuse? Childhood Gender Nonconformity as a Risk Factor and Instrumental Variable Analysis." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 8 (November 29, 2015): 786–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215618378.
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Research suggests that there is a relation between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adulthood nonheterosexual orientation. To explore whether nonheterosexual orientation increases the risk of CSA, we recruited a large sample, added the variable of childhood gender nonconformity (CGNC), and applied the instrumental variable method. We found that heterosexual and nonheterosexual men who were more gender nonconforming in childhood were significantly more likely to report having a history of CSA than their gender-conforming counterparts. There was no relation between CSA and CGNC for heterosexual and nonheterosexual women. The instrumental variable analysis revealed that the increased prevalence of CSA experienced by nonheterosexuals compared with heterosexuals may be due to the influence of sexual orientation on CSA. In sum, the results suggest that nonheterosexuality may increase the risk of childhood sexual abuse.
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Yunita, Nivea Vila, Kadek Suranata, and Ni Ketut Suarni. "Model Konseling Psikoanalisa dengan Teknik Asosiasi Bebas untuk Meminimalisir Self Heteroseksual." Jurnal Ilmiah Bimbingan Konseling Undiksha 10, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 09. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jibk.v10i1.22209.
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This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of psychoanalysis counseling with free association techniques to minimize self heteroseksual class VIII B in SMP Negeri 3 Singaraja. The research design used is Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Sampling of this research using intaq group with the number of members as much as 74 students, each divided into 37 students experimental group with 37 students control group. Analysis methods used were (1) Rasch analysis to transform logit scale data, (2) t-brunning to calculate the effectiveness of counseling model of psychoanalysis with free association technique, and (3) t-test to know the effect difference between psychoanalytic counseling model with guidance of classical counseling to heterosexuals in students. The results showed that (a) psychoanalysis counseling with effective free association technique to minimize heterosexual self with thitung > ttable (212,7 > 1,688), (b) There is difference of effectiveness of psychoanalytic counseling model heterosexual effect size 508,35 with guidance of classical counseling to efeect size 0,19 Keywords: Rasch, Analysis, Associations, technique, Psychoanalysis, Counseling, Self Heterosexual
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Lusk, M. Josephine, Ruby N. N. Uddin, Monica M. Lahra, Frances L. Garden, Ratan L. Kundu, and Pam Konecny. "Pharyngeal Gonorrhoea in Women: An Important Reservoir for Increasing Neisseria gonorrhoea Prevalence in Urban Australian Heterosexuals?" Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2013 (June 26, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/967471.
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We aim to characterize sexual behavioral aspects of heterosexual Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG) acquisition in two Sexually Transmitted Diseases clinics in Sydney, Australia, in 2008–2012. Of 167 NG cases, 102 were heterosexually acquired with a trend of increasing NG prevalence in heterosexuals from 1.1% (95% CI 0.6–2.1) in 2008 to 3.0% (95% CI 2.0–4.0) in 2012 (P=0.027). Of heterosexual male cases, unprotected fellatio was the likely sexual activity for NG acquisition in 21/69 (30.4%) and commercial sex work (CSW) contact the likely source in 28/69 (40.6%). NG prevalence overall in CSW (2.2%) was not significantly higher than in non-CSW (1.2%) (P=0.15), but in 2012 there was a significant increase in NG prevalence in CSW (8.6%) compared to non-CSW (1.6%) (P<0.001). Pharyngeal NG was found in 9/33 (27.3%) female cases. Decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (MIC ≥ 0.03 mg/L) occurred in 2.5% NG isolates, none heterosexually acquired. All were azithromycin susceptible. A significant trend of increasing prevalence of heterosexual gonorrhoea in an urban Australian STD clinic setting is reported. We advocate maintenance of NG screening in women, including pharyngeal screening in all women with partner change who report fellatio, as pharyngeal NG may be an important reservoir for heterosexual transmission. Outreach to CSW should be enhanced.
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Nila, Sarah, Pierre-Andre Crochet, Julien Barthes, Puji Rianti, Berry Juliandi, Bambang Suryobroto, and Michel Raymond. "Male Homosexual Preference: Femininity and the Older Brother Effect in Indonesia." Evolutionary Psychology 17, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 147470491988070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704919880701.
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Male homosexual preference (MHP) is an evolutionary enigma because it is partially heritable and imposes a fertility cost. In occidental societies, homosexual men are feminized at various levels and they have more older brothers than heterosexual men. To evaluate whether femininity and the fraternal birth order (FBO) effect are universal features of MHP or not, we collected original data from homosexual men, heterosexual men, and heterosexual women from Java (Indonesia). Facial photographs were used to test whether homosexual faces are feminized when compared with heterosexual ones. We found that faces manipulated to resemble the average face of homosexual men are perceived as facially feminized, suggesting that homosexual men are facially feminized compared to heterosexual men, although a higher facial femininity was not captured by morphological analyses. Then, family data were used to detect differences in siblings’ composition between homosexuals and heterosexuals. Homosexual men displayed a higher number of older brothers than heterosexual men, even when sibship size was controlled for, suggesting that the FBO effect exists in Indonesian populations. Independent of sexual orientation, men with older brothers seem more feminized than those without older brothers, consistent with the immune origin of the FBO effect. In conclusion, MHP in Indonesia is partially feminized and they have more older brothers. Such features are also associated with MHP in other cultural contexts, suggesting a cross-cultural effect of men homosexual preference. An evolutionary explanation is available for the feminizing effect, although the FBO effect remains unexplained even if proximal mechanisms start to be identified.
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Goldstein, J. "The neurobiology of sexual orientation." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73248-5.
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IntroductionHomosexuality is a constantly debated issue as to whether it is determined at birth or a choice (nature vs. nurture). The works of the Kinsey Reports and Dr. Evelyn Hooker published in the 1950s resulted in the removal of homosexuality from the DSM4 in 1973. Since then, it has been mentioned as an illness only in the context of being a putative exacerbating factor in anxiety states. Recent studies reveal a clear cut neurobiology to sexual orientation.MethodsNeurobiologist Simon LeVay conducted a study of brain tissue samples from 41 human autopsies performed at several hospitals in New York and California. He found a significant size difference of the interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus between homosexual and heterosexual men.ResultsIn addition, Dr. Ivanka Savic-Berglund and Dr. Per Lindström of the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, performed fMRI and PET measurements of cerebral blood flow. Using volumetric studies, they found significant cerebral size differences between homosexual and heterosexual subjects; the brains of homosexual men resembled heterosexual women and homosexual women resembled heterosexual men. Pheromonal studies also have added to the scientific knowledge of sexuality. Sex-atypical connections were found among homosexual participants. Amygdala connectivity differences were found to be statistically significant and provided evidence towards sexual dimorphism between heterosexual and homosexual subjects. Extensive controls were performed during testing to exclude analytical variability.ConclusionsA totally evidence-based medicine presentation will provide current data regarding homosexuality showing differences, or similarities, between the brains of homosexuals and heterosexuals.
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Barreto, Idaly, Marithza Sandoval, and Omar Fernando Cortés. "Prácticas de consumo y estilo de vida de la población LGTB* de Bogotá**." Diversitas 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/s1794-9998.2010.0001.13.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">El presente estudio corresponde a un diseño no experimental transeccional con niveles de análisis descriptivo, comparativo y correlacional de los subgrupos de la población LGBT y de la población heterosexual residente en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Se elaboró una encuesta y se aplicó a 639 personas de la comunidad LGBT y heterosexual, con el propósito de identificar las prácticas de consumo (patrón de gastos en vivienda, servicios públicos, hogar, etc.) y estilo de vida (prácticas deportivas y esparcimiento, entre otras). Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias en el estilo de vida entre los grupos del colectivo LGBT, y entre éste y los heterosexuales. No obstante, estas diferencias son específicas y no pueden atribuirse exclusivamente a la orientación sexual. En lo que se refiere a las prácticas de consumo se encontró que existen muchas más similaridades que diferencias entre mujeres y hombres homosexuales en comparación con sus contrapartes heterosexuales, indicando que el consumo está más asociado con variables de tipo demográfico que con la orientación sexual como tal.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Palabras clave: </strong>psicología del consumidor, consumo, LGBT.</p>
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Koeppel, Maria D. H., and Leana Bouffard. "Sexual Orientation, Child Abuse, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization." Violence and Victims 29, no. 3 (2014): 436–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00169.
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Research has consistently found rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) in nonheterosexual relationships to be comparable or higher than rates of IPV in heterosexual relationship. Less is understood about the relationship between child abuse, sexual orientation, and IPV victimization. The role of sexual orientation in the relationship between child abuse and IPV victimization is important to consider given research has found higher rates of childhood abuse among nonheterosexual individuals. In addition, the relationship between child abuse victimization and IPV victimization in adulthood has also been documented. This research extends the literature on IPV by comparing child abuse victimization as a predictor for IPV between heterosexual and nonheterosexual IPV victims. Using the National Violence Against Women Survey, this study used logistic regression models to find partial support for the hypothesis that nonheterosexuals who experience child abuse will be more likely to be IPV victims as adults than similarly situated heterosexuals.
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Andrews, Stanley. "Straight Sex and the Stigma of HIV/AIDS: Support Groups on the Gold Coast." Practicing Anthropology 15, no. 4 (September 1, 1993): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.15.4.g206h7281667553p.
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HIV and AIDS in the United States is changing from what has been perceived as a gay man's and intravenous drug user's disease to an epidemic with a profile more characteristic of third world countries. Recent figures released by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control show that more heterosexuals, male and female, are being claimed by HIV/AIDS; at least 10 percent of HIV cases and about 7 percent of AIDS cases are now attributed to heterosexual transmission. Additionally, persons afflicted with HIV/AIDS increasingly are poorly educated, low-income, minority women, men, and children.