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Lyu, Jae Il, Jaihyunk Ryu, Chang Hyun Jin, et al. "Phenolic Compounds in Extracts of Hibiscus acetosella (Cranberry Hibiscus) and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties." Molecules 25, no. 18 (2020): 4190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184190.
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Hibiscus species are rich in phenolic compounds and have been traditionally used for improving human health through their bioactive activities. The present study investigated the phenolic compounds of leaf extracts from 18 different H. acetosella accessions and evaluated their biofunctional properties, focusing on antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The most abundant phenolic compound in H. acetosella was caffeic acid, with levels ranging from 14.95 to 42.93 mg/100 g. The antioxidant activity measured by the ABTS assay allowed the accessions to be classified into two groups: a high activity group with red leaf varieties (74.71–84.02%) and a relatively low activity group with green leaf varieties (57.47–65.94%). The antioxidant activity was significantly correlated with TAC (0.933), Dp3-Sam (0.932), Dp3-Glu (0.924), and Cy3-Sam (0.913) contents (p < 0.001). The H. acetosella phenolic extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against two bacteria, with zones of inhibition between 12.00 and 13.67 mm (Staphylococcus aureus), and 10.67 and 13.33 mm (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). All accessions exhibited a basal antibacterial activity level (12 mm) against the Gram-positive S. aureus, with PI500758 and PI500764 exhibiting increased antibacterial activity (13.67 mm), but they exhibited a more dynamic antibacterial activity level against the Gram-negative P. aeruginosa.
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Boyd, David W., and Christopher L. Cheatham. "Evaluation of Twelve Genotypes of Hibiscus for Resistance to Hibiscus Sawfly, Atomacera decepta Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Argidae)." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 22, no. 3 (2004): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-22.3.170.
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Abstract Twelve genotypes of hibiscus were evaluated for resistance to hibiscus sawfly, a minor pest of hibiscus. Evaluations were conducted by counting eggs deposited on the hibiscus and larvae feeding on the hibiscus. Plants were evaluated at the end of the study with a damage rating. Three genotypes demonstrated resistance or tolerance to sawfly feeding: Hibiscus acetosella, H. aculeatus, and H. grandiflora. All three of these genotypes had few, if any, eggs or larvae and were given the lowest damage rating among the genotypes evaluated.
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Moraes, Rodrigo Miranda, Fernanda Carlota Nery, Mayara Caroline Carvalho Pinto, Renato Paiva, and Sandro Barbosa. "Conservation of Hibiscus acetosella germplasm by seed cryopreservation." 2019 13, (03) 2019 (2019): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.03.p1209.
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Hibiscus acetosella (Malvaceae) is a shrub of great importance for landscaping, food and medicinal purposes. The objective of this study was to preserve H. acetosella germplasm by seed cryopreservation. Half of the seed batch was scarified and the other half was kept intact. Cryopreservation occurred by immersion in liquid nitrogen for 1 hour. Moisture content (MC%), germination percentage (G%), germination speed index (GSI), normal seedling formation (NS%), shoot length (SL), dry matter (DM), biometry and plant survival were evaluated after treatment. MC% ranged between 7.7% and 6.65% in intact and scarified seeds, respectively. Scarification raised G% and GSI compared to intact seeds. Intact and scarified seeds had 100% and 70% NS%, respectively, when not cryopreserved. Cryopreservation reduced NS% to 62% and 12.75%, respectively. The highest SL was observed in intact and non-cryopreserved seeds, with an average of 10.21 cm in height. However, the cryopreservation of intact seeds reduced SL by about 50%, and scarification led to a further reduction, either with (3.32 cm) or without (2.47 cm) cryopreservation. Seedlings from intact and non-cryopreserved seeds showed higher DM in relation to seedlings from cryopreserved seeds. The association of cryopreservation and scarification further reduced DM. The cryopreservation of intact seeds yielded 100% survival at the end of the acclimatization process. However, cryopreservation of scarified seeds reduced the survival percentage to 15%. Changes in color were observed for seeds scarified and subjected to cryopreservation. Thus, cryopreservation is considered an efficient technique for the conservation of intact H. acetosella seeds in the long term.
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Contreras, Ryan N., John M. Ruter, and Wayne W. Hanna. "An Oryzalin-induced Autoallooctoploid of Hibiscus acetosella ‘Panama Red’." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 134, no. 5 (2009): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.134.5.553.
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Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern. ‘Panama Red’ PP20,121 (Malvaceae) has generated public and grower interest due to its attractive red foliage and vigorous growth, however, a horticultural goal is to develop more compact forms. Even though organs of induced polyploids are often larger than the wild type, whole plants are often shorter in stature. Three studies were conducted to induce polyploidy and to evaluate the growth and reproductive potential of the resulting polyploids. In study 1, seeds were soaked for 24 hours in aqueous solutions of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.5% colchicine (w/v) plus 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide. In studies 2 and 3, apical meristems of seedlings at the cotyledon stage were treated for 1 or 3 days with 0, 50, 100, or 150 μm oryzalin solidified with 0.8% agar. Visual observations and measurement of guard cells were used to identify plants that potentially had their chromosome number doubled. Flow cytometry of nuclei stained with DAPI was used for confirmation of polyploidy. No induced polyploidy was observed following seed treatment with colchicine at the rates and duration used in this study. One-time application of 50 μm oryzalin resulted in a single mixoploid (4x + 8x) in which the ploidy of the L-I, L-II, and L-III histogenic layers were identified as a 4–4-4 + 8, respectively. Three-day applications with 100 and 150 μm oryzalin resulted in an octoploid (8x) and a mixoploid (4x + 8x), respectively. The mixoploid from the 3-day treatment stabilized at the 8x level before flowering, but was identified as a 4 + 8-x-4 cytochimera. Plant height was reduced, leaves were smaller, internodes were shorter, and canopy volume was reduced in the octoploid (8x) form compared with the tetraploid (4x) form. Furthermore, in contrast to the tetraploid, the octoploid produced no self-pollinated seed and performed poorly as a staminate and pistillate parent in controlled crosses. This represents the first time oryzalin has been reported to induce polyploidy in Hibiscus L. section Furcaria DC. H. acetosella is an allotetraploid species with the genome composition AABB. The resulting autoallooctoploid (AAAABBBB) form of ‘Panama Red’ exhibits a more compact habit and reduced production of seed.
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Thungmungmee, Suradwadee, Nakuntwalai Wisidsri, and Warachate Khobjai. "Antioxidant Activities of Chaba Maple (Hibiscus acetosella) Flower Extract." Applied Mechanics and Materials 886 (January 2019): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.886.34.
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Phenolic compounds are a large group of phytochemical compounds in plants which have antioxidant activity. Hibiscus species were used in traditional medicine in North-America with biological activities. In this study, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of Chaba maple (Hibiscus acetosella) flower extract (CFE) in Thailand were investigated. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Antioxidant activities of CFE were examined by DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging ability methods. The results showed that total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were 91.22±0.68 mg gallic acid equivalent/g fresh matter and 0.31±0.01 mg quercetin equivalent/g fresh matter, respectively. For antioxidant activities, IC50 of DPPH radical scavenging was 57.93±0.37 μg/ml, the power of ferric reducing was 1,707.18±1.99 μM and IC50 of NO radical scavenging was 229.30±0.71 μg/ml. In conclusion, CFE could be potentially used as a new natural bioactive ingredient for nutritional supplements and cosmetics application.
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Bayer, Amanda, John Ruter, and Marc W. van Iersel. "Elongation of Hibiscus acetosella Under Well-watered and Drought-stressed Conditions." HortScience 51, no. 11 (2016): 1384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11039-16.
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Controlling the elongation of ornamental plants is commonly needed for shipping and aesthetic purposes. Drought stress can be used to limit elongation, and is an environmentally friendly alternative to plant growth regulators (PGRs). However, growers can be reluctant to expose plants to drought stress because they do not want to negatively affect overall plant quality and marketability. Knowing how and when stem elongation is affected by water availability will help to increase our understanding of how elongation can be controlled without reducing plant quality. Rooted Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern. cuttings were grown in a growth chamber set to a 12-hour photoperiod at 25 °C. Two plants of similar size were used for each replication of the study to compare growth under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. Time lapse photography was used to determine the diurnal patterns of elongation over the course of the replications. Evapotranspiration was measured using load cells. Well-watered and drought-stressed plants had similar diurnal patterns of elongation and evapotranspiration, demonstrating that both follow circadian rhythms and are not just responding to environmental conditions. Stem elongation was greatest at night and coincided with evapotranspiration decreases, with greatest elongation shortly after the onset of darkness. Elongation was minimal between 800 and 1000 hr when evapotranspiration increases. During the drought-stress portion of the replications, elongation of drought-stressed plants was 44% less than well-watered plants. Final plant height and shoot dry weight for the drought-stressed plants were 21% and 30% less than well-watered plants, respectively. Total leaf area, number of leaves, and number of new visible internodes were greater for well-watered plants than drought-stressed plants. Average length of visible internodes and leaf size were similar for drought-stressed and well-watered plants. If growers want to use drought stress for elongation control, they should ensure that plants are drought stressed before the onset of and during the dark period, when most elongation occurs.
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Masnadi, Masnadi. "Keanekaragaman Family Malvaceae Di Hutan Taman Eden 100 Sebagai Bahan Perangkat Pembelajaran Biologi." Best Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology) 2, no. 2 (2019): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/best.v2i2.1816.
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Penelitian di Hutan Taman Eden 100 yang terletak di kawasan Lumbang Rang, Desa Sionggang Utara, Kec.Lumban Julu, Kab. Toba Samosir Sumatera Utara telah dilakukan selama 3 bulan yang dilaksanakan daribulan April sampai dengan bulan Juni 2019. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan “Metode Survey atauEksplorasi”. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan data spesies dari tumbuhan family Malvaceae yang adadi hutan Taman Eden 100 kemudian dibuat herbarium dan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaranberupa modul sebagai bahan ajar Biologi mata kuliah Taksonomi Tumbuhan Tinggi. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa terdapat 12 jenis tumbuhan family Malvaceae dengan 6 genus Malvaceae yaituAbelmoschus, Abutilon, Hibiscus, Malvaviscus, Sida dan Urena dengan 12 jenis Malvaceae yaituAbelmoschus moschatus, Abutilon megapotamicum, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ‘DaintyPink’, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ‘Double’, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ‘Variegata’, Hibiscus acetosella, Hibiscussabdariffa, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Malvaviscus arboreus, Sida rhombifolia dan Urena. Hasil Analisis datadiperkuat deskripsi dan habitat dari masing-masing jenis tumbuhan family Malvaceae. Tumbuhan familyMalvaceae yang ditemukan di hutan Taman Eden 100 masih tergolong sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan totalgenus keseluruhan yaitu Malvaceae memiliki sekitar 82 genus dengan sekitar 1.500 species yang terdiri dariHibiscus memiliki lebih dari 200, Sida memiliki 200 species, Abutilon memiliki 190 species, dan Malva 40species. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan karena daerah cakupan penjelajahan atau eksplorasi yang diteliti kurangluas.
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VILELA, THAIS C., DANIELA D. LEFFA, ADRIANI P. DAMIANI, et al. "Hibiscus acetosella extract protects against alkylating agent-induced DNA damage in mice." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 90, no. 3 (2018): 3165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820180144.
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Cardoso, Paula Da Silva, Fernanda Dagostim Mandalli, Tatiana Barichello, and Patricia De Aguiar Amaral. "Potencial antibacteriano e perfil farmacognóstico das folhas de Hibiscus acetosella Welw Ex Hiern." Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas 17, no. 2 (2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v17i2.25590.
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<p><strong>Introdução: </strong>As<strong> </strong><em>Hisbiscus</em> pertencentes à família <em>Malvaceae</em> são amplamente utilizadas na área ornamental e vem ganhando espaço na área alimentícia com suas flores comestíveis e corantes naturais. Alguns estudos demonstraram atividade antibacteriana de algumas espécies deste gênero frente a diversos microorganismos. Na região sul do Brasil a <em>Hibiscus acetosella,</em> também conhecida popularmente como vinagreira, possui em literatura científica pouca informação sobre sua composição química e ação antibacteriana. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: Caracterizar o perfil farmacognóstico relacionando com a ação microbiológica das folhas de <em>H. acetosella. </em><strong>Metodologia:</strong> O perfil farmacognóstico foi realizado através de testes de precipitação, teste colorimétrico, quantificação de compostos fenólicos e análise cromatográfica do extrato hidroalcoólico e das frações das folhas de <em>H. acetocella</em>. A ação antibacteriana do extrato hidroalcoólico (60 mg) e frações (25 mg) foram analisadas frente aos microorganismos <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em> e <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>através do método de difusão em ágar<em>.</em> <strong>Resultados: </strong>A análise farmacognóstica apresentou resultados positivos para as classes de substâncias: taninos, flavonoides, cumarinas, heterosídeos cardiotônicos e alcaloides. O extrato hidroalcoólico possui aproximadamente 352,85 mg/L de polifenóis totais. As frações com caráter mais polar (<em>n</em>-butanol e acetato de etila) apresentaram efeito relevante contra os microorganismos <em>S. aureus</em> e <em>P. aeruginosa</em>.<em> </em><strong>Conclusão: </strong>Os resultados demonstraram que ação antibacteriana pode estar relacionada com a classe de com compostos fenólicos, uma vez que as frações que apresentaram melhor resultado possuem maior concentração destes metabólitos.</p>
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Warner, Ryan M., and John E. Erwin. "Variation in Floral Induction Requirements of Hibiscus sp." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126, no. 3 (2001): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.3.262.
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Thirty-six Hibiscus L. species were grown for 20 weeks under three lighting treatments at 15, 20, or 25 ± 1.5 °C air temperature to identify flowering requirements for each species. In addition, species were subjectively evaluated to identify those species with potential ornamental significance based on flower characteristics and plant form. Lighting treatments were 9 hour ambient light (St. Paul, Minn., November to May, 45 °N), ambient light plus a night interruption using incandescent lamps (2 μmol·m-2·s-1; 2200 to 0200 hr), or ambient light plus 24-hour supplemental lighting from high-pressure sodium lamps (100 μmol·m-2·s-1). Five day-neutral, six obligate short-day, six facultative short-day, three obligate long-day, and one facultative long-day species were identified. Fifteen species did not flower. Temperature and lighting treatments interacted to affect leaf number below the first flower and/or flower diameter on some species. Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern, H. cisplatinus St.-Hil., H. radiatus Cav., and H. trionum L. were selected as potential new commercially significant ornamental species.
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Martin, Michael T., Geoffrey M. Weaver, Matthew R. Chappell, and Jerry Davis. "Surveying Changes in Sectional Tissue Nutrient Concentrations of Hibiscus acetosella ‘Panama Red’ during Adventitious Root Formation." HortScience 51, no. 11 (2016): 1407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci10605-16.
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A study was conducted to observe changes in mineral element concentrations within different sections of leafy stem cuttings of Hibiscus acetosella ‘Panama Red’ (PP20121) during a 21-day propagation period under standard industry propagation conditions. Concentrations of 13 mineral elements were analyzed in leaves, lower stems (below substrate), upper stems (above substrate), and roots at 3-day intervals. Before root emergence (day 0–6), P, K, Zn, Ca, and Mg concentrations decreased in the shoots (including upper stems and leaves), whereas Zn, Ca, and B concentrations decreased in the lower stems. Sulfur increase occurred in lower stems before root emergence. After rooting (day 9–21), N, P, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Ni concentrations decreased in the roots; K, S, B, and Mg concentrations increased. In the lower stems, N, P, K, S, and Zn concentrations decreased, whereas B increased. Potassium concentration decreased in the leaves; P, K, S, and Zn decreased in the upper stems. Calcium and Mg increased in leaves. This study indicates specific nutrients are important in adventitious rooting, and that it is important to analyze rooting as a function of fine-scale temporal measurements and fine-scale sectional measurements.
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Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz, Sue K. Dove, and Marc W. van Iersel. "An Automated System for Monitoring Soil Moisture and Controlling Irrigation Using Low-cost Open-source Microcontrollers." HortTechnology 25, no. 1 (2015): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.25.1.110.
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Substrate volumetric water content (VWC) is a useful measurement for automated irrigation systems. We have previously developed automated irrigation controllers that use capacitance sensors and dataloggers to supply plants with on-demand irrigation. However, the dataloggers and accompanying software used to build and program those controllers make these systems expensive. Relatively new, low-cost open-source microcontrollers provide an alternative way to build sensor-based irrigation controllers for both agricultural and domestic applications. We designed and built an automated irrigation system using a microcontroller, capacitance soil moisture sensors, and solenoid valves. This system effectively monitored and controlled VWC over a range of irrigation thresholds (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 m3.m−3) with ‘Panama Red’ hibiscus (Hibiscus acetosella) in a peat:perlite substrate. The microcontroller can be used with both regular 24-V alternating current (AC) solenoid valves and with latching 6- to 18-V direct current (DC) solenoid valves. The technology is relatively inexpensive (microcontroller and accessories cost $107, four capacitance soil moisture sensors cost $440, and four solenoid valves cost $120, totaling $667) and accessible. The irrigation controller required little maintenance over the course of a 41-day trial. The low cost of this irrigation controller makes it useful in many horticultural settings, including both research and production.
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Bayer, Amanda, Imran Mahbub, Matthew Chappell, John Ruter, and Marc W. van Iersel. "Water Use and Growth of Hibiscus acetosella ‘Panama Red’ Grown with a Soil Moisture Sensor-controlled Irrigation System." HortScience 48, no. 8 (2013): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.8.980.
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Efficient water use is becoming increasingly important for horticultural operations to satisfy regulations regarding runoff along with adapting to the decreasing availability of water to agriculture. Generally, best management practices (BMPs) are used to conserve water. However, BMPs do not account for water requirements of plants. Soil moisture sensors can be used along with an automated irrigation system to irrigate when substrate volumetric water content (θ) drops below a set threshold, allowing for precise irrigation control and improved water conservation compared with traditional irrigation practices. The objective of this research was to quantify growth of Hibiscus acetosella ‘Panama Red’ (PP#20,121) in response to various θ thresholds. Experiments were performed in a greenhouse in Athens, GA, and on outdoor nursery pads in Watkinsville and Tifton, GA. Soil moisture sensors were used to maintain θ above specific thresholds (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, and 0.45 m3·m−3). Shoot dry weight increased from 7.3 to 58.8 g, 8.0 to 50.6 g, and from 3.9 to 35.9 g with increasing θ thresholds from 0.10 to 0.45 m3·m−3 in the greenhouse, Watkinsville, and Tifton studies, respectively. Plant height also increased with increasing θ threshold in all studies. Total irrigation volume increased with increasing θ threshold from 1.9 to 41.6 L/plant, 0.06 to 23.0 L/plant, and 0.24 to 33.6 L/plant for the greenhouse, Watkinsville, and Tifton studies, respectively. Daily light integral (DLI) was found to be the most important factor influencing daily water use (DWU) in the greenhouse study; DWU was also found to be low on days with low DLI in nursery studies. In all studies, increased irrigation volume led to increased growth; however, water use efficiency (grams of shoot dry weight produced per liters of water used) decreased for θ thresholds above 0.35 m3·m−3. Results from the greenhouse and nursery studies indicate that sensor-controlled irrigation is feasible and that θ thresholds can be adjusted to control plant growth.
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Março, Paulo Henrique, Ronei Jesus Poppi, Ieda Spacino Scarminio, and Romà Tauler. "Investigation of the pH effect and UV radiation on kinetic degradation of anthocyanin mixtures extracted from Hibiscus acetosella." Food Chemistry 125, no. 3 (2011): 1020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.005.
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Mar, Josiana Moreira, Laiane Souza da Silva, Amanda Cristina Lira, et al. "Bioactive compounds-rich powders: Influence of different carriers and drying techniques on the chemical stability of the Hibiscus acetosella extract." Powder Technology 360 (January 2020): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.10.062.
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Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz, Marc W. van Iersel, and Roberto Testezlaf. "Monitoring and Controlling Ebb-and-flow Subirrigation with Soil Moisture Sensors." HortScience 50, no. 3 (2015): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.3.447.
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Subirrigation can reduce water loss and nutrient runoff from greenhouses, because used nutrient solution is collected and recirculated. Capacitance moisture sensors can monitor substrate volumetric water content (θ) and control subirrigation based on minimum θ thresholds, providing an alternative to timers. Our objectives were to automate an ebb-and-flow subirrigation system using capacitance moisture sensors, monitor moisture dynamics within the containers, and determine the effect of five θ thresholds (0.10, 0.18, 0.26, 0.34, or 0.42 m3·m−3) on hibiscus (Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex Hiern.) ‘Panama Red’ (PP20,121) growth. Subirrigation was monitored using capacitance sensors connected to a multiplexer and a data logger and controlled using a relay driver connected to submersible pumps. As the substrate θ dropped below the thresholds, irrigation was turned on for 3 min followed by 3-min drainage. Capacitance sensors effectively controlled subirrigation by irrigating only when substrate θ dropped below the thresholds. Each irrigation cycle resulted in a rapid increase in substrate θ, from 0.10 to ≈0.33 m3·m−3 with the 0.10-m3·m−3 irrigation threshold vs. an increase in θ from 0.42 to 0.49 m3·m−3 with the 0.42-m3·m−3 irrigation threshold. Less nutrient solution was used in the lower θ threshold treatments, indicating that sensor control can reduce water and thus fertilizer use in subirrigation systems. The water dynamics showed that the bottom part of the pots was saturated after irrigation with θ decreasing quickly after an irrigation event, presumably because of drainage. However, the water movement among substrate layers was slow with the 0.10-m3·m−3 irrigation threshold with water reaching the upper layer 5.5 to 20 h after irrigation. The 0.10-m3·m−3 θ threshold resulted in 81% fewer irrigations and 70% less nutrient solution use compared with the 0.42-m3·m−3 θ threshold. However, the 0.10-m3·m−3 θ threshold also reduced hibiscus shoot height by 30%, shoot dry weight 74%, and compactness by 63% compared with the 0.42-m3·m−3 θ threshold. Our results indicate that soil moisture sensors can be used to control subirrigation based on plant water use and substrate water and to manipulate plant growth, thus providing a tool to improve control over plant quality in subirrigation systems.
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Gharabadiyan, Fatemeh, Salar Jamali, Amir Yazdi, Mohammad Hadizadeh, and Ali Eskandari. "Weed Hosts of Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato Fields." Journal of Plant Protection Research 52, no. 2 (2012): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-012-0036-1.
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Weed Hosts of Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato Fields Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the three most economically damaging genera of plant parasitic nematodes on horticultural and field crops. Root-knot nematodes are distributed worldwide, and are obligate parasites of the roots of thousands of plant species. All major field crops, vegetable crops, turf, ornamentals, legumes and weeds are susceptible to one or more of the root-knot species. In this study, nineteen weed species were found to be hosts for Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria race 2, and M. hapla in tomato fields in Khorasan Province, Iran. Egg mass production and galling differed (p < 0.05) among these weed species: Amaranthus blitoides, Portulaca oleracea, Polygonum aviculare, Convolvulus arvensis, Cyperus rotundus, Plantago lanceolatum, Rumex acetosa, Solanum nigrum, Datura stramonium, Acroptilon repens, Alcea rosa, Alhaji camelorum, Chenopodium album, Echinochla crusgalli, Hibiscus trionum, Kochia scoparia, Malva rotundifolia, Setaria viridis, Lactuca serriola. The species P. oleracea, A. blioides, S. nigrum, P. lanceolatum, Ch. album, and C. arvensis are major threats to the natural ecosystem in the Iranian province of Khorasan. A. blitoides collected from tomato fields was a good host for 4 Meloidogyne species. C. arvensis, as an important weed, was a distinguished appropriate host for M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica. S. nigrum and Ch. album were good hosts for M. hapla, M. javanica, M. incognita race 1, and M. arenaria race 3. In this survey, we reported E. crusgalli as a new host of M. javanica and C. rotundus was a good host for M. arenaria and M. incognita. S. nigrum was also reported as a new host of M. hapla. R. acetosella was reported as a host of M. arenaria. M. incognita was recently described as a new species infecting D. stramonium worldwide.
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DUMRONGPHUTTIDECHA, THISAKORN, SURADWADEE THUNGMUNGMEE, WARACHATE KHOBJAI, NAKUNTWALAI WISIDSRI, and SURACHAI TECHAEOI. "ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF HIBISCUS ACETOSELLA LEAVES EXTRACTS." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, September 21, 2019, 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s5.t0057.
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Objective: Hibiscus acetosella (HA) or Chaba Maple is native plant and cultivated in tropical western in Africa and north of America. The characteristicsof HA are red to purple in stem, leaf, and flower that are the pigment of antioxidant compound as anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are in the groupof flavonoid and have the role as functional foods which have several health benefits such as obesity and diabetes control, cardiovascular diseaseprevention, and others. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of HA leaves extracts.Materials and Methods: HA (Chaba Maple) leaves were collected in Pathum Thani province, Thailand, and were dried and extracted by macerationtechnique with three solvents – water, ethanol, and methanol. The antioxidant properties of extracts were carried out using 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The extracts wereexamined for their scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical (•OH) using hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide (NO) radical (•NO) using NOradical scavenging assay.Results: For ABTS, FRAP, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, ethanol extract showed the highest antioxidant property which the percentageinhibitions were 69.04%, 2381.84 μM/mg extract, and 62.88 mg/ml, respectively. For NO scavenging activity, methanol extract showed highest abilityto scavenge NO which percentage inhibition was 101.28±0.73 mg/ml.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that ethanolic, methanolic, and water extract of HA leaves had scavenge and reducing antioxidantproperties.
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THUNGMUNGMEE, SURADWADEE, NAKUNTWALAI WISIDSRI, WARACHATE KHOBJAI, THISAKORN DUMRONGPHUTTIDECHA, KHEMJIRA JAMKOM, and SURACHAI TECHAEOI. "THE CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF CHABA MAPLE (HIBISCUS ACETOSELLA) HOMEMADE JAM." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, September 19, 2019, 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s5.t0048.
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Objective: This study aimed to characterize physicochemical and chemical characteristics of Chaba maple (Hibiscus acetosella) homemade jam (CHJ)and determine its autoxidation ability.Methods: The physicochemical and chemical characteristics of CHJ were investigated. The color, viscosity, and pH were observed as physicochemicaldata while chemical properties were obtained from sugar content and total polyphenol content (TPC), determined using high-performance liquidchromatography refractometer and Folin–Ciocalteu assay, respectively. The antioxidant activities of CHJ were identified using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging ability methods.Results: The color and viscosity of CHJ were purple-red and 34,483.33±152.75 cP, respectively. The pH was at 3.78. The total sugar was not detectedin CHJ. The TPC of CHJ showed the highest (47.18±1.80 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g of jam) followed by Streamline (SL) (23.66±0.32 mgGAE/g of jam), Doikham (DK) (21.99±0.50 mg GAE/g of jam), and Best food (BF) (9.75±0.38 mg GAE/g of jam), respectively. Antioxidant activitiesof CHJ with %1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging of 100.00±1.39% and FRAP value of 1690.70±8.26 uM. Both of activitiesexhibited the highest activity and significantly different when compared with other jams. The %NO scavenging activity of CHJ and SL was 72.43±1.93%and 73.82±1.66%, respectively, which higher than DK and BF.Conclusion: This study shows good in both physicochemical and chemical characteristics of CHJ. The CHJ presents the highest TPC as well asantioxidant activities. Thus, a homemade jam of Chaba maple may be considered as a good source of antioxidants and functional foods.
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Feres, Anderson Costa, Robert Weingart Barreto, and Daniela Oliveira Lisboa. "First report of grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea on Hibiscus acetosella." Australasian Plant Disease Notes 13, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13314-018-0324-3.
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Kapoor, Manish, Gurdeep Kaur, Navneet Kaur, Chanchal Sharma, Kajal Batra, and Davinderpal Singh. "The Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Genus Hibiscus: A Review." European Journal of Medicinal Plants, June 3, 2021, 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2021/v32i430382.
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The genus Hibiscus belongs to the mallow family, Malvaceae comprising of about 275 species growing in tropical and sub tropical areas. The various species of genus Hibiscus have been used as traditional medicine all over the world. There are numerous reports of their traditional medicinal uses in various countries like India, Nigeria, China, and Srilanka etc. to cure various ailments such as hypertension, cardiac diseases, stomach-ache, urine problems, skin diseases and many more. Based on the historical knowledge, various pharmacological and phytochemical studies on some species of the genus Hibiscus have been done. Nevertheless, there are no up-to-date articles published which can provide an overview of pharmacological effects of the genus Hibiscus. Therefore, the main objective of the review article is to provide a systematic comprehensive summary of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Hibiscus and to build up a correlation between its traditional ethano-botanical uses and pharmacological activities so as to find some advanced research opportunities in this field. The given information on the ethano-botanical uses, phytoconstituents and various medicinal properties of the genus Hibiscus was gathered from the online scientific databases through search in Google, Google Scholar, Science Direct, NCBI, Pubmed, Springer Link, Research Gate by using some keywords as. Besides these websites other published literature and unpublished Ph.D. thesis and M.Sc. dissertation were also consulted. Previously conducted research revealed that the genus contains good amount of phytoconstituents such as antioxidants, phytosterols, saponins, lignin, essential oils, glycosides, and anthocyanins etc. Presence of these bioactive compounds in the crude extracts of the plants make it suitable for various medicinal properties like anti inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-proliferative, anti-ulcer, hypersensitive, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and many more. Additionally, this review article showed that mainly two species of the genus i.e. H. rosa-sinensis and H. sabdariffa have been explored for their pharmacological activities. There are few reports on some other species like H. tiliaceous, H. microanthus, H. asper, H. acetosella. This review highlights the medicinal potential of the plant Hibiscus due to its unique blend of phytochemicals. These phytoconstituents can be further assessed and subjected to clinical trials for their proper validations. Although large amount of the data regarding pharmacological effects has already been added to the existing reservoir but still potential of certain species like H. radiatus, H. hirtus, H. moschetous, H. trionum and many more is not yet unveiled and can be considered as future prospects that need to be worked out. 
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