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1
Mazou, Sébastien. ""Hic sunt leones" : défendre l'empire vénitien, 1453-1503." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20023.
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Ce travail de recherche constitue une étude du dispositif militaire dans le Stato da Mar, les territoires maritimes de l’empire vénitien, pendant la seconde moitié du XVe siècle. Au cours de cette période, deux guerres opposent la république de Venise à l’Empire ottoman. Elles se concluent par des pertes territoriales pour Venise. Nous avons analysé l’articulation entre les trois outils de la défense du Stato da Mar, – les garnisons, la flotte de guerre et les stradiotes (cavaliers légers d’origine balkanique) – et les tentatives des dirigeants vénitiens de répondre au défi de la lutte contre les Ottomans. L’accent est mis sur les acteurs de la guerre, afin d’apporter une vision moins verticale de l’organisation de la défense du Stato da Mar, en utilisant notamment des correspondances publiques, jusqu’ici peu sollicitées par les historiens. Le Frioul, région appartenant à la partie italienne de l’empire, a été inclus dans l’analyse car sa population est touchée par des attaques ottomanes. De plus, la conservation d’une documentation exceptionnelle sur cette région permet d’étudier sa perception des conflits vénéto-ottomans et ses relations avec les combattants de l’armée vénitienneThis research is based on a study of the military organization of the Stado da Mar, the maritime territories of the Venetian empire, during the second half of the XVth century. For most of the period, the Republic of Venice is fighting two wars against the Ottoman empire which end with territorial looses for Venice. We have analysed the cooperation of the three tools of the Stato da Mar’s defence – the garrisons, the war fleet and the stradiots (light mounted soldiers with Balkan origins) – and the Venetian leaders attempts to challenge and struggle with the Ottomans. We have insisted on the protagonists of the war, to show a less vertical vision of the Stato da Mar’s defence organization, using for this purpose public letters, few studied by historians until now. Friuli, region that belongs to the italian part of the empire, has been added in the analysis because its population suffers ottoman attacks during the period and because of the exceptional preservation of documents dealing with his perception of Venetian-Ottoman wars and his relationship with the venetian army soldiers
2
Matos, Daniel Pinheiro Rio Tinto de. "Cave Hic Anarchia: violência política e o conflito intraestatal." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8068.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação
apresentada
para
cumprimento
dos
requisitos
necessários
à
obtenção
do
grau
de
Mestre
em
Ciência
Política
e
Relações
Internacionais
(especialização
em
Relações
Internacionais)Nesta dissertação, procuro argumentar que existe um espaço de interseção entre dois corpos teóricos distintos, que focam-‐se em explicar dimensões distintas de um mesmo evento. A violência com fins políticos, enquanto fenômeno amplo, pode acontecer dentro ou fora das fronteiras territoriais do Estado. A Teoria de Relações Internacionais, dedica-‐se a entender como o fenômeno da violência política ocorre entre Estados, e a literatura dedicada à violência intraestatal e as guerras civis analisa as dinâmicas internas de violência entre agentes confinados ao Estado ou, de uma maneira geral, sub-‐estatais. Mais argumentando que a Anarquia é um espaço de interseção teórica e prática entre os dois corpos teóricos, e considerando que é este o ponto central que define a mobilização da violência para fins políticos nas explicações oferecidas por ambos deverá servir de elemento articulador em uma tentativa de alcançar um modelo de análise que tenta combinar os ensinamentos do Realismo Estrutural, e com estado da arte no estudo racional da relação entre institucionalização, forma de fazer a guerra, uso da violência com fins políticos e dos processos de conflito. Objetivando verificar a validade desta proposta, organizei um modelo baseado em testes simples baseados em perguntas referentes ao aparecimento de fenômenos ou dinâmicas de identificação relativamente simples, mantida a coerência interna e o valor explicativo complementar entre os diversos aspectos avaliados. Finalmente, conduzi um plausibility probe, submetendo o modelo de análise ao caso da Guerra Civil Angolana, de modo a demonstrar que a proposta é no mínimo, intelectualmente válida.
3
Pieri, Maria. "Regulation of vascular smooth muscle actin cytoskeleton by Hic-5." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/regulation-of-vascular-smooth-muscle-actin-cytoskeleton-by-hic5(3309e74d-0a10-4d04-b741-a99f64075620).html.
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Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) constitute an important component of blood vessels and are primarily responsible for vessel contraction. In vascular disorders such as hypertension and atherosclerosis as well as pregnancy and exercise, VSMC demonstrate increased capacity to proliferate and migrate, resulting in vascular remodelling. The actin cytoskeleton is an important component of vascular contractility and is also essential for proliferation and migration of VSMC. Vasoactive agonists such as Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Noradrenaline (NA), have been shown to mediate VSMC contraction through changes in actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion (FA) remodelling, and have also been reported to cause VSMC migration in the appropriate setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the signalling mechanisms responsible for FA dependent actin cytoskeleton remodelling of VSMC in response to ET-1 and NA, with a special focus on Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5 (Hic-5). The latter is a FA protein shown to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics in small arteries in response to Noradrenaline (NA) and the response of VSMC to arterial injury and abdominal aortic aneurysm. We have shown that Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Hic-5 regulated its subcellular localisation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and VSMC, but was not responsible for the effects of ET-1 and NA on actin filament remodelling or Hic-5 redistribution in VSMC. ET-1 stimulation caused an increase in Hic-5 localisation at FAs concurrent with an increase in the density of actin filaments, whereas NA stimulation caused a decrease in Hic-5 localisation at FAs in VSMC concurrent with actin filament redistribution at the cell cortex. Hic-5 was the FA protein that demonstrated the most dramatic changes in subcellular localisation in response to ET-1 and NA, when compared to paxillin (Hic-5 homologue) or vinculin (classical FA marker). NA-mediated changes in Hic-5 localisation and actin filament distribution were more pronounced compared to ET-1-mediated changes. Further investigation into the NA-induced changes suggested that actin filament disassembly preceded Hic-5 relocalisation from FAs to the cytosol. These results show that vasoactive peptides cause Hic-5 relocalisation and actin filament rearrangement in VSMCs in an agonist-dependent manner. Given that VSMC FA remodelling and actin cytoskeleton reorganisation occur during contraction and arterial remodelling, our data identify Hic-5 as a key regulator of these processes in response to NA and ET-1. Furthermore, these data have implications in agonist- specific VSM function such as migration and contraction.
4
Zeng, Xiaobei. "Functional evidence for HIC-1 as a tumor suppressor gene." Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3068237.
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Kysilko, Vít. "Optimalizace HIC kritéria při nárazu impaktorem hlavy na kapotu auta." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230463.
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Kvůli stále značnému počtu usmrcených chodců při dopravních nechodách se výrobci automobilů snaží pomocí vhodné konstrukce automobilu zmírnit následky způsobené nehodou. Při srážce impaktoru hlavy s kapotou automobilu dochází ke zpomalení impaktoru a na toto zpomalení je aplikováno HIC kitérium. HIC kritérium vyhodnocuje míru možnosti poranění hlavy při srážce. Cílem diplomové práce je výběr nejvhodnějšího časového průběhu zpomalení dětského impaktoru hlavy při srážce s kapotou automobilu Škoda Superb II z hlediska HIC kritéria a navržení konstrukčních úprav kapoty a okolních částí, které se dostanou do kontaktu tak, aby se skutečný průběh blížil teoretické fyziologicky přípustné variantě. Pro výpočtové modelování úlohy byla použita explicitní varianta metody konečných prvků (MKP). V první části práce jsou analyzovány data ze simulací úderu impaktoru dětské hlavy na kapotu auta, zvlástě pak analýzy částí energie spotřebované kapotou při srážce s impaktorem. Tyto data byly poskytnuté firmou Škoda Auto a.s. Další část se zaobírá návrhem křivek zpomalení se sinusovým, čtvercovým a trojúhelníkým tvarem. Dále je také navržena 2 vrcholová trojúhelníhová křivka zpomalení, jež je pomocí parametrů modifikovatelná. Optimalizací aproximovaného modelu geometrie kapoty automobilu při dopadu impaktoru hlavy na navržený model geometrie kapoty je zajištěno podobné shody s dříve optimalizovanou 2 vrcholovou trojúhleníkovou křivkou zpomalení. V další části je použit originální model geometrie kapoty automobilu Škoda Superb II a další optimalizace modelu geometrie kapoty vůči optimálnímu časovému průběhu zpomalení.
6
Michelon, Francesca. "Errat hic aliquis dolus. Tromperie et dissimulation dans les tragédies de Sénèque." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040043.
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Ce travail est consacré à l’analyse des scènes de tromperie et de dissimulation dans le corpus tragique de Sénèque. La première section propose une analyse du vocabulaire que les auteurs tragiques ont utilisé, ainsi qu’une étude consacrée à la structure des moments de tromperie et de dissimulation, étude isolant les personnages, les passages scéniques, l’organisation et les modalités. Pour commencer, nous avons étudié les textes d’Ennius, Pacuvius et Accius, où nous avons cherché des références plus ou moins explicites au thème de la tromperie et de la dissimulation. Nous avons donc poursuivi notre analyse avec les textes de Sénèque pour lesquels nous avons classé le vocabulaire, les personnages et les loci dramatiques. Dans la deuxième partie du travail nous nous sommes intéressés à la scénographie des drames, le regnum d’un côté, le paysage naturel de l’autre. Pour le regnum, nous avons approfondi le lien entre pouvoir et dissimulation, thème qui s’insère dans la réflexion de Sénèque, aussi dans les Dialogues et les Epîtres. La représentation du paysage naturel fait ressortir le lien qui unit les personnages et leurs vicissitudes à l’espace que les entoureThis study is dedicated to the analysis of deception and pretence in Seneca’s tragic corpus.The first section is dedicated to the terminology of deception and to its morphology; we propose an analysis of the vocabularies used by the various dramatists together with a study focused on the structure of deceptive moments, to isolate characters, scenic landscapes, organization and modalities. We started from the texts of Ennius, Pacuvius and Accius, in order to find references to the themes of deception and pretence. We moved to the analysis of Seneca’s tragedies to highlight both the lexical choices of the author and the features used to build up the fraudulent actions; on these themes, the study goes on with a classification of the terminology, of the characters and of the dramatic loci. The second section of the thesis is focused on the dramatic scenography, the regnum and the natural environment. In the first case, we aim at investigating the relationship between dissimulation and power, which is really important also in Seneca’s Dialogi et Epistulae, Also focusing on the natural environment, centre of Phaedra and Thyestes, we can notice the close link between the characters, their stories and the place they use
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ONALI, SIMONA. "Working mechanism of Hic-5 in human and experimental NAFLD-related liver fibrosis." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/311748.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by a wide spectrum of pathological findings, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Fibrosis severity is the main determinant of liver-related complications and mortality, therefore its regression is considered an important therapeutic endpoint in clinical trials evaluating pharmacological intervention in NAFLD. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) by transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a well-established driver of liver fibrogenesis. Recently, a TGFβ-modulated protein, namely hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5 (Hic-5) has been proposed as a novel potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis, since its knockdown attenuated experimental liver fibrosis in mice. However, limited data are available regarding its expression in human HSC, while no study has investigated its role in the setting of NAFLD so far.
Based on these premises, the aim of my thesis was first to characterize Hic-5 expression in human HSC according to different hepatic microenvironment (healthy versus fibrotic); secondly to assess whether Hic-5 is expressed in human and experimental NAFLD.
To investigate the first aim, primary human HSC were cultured in a new 3-dimensional (3D) culture model based on decellularized human liver extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from healthy and cirrhotic livers. Compared to traditional 2D cultures, Hic-5 gene expression was significantly upregulated in HSC cultured in the 3D model. This effect was further enhanced upon TGFβ stimulation in healthy scaffolds. Moreover, higher Hic-5 mRNA levels were detected in HSC cultured in cirrhotic scaffolds compared to healthy scaffolds, suggesting that Hic-5 expression and its modulation by TGFβ are strongly affected by liver- and disease specific ECM features.
Based on these preliminary in-vitro results, I decided to further investigate Hic-5 expression in human NAFLD samples obtained from obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Immunohistochemical staining showed an increased expression of Hic-5 in fibrotic liver tissue, which overlapped alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive areas.
In order to better elucidate the role of Hic-5 across NAFLD progression, a nutritional rat model of NAFLD, based on the administration of choline-deficient (CD) diet, was employed and hepatic Hic-5 expression analyzed at different time points. After 3 days of CD diet Hic-5 mRNA levels were not significantly upregulated, suggesting that fatty liver alone without associated liver fibrosis does not affect Hic-5 expression. Accordingly, no difference in α-SMA gene expression was observed compared to control diet. In contrast, administration of CD diet for 7 weeks led to increased mRNA expression of Hic-5 along with αSMA, TGFβ1 and collagen type 1A1. Upregulation of Hic-5 was further confirmed at the protein level by Western blot analysis. Similar findings were obtained when CD diet was given for 11 weeks. Interestingly, the administration of a triiodothyronine(T3)-supplemented diet for 1 week, which has been previously shown to revert rat fatty liver, was able to reduce the expression of Hic-5. The same effect of T3 on Hic-5 was seen on the microenvironment surrounding preneoplastic nodules during NASH-related experimental liver carcinogenesis. Since T3 administration was associated with regression of preneoplastic nodules not expressing Hic-5 or αSMA, we speculate that its antifibrotic effect may contribute to preneoplastic nodules regression.
Taken together, these results highlight the role of Hic-5 in HSC activation in vitro and its association with NAFLD progression. Further studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms regulating Hic-5 expression in NAFLD-related fibrosis and the effects of thyroid receptor’s agonists in order to identify potential anti-fibrotic therapies
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Petropoulos, Christos. "Common and specific functions of paxillin and hic-5 in invadosome formation and activity." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV009.
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L'invasion cellulaire est un processus basé sur la dynamique des invadosomes, qui sont desstructures acto-adhesives capables de dégrader localement la matrice extracellulaire. Lesinvadosomes sont composés d'un coeur riche en actine-F entouré par un assemblage desprotéines d'adhésion conduisant à la dégradation de la matrice extracellulaire par lerecrutement et la sécrétion des protéases. Les cellules MEF exprimantes la formeconstitutivement active de la kinase Src (SrcY527F) forment des invadosomes quis'organisent sous forme d'anneaux ou rosettes. Paxilline et hic-5 (une protéine homologue àla paxilline) ont des rôles spécifiques dans la morphologie cellulaire et la plasticité pendantl'invasion cellulaire. La structure de ces deux protéines se caractérise par la présence dedomaines LIM dans la partie C-terminale et de motifs LD dans la partie N-terminale. Cettesimilarité suggère que ces protéines peuvent avoir des fonctions redondantes. L'importance dela famille des protéines paxillines dans la formation des invadosomes a été examiné en tentantd'induire des invadosomes via l'expression de la forme constitutivement active de la kinaseSrc (SrcY527F) dans des cellules déplétées en paxilline et hic-5 (cellules pax-/- et déplétées enhic-5 par shRNA). La formation des invadosomes a été totalement bloquéequand l'expression de ces deux protéines a été diminuée de manière significativesimultanément indiquant leur redondance fonctionnelle. La ré-expression de nombreuxmutants de la paxilline dans ce contexte cellulaire a permis de montrer que les domaines LIMde paxilline n'étaient pas nécessaires pour la formation de l'anneau des invadosomes. Aucontraire, ces études de structure-fonctions ont permis de mettre en évidence le rôle essentieldes motifs LD3 et LD5 considérablement dans l'assemblage des rosettes. En outre, l'ordreprécis de chaque LD dans la molécule de paxilline est essentiel pour leur travail coopératifdans la régulation des invadosomes. Après avoir montré la redondance fonctionnelle entrepaxillin et hic-5, nous avons voulu déterminer leurs fonctions spécifiques. Pour cela,différents traitements siRNAs nous ont permis de diminuer spécifiquement l'expression depaxillin et/ou hic-5 dans des cellules formant des invadosomes. La déplétion rapide de lapaxilline a réduit la formation des rosettes alors que celle de hic-5 a affecté de manièreimportante la dégradation de la matrice extracellulaire. En effet, l'identification despartenaires spécifiques de paxilline et hic-5 à révélé que cette dernière interagissaitspécifiquement avec IQGAP1. Cette protéine est un facteur essentiel pour le recrutement del'exocyst, un complexe régulant la sécrétion locale de métalloprotéases dans lesinvadosomes. En conclusion, il apparaît que l'action complémentaire de la paxilline et hic-5 aun rôle essentiel dans la régulation des fonctions cellulaires assurées par les invadosomesCellular invasion is based on invadosome dynamics where acto-adhesive machinery iscoupled with extracellular matrix proteolysis. Each invadosome unit is composed by a denseF-actin core surrounded by a ring of adhesion molecules that localizes intense ECMdegradation activity via the recruitment and secretion of lytic enzymes. Invadosomes in MEFstransformed with an activated form of the Src kinase (SrcY527F) auto-assemble into circularmeta-structures called rings or rosettes. Paxillin and the closely related family member hic-5(hydrogen peroxide inducible clone 5) have been recently identified as critical determinants ofcell morphology and plasticity during cell invasion with distinct signaling functions.However, the two proteins have a similar overall domain structure, including amino-terminalLD motifs and carboxyl-terminal LIM domains suggesting overlapping or redundantfunctions. We examined the importance of this class of proteins in invadosome formation, byexpressing SrcY527F in pax-/- cells depleted or not of hic-5. Only when the expression of bothproteins was significantly decreased, invadosome formation was blocked indicating theirfunctional redundancy. Importantly, LIM domain of paxillin was dispensable for ringformation whereas individual depletion of LD3 and LD5 motifs dramatically reducedinvadosome rosette assembly. Furthermore, the precise order of each LD in the paxillin'smolecule was necessary to allow their cooperativity during invadosome formation. Beyondtheir redundancy, their distinct roles in invadosomes were assessed via siRNA strategy aimingat the acute depletion of each molecule. Rapid depletion of paxillin reduced invadosome ringformation whereas hic-5 silencing dramatically affected extracellular matrix degradation. Hic-5 role in ECM degradation was enhanced by the fact that it was found to specifically interactwith IQGAP1, a CDC42- effector that is essential to recruit the exocyst complex ininvadosomes. In summary, the functional redundancy of paxillin and hic-5 suggests anextensive cross-talk between these two closely related proteins in the regulation ofinvadosome-based cellular functions
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Perdicoyianni-Paléologou, Hélène. "Anaphore, cataphore et deixis chez Plaute : les emplois de is, hic, iste et ille." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040075.
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Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié l'anaphore, la cataphore et la deixis effectuées par les pronoms-adjectifs is, hic, iste, ille, et les adverbes qui sont faits sur le même thème chez Plaute. La première partie est consacrée à l'anaphore d'un N et d'un SN dans la narration, celle des propositions et des phrases et, enfin, aux anaphores indirectes. L'étude des emplois anaphoriques des pronoms-adjectifs a mis en évidence que is est un authentique anaphorique et doté de valeur neutre. Il sert aussi à assurer la continuité narrative dans le passé. En revanche, hic est employé pour lier le présent au passé au cours du récit. Hic partage avec ille la fonction de "Resumed Topic" et la valeur résomptive. Ille est aussi doté d'une fonction de focalisation contrastive. La seconde partie traite les emplois cataphoriques de is, hic, iste, ille qui introduisent des phrases ou des propositions relatives avec lesquelles ils sont en corrélation, des complétives ou des propositions exprimant la temporalité ou la restriction. Leur rôle est d'attirer l'attention de l'interlocuteur sur ce que le locuteur s'apprête à dire. La troisième partie examine les emplois déictiques de hic, iste, ille qui sont des symboles indexicaux incomplets. Les emplois déictiques de ces pronoms-adjectifs confirment leur assignation traditionnelle aux "personnes grammaticales" et la définition de leur valeur en se référant au seul locuteurIn this work, we study the anaphora, cataphora and deixis made by is, hic, iste, ille, as well as the adverbs which derive from the same stem in Plautus. Specifically, we examine their syntactic and semantic functions and single out their similarities and dissimilitudes. The first part deals with anaphoras made by a N and a NS within a narrative text, those made by clauses and sentences and, finally, indirect anaphoras. This study shows that is is an authentic anaphoric endowed with a neutral function. Is maintains narrative continuity within the past. Moreover, hic links the present with the past throughout the narrative Hic and ille function as "Resumed Topic" and are endowed with a resumptive function. Finally, ille bears a degree of contrastive focality. The second part is devoted to cataphoric usages of is, hic, iste, ille which announce sentences or noun clauses as well as temporal, restictive and relative clauses in correlation. The cataphorics draw the interlocutor's attention to the speech of the locutor. The third part examines deictic usages of hic, iste, ille which function as incomplete indexical symbols. Their usages assert their traditional designation to "grammatical person " and the definition of their meaning which is referred to the sole locutor
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Robinson, Robinson María del Carmen. "Efecto de la Adición de Extremos Polipeptídicos Hidrofóbicos en la Expresión y Purificación por HIC de cutinasas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104869.
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El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar el efecto de la adición de un extremo
polipeptídico hidrofóbico a una enzima, en particular una cutinasa, en la producción,
recuperación y purificación por Cromatografía de Interacción Hidrofóbica (HIC).
Para realizar este estudio, se escogieron 3 combinaciones de los aminoácidos tirosina (Y),
triptófano (W) y prolina (P), y se realizaron mutaciones en la enzima, mediante la técnica de
“Polymerase Chain Reaction” (PCR). Se obtuvieron satisfactoriamente las mutantes CutinasaWPWP
y Cutinasa-YYY, y en el caso de la combinación YPYPYP se obtuvo una secuencia más
larga en 32 aminoácidos que la diseñada, denominada YPY*.
Como resultado se obtuvo que dichos extremos aumentaron la hidrofobicidad superficial
global teórica de la proteína en un 12,4% en el caso de la Cutinasa-YYY, en un 16,6% en el caso
de la Cutinasa-WPWP y en el caso de una correcta construcción de la Cutinasa-YPYPYP, se
hubiera incrementado en un 14,1%. En el caso de la Cutinasa-YPY* se estima que la
hidrofobicidad superficial teórica es mayor a este último valor, aunque no pudo ser calculado,
debido a que no fue posible aplicar los supuestos que permitían determinarla.
Las cepas recombinantes de E. coli que expresan estas proteínas se crecieron e indujeron
bajo condiciones definidas, y se les extrajo desde la región periplasmática de la célula,
obteniéndose una gran variabilidad (> 50 % en algunos casos) en los resultados en cuanto a
actividad y proteína total presentes en las muestras.
En el caso de la cutinasa mutada con la secuencia YYY se observó una disminución
drástica de la concentración de proteína, en comparación con la cepa nativa, al igual que escasa
actividad cutinasa. Esto tendría relación con la ausencia de prolina en el extremo adicionado, ya
que este aminoácido, más que otorgar hidrofobicidad a la secuencia, le otorgaría estabilidad,
debido a que permite la total exposición del extremo al medio y evita que interactúe con otras
regiones de la proteína. Se descartó esta mutante durante el proceso de purificación, debido a la
casi nula recuperación de proteína.
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Prabhu, Ghanashyam Lankarani Hamid M. "Parametric study of head paths and HIC data for aircraft seat and cabin interior certification." Diss., A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2006. http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/handle/10057/674.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. Mechanical of Engineering."December 2006." Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 4, 2007). Thesis adviser: Hamid M. Lankarani. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 66-68).
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Trosseille, Xavier. "Contribution a la recherche d'une alternative au critere de tolerance cerebrale (hic) dans un environnement automobile." Paris, ENSAM, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENAM0015.
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Les lesions cranio-encephaliques restent, malgre le port de la ceinture de securite, une des atteintes les plus frequentes de l'occupant d'un vehicule lors d'un accident de la circulation. Or, il n'existe pas actuellement de critere de tolerance pertinent prenant en compte les multiples mecanismes lesionnels. Le but de cette recherche est de contribuer a la mise au point d'un modele qui, a partir des mesures effectuees sur mannequin lors d'essais de chocs, permette de predire le risque lesionnel pour le cerveau, ou de comprendre les mecanismes intervenant. La premiere phase du travail a consiste a modeliser la tete, tout d'abord par un modele discret donnant les premiers modes de vibration du cerveau, puis ensuite par modele elements finis, de facon a decrire dans toute sa complexite le comportement du cerveau dans la boite cranienne. Pour ce faire, un protocole experimental sur cadavre a ete mis au point. Des essais ont ete realisee et une etude parametrique a ete effectuee pour evaluer et tenter d'ameliorer un modele deja existant. La deuxieme phase du travail doit permettre de determiner des seuils de tolerance. Pour cela, des experimentations sur boxeurs volontaires ont ete menees a bien. Les essais ont consiste a mesurer les accelerations lineaires et angulaires de la tete des boxeurs lors de coups recus pendant des matchs d'entrainement. La simulation des coups par le modele e. F. Etudie dans la premiere partie a permis d'obtenir une sous-estimation des tolerances. Pour finir, une application de cette etude a un moyen de protection de la tete a ete realisee par simulation, a l'aide du modele e. F. , d'impacts de tete sur volant ou sur sac gonflable
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FRISO, ISABELLA. "Hic sunt leones, la presenza del limite nell'architettura contemporanea : il Salk Institute di Louis Isidore Kahn." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278344.
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Ramírez, Mario Fernando González. "Influência da microestrutura nas propriedades mecânicas e na fragilização por hidrogênio em um aço microligado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-19072013-170730/.
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A tecnologia dos aços microligados para transporte de gás natural e petróleo tem sido pressionada pelo descobrimento das novas jazidas e o aumento da demanda no mundo. As solicitações ambientais e de resistência mecânica são os parâmetros para o desenvolvimento de aços de alta resistência baixa liga para o transporte de gás e petróleo a menor custo e de forma segura. Neste contexto esta pesquisa investiga, em um aço microligado para tubos API 5L X80, o efeito das transformações de fase obtidas por resfriamentos controlados na fratura induzida por hidrogênio Hydrogen Induced Cracking-(HIC) e nas propriedades mecânicas. Os testes de HIC foram realizados no material como recebido, na espessura da chapa submetida a resfriamentos contínuos e em amostras do material tratadas de forma a simular as regiões de grão grosso da zona afetada pelo calor (GGZAC). Segundo o ciclo de resfriamento, os aços microligados têm microestruturas complexas, como é caso do aço microligado em estudo, onde sua microestrutura, estudada em trabalhos anteriores, é formada principalmente por ferrita, bainita, perlita e microconstituinte austenita/martensita (AM). A morfologia, tamanho, quantidade e distribuição dos produtos de transformação na chapa mudam as propriedades do aço. Esses fenômenos são de grande interesse tecnológico em aços microligados para a fabricação de tubos soldados para o transporte de gás e petróleo, tanto quando a solda é realizada em campo como também durante o encurvamento por indução; aqui as propriedades mecânicas do tubo decorrentes do processo de fabricação termomecânico podem ser degradadas pela ação do aquecimento e dos resfriamentos experimentados na zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC), principalmente na região de GGZAC. A simulação dos ciclos térmicos para o estudo da HIC na espessura da chapa foram realizados em CP austenitizados a 900ºC e submetidos a resfriamentos contínuos no dilatômetro de têmpera. Para simular os ciclos térmicos com resfriamentos controlados focados na GGZAC e a seguir obter CP de tamanho adequado para testes de tração e Charpy, foi necessário fazer os tratamentos térmicos a 1300ºC e resfriamentos contínuos em um simulador termomecânico e dilatômetro Gleeble. O maior tamanho da amostra tratada termicamente neste último equipamento permitiu extrair amostras para avaliar as propriedades mecânicas e a HIC do material, pois as diferentes regiões da ZAC em uma solda real são restritas e não permitem este tipo de ensaios em uma região específica da ZAC. Os resultados permitiram identificar a suscetibilidade de cada microestrutura produto da transformação da austenita na espessura da chapa, sendo a região central da chapa a mais sensível ao hidrogênio no aço como recebido e quando tratado a baixas taxas de resfriamento de 0,5°C/s após austenitizado a 900°C. As bandas grosseiras formadas por estruturas de maior dureza que a matriz na região central diminuíram a resistência à HIC. Da mesma forma nos corpos de prova que simulam a região GGZAC, a fratura induzida pelo hidrogênio foi localizada na região central da espessura embora apresente bainita e ferrita acicular. A falha possivelmente se deve aos elementos remanescentes segregados nesta região central e partição de carbono para os sub contornos de grão da bainita e ferrita que cresceram a partir a austenita primária. As inclusões e precipitados, segundo seu tipo, forma e localização na microestrutura, participam ou não da nucleação e propagação da trinca, sendo a posição mais crítica quando localizadas dentro das estruturas bandeadas. Não foi observada a nucleação de trincas na presença de hidrogênio em precipitados de Nb e Ti.The technology of microalloyed steels for the transportation of natural gas and oil has been pressed by the discovery of new deposits and the increased demand in the world. Environmental requests for safety and ever increasing mechanical strength are the parameters for the development of high strength low alloy steels for transporting gas and oil at lower cost and safely. In this context, this research investigates, in a microalloyed steel pipe API 5L X80, the effect of phase transformations obtained by controlled cooling on the behavior when loaded with hydrogen - Hydrogen Induced Cracking - (HIC) and in the mechanical properties. HIC tests were performed on as-received material, on samples extracted from the thickness of the plate and subjected to continuous cooling and on samples of the material treated to simulate the coarse-grained regions of heat affected zone (CGHAZ). According to the cooling cycle, the microalloyed steels have complex microstructures: in the steel under evaluation its microstructure, studied in a previous work, consists mainly of ferrite, bainite, pearlite and austenite/martensite constituent (AM). The morphology, size, quantity and distribution of the products of transformation change the properties of plate steel. These phenomena are of great technological interest in microalloyed steels for the fabrication of welded tubes for the transport of gas and oil, when the welding is performed in the field as well as during hot bending; here the mechanical properties of the tube from the process of thermomechanical fabrication can be degraded by the action of heating and cooling experienced in the heat affected zone (HAZ), mainly in the region of CGHAZ. Simulations of thermal cycles for the study of HIC on sheet thickness were performed in coupons subjected to austenitization at 900ºC followed by continuous cooling in the dilatometer. To simulate the thermal cycles with controlled cooling, focused in the CGHAZ, and getting suitable sample sizes for tensile testing and Charpy, it was necessary to austenitize at 1300ºC followed by continuous cooling using the thermal and thermomechanical simulator in a Gleeble dilatometer. Samples heat treated in this equipment were suitable to evaluate the mechanical properties and the HIC of the material for different regions of HAZ, while a real weld would not have enough material to allow this type of testing on a specific region of HAZ. The results showed the susceptibility of each microstructure product of austenite transformation and of the position on the plate thickness. The central region of the plate was more sensitive to hydrogen in the steel as-received and when treated at low cooling rates of 0.5°C/s after austenitization at 900°C. The bands formed by coarse structures of greater hardness than the matrix in the central region decreased the resistance to HIC. Likewise in coupons that simulate the CGHAZ region, the fracture induced by hydrogen was located in the central thickness line, even when the microstructure were bainite and acicular ferrite. Failure there was possibly due to remnants of segregated elements in this central region and carbon partition to the subboundaries of the bainite and ferrite grain that grew from the primary austenite. Inclusions and precipitates, according to their type, shape and location in the microstructure, participating or not in the nucleation and propagation of the crack, were more critical when located within the banded structures; crack nucleation in the presence of hydrogen was not observed at Nb and Ti precipitates.
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Wang, Hui. "The Roles of a LIM Domain Protein, Hic-5/ARA55, in TGF-β Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1220931692.
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Shola, Dorjee Tsewang Norbu. "The Roles of Hic-5 in BMP Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells and Generation of Knockout Mouse Model." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1310088502.
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Kong, Sing Youne Lie. "De nouvelles applications des surfactants non ioniques à la purification des protéines : préparation de colorants immobilisés mécaniquement résistants : exploration d'un nouveau concept de partition d'affinité avec partition de phases thermo induite : préparation de supports chromatographiques mécaniquement résistants pour la chromatographie d'interactions hydrophobes." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD470.
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Si l'on greffe à l'extrémité hydrophile d'un surfactant de type polyoxyéthylène éther un colorant réactif, il est possible de percoler ce surfactant modifié sur une colonne de phase inverse. La partie hydrophobe du surfactant modifié fait qu'il est retenu sur le support, la partie hydrophile agit comme un spacer et présente au solvant le colorant. La colonne ainsi traitée n'a plus guère ou n'a plus du tout, de caractère de phase inverse et peut être utilisée comme le serait une colonne de colorant immobilisé sur agarose. Cette technique a permis la préparation de supports de colorants immobilisés mécaniquement résistants. Des applications à la purification de ribonucléase et de chymotrysinogène et aussi à la purification à l'échelle préparative du Pop Corn Inhibiteur sont présentées. On peut utiliser le même surfactant mais non modifié percolé sur une colonne de phase inverse. Les propriétés de la colonne sont radicalement changées, sa surface rappelle celle d'une colonne greffée avec du polyéthylène glycol et elle peut être utilisée pour la chromatographie d'interactions hydrophobes de protéines en haute performance. A basse force ionique les protéines ne sont pas retenues, à haute force ionique les protéines sont retenues et peuvent être désorbées par un gradient décroissant de force ionique. Une application de ce type de colonne dans la purification d'un aspartyl protéase de Rhizopus est présentée. Finalement un nouveau concept de partition d'affinité faisant usage de la partition de phase thermo-induite de Triton X114 a aussi été exploré. Un colorant a été greffé sur le Triton X114 ou sur un surfactant de type polyoxyéthylène éther. Ceci n'a pas permis comme cela avait été espéré d'entraîner la protéine cible de ce ligand d'affinité vers la phase surfactant.
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Montecinos, Pavez Catalina Aurora. "Estudio del Efecto de la Adición de Extremos Hidrofóbicos en la Expresión y Purificación por HIC de Xilanasas Recombinantes." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/103516.
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En la producción de proteínas una de las etapas más importantes es la de purificación, por lo que muchos estudios se enfocan en modificar esta etapa de manera de mejorar la pureza de la proteína de interés. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo estudiar el efecto de la adición de un extremo polipeptídico hidrofóbico corto (tag) a una xilanasa, en su producción, recuperación y purificación por Cromatografía de Interacción Hidrofóbica (HIC).
Para el estudio se escogieron 4 combinaciones de los aminoácidos tirosina (Y), triptófano (W) y prolina (P) para formar la secuencia del extremo, y se realizaron mutaciones en la proteína para adicionar esta secuencia en el extremo C terminal de la misma por medio de la técnica de Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Se obtuvieron exitosamente las mutantes Xilanasa-(WP)2, Xilanasa-(YP)2Y, Xilanasa-Y3 y Xilanasa-(YP)3.
Las cepas de la proteína modificada con estos extremos se crecieron e indujeron bajo condiciones definidas, y se les extrajo de la fracción periplasmática de la célula, se midió actividad enzimática y proteína total, y actividad específica. Para la cepa nativa y las mutantes, se observó una baja producción de proteína, como se indica en los resultados de proteína y actividad total. Debido a esto se sugiere hacer un estudio de las condiciones óptimas de crecimiento e inducción tanto para la proteína nativa como para las modificadas.
En el caso de la xilanasa mutada con la secuencia (YP)3, se observó que en la fracción periplasmática obtuvo la menor cantidad de proteína total, pero la mayor actividad xilanolítica total, mientras que para el resto de las mutantes, se obtuvo una mayor actividad total en la fracción extracelular. Por esto, se recomienda hacer un estudio para analizar las causas de esta forma de expresión de la xilanasa en estudio.
Las fracción periplasmática de la cepa nativa y las 4 cepas mutadas se analizó por HIC utilizando como matriz hidrofóbica Butil Sefarosa y se calculó gráficamente los tiempos de retención adimensional (DRT) de a cuerdo a la fracción en que eluyó la proteína en cada caso.
Para la xilanasa nativa y las 4 mutadas se observó una tendencia similar en los cromatogramas, y los DRT presentaron un aumento porcentual promedio respecto de la xilanasa nativa de 46,17 % y 31,82 % para las mutantes Xilanasa-(WP)2 y Xilanasa-(YP)2Y respectivamente, mientras que para la Xilanasa-Y3 se observó una disminución de la hidrofobicidad en un 16,6 %. El aumento de los DRT coincide con la presencia de prolinas en el extremo adicionado, mientras que la disminución del mismo se observa en ausencia de este aminoácido. La Xilanasa-(YP)3 se excluyó del estudio de los DRT, debido a que no presentó actividad en medio sólido en las fracciones de la cromatografía, por lo que no se pudo determinar en qué fracción eluyó dicha proteína. Esto se debe probablemente a la baja cantidad de proteína presente en el periplasma de esta cepa.
Se calculó la hidrofobicidad superficial de la xilanasa nativa, y el aporte de cada cola a ella. Sin embargo, para esto se utilizó un modelo de xilanasa cuya secuencia posee aproximadamente un 38% de parecido, por lo que no es confiable, y se recomienda buscar un modelo que tenga un mayo porcentaje de similitud con la proteína de trabajo o modelar la misma.
Es posible concluir que el aumento de hidrofobicidad superficial de la proteína xilanasa debida a la adición de una secuencia corta de aminoácidos hidrofóbicos, permite un aumento del DRT de las proteínas para el caso de las extremos que contienen prolina como la (WP)2 e (YP)2Y. En el caso del extremo que no tiene prolina (Y3), se observa una disminución de los tiempos de retención adimensional, por lo que se recomienda continuar el estudio de extremos hidrofóbicas sin prolinas, para confirmar la importancia de la presencia de este aminoácido en la secuencia de estos extremos.
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Silva, Rodrigo Rocha. "Abordagens para cubo de dados massivos com alta dimensionalidade baseadas em memória principal e memória externa : HIC e BCubing." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2015. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3380.
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Abordagens para computação de cubos de dados utilizando a estratégia de índices invertidos, tais como Frag-Cubing, são alternativas eficientes em relação às tradicionais abordagens para computação de cubos de dados com alta dimensionalidade, entretanto tais abordagens são limitadas pela memória principal (RAM) disponível. Neste trabalho, é apresentadado duas abordgens iniciais: qCube e H-Frag. qCube é uma extensão da abordagem Frag-Cubing que possibilita consultas de intervalo e H-Frag é uma abordagem que utiliza memória principal e memória externa a partir de definições do usuário. Com base nas abordagens iniciais, propomos duas outras que utilizam o sistema de memória composto por memória principal e memória externa, o qual chamamos de sistema híbrido de memória, para computar e manter atualizado cubos com alta dimensionalidade e elevado número de tuplas: HIC e bCubing. Em HIC, partições de cubos são armazenados em RAM e na memória externa utilizando a mesma representação de Frag-Cubing, contudo valores de atributos frequentes são armazenados em memória principal e valores de atributos pouco frequentes são armazenados em memória externa. HIC utiliza um parâmetro, chamado frequência acumulada crítica, para definir quais os valores de atributo são armazenados em memória principal ou em memória externa. bCubing particiona uma lista de identificadores de tuplas (TIDs) implementando a inversão de tuplas em dois níveis: um nível onde o identificador é o índice de bloco (BID) e o segundo nível onde o identificador é o índice da tupla (TID). As listas de TIDs dos valores de atributos são armazenadas em memória externa. As listas de BIDs são mantidas em memória principal e indexadas pelos valores de atributos. bCubing é capaz de calcular e manter atualizadas medidas holísticas de forma exata em cubos com alta dimensionalidade e elevado número de tuplas. Experimentos utilizando uma relação com 480 dimensões e 107 tuplas mostram que a abordagem bCubing é apenas 30% mais lenta do que Frag-Cubing para computação de cubos e aproximadamente 3 vezes mais rápida para responder consultas multidimensionais complexas a partir de tais relações. Um cubo massivo com 60 dimensões e 109 tuplas foi computado por bCubing usando 84 GB de RAM, enquanto o Frag-Cubing não computou tal cubo em uma máquina com 128 GB de RAM sem realizar operações de swap do sistema operacional. O impacto do cálculo de medidas holísticas em um cubo de dados com alta dimensionalidade também foi avaliado e os resultados demonstram que a abordagem bCubing gasta, em média, 10% mais tempo ao calcular medidas holísticas do que consultas com medidas COUNT. A abordagem bCubing respondeu consultas em um cubo de dados com 1.2 bilhões de tuplas em até 4 minutos, sendo uma destas consultas Q composta por dois operadores de subcubo e um operador EQUAL. A consulta Q calculou três medidas holísticas de forma exata: desvio padrão, mediana e moda.
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Forot, Clément. "Application de la perméation d’hydrogène vers la prédiction des risques de fissuration interne des aciers." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10348.
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L'objectif de ce travail est de prédire les risques de fissuration par H2S d'aciers au carbone à très haute limite d'élasticité utilisés en environnement pétrolier. Nous nous intéressons aux conditions de sévérité modérées, caractérisées par des teneurs faibles mais non nulles en H2S dans le milieu corrosif. Dans ces environnements, le chargement en hydrogène dans les aciers est lent, et les temps d'incubation avant apparition de fissures internes de type HIC peuvent donc être longs. En complément des essais standards de tenue à la fissuration des aciers, il est donc important de pouvoir disposer de méthodes rapides et fiables d'évaluation des risques de fissuration. La principale technique expérimentale mise en oeuvre est la perméation électrochimique d'hydrogène. Elle est mise à profit afin d'étudier le chargement, la diffusion et le piégeage de l'hydrogène dans différents aciers à haute limite d'élasticité en environnement faiblement concentré en H2S. En complément des essais de perméation, nous effectuons une étude de la fissuration assistée par l'environnement dans différentes conditions de pH et de PH2S. Ces essais permettent d'abord de vérifier l'évolution de la cinétique de fissuration interne en fonction des conditions environnementales. Dans le même temps, nous réalisons des mesures de la quantité d'hydrogène absorbée par le métal, en distinguant les parts d'hydrogène libre, piégé réversiblement et irréversiblement. La confrontation entre les données de diffusion et de piégeage issues des essais de perméation, et des données directes de fissuration et de quantités d'hydrogène absorbé permet l'établissement de seuils de concentrations critiques en hydrogène. Ces seuils sont ensuite utilisés afin de mettre en place une approche empirique prédictive de la fissuration HIC dans les aciersThe work of this thesis applies to flexible pipelines, which are used as risers or flowlines in offshore production. More specifically, it is dedicated to study the risks of hydrogen embrittlement of carbon steel wires used as armors if flexible pipes. The study is focused on low H2S containing medium inducing slow hydrogen entry in steels, thus, potentially long incubation times before embrittlement becomes effective. The first goal of this work is to study the entry, diffusion and trapping of hydrogen into different grades of carbon steel in low H2S concentration environment. The permeation technique will be used, as well as immersion tests of variable duration with characterization of the crack process. Analysis of permeation transients gives information on hydrogen diffusion and hydrogen trapping into steels in function of experimental conditions (pH, PH2S). Immersion tests will be performed complementary to permeation tests in various conditions of pH and PH2S. We verify the cracking evolution with environmental conditions. We also quantify the lattice hydrogen, the reversibly and irreversibly trapped hydrogen absorbed by the materials. Then, using both diffusion properties from permeation tests and cracking data from immersion experiments, we set up a predictive approach to link the risks of H2S cracking for each steel grade in function of the severity of the environment. Applying this method should also allow to establish faster and more reliable comparisons of the hydrogen induced cracking resistance of different steel grades. It should be used as complimentary tool for qualification purposes
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Martinez, Juan David Santos. "Estudo comparativo da resistência à corrosão e permeabilidade do hidrogênio de aços API grau X65 baixo manganês em solução B da norma NACE TM-0284." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-15012018-145847/.
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Aços de alta resistência e baixa liga (ARBL) têm sido bastante utilizados na fabricação de tubulações para o transporte de petróleo e gás. Entretanto, o uso destes materiais em meios com elevadas concentrações de H2S, denominados sour, tem resultado em falhas frequentes, devido à suscetibilidade destes materiais ao desenvolvimento do fenômeno de trincamento induzido pelo hidrogênio (Hydrogen Induced Cracking - HIC), assim como devido a problemas de corrosão. O desenvolvimento de diferentes processos tecnológicos para a produção de tubos de aços ARBL, tais como a laminação controlada e resfriamento acelerado, a adição de microligantes, assim como a diminuição do teor de enxofre, fósforo, carbono e manganês, tem levado à elaboração de materiais com propriedades mecânicas otimizadas, permitindo também um melhor controle da microestrutura. As perdas de dureza e resistência mecânica devidas à redução do teor de manganês, são compensadas pela adição de elementos como cromo e nióbio. Neste trabalho estão sendo comparadas a resistência à corrosão e os parâmetros de permeabilidade do hidrogênio de dois tubos de aço API 5L X65 e uma chapa API 5L X65, todos do tipo ARBL e com baixo manganês (0,27%) e alto nióbio (0,083% a 0,090%), na solução B da norma NACE, TM-0284 (2011). Para isto, foram realizados ensaios de potencial de circuito aberto (Open Circuit Potential - OCP), espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy - EIS) e curvas de polarização potenciodinâmicas no eletrólito naturalmente aerado, desaerado e saturado com H2S. Os testes de permeabilidade do hidrogênio foram realizados com base na norma ASTM INTERNATIONAL G148 - 97, porém usando a célula modificada de DEVANATHAN e STACHURSKY (1962) e com H2S como veneno catódico. Os materiais foram caracterizados por microscopia óptica (MO), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de Raios-X (X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy - EDS) antes e depois de testes de imersão nos diferentes eletrólitos. Caracterização dos produtos de corrosão por difração de raios-X (DRX) também foi realizada após imersão em meio saturado com H2S (sour). As análises por MO e MEV mostraram matrizes ferríticas para os três aços, com a presença de baixos teores do microconstituinte martensita/austenita (M/A), de perlita e com baixo nível de inclusões uniformemente distribuídas e com composições químicas semelhantes. Os resultados dos ensaios de corrosão mostraram que, para todos os meios investigados, o aço denominado como B apresentou a melhor resistência à corrosão, enquanto aquele denominado como C se mostrou o mais suscetível em todas as condições estudadas. Para os três aços, a resistência à corrosão apresentou a seguinte ordem crescente de acordo com o meio de exposição: meio saturado com H2S < meio naturalmente aerado < meios desaerados. Ensaios de OCP e EIS no meio saturado com H2S em um período de 24h mostraram que a resistência à corrosão aumenta com o tempo em razão da formação de uma camada de sulfeto de ferro, que, no entanto, se apresentou pouco aderente. Os resultados dos ensaios de permeação de hidrogênio mostraram que o aço denominado B, que apresentou maior resistência à corrosão em todos os meios e que não apresenta perlita em sua microestrutura, teve o maior valor de difusividade efetiva de hidrogênio, menor concentração de hidrogênio atômico na sub-superfície e menor quantidade de traps por unidade de volume. Quanto aos outros dois materiais, os resultados dos testes de permeabilidade ficaram em desacordo com os resultados da caracterização microestrutural e dos testes de resistência à corrosão, indicando que fatores diferentes dos detectados neste estudo são importantes para governar essas propriedades.High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels have been widely used in the manufacture of pipelines for the transport of oil and gas. However, the application of these steels in media with high H2S concentrations, denominated sour, has resulted in frequent failures due to the susceptibility of these materials to the development of Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) phenomena, as well as due to corrosion problems. The development of different technological processes for HSLA piping production, like controlled rolling and accelerated cooling, the addition of microalloying elements, as well as the reduction of the amounts of sulphur, phosphorus, carbon and manganese, has led to the development of materials with optimized mechanical properties, also allowing a better microstructural control. Hardness and mechanical resistance reduction due to the lowering of Mn content are compensated by niobium and chromium addition. In this work, the corrosion resistance and the hydrogen permeability parameters of two API 5L X65 steel tubes and an API 5L X65 plate, all HSLA type and with low manganese (0.27%) and high niobium (0.083% to 0.090%) contents, are compared in solution B of NACE standard TM-0284 (2011). For this, open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves were carried out in the naturally aerated, deaerated and H2S saturated electrolyte. Hydrogen permeability tests were performed based on ASTM INTERNATIONAL G148-97, but using a modified DEVANATHAN and STACHURSKY (1962) cell and with H2S as cathodic poison. The materials were characterized by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) prior and after immersion tests in the different electrolytes. Characterization of the corrosion products by X-ray diffraction (XRD) was also performed after immersion in the H2S-saturated (sour) medium. The OM and SEM characterization showed ferritic matrices for the three steels, with the presence of low levels of the martensite/austenite (M/A) microconstituent, perlite and with a low level of inclusions evenly distributed and with similar chemical compositions. The results of the corrosion tests showed that, for all investigated media, the steel denominated as B presented the best resistance to corrosion, whereas the one denominated as C showed to be the most susceptible in all the conditions studied. For the three steels, the corrosion resistance showed the following ascending order according to the exposure medium: H2S saturated < naturally aerated medium < deaerated media. OCP and EIS tests in the H2S-saturated medium in a period of 24 hours showed that the corrosion resistance increases over time due to the formation of an iron sulphide layer, which, however, presented little adhesion. The results of the hydrogen permeation tests showed that the steel denominated B, that presented greater corrosion resistance in all media and that does not present perlite in its microstructure, had the highest values of effective hydrogen diffusivity, the lowest concentration of atomic hydrogen in the subsurface and the smallest amount of traps per unit volume. Concerning the other two materials, the results of the permeability tests were at variance with the results of the microstructural characterization and corrosion resistance tests, indicating that factors other than those detected in this study are important to govern such properties.
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Sarrut, Morgan. "Optimisation de méthodes bidimensionnelles en ligne LCxLC-UV/MS et LCxSFC-UV pour l’analyse d’échantillons complexes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1189/document.
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La chromatographie en phase liquide bidimensionnelle « comprehensive » en ligne (LCxLC) est une technique à très haut pouvoir de séparation. Après avoir établi son intérêt mais aussi les enjeux liés au développement de méthodes et les conditions expérimentales utilisées, une attention particulière est portée à l'optimisation des méthodes en LCxLC. Une procédure d'optimisation basée une méthode « Pareto-optimal » est décrite. Les conditions optimales prédites sont ensuite appliquées à la séparation RPLCxRPLC d'un mélange complexe de peptides et comparée avec la 1D-RPLC en termes de capacité de pics, temps d'analyse et facteur de dilution démontrant l'avantage fournit par la RPLCxRPLC. L'optimisation d'une méthode HICxRPLC-UV/MS en ligne permettant la caractérisation exhaustive d'un anticorps conjugué est réalisée soulignant, entre autres, la grande complémentarité entre les différents modes de détection employés en 1D et 2D.Enfin, la possibilité de développer un couplage RPLCxSFC est explorée dans le but d'augmenter l'espace de séparation pour des composés neutres. La méthode RPLCxSFC optimisée est comparée avec une séparation RPLCxRPLC optimisée pour l'analyse d'une bio-huile montrant qu'elle peut-être considérée comme une alternative crédible pour la séparation de tels échantillonsComprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography is a powerful but complex separative technique. After detailing the interest of such a technique, the method development issues and the experimental conditions employed throughout this work, a particular attention is paid to the optimization of LCxLC methods. Accordingly an optimization procedure based on Pareto-optimal method is described. The predicted optimal conditions are then applied to experimental RPLCxRPLC separations of complex samples of peptides and compared with 1D-RPLC in terms of peak capacity, analysis time and sensitivity clearly showing the advantage of RPLCxRPLC approach.The optimization of a HICxRPLC-UV/MS method for the exhaustive characterization of an antibody-drug conjugate is achieved highlighting the high complementarity of the different detection modes used both in 1D and 2D. Finally, a proof of concept concerning the implementation of RPLCxSFC coupling is achieved with the aim of increasing the separation space coverage for neutral compounds. The optimized RPLCxSFC separation is then compared with an optimized RPLCxRPLC approach for the analysis of a bio-oil sample showing that RPLCxSFC is a credible alternative for the separation of such a sample
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Coufal, Tomáš. "Studie vlivu vlastností materiálu na simulaci nárazu hlavy chodce na kapotu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228589.
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The thesis describes the complex of basic testing procedures conducted by Euro NCAP company with a view to the examination of pedestrian protection in accordance with EEVC WG 17 and topical instruments used at passenger vehicles for pedestrian protection. It includes a detailed procedure of the creation of an adult head impactor including its certification and the formation of its impact on the bonnet of the vehicle. It is specialized in the studies how material properties influence the size of HIC criterion.
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Kadrmas, Lukáš. "Homogenní kapota - chování při nárazech impaktorem hlavy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228590.
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This thesis deals with the subject of crash tests Euro NCAP, concretely child-head impact test to the car bonnet. Object of thesis is make homogeneous car bonnet, where will remove stiffness places and also the bonnet global stiffness won´t be worst. The bonnet must carry out limits for pedestrian protection.
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Thebault, Sabine. "Caractérisation d'une nouvelle protéine humaine contenant un domaine homologue à l'I-mfa : implication dans la régulation de l'expression de deux rétrovirus humains, HTLV-I et HIV-1." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON1T013.
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Burke, Natalie. "Genetic Imbalances in Endometriosis Detected by Oligonucleotide-Array Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1129.
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Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases as it is thought to affect up to 15% of the female population. Characterized by the growth and proliferation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity, it is a complex condition with varying degrees of severity and can affect multiple regions of the body with symptoms ranging from a total lack of symptoms to debilitating pain and infertility. The most accepted theory of how endometriosis initiates is that of retrograde menstruation; however, approximately 90% of women with unobstructed fallopian tubes are thought to have some menstrual debris in the peritoneal cavity. Therefore, this theory does not explain in full why endometriosis occurs in some but not all women who experience retrograde bleeding.
Genetic factors are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis as women with a family history are 5 to 10 times more likely to develop the disease. The goal of this study was to determine if common chromosomal aberrations in the form of additions, deletions, or regions of loss of heterozygosity that may contribute to the establishment or progression of the disease are present in a population of endometriosis patients. DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of endometriosis patients and endometriosis tissue biopsies, and it was analyzed using oligonucleotide based array comparative genomic hybridization. The results suggest that an addition on chromosome 17p13.3 may play a role in the biological mechanisms involved in endometriosis as it was identified in 75% of the DNA samples obtained from the peripheral blood and 100% of the DNA samples obtained from the tissue biopsies. This chromosomal imbalance is of particular interest as it is located in a region that harbors the tumor suppressor gene, hypermethylated in cancer-1 (HIC-1), whose aberrant expression has been reported in multiple cancers.
Endometriosis has long been thought of as a benign disease despite its malignant characteristics, and individuals with endometriosis have been demonstrated to have an increased chance of developing ovarian cancer. This was the first study to examine the DNA from endometriosis patients using oligonucleotide based array comparative genomic hybridization to investigate genetic abnormalities in endometriosis. The findings may provide a novel target for future therapeutic options as well as indicate a link between endometriosis and cancer that has not been previously reported.
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Rytirova, Lenka. "Etude de la dégradation par l'hydrogène des aciers micromaillés et duplex : influence de la microstructure." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1028.
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Les installations pétrolières ou de gaz naturel peuvent être contaminées par H2S humide. Cet environnement est très agressif pour les aciers utilisés pour le transport ou les procédés liés à ces produits, car il peut provoquer l'absorption d'hydrogène par l'acier. En l'absence de contrainte, cet hydrogène peut causer une fissuration (Hydrogen Induced Cracking, HIC). En présence de contrainte appliquée ou résiduelle, une rupture peut se produire par un mécanisme dit de fissuration sous contrainte en présence d’hydrogène sulfuré (Sulphide Stress Cracking, SSC) ou de fissuration orientée induite par l'hydrogène (Stress Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking, SOHIC). La résistance des aciers est étroitement reliée aux caractéristiques microstructurales : inclusions non métalliques, constituants de phase dure, structure en bandes, etc. Cette thèse présente les résultats de tests de résistance à HIC et SCC d'aciers pour pipelines : deux aciers au carbone peu alliés (X52 et X 60) et un acier inoxydable 22-05 de type duplex (microstructure mixte d'austénite et ferrite). Ces matériaux ont été testés conformément aux normes NACE TM 0284 (HIC) et TM 0177, méthode A (SSC). Des essais de perméation électrochimique ont été réalisés pour compléter notre connaissance du comportement de ces matériaux en présence d'hydrogène (diffusivité, piégeage), et quelques essais de perméation ont été suivis de dosage de l'hydrogène piégé par dégazage sous vide à 600 °C. Les essais ont été réalisés en prenant en compte l'orientation des échantillons par rapport au sens de laminage, ainsi que l'état structural : état brut de réception (AR) et état après traitement thermique (HT)Petroleum and natural gas systems can be contaminated with aqueous H2S. This environment is very aggressive to the steels used for the transport and processing of these products. Hydrogen absorption into steel may result, and provokes hydrogen induced cracking(HIC) in the absence of applied stress. In the presence of applied or residual stress, the failure process can occur by sulphide stress cracking (SSC) or stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking (SOHIC). The resistance of steels is closely related to the microstructure features: non-metallic inclusions, hard phase constituents, banded structures etc. This thesis summarizes results of HIC and SSC resistance of pipelines steels: two carbon micro alloyed steels (X52 and X60 according to API 5L Specification) and one 225 duplex stainless steel (austenite – ferrite microstructure). Materials have been tested according to NACE TM 0284 (HIC) and TM 0177 - Method A (SSC). To obtain detailed information about material behaviour in the presence of hydrogen, electrochemical permeation tests were performed as well. This method lets know the hydrogen diffusivity in these materialsand the hydrogen trapping. Some permeation tests were followed by vacuum outgasing at 600°C, to obtain information about irreversible trapping. The different tests have been achieved in as-received state (AR, after rolling) and after a laboratory heat treatment (HT, quenching and tempering). Influence of samples taking orientation has been also examined. Microstructure and fracture surfaces of broken SSC specimens analysis was performed by means of optical metallography and scanning electron microscopy
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Caçoilo, Andreia Patrícia Gandarinho. "Análise de traumas induzidos por impactos balísticos em PASGT." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14349.
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Mestrado em Engenharia MecânicaÉ na cabeça que se encontra o órgão principal do corpo humano, o cérebro. As probabilidades de lesões neste órgão são elevadas para profissionais como: militares, forças de segurança e forças especiais, pelo facto de estes indiví- duos enfrentarem ameaças de risco diárias e inerentes à sua profissão. O interesse em melhorar equipamento de proteção pessoal, nomeadamente os capacetes balísticos, provém desta necessidade. No entanto, a complexidade associada à realização de ensaios experimentais obriga a que a simulação nu- mérica seja um método imprescindível a ser utilizado. Deste modo, neste trabalho a simulação é realizada com recurso ao software LS-DYNA e tem como objetivo principal a avaliação de ferimentos na cabeça, usando o Head Injury Criterion (HIC), causados pelo impacto de um projétil de 9 mm NATO no capacete PASGT. Para as simulações são utilizados três modelos numéricos: o capacete, a cabeça e pescoço do dummy Hybrid III, e o projétil. Os parâmetros nos quais este estudo incidiu são: a variação do ângulo de impacto, a influência do material utilizado no capacete, a comparação entre a utilização do projétil rígido ou deformável através de um balanço de energia e a influência da energia de impacto do projétil. Também é feita uma análise adicional onde se observa que as características do hardware/software influenciam os resultados. Com este estudo é possível concluir qual o material mais vantajoso a ser utilizado no capacete para proteção pessoal.
It is in the head that the brain, arguably the main part of the human body, an be found. The probabilities of injury on this organ are very high for professionals such as military personnel, security forces and special forces, mostly because they face daily threats and risks inherent to their profession. The need to improve personal protective equipment, in particular ballistic helmets, derives from this necessity. However, the complexity associated with the experimental tests required to do so make numerical simulation an essential method to be considered. In this work simulations are performed using LS-DYNA with the main objective of evaluating and estimating head injuries, using the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), caused by the impact of 9 mm NATO projectiles on the PASGT helmet. Three numerical models are developed and used for the simulations: a complete helmet model, the head and neck of the Hybrid III dummy and the projectile. The parameters on which this study focuses are: the change of the impact angle, the influence of the materials used in the helmet, the approach used to model the projectile (either rigid or deformable) through an energy balance and the influence of the impact energy. Additional analyses are made to observe that the hardware and software characteristics and conditions an strongly influence the numerical results. Definite conclusions that an be drawn from this study relate to the most advantageous material to be used in the helmet for personal protection and to the worst impact conditions regarding the injury probability.
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Kerrigan, Michael V. "Evaluation of advanced materials to protect against fall-related head injuries." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003103.
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Pulicar, Martin. "Mapa Brna." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232415.
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„Hic sunt leones“ is a printed publication that represents the outcome of diploma thesis Map of Brno. It is a pocket-size map in a form of a book describing the dark side of Brno, fitting contextually within the scope of urban exploration. Locations described within the publication are far beyond the general interest of the majority, and even the alternative minority, of population within the city. These are locations whose visit may result not just in dirty pants or possible conflict with the police, but also in injuries or even death. The inaccessibility of these places is emphasized by the inaccessibility of the map itself, which is being tested at it's very edge of usability. Accurate cartographic mapping is not the intention of this project, neither it is the process of making these places easily accessible. Mediation of their unique atmosphere and providing the evidence of their mere existence is the primary intention here. More so because of the fact that such places are subjects to very fast perdition.
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Avilés, Janeth Marlene Quispe. "Investigação da relação entre a suscetibilidade ao trincamento induzido pelo hidrogênio (HIC) e parâmetros de resistência à corrosão de tubos de aços ARBL graus API 5L X65 e X80." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-05012018-104419/.
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Atualmente a maior parte da energia consumida no mundo provém de fontes como carvão, petróleo e gás natural. Nas últimas décadas, o aumento na demanda por petróleo e gás natural teve como resultado um grande aumento no uso de tubos de aço para transportar estes produtos por longas distâncias. Os aços de alta resistência e baixa liga (ARBL) produzidos de acordo com a norma API 5L são atrativos para estas aplicações por apresentarem boas propriedades mecânicas e soldabilidade aliadas a baixos custos. Entretanto, nestas aplicações os materiais são expostos a meios corrosivos com altos teores de H2S, tornando-os susceptíveis aos danos provocados pelo hidrogênio. Dentre estes um dos mais importantes é o trincamento induzido pelo hidrogênio (hydrogen induced cracking - HIC). Neste trabalho a resistência à corrosão e ao HIC de dois aços API 5L X65, cujas composições diferem principalmente com relação aos teores de Mn e de Nb, e de um aço API 5L X80 comercial foi investigada na solução A da norma NACE TM0284-2011. A avaliação da resistência à corrosão foi realizada em solução naturalmente aerada ou desaerada sem e com saturação com H2S por meio de ensaios de potencial de circuito aberto, curvas de polarização potenciodinâmica e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica. Análises microestruturais por microscopia óptica (MO) e eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foram realizadas para correlacionar a microestrutura com os dois parâmetros investigados. As análises por MO e MEV mostraram que os dois aços API 5L X65 possuem inclusões uniformemente distribuídas em uma matriz ferrítica com ilhas de perlita degenerada e microconstituintes M/A (martensita/ austenita) nos contornos de grão da ferrita. Por sua vez, o aço API 5L X80 apresentou matriz ferrítica com microconstituintes M/A, e inclusões de formas arredondadas e irregulares em maior número e distribuídas de forma irregular. Os resultados dos ensaios eletroquímicos mostraram que, para os três aços, a resistência à corrosão diminui sensivelmente na presença de H2S. Por outro lado, os ensaios de impedância evidenciaram aumento da resistência à corrosão com o tempo de imersão em todos os meios, provavelmente associado à formação de produtos de corrosão insolúveis e que precipitam sobre a superfície dos aços. Todos os ensaios mostraram que os dois aços API 5L X65 são mais resistentes à corrosão que o aço API 5L X80. Os ensaios de HIC mostraram que os dois aços API 5L X65 não são suscetíveis a este tipo de falha, contrariamente ao aço API 5L X80. Neste último houve formação de trincas da parte central e inferior (interna) da amostra fornecida em forma de tubo. A análise do caminho de propagação da trinca mostrou a presença de inclusões ricas em Mn e S, indicando que elas têm um papel relevante no mecanismo de trincamento. Os resultados de todos os ensaios de corrosão mostraram que o aço experimental API 5L X65 produzido pela CBMM com baixos teores de Mn e altos teores de Nb apresentou resistência à corrosão ligeiramente superior ao aço API 5L X65 comercial, indicando ser esta composição promissora para aplicações em meios sour.Currently most of the energy consumed in the world comes from sources such as coal, oil and natural gas. In recent decades the increase in demand for oil and natural gas has resulted in a large increase in the use of steel tubes to transport these products over long distances. High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels produced according to the API 5L standard are attractive for these applications because they have good mechanical properties and weldability combined with low costs. However, in these applications the materials are exposed to corrosive media with high levels of H2S, making them susceptible to damage caused by hydrogen. Among them, one of the most important is hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). In this work the resistance to corrosion and HIC of two API 5L X65 steels, whose compositions differ mainly with respect to their Mn and Nb contents, and a commercial API 5L X80 steel were investigated in solution A of the NACE standard TM0284-2011. The evaluation of the corrosion resistance was carried out in naturally aerated or in deaerated solution without and with saturation with H2S by means of open circuit potential tests, potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Microstructural analysis by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to correlate the microstructure with the two investigated parameters. OM and SEM analyzes showed that the two API 5L X65 steels have inclusions evenly distributed in a ferritic matrix with degenerated perlite islands and M/A (martensite/austenite) microconstituents at the perlite grain boundaries. In turn, the API 5L X80 steel presented a ferritic matrix with M/A microconstituents and round-shaped and irregular-shaped inclusions in greater number and irregularly distributed. The results of the electrochemical tests showed that, for all three steels, the corrosion resistance decreases significantly in the presence of H2S. On the other hand, the EIS tests showed an increase in corrosion resistance with immersion time in all media, which is probably due to the formation of insoluble corrosion products that precipitate on the steels surfaces. All assays showed that the two API 5L X65 steels are more resistant to corrosion than the API 5L X80 steel. The HIC assays showed that the two API 5L X65 steels are not susceptible to this type of failure, unlike the API 5L X80 steel. In the latter there was cracks formation in the central and lower (inner) part of the sample supplied as a tube. The analysis of the crack propagation path showed the presence of Mn and S-rich inclusions, indicating that they play a key role in the cracking mechanism. The results of all corrosion tests showed that the experimental steel API 5L X65 produced by CBMM with low Mn contents and high levels of Nb exhibited slightly higher corrosion resistance than the API 5L X65 commercial steel, indicating that this composition is promising for sour media applications.
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Marangon, Matteo. "Biochemical and functional characterisation of the proteins of white wines and studies on methods to prevent their instability." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425215.
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Carron, Léopold. "Analyse à haute résolution de la structure spatiale des chromosomes eucaryotes Boost-HiC : Computational enhancement of long-range contacts in chromosomal contact maps Genome supranucleosomal organization and genetic susceptibility to disease." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS593.
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L’information génétique est portée par la molécule d’ADN, un polymère de nucléotides de très grande taille. Afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes impactant le repliement de l’ADN, on peut exploiter une technique de génomique qui permet de quantifier les contacts entre régions distales du génome. Cette technique expérimentale appelée ’capture de conformation de chromosome’ (Hi-C) donne des informations quantitatives sur l’architecture et le repliement tridimensionnel des chromosomes dans le noyau. Largement utilisée chez l’Homme, la souris et la drosophile, cette technique a grandement évolué durant ces dernières années, produisant ainsi des données de qualité variable. Jusque-là étudiées à des résolutions assez grossières, notre objectif est d’étudier les données Hi-C déjà publiées à des résolutions plus fines. Pour cela, j’ai développé un outil bioinformatique, Boost-HiC, pour améliorer l’analyse des contacts chromosomiques. Fort de cette expertise, je proposerai alors une analyse comparative des structures spatiales des génomes eucaryotes, permettant de clarifier comment extraire les compartiments génomiques de manière optimale. Cette expertise sera utilisée également pour décrire le lien entre les bordures des domaines topologiques de la chromatine et la position dans le génome humain des mutations ponctuelles prédisposant au cancerGenetic information is encoded in DNA, a huge-size nucleotidic polymer. In order to understand DNA folding mechanisms, an experimental technique is today available that quantifies distal genomic contacts. This high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technique, called Hi-C, reveals 3D chromosome folding in the nucleus. In the recent years, the Hi-C experimental protocol received many improvements through numerous studies for Human, mouse and drosophila genomes. Because most of these studies are performed at poor resolution, I propose bioinformatic methods to analyze these datasets at fine resolution. In order to do this, I present Boost-HiC, a tool that enhanced long-range contacts in Hi-C data. I will then used our extended knowledge to compare 3D folding in different species. This result provides the basis to determine the best method for obtaining genomic compartements from a chromosomal contact map. Finally, I present some other applications of our methodology to study the link between the borders of topologically associating domains and the genomic location of single-nucleotide mutations associated to cancer
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GOLFO, Salvatore. "ANALISI DELLA GRAVITA’ DELLE LESIONI NELL’IMPATTO VEICOLO PEDONE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/515103.
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Lo scopo principale di questa tesi consiste nella valutazione dei danni provocati da un utente debole della strada in un incidente con un veicolo e allo sviluppo di un metodo
versatile che possa simulare qualsiasi circostanza. I danni vengono quantificati sulla base di alcuni criteri di lesione quali HIC, TTI, criterio dei 3 ms, forze di contatto, ecc… Inoltre è stato eseguito un modello teorico per la validazione dei risultati ottenuti dal punto di vista matematico e una serie di confronti, dei dati ottenuti con delle fonti presenti in bibliografia. A tal fine verranno valutati quelle che sono le condizioni più gravose per questo genere di impatto e alcuni suggerimenti atti a limitarli.
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Rafferty, Eileen N. "Jimmy Hit His First Home Run." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/958.
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This document begins with the end of a life and ends with the beginning of hope. It is a brief description of the artist's history, artistic and literary influences, and subsequent works produced during graduate school, specifically Dichotomy, Swan Dive, and Jimmy Hit His First Home Run. Topics discussed include Human Physiology, Transference, Buddhism, and Bubbles. This document was created in Microsoft Word 2004 for Mac, Version 11.2.
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Foutel--Rodier, Théo. "Genome-wide effects of T4 phage Ndd protein expression on the Escherichia coli nucleoid." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS553.
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La principale partie de ma thèse s’intéresse aux principes d'organisation du génome de la bactérie Escherichia coli. Le génome des bactéries est contenu dans le nucléoïde, un espace fortement organisé par de nombreux facteurs tels que la transcription, le sur-enroulement de l'ADN ou la présence de protéines spécifiques. Toutefois, les mécanismes précis qui régissent l'organisation du nucléoïde restent vaguent. La protéine Ndd du phage T4 provoque une désorganisation radicale du nucléoïde quand elle est exprimée chez E. coli. J'ai utilisé cette protéine Ndd pour tenter de révéler des structures encore inconnues liées à l'organisation du nucléoïde. En utilisant un nouveau système d'expression de Ndd chez E. coli il a été possible de montrer que cette protéine impacte l'ensemble du génome d'E. coli, aussi bien structurellement que transcriptionnellement. Des études en Hi-C ont permis de révéler que la structuration locale du nucléoïde n'est pas affectée par la présence de Ndd. Toutefois, l'expression de Ndd provoque une altération du profil de réplication d'E. coli avec une possible surreplication de la région proximale de l'origine de réplication. Nous avons aussi observé que l'expression de Ndd depuis le chromosome menait à des conséquences très différentes de son expression depuis un plasmide. La recherche de partenaires de Ndd qui pourraient expliquer ces effets par un screen dCas9 n'a donné que peu de candidats qui sont en cours de validation. Nous montrons ici que Ndd semble agir sur un ou des aspects précis mais encore indéterminés de l'organisation du nucléoïde et potentiellement indépendamment de la participation de gènes d'E. coliThe main project of my PhD concerned the principles of organization of the genome of the bacterium Escherichia coli. Bacterial genomes are held in the nucleoid, a space highly organized by many factors such as transcription, DNA supercoiling or the presence of specific proteins. However, some of the precise mechanisms that govern its organization remain unclear. The Ndd protein from phage T4 causes a radical disorganization of the nucleoid when expressed in E. coli. I used this Ndd protein to try to reveal previously unknown structures related to nucleoid organization. Using a novel expression system for Ndd in E. coli, it was possible to show that this protein impacts the entire genome of E. coli, both structurally and transcriptionally. Hi-C studies revealed that the Ndd-disrupted nucleoid remains locally structured in a manner similar to a normal nucleoid. However, Ndd expression causes an alteration in the replication profile of E. coli with possible over-replication at the origin of replication. We also observed that expression of Ndd from the chromosome leads to very different consequences than its expression from a plasmid. The search for a partner of Ndd that could explain these effects by a dCas9 screen yielded few candidates that are currently undergoing validation. Here we show that Ndd appears to act on one or more specific aspects of nucleoid organization and potentially independently of the involvement of genes from E. coli
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Wallace, Rick L., and Bruce Behringer. "Potential of Technology to Improve the Availability and Use of Health Information on Cancer Subjects for Clergy from Rural Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12275.
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Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and often is a chronic long term disease. This calls for an expanded workforce to include non-traditional health care providers.
Objective: To determine effectiveness of a cancer information training project with clergy from selected rural Appalachian areas to improve comfort and willingness to work as part of the cancer health care team.
Methods: Clergy were trained in the consumer health database of the National Library of Medicine MedlinePlus.gov. Exercises were required that were done using an iPad tablet with an online curriculum. They were also taught how to do a population health assessment of their particular area and develop a health ministry for their church.
Results: Three key elements were confirmed that would enable replication of the pilot: access to medlineplus, programmed learning modules using mobile technology such as iPads, and staff support including librarians and medical staff. With these key elements, the cancer project is potentially replicable with other groups beyond clergy.
Conclusion: about population health, built on new awareness and topical health knowledge, and using new skills to identify relevant information and library resources, could open minds and enhance community support for preventive and medical interventions.
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Shaikh, Mujaheed, and Afschin Gandjour. "Pharmaceutical expenditure and gross domestic product: Evidence of simultaneous effects using a two-step instrumental variables strategy." John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.3832.
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This paper estimates the income elasticity of government pharmaceutical spending
and assesses the simultaneous effect of such spending on gross domestic product
(GDP). Using a panel dataset for 136 countries from 1995 to 2006, we employ a
two-step instrumental variable procedure where we first estimate the effect of
GDP on public pharmaceutical expenditure using tourist receipts as an instrumentforGDP.
In the secondstep,weconstructanadjusted pharmaceutical expenditure
series where the response of public pharmaceutical expenditure to GDP is
partialled out and use this endogeneity adjusted series as an instrument for pharmaceutical
expenditure. Our estimations show that GDP has a strong positive
impact on pharmaceutical spending with elasticity in excess of unity in countries
with low spending on pharmaceuticals and countries with large economic freedom.
In the second step, we find that when the quantitatively large reverse effect
of GDP is accounted for, public pharmaceutical spending has a negative effect
on GDP per capita particularly in countries with limited economic freedom.
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Chibbaro, Salvatore. "Impact de la cranioplastie sur l'hémodynamique et métabolisme cérébral chez les patients craniectomisés : évaluation de l'effet de la cranioplastie comme facteur pronostic de l'amélioration clinique chez les traumatismes crâniens graves, HSA, HIC, Thrombophlébite des sinus duraux et AVC ischémique malin." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077134.
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La cranioplastie après craniectomie décompressive chez les patients souffrant d'un traumatisme crânien grave, d'une HSA, d'une HIC et d'une thrombophlébite des sinus duraux permet souvent d'améliorer l'état clinique de ces patients, sans que la physiopathologie exacte ne soit totalement expliquée. L'amélioration de l'hémodynamique et du métabolisme cérébral locaux pourrait être une explication. Nous avons évalué l'impact de la cranioplastie sur l'évolution clinique des patients craniectomisés et sur l'évolution de la perfusion cérébrale. Cette étude multicentrique et prospective a concerné plusieurs cohortes de patients lors de plusieurs essais cliniques et aussi des essais expérimentaux chez l'animal ont été réalisés. Tous les patients ayant eu une cranioplastie dans les 12 semaines suivant la craniectomie décompressive ont été évalués au niveau neurologique et cognitif, et la perfusion cérébrale par scanner de perfusion, doppler transcranien et dans des cas sélectionnés par 18 FDG TEP SCAN, a été évaluée avant et après la cranioplastie. Une amélioration neurologique et cognitive significative a été observée chez 92 % des patients à six mois de la cranioplastie. La perfusion cérébrale était globalement améliorée dès six semaines postopératoires prédominant du côté de la cranioplastie. Les vitesses de circulation sanguine systoliques et diastoliques étaient augmentées dans les deux artères cérébrales moyennes témoignant d'une amélioration de la perfusion cérébrale. La cranioplastie après craniectomie décompressive semble améliorer le pronostic fonctionnel des patients craniectomisés via une amélioration globale de la perfusion cérébrale indiquant finalement l'effet thérapeutique de cette procédure chirurgicale qui était considérée jusqu'à maintenant que à but esthétique et de protection cérébrale. Finalement la possible utilisation des nouvelles techniques et/ou dispositifs innovants pour réaliser la craniectomie décompressive en gardant en même temps le cerveau protégé pourrait constituer une vraie révolution dans la prise en charge de ces patientsCranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy in patients suffering from severe head injury, SAH, ICH and dural sinus thrombosis often leads to a functional improvement although, to date, the pathophysiology of this phenomenon remains unclear. A few hypotheses have been proposed. The impact of cranioplasty on cerebral perfusion coulb be one explanation. We have evaluated the impact of cranioplasty on the functional status of patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy with its influence on cerebral perfusion. This was a multi-centric and prospective study concerning different patient's cohort undergoing to a cranioplasty within 12 weeks following decompressive craniectomy; An experimental animal study has also been realized. A clinical and radiological evaluation was performed prior to and after cranioplasty in ail patients. Neurological and cognitive evaluation was performed with the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Radiological evaluation was performed by perfusion CT scan, transcranial Doppler and in selected case by a 18 FDG PET scan. A statistically significant neurological and cognitive improvement was observed in 92% of patients at 6 months follow-up (F-U). Brain perfusion was improved at 6 weeks F-U, predominantly in the affected hemisphere. Systolic and diastolic blood velocity flow were improved in both middle cerebral arteries being in favor of cerebral perfusion improvement. Cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy probably improves the functional outcome of these patients, thanks to a global improvement of cerebral perfusion. The former data are in favor of a therapeutic effect of cranioplasty which until now has been considered a procedure to improve just cosmetic feature and brain protection. Finally the implementation of new technique and/or devices to perform the craniectomy keeping in the same time the brain protected could constitute a true revolution in the management of such patients
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Silva, André Brasiliano da. "Robustez em um sistema de detecção e rastreamento de olhos para implementação de uma interface humano-computador." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1444.
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-21Eye tracking is an important issue for Human Computer interaction, mainly for users with hand-eye coordination problems. The work presented here shows a low cost and robust eye tracking system capable to work with an HD stream. The implementations used in this work over the base system present diferent techniques in all stages, from face detection to iris detection. Local processing is used in most stages in this implementation, delimiting the region of interest (ROI) for face detection, eye detection and iris detection. The system robustness allow the eye tracking system to control the mouse using eye movements allowing disable users to communicate through a communication interface. The hardware required is simple and based in an high definition webcam. The face detection and eye detection processes are based on the Viola Jones technique; iris detection and tracking are based on the Hough Transform. The usage of local processing reduces the computational cost and even working with high definition stream leads to a performance 33% better than the base system. The system presented here was compared with a commercial system and a set of equipment were tested in order to dene the best set up for the eye tracking system and to validate the work presented here. Future work is presented at the end in order to allow the project continuity.
O rastreamento ocular para usuários com problemas motores é um estudo importante na área de Interface Humano-Computador (IHC). Com o objetivo de fornecer um sistema de rastreamento ocular de baixo custo, este trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem para um sistema robusto e com alto desempenho. Com relação ao trabalho base para esta pesquisa, a implementação proposta contém inovações em todas as etapas do processo envolvendo o rastreamento ocular, desde a detecção da região da face e dos olhos até a detecção da íris. Neste trabalho, foi utilizado o conceito de processamento local, delimitando as regiões de interesse em todas as etapas do processo: detecção da região da face, região dos olhos e região da íris. Este trabalho permite que pessoas possam efetuar ações controlando o mouse através do movimento dos olhos em uma interface de rastreamento ocular, utilizando apenas equipamentos de uso comum, como, por exemplo, uma webcam. O processo de detecção da face e detecção ocular foi feito através da técnica de Viola e Jones. Para a detecção e rastreamento da íris foi utilizada a Transformada de Hough, e utilização de regiões de interesse com o objetivo de limitar a área de processamento da imagem, e consequentemente, o custo computacional, resultando em uma aplicação com um melhor desempenho e robustez em todas as etapas. Obteve-se um ganho de até 33% em relação ao tempo de processamento do sistema, quando comparado com o sistema base, porém, operando com imagens em alta definição. Foi realizada ainda uma comparação com sistemas de rastreamento ocular de uso comercial e diferentes tipos de equipamentos para validar as técnicas estudadas neste trabalho.
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Wright, Ryan D. "Speaking like Her, Him, and Hir: The Search for a Transwoman’s Speech Community." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1334748949.
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Li, Yichao. "Algorithmic Methods for Multi-Omics Biomarker Discovery." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1541609328071533.
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Yeung, Wai Keung Steven. "Zhu Shunshui (1600-1682) – the influence of, on and via him during his lifetime." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62762.
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Of the many Chinese who sought refuge in Japan during the middle of the seventeenth century, Zhu Shunshui 朱舜水 (1600-1682) is perhaps one of the most talked about. He fled China in 1645. In 1659, giving up all hopes on the restoration of the fallen Ming dynasty 明朝 (1368-1644) after fifteen-year’s unfruitful efforts, Shunshui decided to sojourn in Japan and sworn not to return until the Manchu 滿族 regime is driven out of China. During his stay in Japan, the prominent Mito 水戶domain lord Tokugawa Mitsukuni 徳川光圀 (1628-1701) hired him as his teacher. Mitsukuni is the founding father of the Mitogaku 水戸学, one of the most important schools of thought in Edo period (1603-1867). This school aimed to reconstruct the historiography of Japan by Chinese Neo-Confucianism principles so as to promulgate indigenous Shinto beliefs and absolute loyalty to the emperor. The close relationship between Shunshui and Mitsukuni, and the involvement of Shunshui’s students in projects initiated by Mitsukuni, including the compilation of the Dai Nihon Shi 大日本史 (The History of the Great Japan, 1906), make some scholars believe that Shunshui has dominant influence on Japan’s Neo-Confucian thoughts, if not all Edo thoughts, as well as far-fetching inspiration on Meiji Ishin 明治維新 (the Meiji Restoration, 1868). But the flow of information among brains and its effect on recipient is too dynamic to be measured. Cultural influence over time is even more difficult to trace. By investigating Shunshui’s relationship with different people and his involvement in various events in Japan during his life time, this paper aims to clarify whether the general beliefs on his influence are plausible. In case when the findings are negative, the paper will look into the causes and suggest where Shunshui’s should be.Arts, Faculty of
Asian Studies, Department of
Graduate
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Bartsch, Adam Jesse. "Biomechanical Engineering Analyses of Head and Spine Impact Injury Risk via Experimentation and Computational Simulation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1291318455.
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Poulin, René. ""Advise him of his happy state" : a study of Raphael's instruction of man in Milton's Eden." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63386.
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Kozaczka, Edward Jonathan. ""I made him know his name should be Friday" naming and sexuality in Robinson Crusoe and Foe /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Bell, Jacqueline Brooks. "Asperger's syndrome and metamemory how well can one child predict his knowledge of the world around him? /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06292007-164551.
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Bell, Jacqueline Brooks. "ASPERGER?S SYNDROME AND METAMEMORY: HOW WELL CAN ONE CHILD PREDICT HIS KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD AROUND HIM?" MSSTATE, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06292007-164551/.
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We investigated whether a child with Asperger?s Syndrome would demonstrate deficits in awareness of cognitive processing similar to those demonstrated for awareness of social interactions. The cognitive processes examined were memory and metamemory, or knowing about knowing. With regard to procedural metamemory, the child was unable to accurately predict his own memory, particularly which items he would not be able to recall. Declarative metamemory also was impaired. Tasks requiring imitation of the researcher or that were largely nonverbal resulted in particularly poor performance. The findings indicate that the child?s social deficits related to Asperger?s Syndrome extended to the cognitive domain. Overall, a deficit in cognitive awareness was observed.
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Byrne, Thomas. "The HIPC Initiative, HIV/AIDS and Growth: A Tri-Country Case Study of Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Uganda." Thesis, Boston College, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/371.
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Thesis advisor: Harold PetersenBy now, it is no secret to the global community that the many African countries lag far behind the rest of the world in terms of poverty rates, life expectancy, standard of living, per capita income, health, GDP and economic growth. This thesis examines the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on African economies and the potential for debt relief to mitigate some of the negative impacts of HIV/AIDS on African economies
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
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Yun, Tae-Jung. "Using ubiquitous communication technology to improve pediatric asthma management." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44794.
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Information and communication technologies (ICTs) for chronic care are increasingly being researched in Human-Computer Interaction. One of the current health management areas where ICTs have been employed is in supporting communications between patients and physicians. This is particularly relevant for patients suffering from chronic diseases since there is evidence that better communication leads to better health outcomes.
Researchers are investigating different chronic diseases to design and test technology interventions to promote better chronic disease care. However, few have investigated pediatric asthma as a case study for designing communication technologies. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated in 2008 that 300 million people suffer from asthma, and that asthma is the most common chronic illness among children. Asthma interferes with breathing by preventing airflow into the lungs. It is difficult to determine the actual cause of asthma and to predict who will have asthma. These unique challenges provide opportunities to investigate pediatric asthma management.
To address these challenges, I have conducted a series of studies with pediatric asthma patients, families, and healthcare providers to better understand their needs, challenges and strategies regarding the use of technologies. I have conducted interviews, a focus group, and a technology probe study to create and refine initial technology designs for children with asthma and their caregivers. Based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), patient-provider communications, and my findings in the prior studies, I designed a mobile and web service to increase asthma knowledge and symptom/management awareness in the child for better health outcomes, and to affect the perceived quality of interaction with healthcare providers.
I show the results of my two field deployment studies with total 65 patients to learn how the system affected their practices and health outcomes. My contributions come from an increased understanding in three areas: physician-patient communication via a mobile and web services; ubiquitous communication technology designs to improve current pediatric asthma practices; and controlled evaluation of a ubiquitous communication technology, SMS, in the field.