Academic literature on the topic 'Heterotopi'

Heterotopic gray matter has been implicated in epilepsy; however, not much is known regarding heterotopia beyond epilepsy. Here, the authors describe 2 pediatric patients with deep heterotopias contiguous with basal ganglia structures. These heterotopias appear to have manifested as movement disorders. One patient presented with a left-sided myoclonus and choreiform movements associated with a right caudate heterotopia; she experienced vast improvement after resection of periventricular heterotopia. The other patient presented with progressive dystonia and a ballistic movement disorder. Initial bilateral globus pallidus internus stimulation resulted in successful treatment of the dystonia; however, her movement disorder worsened. After an extensive workup, including STATISCOM (statistical ictal SPECT coregistered to MR imaging), the patient underwent cortical stimulation with improvement in her movement disorder. To the best of our knowledge, these cases are the first reported instances of heterotopic gray matter associated with movement disorders. Both patients experienced significant improvements following resection of their heterotopias.

This article explores how the different forms of heterotopias present in Richard Flanagan’s Wanting (2008) and Lloyd Jones’s Mister Pip (2006) articulate problematic identity politics and cultural memory. In Wanting, the collocation of Mathinna’s story with that of the lost Franklin expedition offers a form of reclaiming. This article argues that Flanagan’s novel moves from heterotopias of deviation to a crisis heterotopia, displacing and debunking the compensation function of the colonial heterotopia to highlight the crushing of Aboriginal identity. This shifting heterotopia is doubled by Mathinna’s heterotopic carceral body, that is, body as confined space, which qualifies the act of reclaiming. In Mister Pip, heterotopias concern cultural memory as the island of Bougainville, secluded from the rest of the world, turns into the repository of the villagers’ culture juxtaposed with the reading of Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations (1860–1861). This article argues that Jones’s creation of a palimpsestic heterotopia allows him to resist Eurocentric views as well as to actualize postcolonial concepts. Jones’s novel calls for a dynamic appropriation of literature. Matilda’s ‘Pacific version’ of Pip’s story reflects the cracks in the Victorian and contemporary exploitations of the island. Readers’ immersions in these heterotopias do not provide an escape from but a thoughtful commitment to the past.

Heterotopia is defined as the presence of mature, histologically normal, tissue in unusual anatomic sites. When this heterotopic tissue forms a mass, it is called a choristoma. This case series describes 3 cases of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) salivary heterotopias. While heterotopias are usually incidental findings, choristomas can clinically and endoscopically mimic carcinomas and might lead to unnecessary procedures for the patients. Clinicians should therefore be aware of this entity. Literature search, however, failed to show any reports of salivary gland heterotopias in the GEJ. In fact, literature review revealed only 6 reported cases of salivary gland choristoma in the gastrointestinal tract, none at the GEJ. In this case series, we report 2 cases of salivary gland heterotopia and one case of salivary gland choristoma arising at the GE junction. To our knowledge, this is the first series of its kind in the literature.

COVID-19’un dünya çapında yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte ortak mağduriyet hissinin kapsamadığı temel ihtiyaç sorunlarına bakıldığında küreselleşmenin yarattığı yeni bir görünmezlik tanımı ile yüzleşiriz. Yeni görünmezlik ilkeleri makale kapsamında pandemi sürecinin açığa çıkardığı fakat kökleri küreselleşmenin ilk etaplarıyla birlikte ortaya konulan bir mülksüzleşme ve hak ve hizmetlere erişim zeminini kaybetme hattı üzerinden okunur. Buna göre tarihsel gelişimiyle beraber ele alınan bu durum yeni ve normalleşme sürecindeki bir olağanüstü hâldir. Bu hal içinde yapılan yeni kırılganlık tanımları eskiden yoğunluklu olarak sığınmacılar, kimliksiz kişiler, kayıtdışı sektörde çalışan göçmen işçiler gibi gruplar için tanımlanan hassasiyet durumlarını geçersiz kılmıştır. Bu gruplar pandemi sürecinin sağlık erişimi için talep ettiği sistemde görünür olma gerekliliğine sahip olmadıkları için, pandemi kaynaklı ekonomi ve temel kaynaklara erişim sorunlarından dolayı yaşam hakkının öteki ucunda yer almaya başlamışlardır. Makale bu süreci kamp teması üzerinden, kamp usullerinin yaygınlaşarak yeni kırılganlıklar tanımlaması ve sınırları genişlemeye açık mekânsallığının yanı sıra bir hâle dönüşmesi ile ilişkili olarak inceler. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH Between Two Camps: The Experience of Migration as a State of Heterotopia When the focus is shifted from the sense of suffering together under the impact of COVID-19 to the problems of accessing to the basic needs uncovered by present health measures, it becomes possible to face a new definition of invisibility created by globalization. The new principles of invisibility are analyzed in this article over the route of dispossession and loss of access to the basic rights and services appearing with the rise of globalization. According to this reading the historical development of the very situation brings a new and settling state of emergency. The new definition of vulnerability excludes the former need holders such as asylum seekers, unregistered people, migrant workers in the informal sector since they are not visible to the health system. The article analyzes this content over the leitmotiv of camp which is discussed to be rather a state than being a spatial unit with vague borders.

Neuronal migration disorders (NMDs) can be associated with neurological dysfunction such as mental retardation, and clusters of disorganized cells (heterotopias) often act as seizure foci in medically intractable partial epilepsies. Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) treatment of pregnant rats results in neuronal heterotopias in offspring, especially in hippocampal area CA1. Although the neurons in dysplastic areas in this model are frequently hyperexcitable, the precise mechanisms controlling excitability remain unclear. Here, we used IR-DIC videomicroscopy and whole cell voltage-clamp techniques to test whether the potent anti-excitatory actions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) affected synaptic excitation of heterotopic neurons. We also compared several synaptic and intrinsic properties of heterotopic, layer 2–3 cortical, and CA1 pyramidal neurons, to further characterize heterotopic cells. NPY powerfully inhibited synaptic excitation onto normal and normotopic CA1 cells but was nearly ineffective on responses evoked in heterotopic cells from stimulation sites within the heterotopia. Glutamatergic synaptic responses on heterotopic cells exhibited a comparatively small, d-2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid-sensitive, N-methyl-d-aspartate component. Heterotopic neurons also differed from normal CA1 cells in postsynaptic membrane currents, possessing a prominent inwardly rectifying K+ current sensitive to Cs+and Ba2+, similar to neocortical layer 2–3 pyramidal cells. CA1 cells instead had a prominent Cs+- and 4-( N-ethyl- N-phenylamino)-1,2-dimethyl-6-(methylamino) pyrimidinium chloride-sensitive I h and negligible inward rectification, unlike heterotopic cells. Thus heterotopic CA1 cells appear to share numerous physiological similarities with neocortical neurons. The lack of NPY's effects on intra-heterotopic inputs, the small contribution of I h, and abnormal glutamate receptor function, may all contribute to the lowered threshold for epileptiform activity observed in hippocampal heterotopias and could be important factors in epilepsies associated with NMDs.

This article explores the convergence, inversion, and collapse of heterotopic spaces in E. S. Thomson’s neo-Victorian Jem Flockhart series about a cross-dressing female apothecary in mid-nineteenth-century London. The eponymous first-person narrator becomes embroiled in the detection of horrific murder cases, with the action traversing a wide range of Michel Foucault’s exemplary Other spaces, including hospitals, graveyards, brothels, prisons, asylums, and colonies, with the series substituting the garden for Foucault’s ship as the paradigmatic heterotopia. These myriad juxtaposed sites, which facilitate divergence from societal norms while seemingly sequestering forms of alterity and resistance, repeatedly merge into one another in Thomson’s novels, destabilising distinct kinds of heterotopias and heterotopic functions. Jem’s doubled queerness as a cross-dressing lesbian beloved by their Watsonean side-kick, the junior architect William Quartermain, complicates the protagonist’s role in helping readers negotiate the re-imagined Victorian metropolis and its unequal power structures. Simultaneously defending/reaffirming and contesting/subverting the status quo, Jem’s body itself becomes a microcosmic heterotopia, problematising the elision of agency in Foucault’s conceptualisation of the term. The proliferation of heterotopias in Thomson’s series suggests that neo-Victorian fiction reconfigures the nineteenth century into a vast network of confining, contested, and liberating Other spaces.

Muslimske gravpladser i Danmark er ikke blot et sted, hvor muslimer skaffer sig af med deres døde efter islamiske forskrifter, de udfylder også andre funktioner. Ved hjælp af Foucaults begreb heterotopi analyseres den muslimske gravplads på Risingskirkegård i Odense i et rumligt og socialt perspektiv, og det konkluderes, at gravpladsen fungerer som et univers, der knytter mange forskellige rum og fællesskaber sammen, samt at islamisk gravkultur i Danmark er under forandring. Derved bliver gravpladsen et vigtigt rum til at forstå relationer mellem levende og døde, som ikke uden videre lader sig materialisere sprogligt eller visuelt.

This article is concerned with the spatial analysis of lecture theaters in higher education institutions and it draws upon two concepts developed by Michel Foucault during the 1970s— heterotopia and the will to know. By examining the heterotopic potentials of lecture theaters where knowledge is rendered visible and articulable, the article argues that the notion of heterotopia is more relevant than panopticon for spatial analysis of these spaces. Heterotopias are defined as counter-sites inhabited by the abnormal, and as such include two dimensions. First there is an exclusion of the abnormal that is aimed at the fabrication of specific subjectivities, students and a more productive workforce. Second, as counter-spaces, heterotopias maintain a hopeful aspect that is providing an opportunity for unsettling the social norms. To support this exploration, the article uses higher education as a transitional environment for the production of an employable workforce and specifically focuses on auditoriums in universities. Contemporary lecture halls originating from the early modern anatomy halls are introduced as a strong spatial context for exploring the spatialization of knowledge and the construction of selves as subjects who desire to know.

Este artigo trata do tema e problema da heterotopiaa partir do pensamento de Michel Foucault, noção essa pouco explorada por ele, no entanto, potencialmente profícua para o pensamento filosófico contemporâneo. Nele mostramos o que o filósofo francês chama de heterotopia (utopia localizada/espaço outro) e o modo como ela implica as noções de espaço, poder e saber. Para tanto abordamos textos foucaultianos especialmente da década de 1960 e 70. Interpretamos e nos reportamos assim às heterotopias que fazem parte dos estudos e trajetória de Foucault: fábrica-convento, cidade operária, asilo psiquiátrico, prisão e Universidade Experimental de Vincennes. Compreendemos que a prisão e seus mecanismos constituem o exemplo paradigmático de uma heterotopia moderna que ainda diz muito sobre nós. Isso indica, vale notar, a complexidade e ambivalência da noção foucaultiana de heterotopia, na medida em que esta pode abarcar uma série de dispositivos nem sempre afins: por vezes, então, uma instituição disciplinar e um espaço biopolítico, outras vezes, uma universidade experimental.