Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hévéas'
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Montoro, Pascal. "Etablissement de cultures embryogènes en suspension chez Hevea brasiliensis (Müll. Arg. ) : Incidence des facteurs du milieu sur l'histogénèse des cals, leur friabilité et l'expression de l'embryogénèse." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20053.
Full textThaler, Philippe. "Relations entre développement racinaire et développement aérien : modélisation de l'influence de la disponibilité en assimilats carbonés sur l'architecture racinaire d'"Hevea brasiliensis"." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20258.
Full textKongsawadworakul, Panida. "Etude des mécanismes physiologiques de la coagulation du latex d'"Hevea" : identification et caractérisation des protéines impliquées dans l'agrégation des particules de caoutchouc." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20042.
Full textBarjau, Michelle. "Isolement, purification, et essai de détermination de la structure de la toxine issue d'un champignon : Colletotrichum gloeosporidoides." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30040.
Full textPenot, Eric. "Stratégies paysannes et évolution des savoirs : l'hévéaculture agro-forestière indonésienne." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007513.
Full textorientations techniques mise en oeuvre par les petits planteurs sous la forme des “jungle rubber”, systèmes agroforestiers hévéicoles traditionnels. La production qui en est issue a
rapidement dépassé celle les grandes plantations (dès 1935) confirmant ainsi la très forte adaptation de l'agriculture familiale aux aléas des marchés et de la production. Le rôle des
pouvoirs publics et des prix ont pu partiellement un temps expliquer cette évolution, mais d'autres facteurs sont intervenus.
Les systèmes agroforestiers hévéicoles, traditionnels ou améliorés, semblent réunir en effet trois atouts économiques et écologiques majeurs : la minimisation des risques et des
investissements, l'utilisation optimale des ressources disponibles (travail , capital , biodiversité, environnement...) et une très forte capacité d'adaptation et de reproduction.
Après en avoir défini les fondements et identifié les principales étapes à travers une périodisation (Partie I), cette thèse s'attache à montrer que la continuité des systèmes de
culture et de production et la permanence des pratiques agroforestières reposent sur une véritable recomposition des savoirs portée par une évolution des stratégies paysannes (Partie
II) . La période contemporaine pose cependant le problème de la reproduction à terme des formes d'organisation collectives et la remise en cause des systèmes économiques et sociaux qui les ont jusqu'à présent portées.
Penot, Eric. "Stratégies paysannes et évolution des savoirs : l'hévéaculture agro-forestière indonésienne." Phd thesis, Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10056.
Full textEngone, Obiang Nestor Laurier. "Biologie et écologie des Loranthaceæ parasites au Gabon : impact de Phragmanthera capitata sur la productivité des hévéas." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066258.
Full textProspections performed in Gabon, showed that 9 species of mistletoes parasitize many woody trees, among which rubber trees. From our study focussed on the biggest industrial rubber tree plantation of Mitzic, performed on more than 15 000 trees belonging to 7 different clones, it turned out that the percentage of parasitism ranges from 19 to 91% according to the clone. Phragmanthera capitata is by far the major species (about 95%). No real resistance to mistletoes was found for any of the 7 clones. However, a scale of susceptibility could be established, ranging from very susceptible clones like GT 1, AVROS 2037, PB 217 and PB 235 to less susceptible ones like PR 261, RRIM 600 and PB 260. No correlation could be established between the anatomy or tanin levels of bark from healthy trees, and the reaction of rubber trees to Loranthaceæ. On the other hand, a morphometric study showed that the less parasitized clones exhibited the most branched trees. Using several parameters, it turned out that parasitism has no significant effect on latex production and on physical properties of rubber. These results, discussed in relation with the biology of mistletoes, suggest that there is no point, for the moment, to eradicate mistletoes in gabonese rubber trees plantations
Guyot, Jean. "Analyse, à petite échelle, de l’influence de l’environnement, de l’inoculum et de l’hôte sur la dynamique épidémique de la maladie sud-américaine des feuilles de l’hévéa (Microcyclus ulei) en milieu amazonien." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0027.
Full textChambon, Bénédicte. "De l'innovation technique dans les sociétés paysannes : la diffusion de la monoculture clonale d'hévéa à Kalimantan Ouest, Indonésie." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10025.
Full textEstates have adopted rubber clonal monoculture since the 1930's. It is a complex technique that necessitates technicality ; smallholders who are used to extensive and agroforestry system do not generally have the technicality required. In 1973, the Indonesian public authorities launched several programmes of transfer of clonal monoculture to smallholders in order to eliminate the technical barriers to its diffusion. They are addressed to an heterogeneous population, in particular in term of ethnic group. The author analyses the technological changes after development projects implementation. This thesis focuses on the relations between the technique, the programmes of rubber clonal monoculture diffusion and the target population. .
Ouattara, Oumar. "Diffusion de l'hévéaculture et sécurité alimentaire en Côte d'Ivoire : Approche dans les régions de l'Indénité-Djuablin et de la Nawa." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT2019.
Full textIn Côte d’Ivoire, since the middle of the 1980s, the traditional plantation (coffee, cocoa, oil palm) economy goes through multifaceted crises with deteriorating consequences of the living conditions of agricultural households. The population massively adopts among other adaptive strategies, the rubber tree cultivation. Contrary to its expansion, the food situation in the country reveals signs of degradation as attested by the food riots of 2008. In the light of the innovation diffusion theory, this thesis interrogates the effects of the development of the rubber tree cultivation on the diet of the population according to an approach in line with food security in Indénié-Djuablin and Nawa regions. The study of spacial dynamics shows that this culture constitutes a constraint to food availability owing to the monopolization of spaces traditionally allocated to annual crops. Its diffusion however remains beneficial in terms of food security. The income generated permits a great number of growers to rise above the poverty threshold and contributes positively to the economic accessibility of food on the market. Hence rubber tree cultivation households are able to diversify and enrich their food regime. In parallel, due to the income regularity from natural rubber, their feeding gains in stability both quantitatively and qualitatively. These evolutions however raise questions of their durability due to the erratic nature of the price of natural rubber
Dusotoit-Coucaud, Anaïs. "Caractérisations physiologique et moléculaire des transporteurs de sucres et de polyols des cellules laticifères chez "Hevea brasiliensis", en relation avec la production de latex." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725589.
Full textBoucheret, Marianne. "Les plantations d'hévéas en Indochine (1897-1954)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010583.
Full textBoonvanno, Suchanya. "Dynamique d'un système rural en zone mixte (hévéa-forêt) : le bassin versant de la Nathawi (Sud-Thai͏̈lande)." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30030.
Full textIn continuity with malaisia, not far from singapore, rubber has had no difficulty in imposing itself as the commercial plant in the south of thailand, over passing all of the farming systems and colonizing all of the available surfaces, to the detriment of the covered forestry. Several questions are asked by the fast development of this phenomenon. In order to answer these questions, the study is made in two stages : the identification of a system that has permitted rubber to proliferate, the understanding of the dynamics in the rural zone. The concept of rural system like the tool of investing has been determining. Several actors of change were identified. We can divide the different actors into four levels of organization : international, national, regional and local. The deep investigation of the actors in the different levels of organization, emphasizing the analysis of the field data (in the watershed of nathawi), allows us to understand the fonctionning of the system. To make clearer certain points in the study of the fonction and especially in order to foresee the evolution of the system, the study of the dynamics has been undertaken. The study of the dynamics of the rural system in the mixed zone (rubber-forest)has allowed us to note the disparity of the access to the factors of production, and the practical exercise of the farmers shows on extensive and space consuming model. It has allowed us to examine the concret realization of projects of development. It can clarify the problematic of some planners for the management of the natural resources. In our case the development option depends upon the preservation of the natural resources. A clear understanding of the political and economical stakes has allowed us to note the consequences of the damage caused to nature by the development and especially to question the future prospects of the area
Feintrenie, Laurène. "Entre forêts, agroforêts et plantations : analyse des dynamiques paysagères à Bungo, province de Jambi, Indonésie." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30102/document.
Full textIn the wider context of the agrarian transition in Indonesia, changes in landscapes are happening very quickly and generally at the expense of forested lands. In 2010, Bungo district presents a landscape mosaic, combining remnant forest patches to rubber and durian agroforests and monoculture plantations of oil palm and rubber. Agroforests are increasingly converted into monoculture plantations by farmers, in intend to enhance their income. This evolution rests on the investment of different categories of stakeholders – population, governments, industrial sector - who share a common interest in the economic development of the district. This thesis analyses in details the dynamics of rubber agroforests conversion to rubber and oil palm monoculture plantations. A multi-scale and transdiciplinary approach was used to articulate different spatial and social scales, from the cultivated plot to the extended family, from the village to the district, and to the broader international context. Local communities are willing to intensify their agricultural practices, and voluntarily participate in the development of monoculture plantations, in particular of oil palm. The conservation of forests and agroforests in not their concern, but one of the international community, represented by non governmental organizations and international conventions for the preservation of the environment
Richard, Thierry. "Contribution à l'étude de la lectine du champignon basidiomycète rigidoporus lignosus : purification, propriétés physico-chimiques et localisation de la lectine et de ses sites d'affinité." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10392.
Full textTran, Xuan Tri. "Les plantations d'hévéa en Cochinchine (1897-1940)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0016/document.
Full textAs early as the conquest of Cochinchina in 1862, the colonial administration and French individuals exploited the local agriculture and developed the economy there. They tried to experiment and introduce various crops, especially rubber trees. The year of 1897 marked the beginning of the rubber plantation of Cochinchina, when two thousand rubber trees brasiliensis were successfully planted. The area of rubber tree plantation in Cochinchina grew tremendously, ranging from one hundred hectares at the end of the 19th century to nearly one hundred thousand hectares in the early 1930s, because of, on the one hand, the capital invested from the metropolis, and, on the other hand, the measures of encouragement taken by the colonial Government. The rubber plantations attracted local workers, mainly from Tonkin and Annam, at a rate of about 10.000, sometimes 20.000 persons a year. In parallel with the extension of the area of rubber plantation, the colonial rubber production rapidly increased from just over one tonne in 1908 to more than 60.000 tons in 1939.The rubber tree plantation became one of the most important crops of Cochinchina during the French colonial era. Not only they brought fortune to the planters of the colony, but they secured a part, and since 1938, the whole of the rubber demands of the metropolitan industries. The Cochinchina rubber plantations represented a symbol of French agricultural colonization and, unfortunately, one of the black pages of the history of French colonialism in Vietnam by the brutal exploitation of Vietnamese workers by rubber planters
Wongcharoen, Anan. "Biological activities of soils under rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) and interactions with trunk phloem necrosis." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00815330.
Full textOnofre, Seixas de Araújo Sérgio. "Gestão democrática no ensino público: Entraves no processo um estudo de caso." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2003. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9944.
Full textA presente pesquisa analisa a dinâmica do processo de trabalho da Escola de Ensino Fundamental Hévia Valéria Maia de Amorim, objetivando avaliar a qualidade da sua gestão a partir da prática do conselho escolar daquela unidade de ensino, buscando identificar a permanência de praticas paternalistas e clientelistas, que entravam a implementação e o desenvolvimento de um modelo de gestão das Políticas Públicas fundada no princípio da descentralização e da participação da sociedade, implantada na Rede de Ensino Municipal de Maceió desde 1993, a partir da vitória eleitoral de uma coligação situada no campo da esquerda num estado profundamente marcado por uma cultura oligárquica, construída a base da subserviência e da submissão às elites locais e ao centro político-econômico do país. Para tal, o percurso metodológico procurou constatar as evidências desse fenômeno a partir do resgate das ações e comportamentos dos sujeitos coletivos que fizeram e continuam fazendo a história daquela escola, como também, e para não correr o risco de analisá-la isoladamente, como uma ilha desvinculada da rede a que é parte integrante, busco resgatar o processo de implantação da Gestão Democrática, implantada a uma década no município para posterior formulação de conceitos pertinentes ao conhecimento do objeto. Nesse sentido, a caracterização da escola favoreceu a tematização e a compreensão da natureza do seu modelo gestionário, construído pelo coletivo dos diversos segmentos daquela unidade que compõe o Conselho Escolar. Suas expressões fundamentais permitiram estabelecer conexões com a realidade mais ampla da particularidade social brasileira, principalmente com relação aos mecanismos institucionais que inscrevem a gestão democrática no marco da Constituição de 88 e da nova LDB, 9.394/96. O estudo transita pelas categorias da democracia, da participação, do paternalismo e do clientelismo, como subsídios teóricos ao entendimento da singularidade do Hévia Valéria. A investigação possibilitou a apreensão do processo democrático como espaço para a cidadania no horizonte da transformação social, bem como a definição de pressupostos à prática coletiva para a conquista da escola cidadã, permitindo-nos alcançar uma percepção crítica dos pólos das práticas ali desenvolvidas, vista como um espaço de reprodução de trabalho capitalista e de reprodução de valores da classe trabalhadora a escola de massas. Com o estudo, infere-se que naquela unidade de ensino não só se expressa e tem a continuidade das velhas práticas do fazer política numa perspectiva oligárquica e conservadora, como infere-se também que o modelo de gestão ali praticado não corresponde aos princípios de uma gestão efetivamente democrática da educação
Maeght, Jean-Luc. "L'influence de la variabilité climatique sur l’enracinement superficiel et profond d'arbres adultes en plantation : les cas de l’hévéa (hevea brasiliensis) et du teck (tectona grandis) sous contraintes hydriques en Asie du sud est." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20158/document.
Full textThe root system is essential but essentially invisible. Plants are anchored to the soil through their root system; their adaptation and survival abilities are highly dependent on their ability to learn to take advantage of the space that surrounds them. Certain trees are nevertheless some of the largest and oldest living species on the planet- evidence of their ability to adapt to changes in their environment. Within managed anthropogenic constraints, particular species are vulnerable. It is clear that a wide range of parameters are likely to influence the root system and its operation, which offers many entry points to improve our understanding of a root's capacity for expansion, its dynamics, its role within the plant itself and within the soil plant atmosphere continuum. Available data on the extent and dynamics of plant roots includes several thousand references. However, the vast majority of these observations were made within the first meter of the soil profile. Data acquisition for the fine and/or deep roots is currently limited by constraints of time and financial resources. To overcome this lack of information, while trying to assess root dynamics under different environmental conditions, many models have been developed. However, it is still difficult to describe the complexity of root development in the community and to integrate its "plasticity".To understand such a complex environment, we must work toward establishing a definition of objectives and the tools necessary to develop and implement them. The work developed in the first part of this thesis is the subject of two articles and focuses on a literature review about deep roots. The vital role of the root system for the plant is well highlighted, as is its impact as a link within the atmosphere. We discuss the role of deep roots in carbon storage, which is critical and often underestimated. The different techniques for accessing the root systems in situ are also considered, and we present our access technique for observing the roots down to depths of five meters. We have also developed tools for shooting through a flatbed scanner and image analysis ( IJ_Rizo ) now available online.In the second part of the thesis, we focus on the study of root systems of adult rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis L. RRIM 600) in the northeast of Thailand. Thailand has greatly expanded its acreage to extend its operations beyond its natural climate zone, into areas of high water stress. In this context, we studied the seasonality and dynamics of fine roots for three years and their contribution to the carbon cycle. We were able to highlight the continuity of root dynamics during independent periods of defoliation, yet link these to the seasonality of rainfall. We were also able to characterize the low differentiation of root dynamics at 0 to 4.5 m of depth in this context.The third part of the thesis concerns the study of teak particular to the region of Luang Prabang, Laos. By applying the rain exclusion technique for 2 years on a plantation of twenty-year-old trees, we observed the influence of precipitation patterns. During the period of water stress, an almost total cessation of root growth, at the surface and significant depths, has been highlighted. We conclude that in the case of species with a high dependence on water resources there is a direct impact on the physiological state and stagnated trunk growth. Some individuals have demonstrated an ability to adapt by changing their foliation/defoliation cycle, accompanied by a resumption of trunk growth during the second year of imposed drought. We also demonstrated the importance of rooting as a means of carbon storage, which in this context represents more than 45% of total carbon- roughly double the amount published in other literature .The data obtained for the species studied in this paper can be used for modelling scenarios simulating climate change and changing land use
Gonkhamdee, Santimaitree. "Analyse des interactions entre les racines d'hévéa (Hevea brasiliensis Muel. Arg.) et de cultures intercalaires dans les jeunes plantations du Nord-Est de la Thaïlande." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00504888.
Full textDelarue, Jocelyne. "Mise au point d'une méthode d'évaluation systémique d'impact des projets de développement agricole sur le revenu des producteurs : Etude de cas en région kpèlè (République de Guinée)." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00772023.
Full textL'évaluation systémique d'impact est appliquée à deux grands types de projets en Guinée forestière : les projets d'aménagements de bas-fonds et un projet agro-industriel de plantations de palmiers à huile et d'hévéas. Ces deux études de cas démontrent notamment l'importance de ne pas se contenter de rechercher un impact moyen sur les ménages : l'existence d'impacts fortement différenciés par système de production est l'une des principales conclusions de cette thèse.
Ferreira, Cláudia Sofia Sousa. "O impacto da criação de uma estratégia de branding e comunicação na construção do brand love: estudo de caso do lançamento da Hévoa em Portugal." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/76207.
Full textA atual sociedade de consumo está amplamente marcada pela presença de uma panóplia de marcas que almejam adquirir posições de destaque no mercado e agregar valor junto do consumidor. Para tal, procuram desenvolver estratégias para serem amadas pelos consumidores, de forma que estes se tornem fiéis às mesmas. Assim sendo, no desenvolvimento das marcas, o processo de branding e de definição de estratégias de comunicação torna-se um ponto chave para o sucesso da marca no mercado, levando à construção de relações duradouras com os consumidores alvo. O presente estudo recai sobre a experiência de estágio curricular na agência DETA, tentando perceber o modo como a aplicação de estratégias de branding e de comunicação contribuem para a criação futura de brand love dos clientes a uma marca. Para tal, e tendo em vista a recolha de dados, adotamos um método de pesquisa qualitativo, com recurso a pesquisa exploratória, nomeadamente, entrevistas semiabertas e análise documental. Os principais conceitos teóricos foram cruzados com o caso de estudo em análise, evidenciando a influência da escolha de estratégias de branding e comunicação na criação de marcas. Espera-se, ainda, que o presente estudo traga um contributo prático, na medida em que se possa oferecer aos profissionais de marketing mecanismos para implementar estratégias de comunicação, de modo a cultivarem o sentimento de amor pela marca junto do seu público-alvo, levando a uma possível fidelização.
The current consumer society is largely marked by the presence of a panoply of brands that aim to acquire prominent positions in the market and add value to the consumer. To this end, they seek to develop strategies to be loved by consumers, so that they become loyal to them. Therefore, in brand development, the branding process and definition of brand communication strategies become a key point for the brand's success in the market, leading to the construction of lasting relationships with target consumers. The present study focuses on the experience of curricular internship at DETA agency, trying to understand how the application of branding and communication strategies contributes to the future creation of brand love from customers to a brand. To this end, and intending to collect data, we adopted a qualitative research method, using exploratory research, namely, semi-open interviews and document analysis. The main theoretical concepts were crossed with the case study under analysis, showing the influence of the choice of branding and communication strategies in the creation of brands. It is also expected that this study will bring a practical contribution, as it can offer marketing professionals mechanisms to implement communication strategies, to cultivate the feeling of love for the brand among its target audience, leading to possible loyalty.